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Background: The occurrence of serious diseases, such as inflammatory diseases and cancer, in the small intestine is significantly lower than that in the colon. The differentiation of small-intestine microbiota from large-intestine microbiota might hold great significance. Materials and methods: To compare floral composition and functions between the two types of microbiota, ileal contents and feces were collected from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene in these rats was amplified and sequenced. We subjected the data to bioinformatics analyzing. Results: Compared with feces, about 50% of bacterial genera in the ileum were exclusive, with low abundance (operational taxonomic units [OTUs] P < 0.05). A high-fat diet (HFD) and specific-pathogen–free (SPF) conditions had a profound influence on α-diversity and abundance but not on the exclusive/shared features or β-diversity of samples. Intestinal microbiota were composed of high-prevalence dominant, low-prevalence dominant, and less-dominant bacteria. Conclusions: The present findings suggested that ileal and fecal bacteria were different structurally and functionally. These differences might be key to the fundamental protection of the small intestine from diseases.

Background: The occurrence of serious diseases, such as inflammatory diseases and cancer, in the small intestine is significantly lower than that in the colon. The differentiation of small-intestine microbiota from large-intestine microbiota might hold great significance. To compare floral composition and functions between the two types of microbiota, ileal contents and feces were collected from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene in these rats was amplified and sequenced. We subjected the data to bioinformatics analyzing.Results: Compared with feces, about 50% of bacterial genera in the ileum were exclusive, with low abundance (operational taxonomic units [OTUs] P < 0.05). A high-fat diet (HFD) and specific-pathogen–free (SPF) conditions had a profound influence on α-diversity and abundance but not on the exclusive/shared features or β-diversity of samples. Intestinal microbiota were composed of high-prevalence dominant, low-prevalence dominant, and less-dominant bacteria.Conclusions: The present findings suggested that ileal and fecal bacteria were different structurally and functionally. These differences might be key to the fundamental protection of the small intestine from diseases.

Two non-destructive detection methods for potato blight based on hyperspectral imaging were used: convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM) to classify potato leaves. By comparing the classification results, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed. In the experiment, normal potato leaves and early blight leaves were selected as research objects. Hyperspectral images of samples were obtained by hyperspectral imaging system, and then principal component images were extracted by principal component analysis method. It was found that the principal component images of normal leaves and blight leaves were significantly different, and finally two models of blight detection were established for convolutional neural network and support vector machine. The experimental results showed that the convolutional neural network was better than the support vector function in the detection of potato blight.

Background NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), an obligate two-electron reductase, plays an important role in reducing reactive quinones to less reactive and less toxic hydroquinones. Genetic variations in NQO1 gene that impede its enzyme function may be considered as putative risk factor for cancer. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the association between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and bladder cancer risk; nevertheless, the results remain controversial. Methods We indentified eligible publications from PubMed, Embase and CBM databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to access the strength of the associations. False-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was also performed for all statistically significant findings. Results We collected a total of 15 studies including 4298 cases and 4275 controls in the final meta-analysis. Overall, the NQO1 187Ser carriers were associated with an increased bladder cancer risk (homozygous: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.08-1.90; recessive: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03-1.72; dominant: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.37, and allele comparing: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06-1.33). Stratification analyses showed a statistically significant association among Asians (homozygous: OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.39-2.38; recessive: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.20-1.93, dominant: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05-1.88, and allele comparing: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.15-1.58), never smokers (homozygous: OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.14-4.65; heterozygous: OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.43-3.56; dominant model: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.14-2.21, and allele comparing: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.27-2.33), hospital-based studies (homozygous: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09-1.94; recessive: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02-1.69; dominant: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05-1.56, and allele comparing: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07-1.43), studies with genotyping performed by PCR-RFLP under all genetic models, and studies with minor allele frequency >0.30 (homozygous: OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.25-2.27; recessive: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.10-1.95, and allele comparing: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.51), respectively. Conclusions Despite some limitations, our meta-analysis provides sufficient evidence that NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism may contribute to bladder cancer risk. These findings need further validation in well-designed prospective studies with larger sample size and different ethnicities, especially for Asians.

To investigate the safety and efficiency of the disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD) in the surgical treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce.We randomly assigned 249 outpatients with phimosis or redundant prepuce to be treated with DCSD (n = 129) and by conventional circumcision (CC, n = 120), respectively. Then we compared the safety and efficiency of the two strategies.Comparisons between DCSD and CC showed that the operation time was (4.02 +/- 0.69) vs (30.8 +/- 4.05) min, blood loss was (1.07 +/- 1.29) vs (8.72 +/- 2.15) ml, intraoperative pain score was 0.81 +/- 0.81 vs 2.42 +/- 1.15, 24-hour postoperative pain score was 1.84 +/- 1.02 vs 4.99 +/- 1.36, postoperative complication rate was 13. 95% (18/129) vs 9.17% (11/120), wound healing time was (13.99 +/- 9.06) vs (17.48 +/- 3.49) d, satisfaction with the penile appearance was 98.4% (127/129) vs 95% (109/120), and treatment cost was (2215.62 +/- 17.67) vs (576.47 + 15.58) Y RMB. DCSD exhibited obvious superiority over CC for shorter operation time, less blood loss, milder intraoperative pain, sooner wound healing, and better penile appearance, but it also had a higher rate of postoperative complications (P0.05) and involved more treatment cost than the latter (P0.05).The disposable circumcision suture device affords ideal clinical effects and therefore deserves clinical popularization.

The investigations of nonlinear optical crystal surface structures have been reported in this paper for the first time. The AFM observations for cleavage (101) surface and (001) surface of NPP crystal indicate that the molecular arrangements on both of them are the same with its bulk structure, without any superstructure. And the phenyl and pyrrolidine rings in (001) surface can be distinguished. The angle between the molecular charge transfer axis and the binary axis obtained by AFM is 56°, closed to the optimal angle, which leads to the large nonlinear optical efficiency of NPP crystal.

To study the occurrence rate of meniscus injury in osteoarthritis (OA) of knee joint and inquire into the significance of meniscus injury in diagnosis and treatment of OA.125 knees of 120 cases with OA as the first diagnosis were observed when debridement was done under arthroscopy. The occurrence rate of meniscus injury and the relationship between the degree of OA and meniscus injury were analyzed. The curative effect of selective joint space debridement with meniscus fitting and resection was evaluated.Pain was the most common symptom of this group. 32 cases (25.6%) had locked knee but without loose body in the joint according to X ray. 22 joints (17.6%) were diagnosed as OA accompanied by meniscus injury before operation. The average LYSHOLM score was 52. Medial and lateral meniscus injury was observed in 41 joints (32.8%) and 21 joints (16.8%) respectively, 7 of them (5.6%) had injury at both sides. The type of meniscus injury under arthroscopy mainly included wear at different parts (29.0%), brush-like damage at the edge (12.9%), different kinds of rupture (51.6%), and bucket handle tear (1.61%). There was an obvious positive correlation between the degree of meniscus injury and cartilage damage. The coincidence rate of the diagnoses before and after operation was 40.0%. The total satisfactory rate was 89.6%, 86.4%, and 83.2% and the satisfactory rate of those meniscus injury were 94.5%, 91.0%, and 87.3% 3, 6, and 12 months after operation. The average LYSHOLM score was 77, 74, 71 and 85, 82, 79 respectively.A of knee joint is usually accompanied by meniscus injury, and these 2 pathologic changes aggravate each other. In some patients the symptoms and progress of OA may not be ameliorated and the progress of OA may not be postponed if only conservative treatment is adopted.

To study the effect of enriched oxygen on free radical metabolism at high altitude.SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were measured in 10 health young men after step in a room with or without oxygen enrichment at high altitude of 5 380 m.After exercise in the oxygen-enriched room, SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly while MDA decreased notably (P0.01) than those after exercise in the room without oxygen enrichment (P0.05 or P0.01).Enriched oxygen can decrease damage from free radical at high altitude.