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Controlling the health of dairy cows is crucial for increasing global dairy food output. Dairy farmers are losing faith in the sector as cows suffer from a range of health issues, disease outbreaks that are unpredictable, and expensive breeding expenses. As a consequence, farmers must use efficient technology techniques for cow health monitoring in order to enhance milk output. This study looked at a range of wireless sensor-based automated dairy cow health monitoring systems. The fundamental purpose of wireless sensor network (WSN) based smart surveillance systems in agricultural optimization is to follow the health of dairy cows on a continual basis. This monitoring gadget must be installed in both local and remote farm areas so that interested farmers may monitor their cattle's movements throughout the day from several places. The data collected by the automated system would be kept in a database. Farmers may then obtain data using farm automation to execute effective farm management techniques. Furthermore, WSN is a low-cost device created exclusively for identifying illnesses in dairy cows. This achievement in sophisticated technology agricultural automation would assist to boost productivity by reducing human involvement. This article summarises all livestock tracking techniques, as well as the issues and challenges that they confront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle are one of the most important livestock species in Nigeria because they provide multiple services to farmers and contributes to the national economy. In order to advance the benefits of cattle production, there are several breeding and genetic improvement programmes which have been implemented to enhance productivity of the indigenous cattle and pastoral livelihoods. However, after about 100 years of breeding and genetic improvement programmes, Nigeria still struggles to derive expected benefits from cattle production. Hence, this study was carried out to analyse previous cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes in Nigeria to identify their successes and pitfalls as well as potential roles of post genomics technologies for advancing cattle production. The study identified optimization of indigenous cattle for meat and milk production as the main objective of the previous breeding and genetic improvement programmes; unfortunately, major pitfalls of the programmes are unrealistic breeding objectives and inadequate relevant stakeholder involvement. Furthermore, during their heydays, some of the programmes were successful, popular, and exemplary; but the shortcomings in planning and execution contributed to their failures. After analysis of 9 regional and national cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes implemented in Nigeria, for cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes in Nigeria to be among the league of successful similar programmes around the world, there is a need to consider genomic selection of cattle for genetic improvement. Also, the study suggested the need for collaborative networks among scientists, ranchers, breeders associations, smallholder farmers, institutions, biotechnology companies, government ministries, departments, agencies; and non-governmental organizations operating in the domain of cattle breeding, genetics, reproduction and production for advancement of cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, dairy sector is undergoing phenomenal changes in terms of technology, feed quality, health & quality of breed, quality assurance, equipment & machineries, diversification of milk products and marketing concept. This is forcing the dairy sector to relook at the current strategy. With consideration of existing challenges and opportunities at milk producers, milk processors, marketers and consumers level, this review article has outlined overarching viewpoints and subsequently, has explored how the dairy sector needs to adapt. Study has been extended from global to National level including the state of West Bengal. Indian Dairy sector needs to take care of a few basic problems like shortage of quality feed & fodder, quality bovine breed and below par milk producers’ selling price. In addition, a few relevant opportunities should be availed through co-product generation as a part of holistic approach in handling dairy farming and dairy industry. In view of significant socio-economic dependency in Indian context, revenue model needs routine exploitation from biogas generation, culling of unproductive animals, adoption of economies of scale at milk federation level and effective institutionalization in states like West Bengal to establish this dairy sector as a sustainable source of livelihood.

The dairy sector has been poised for fierce competitiveness due to the commercialization of the dairy sector and the presence of a global market size of 893 billion dollars. It has received a new dimension with the challenge of environmental sustainability. Considering all these challenges, the present research paper studies the major growth factors and the sustainable approach to dairy development in an emerging economy like India. Fifteen major dairy-developed states of India have contributed 90% of the milk production of the country examined from 2001 to 2019. The significance of key growth factors for dairy farming and the dairy value chain is assessed. The opportunity for sustainable dairying is examined. The authors have found that the growth factors of dairy farming and dairy value chain are significant by 1% through the fixed effect (FE) model and random effect (RE) model respectively. Indian dairy farming practices and their approach create optimism about environmental sustainability. The present study has observed a series of operational activities that are conducive to the triple bottom approach. With that, this study has mentioned strategies that can steer growth momentum and support sustainable Indian dairy development in the coming times. [Display omitted] • Three key areas, namely, dairy farming, dairy value chain and environmentally friendly practices for sustainable dairy development. • Two main types of variables (internal and external growth factors) are involved in the development of the dairy farming. • Strategies are formulated to improve milk productivity. • In line with the triple bottom line approach, a series of operational activities are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network structures have drawn a lot of research interest in recent years. However, little is known about how the diversity, complexity, and structure of the multi-actor networks associated with a project shapes information exchange and linkages in different contexts. This study, conducted in 2017, addresses this deficiency by analyzing the social networks in three villages, and it was directly set up in response to operationalizing a smallholder dairy development project. Social network analysis was used to characterize the networks and to look into network configuration and information exchange dynamics. Data were collected through household-level interviews with the project's participant farmers and key project stakeholders, supplemented with other Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques. Analysis focused on network visualization and estimation of specific network parameters for comparison. Results indicated that public sector actors were the key drivers in all these smallholder networks. Flow of information was favored both vertically and horizontally in the network, which was configured at a later stage, rather than in the project piloting stages, owing to unique actor alignment and multiplicity of ties. The networks were also found to vary in terms of some of the network attributes, signaling varying levels of network integration and brokerage potential. Better cohesiveness and information spread was observed in the network, which had the right mix of information acquisition and exchange networks. The study offers valuable lessons with respect to connectedness of network actors, need for multi-actor alliance, and implication of centrality measures in determining network dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, dairy sector is undergoing phenomenal changes in terms of technology, feed quality, health & quality of breed, quality assurance, equipment & machineries, diversification of milk products and marketing concept. This is forcing the dairy sector to relook at the current strategy. With consideration of existing challenges and opportunities at milk producers, milk processors, marketers and consumers level, this review article has outlined overarching viewpoints and subsequently, has explored how the dairy sector needs to adapt. Study has been extended from global to National level including the state of West Bengal. Indian Dairy sector needs to take care of a few basic problems like shortage of quality feed & fodder, quality bovine breed and below par milk producers' selling price. In addition, a few relevant opportunities should be availed through co-product generation as a part of holistic approach in handling dairy farming and dairy industry. In view of significant socio-economic dependency in Indian context, revenue model needs routine exploitation from biogas generation, culling of unproductive animals, adoption of economies of scale at milk federation level and effective institutionalization in states like West Bengal to establish this dairy sector as a sustainable source of livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted a Logit pattern in order to investigate and estimate the performance of dairy cooperatives as well as analyzing the activity levels of dairy farmers of Aq-qala Township. Required data and information for this study is obtained by simple random sampling method via giving questionnaire to 120 dairy Farmers. Results showed that the performance of cooperatives on collecting milk at an appropriate time and location, providing appropriate artificial insemination, giving credit facilities in order to increase Livestock production and offering subsidies for each kilogram of milk were significant and had a positive effect on dairy farmers production level. Better supervision, providing advanced facilities and equipment, regular supervision by governmental workers and providing financial support by cooperatives can have a significant difference both in livestock and milk production. Cooperatives should do a regular condition and situational analysis of rural communities. This task will definitely play a significant role in a better quality of dairy products produced by dairy farmers and also improve their economic situation.

In Indonesia, because of the rapidly growing demand for dairy products, the development of milk production in rural communities can play a strong role in reducing poverty. However, the development of smallholder dairy production requires adequate support from the government, development organizations, and private firms. To assess the needs and situations of poor dairy farmers, we conducted a study in Ciater sub-district in West Java Province to compare the current situation with the situation that prevailed 4 years ago, i.e., before the implementation of a dairy development project. Data were collected from 61 farms in June 2014. The average number of cows on the farms surveyed was three to four, and each relied on cultivating an average of 0.4 ha of forage. Results showed that thanks to the project activities, milk productivity per cow and net income from milk production increased by 25 % between 2010 and 2014. These results underline the importance of providing training and technical support for the development of the livelihoods of dairy smallholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the gendered impacts of a development project that provided dairy training and a superior breed of cattle to households as part of a broader effort to develop a smallholder-friendly, market-oriented dairy value chain in the Manica province of Mozambique. The project first targeted households, registered cows in the names of the household heads, and, initially, trained these cow owners in various aspects of dairy production and marketing. Subsequently, the training was expanded to two members per household to increase the capacity within households to care for cows, a change that resulted in the training of a significant number of women. Using qualitative and quantitative data on dairy production and consumption, and on gendered control over income and assets, the article explores how men and women participated in and benefited from the Manica Smallholder Dairy Development Program (MSDDP). We found that despite being registered in the name of men, in practice, dairy cattle are in some cases viewed as jointly owned by both men and women. Beneficiary households dramatically increased dairy production and income, with men, women, and children all contributing labor to this endeavor. Women’s incentives for participation in dairy were less clear. Despite their recognized rights and responsibilities related to dairy cow management, women exercised relatively little control over milk and milk income as compared to men. This article explores the various monetary and nonmonetary benefits of MSDDP and dairying for women along with their implications for the level of effort put in by women, and the overall project outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dairy international market is volatile and unstable and its general tendency is to maintain and even to increase the prices, once attenuate the financial international crisis. Hence, the importer countries should focus the dairy development toward the increment of the national production until covering the whole internal demand, combining the sostainability of the intensive systems with the local development of the small and medium producers. Considering that the prices of the inputs will stay relatively high in relation to the prices of the milk, the countries of the tropic have a competitive clear advantage when having sure sources of grasses and forages and other foods that do not compete essentially with the foods for man and that they are obtained at smaller costs that the existent ones for the concentrated supplements. New development focus is required where the organization and administration of the dairy farm, the application of science and technique and the integration in chains have a fundamental role. Though the Cuban dairy sector has been affected by several limitations in the last 15 years and depends on imports (50%), there are the socio-politic, infrastructural and of technical training conditions to reach a strong transformation of the coming future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy enterprise is an established sector in rural India and is playing a vital role in generating additional income and employment. In Karnataka, dairy development is a positive and significant as state contributes towards milk production, marketing, and processing of various dairy products in India. The microfinance programmes extended in dairy sector are helpful to take up dairy as main occupation among economically backward communities in the state. This paper, an attempt was made to analyse the different aspects of microfinance scheme (New Swarnima) implemented by KBCDC. The implementation of New Swarnima Scheme, one of the most popular microfinance schemes in the state to promote dairy among backward communities, was assessed at microlevel by selecting 18 beneficiaries belonging to landless labourers, marginal and small farmers in Kolar district in Karnataka state. The study found that the microfinance scheme has positive impact on income and employment generation, and has improved the natural resource management options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]