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Aim: To gain insight in the actual ratio of recurrent odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) occurring in the tooth‐bearing area as compared to the posterior region of the mandible in order to come up with reliable data to base upon a rational treatment policy. Material and Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases for studies reporting on the location of recurrent mandibular OKCs. Risk Difference with a confidence interval of 95% of having the lesion in the tooth‐bearing area versus the posterior region was the effect measure. P value for the summary effect of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The 1411 records retrieved were reduced to 13 studies to be qualitative/quantitative assessed. The pooled values showed that the difference in the clinical risk of having recurrent OKCs in the posterior region of the mandible and in the tooth‐bearing area of the maxilla is of 7% (CI: −0.08, 0.22; P = 0.36), the posterior region being more susceptible to develop a recurrent OKC. Conclusions: The recurrence rate of OKCs in the posterior mandible is not significantly higher than of those located in the tooth‐bearing part of the mandible; however, there is no reason to follow a more aggressive treatment policy for OKCs in the tooth‐bearing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Carnoy's solution is used as a complementary treatment following enucleation of odontogenic keratocysts to reduce its recurrence rate. However, its use is still controversial in the area of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Carnoy's solution on the mandibular bone of Wistar rats in vivo, with special attention to the detrimental effects on osseous tissue. Material and methods: Monocortical defects created in the mandibular body of Wistar rats were exposed to Carnoy's solution or to saline solution for 5 min. All specimens were submitted to a histological analysis and the Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test compared the mean percentage and percent of median of the amount of bone necrosis, blood clot and bone neoformation between the defects treated with CS and saline solution. P value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Carnoy's solution did not cause more bone necrosis than the saline solution immediately and 3 days after applications (P = 0.135 and 0.287 respectively) but diminished the formation of blood clot after 3 days (P = 0.019). However, there were no differences in the quantity and quality of bone neoformation between CS and saline 10 days after applications (P = 0.459). Conclusions: The application of Carnoy's solution did not cause immediate nor late damage to the mandible of Wistar rats in vivo. Its use should be considered as a safe procedure and is encouraged after enucleation of keratocysts to eliminate possible epithelial cell nests, provided there is a clear clinical indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, which causes numerous hospital admissions and deaths. Antibiotics are the best options in HE treatment, but head-to-head comparisons between these drugs are scarce. Erythromycin combines the antimicrobial effect and prokinetic properties in the same drug, but it has never been used in HE treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin as an HE treatment. Methods We achieved a randomized controlled trial of adult patients with HE and hepatic cirrhosis admitted in our hospital. After randomization, the subjects received either erythromycin 250 mg or neomycin 1 g orally QID until hospital discharge or prescription of another antibiotic. All subjects were blindly evaluated every day towards quantifying clinical, neuropsychometric, hepatic and renal exams. Statistical analysis was employed to compare the groups and correlate the variables with hospitalization duration. Results 30 patients were evaluated (15 treated with each drug). At hospital admission, the groups were homogeneous, but the erythromycin group subjects achieved a shorter hospitalization stay (p = 0.032) and a more expressive reduction in alanine aminotranspherase levels (p = 0.026). Hospitalization duration was positively correlated with C reactive protein levels measured previous to (p = 0.015) and after treatment (p = 0.01). Conclusions In the sample evaluated erythromycin was associated with significant reductions in hospital stay and in alanine aminotranspherase values. Hospitalization time was positive correlated with C reactive protein levels measured before and after the treatments.

The purpose of this work was to develop a mathematical model able to simulate the continuous casting process of IF steel (Interstitial Free).and to determine the optimum operating conditions. The model formulation involves the momentum equations of liquid and solidified materials coupled with the temperature evolution of the slab. The differential equations and boundary conditions are numerically solved using the finite volume technique with appropriated boundary conditions for each region of the casting machine. The model predictions were compared with industrial data for conventional continuous casting conditions and extended to IF steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the wide range of institutions that maintain venomous snakes in captivity in Brazil there are no comprehensive data on the occurrence of snakebites and envenomations in these places. We examined the range of native and exotic species of venomous snakes kept by Brazilian zoos and serpentaria (scientific and commercial) and assessed the frequency of snakebites in workers handling these snakes during a 10-year period (2012-2021). Twenty-two (73.3%) of 30 institutions returned a standard questionnaire, including 15 serpentaria and 7 zoos that together kept 10,607 venomous snakes in 2022/2023. Commercial and scientific serpentaria had many more snakes (n = 10,550, consisting of 10,499 native specimens and 51 exotic specimens) than zoos (n = 57 native specimens), with two genera accounting for the majority of native species (Bothrops spp. = 84.5% and Crotalus durissus ssp. = 13.5%). Thirty-seven snakebites were reported and involved primarily the hands (33), seven of which occurred during venom extraction and 30 in other circumstances, most of them while handling/manipulating the cages or snake boxes (10) and restraining (9) or feeding (5) the snake. In addition, there were two cases of venom accidently sprayed on the face, including the eyes. Most bites were caused by Bothrops spp. (31), followed by C. durissus ssp. (4), Lachesis muta (1) and Micrurus corallinus (1). Thirty-three bites (89.2%) were treated with antivenom, with four bites to the fingers by Bothrops spp. resulting in local functional sequelae. There were 366,918 venom extractions with a ratio of 1.9 bites/100,000 extractions; no bites were recorded in the six institutions that sedated the snakes prior to venom extraction, which accounted for 22.7% of all extractions. These findings show that although snakebites are rare in Brazilian zoos and serpentaria, severe envenomation may occur. The occurrence of snakebites could be reduced by measures such as sedation of the snakes before venom extraction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Histology is a science fundamental for life and health undergraduate courses. During its teaching and learning process, digital books (e-books) stand out by offering students more contact time with theoretical-practical content; however, the reliability of these must be examined. Therefore, this study aimed to validate an e-book, Histologia interativa: roteiros de estudos (interactive histology: study guide) for teaching and learning histology at the university level. A methodological validation study was performed, in which the data were collected by filling out an online form regarding the qualities from experts and about the review of the e-book's content. Seven experts participated in the study, the majority of them working as professors at universities in the morphofunction field. The content validity indices for item (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI) were calculated. Values≥0.78 for I-CVI and≥0.90 for S-CVI/AVE were considered to have excellent content validity. Only two (6.06%) of 33 items did not achieve acceptable I-CVI values. Overall, S-CVI/AVE obtained a value of 0.955. In conclusion, the e-book evaluation has sufficient structural- and criterion-related validity. Furthermore, despite the experts' suggestions, they favored the use of the e-book in the teaching and learning of histology at the university level., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Embryonic mortality in cattle is high, reaching 10-40 % in vivo and 60-70 % in vitro. Death of embryos involves reduced expression of genes related to embryonic viability, inhibition of DNA repair and increased DNA damage. In follicular granulosa cells, FGF18 from the theca layer increases apoptosis and DNA damage, so we hypothesized that FGF18 may also affect the oocyte and contribute to early embryonic death. The aims of this study were to identify the effects of FGF18 on cumulus expansion, oocyte maturation and embryo development from cleavage to blastocyst stage using a conventional bovine in vitro embryo production system using ovaries of abattoir origin. Addition of FGF18 during in-vitro maturation did not affect FSH-induced cumulus expansion or rates of nuclear maturation. When FGF18 was present in the culture system, rates of cleavage were not affected however, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst development was substantially inhibited (P < 0.05), indicating a delay of blastulation. The number of phosphorylated histone H2AFX foci per nucleus, a marker of DNA damage, was higher in cleavage-stage embryos cultured with FGF18 than in those from control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FGF18 decreased accumulation of PTGS2 and IFNT2 mRNA in blastocysts. In conclusion, these novel findings suggest that FGF18 plays a role in the regulation of embryonic death during the early stages of development by impairing DNA double-strand break repair and expression of genes associated with embryo viability and maternal recognition of pregnancy during the progression from oocyte to expanded blastocysts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

There is now much evidence that OH radicals and H 2 O 2 are spontaneously generated at the air-water interface of atmospheric aerosols. Here, we investigated the effect of halide anions (Cl - , Br - , I - ), which are abundant in marine aerosols, on this H 2 O 2 production. Droplets were generated via nebulization of water solutions containing Na 2 SO 4 , NaCl, NaBr, and NaI containing solutions, and H 2 O 2 was monitored as a function of the salt concentration under atmospheric relevant conditions. The interfacial OH radical formation was also investigated by adding terephthalic acid (TA) to our salt solutions, and the product of its reaction with OH, hydroxy terephthalic acid (TAOH), was monitored. Finally, a mechanistic investigation was performed to examine the reactions participating in H 2 O 2 production, and their respective contributions were quantified. Our results showed that only Br - contributes to the interfacial H 2 O 2 formation, promoting the production by acting as an electron donor, while Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl stabilized the droplets by only reducing their evaporation. TAOH was observed in the collected droplets and, for the first time, directly in the particle phase by means of online fluorescence spectroscopy, confirming the interfacial OH production. A mechanistic study suggests that H 2 O 2 is formed by both OH and HO 2 self-recombination, as well as HO 2 reaction with H atoms. This work is expected to enhance our understanding of interfacial processes and assess their impact on climate, air quality, and health.

Introduction  Jet aircraft pilots are exposed to huge pressure variation during flight, which affect physiological functions as systems, such as the respiratory system. Objectives  The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate inflammatory changes of paranasal sinuses of jet aircraft pilots before and after a jet aircraft training program, using multislice computed tomography (CT), in comparison with a group of nonairborne individuals with the same age, sex, and physical health conditions. A second objective of the present study was to assess the association between the ostiomeatal complex obstruction and its anatomical variations. Methods  The study group consisted of 15 jet aircraft pilots participating in the training program. The control group consisted of 41 nonairborne young adults. The 15 fighter pilots were evaluated before initiating the training program and after their final approval for the presence of inflammatory paranasal sinus disease. The ostiomeatal complex anatomical variations and obstructions were analyzed in pilots after the training program. Results  Jet aircraft pilots presented higher incidence of mucosal thickening in maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoid cells than controls. Prominent ethmoidal bulla showed significant association with obstruction of the osteomeatal complex. Conclusions  Jet aircraft pilots present increased inflammatory disease when compared with nonairborne individuals. The presence of a prominent ethmoidal bulla is associated with ostiomeatal complex obstruction., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interests The authors have no conflict of interests to declare., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).)

Follow-up studies on odontogenic keratocysts have reported widely varying recurrence rates. This raises the question of how reliable these studies are and how the results should be interpreted. The aim of this study was to critically assess the information from all follow-up studies published since 2004 against a set of criteria to determine how thorough the study was. These criteria include the exclusion of the orthokeratinized variant, exclusion of cysts associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, and appropriate reporting of dropouts. A search of four electronic databases covering the years 2004-2022 was performed. Only studies with a sufficient follow-up period (covering a range of 1-8 years) were included. Studies with fewer than 40 cases were excluded. Fourteen relevant studies were identified in the literature search. The vast majority of these studies had considerable shortcomings, giving rise to serious doubts about the validity of their recurrence rate results. Of note, these studies have often been included in meta-analyses that report on the best treatment options to reduce the tendency of recurrences. The results of this review strongly suggest that multicentre studies with strict protocols should be performed to advance knowledge of the presentation of recurrences, both the timing and frequency., (Copyright © 2023 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Natural polysaccharides, e.g., starch, cellulose and sodium alginate have been highlighted as unconventional chromophores owing to their chain structures containing clustered electron-rich groups and the rigidification imposed by inter/intramolecular interactions. On account of the abundant hydroxyl groups and dense packing of low-substituted (< 5 %) mannan chains, we have investigated the laser-induced fluorescence of mannan-rich vegetable ivory seeds (Phytelephas macrocarpa), both in the native state and after thermal aging. The untreated material emitted fluorescence at 580 nm (yellow-orange) when excited at 532 nm (green). This luminescence is intrinsic to the polysaccharide matrix abundant in crystalline homomannan, as demonstrated by lignocellulosic analyses, fluorescence microscopy, NMR, Raman, FTIR and XRD. Thermal aging at 140 °C and above intensified the yellow-orange fluorescence and caused the material to fluoresce when excited by a near-infrared laser (785 nm). In view of the clustering-triggered emission mechanism, the fluorescence of the untreated material can be attributed to hydroxyl clusters and the conformational rigidification in mannan I crystals. On the other hand, thermal aging caused dehydration and oxidative degradation of mannan chains, inducing the substitution of hydroxyl groups by carbonyls. These physicochemical changes may have affected cluster formation and increased conformational rigidification, enhancing fluorescence emission., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study evaluated maxillary sinus volume changes in military jet aircraft pilot candidates before and after the training program, in comparison with a control group, considering the effects of pressurization, altitude, and total flight hours, through multislice computed tomography., Materials and Methods: Fifteen fighter pilots were evaluated before initiating the training program and after the final approval. The control group consisted of 41 young adults who had not flown during their military career. The volumes of each maxillary sinus were measured individually before and at the end of the training program., Results: When comparing the initial and final volumes in the pilots, a statistically significant increase was observed both in the left and right maxillary sinuses. When evaluating the average total volume of the maxillary sinuses (i.e., the average volume of the right and left maxillary sinuses together), a significant increase in the volume of the maxillary sinuses was observed in the pilot group when compared to the control group., Conclusion: The maxillary sinus volumes in aircraft pilot candidates increased after the 8-month training program. This may be explained by changes in the gravitational force, the expansion of gas, and positive pressure from oxygen masks. This unprecedented investigation among pilots might lead to other investigations considering paranasal sinus alterations in this singular population., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: None, (Copyright © 2023 by Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.)

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a potentially aggressive odontogenic lesion and there is an ongoing debate regarding its biological behavior and classification. The present systematic review aims to assess the expression of the p53 protein in the odontogenic keratocyst in comparison to the dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus for immunohistochemical studies reporting OKC's, dentigerous cysts and solid/multicystic ameloblastomas. The Risk Difference between the lesions expressing the p53 was the effect measure and a P value < 0.05 was considered to provide evidence to the effect estimates. Results: The first hit retrieved 126 records. After duplicates removal, there were 84 articles, of which eighteen were assessed for eligibility. Thirteen articles were included in the meta-analysis, showing that OKC's have an estimated difference of 23% (P < 0.003) in the probability to express the p53 over dentigerous cysts, and an estimated difference of 4% (P = 0.28) in the probability to express the p53 over ameloblastomas. OKCs seem to behave more similarly to a tumor rather than an odontogenic cyst regarding its p53 expression and the classification of this lesion into Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor should be carefully revaluated., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript., (Copyright © 2021 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The snail Pseudosuccinea columella participates in the distribution of Fasciola hepatica in the environment by acting as its intermediate host. Therefore, the control of this lymnaeid is one of the ways to prevent hepatic fascioliasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of P. columella to infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis baujardi in laboratory conditions, as well as to investigate aspects related to the biochemistry and histopathology of snails exposed or not to the EPNs during three weeks. The EPN exposure induced significant reductions in the concentrations of glucose, total proteins and glycogen (gonad-digestive gland complex) in the snails during the onset of the infection, with the levels being restored as the infection progresses. These alterations were accompanied by increased hemolymph activities of aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the concentrations of uric acid after the first and second weeks of the experiment. The histopathological analyses of the exposed snails revealed cell necrosis at the end of the first week, tissue inflammatory reactions one and two weeks after exposure, and degeneration three weeks afterward in comparison with the unexposed snails. Finally, scanning electronic microscopy revealed proliferation of fibrous connective tissue three weeks after exposure. The results indicate that P. columella is susceptible to H. baujardi. The exposure favored the establishment of a negative energy balance, increased the activity of enzymes related to tissue damages and promoted accumulation of nitrogen compounds in the host snails. Additionally, was observed in P. columella exposed to the EPNs, significant tissue lesions, and demonstrated the strong pathogenic potential of H. baujardi, indicating its possible application for biological control of this snail., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To assess the analgesia and side effects of codeine phosphate associated with paracetamol (test medication) as compared to paracetamol (control medication) after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars., Materials and Methods: Forty-seven patients removed the right and left impacted mandibular third molars. After one surgery, patients took the test medication and after the other surgery, they took the control medication. Patients with exacerbated pain were prescribed to use the rescue medication instead of the medication initially administered and were included in the rescue group. They were evaluated for 7 days postoperatively, and the mean score of the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain between test and control medications was assessed by the Poisson distribution. The side effects of these medications were assessed by the patient's complaints. A P value of < .05 was considered to be statistically significant., Results: The mean score of the VAS of pain was not statistically different between test and control medications in the non-rescue group, but it was significantly greater in patients previously using paracetamol in the rescue group. The most common side effects reported in both groups, predominantly in patients using the test medication, were drowsiness, dizziness, and nausea., Conclusion: The use of codeine phosphate associated with paracetamol after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is a better choice to control the postoperative pain rather than paracetamol, but with more side effects, which are clinically acceptable.

Purpose: To investigate the residual articular incongruity on computed tomography image data and the early clinical outcome of 3-dimensional planned and navigated intra-articular osteotomies of the distal radius., Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of intra-articular osteotomies executed between 2008 and 2016. We identified 37 patients (aged 26-73 years) and performed a combined intra-articular and extra-articular osteotomy on 20 patients. A preoperative 3-dimensional plan with the superimposed bone of the contralateral healthy side was performed in each case to analyze and execute the osteotomy by intraoperative navigation. The residual articular incongruity was assessed by quantification of the maximal stepoff in the coronal or sagittal computed tomography scans. Clinical outcome, including range of motion, grip strength, and return to work, was assessed after a minimum follow-up of 12 months and compared with preoperative measurements., Results: On average, the preoperative intra-articular stepoff was 2.5 mm (±0.6 mm; range, 1.4-4.2 mm) and was significantly reduced to 0.8 mm (±0.2 mm) after surgery. After surgery, 30 patients had a stepoff less than 1 mm; in 7, a stepoff of 1.1 to 1.4 mm was measured. After 1 year, 22 had no pain, 9 had slight pain during heavy work, and 5 had moderate pain with no improvement compared with their preoperative status, although wrist strength and range of motion improved in all 37 patients. One patient underwent a secondary radioscapholunate arthrodeses owing to persistent pain despite a congruent joint with a small residual intra-articular stepoff (0.6 mm)., Conclusions: Intra-articular osteotomies of the distal radius treated by 3-dimensional preoperative planning and patient-specific guides are an accurate technique to reduce articular incongruity to an average stepoff of 0.8 mm (range, 0.3-1.4 mm). The early clinical outcomes demonstrated overall reduction in pain and improvement of range of motion and grip strength in 36 of 37 patients., Type of Study/level of Evidence: Therapeutic IV., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study is to find out if the biological behavior and the capacity of the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) in maintaining pathologic cells alive are more similar to the dentigerous cyst or to the ameloblastoma by assessing bcl-2. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus for immunohistochemical studies reporting OKCs, dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastomas. Risk difference between the lesions expressing bcl-2 was the effect measure and a P value < 0.05 was considered to provide evidence to the effect estimates. OKCs have an estimated difference of 91% in the probability to express the bcl-2 over dentigerous cysts, but there is no difference in the expression of bcl-2 between OKCs and ameloblastomas. The present study demonstrated a great risk difference in the expression of bcl-2 between OKCs and dentigerous cysts and no risk difference between OKCs and ameloblastomas. OKC's growth may indirectly be attributed to the anti-apoptotic effect of bcl-2 in the cystic epithelium and not only to the increase of its intraluminal pressure. Therefore, the classification of this lesion into keratocystic odontogenic tumor should be carefully reconsidered.

Purpose: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare malignant tumor that arises outside the bone marrow and usually occurs concomitantly or after the acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of the present study is to report an extremely rare case of a patient with an MS arising in the maxillofacial region before the onset of AML to serve as a guide on how to conduct the initial assessment and diagnosis of similar cases., Materials and Methods: A 29-year-old healthy man complained of a "swelling on the head," which was rapidly increasing. He was asymptomatic and never had a previous AML., Results: The patient presented a large mass on the left temporal region. The computed tomography showed a well-delimited lesion extending from the lateral pterygoid muscle and involving the zygomatic arch and lateral orbital rim. The mass was diagnosed as an MS arising before the onset of the AML., Conclusion: Masses of a rapid increase in the maxillofacial region should always raise suspicion of being an MS even in asymptomatic patients. Following a protocol of initial assessment and diagnosis will decrease the period between the initial appearance of the MS and effective treatment aimed to prevent or delay the manifestation of leukemia, improving the prognosis and survival of these patients.

Purpose: Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that provides good clinical results such as the improvement of jaw movements. It also helps to balance the synovial liquid viscosity and relieve TMJ pain by the washout of inflammatory components from the upper compartment. The purpose of this study is to report a case series of patients submitted to a clinical-based protocol of diagnosis of TMJ joint open lock and treatment with arthrocentesis., Material and Methods: Patients suffering from a recurrent unilateral open lock of the TMJ were submitted to one arthrocentesis of the affected TMJ and all of them reported that the open lock was caused by daily stomatognathic activities. To decide the arthrocentesis as the initial treatment of these patients, the authors followed a rational protocol of diagnosis., Results: Ten patients were included in the present study. No complications occurred during arthrocentesis. Immediately, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after arthrocentesis, patients did not suffer from open lock or disc click anymore. They also reported no more pain because it was strictly related to the disc click., Conclusions: All patients of the present study improved from the open lock and disc click of the affected TMJ for 6 months after arthrocentesis. The clinical-based protocol of diagnosis of TMJ open lock reported in the present study, followed by the treatment with arthrocentesis is a reasonable, low-cost, and safe method to treat patients with the acute open lock.

Body composition can have a significant impact on bone mineral density (BMD) in pediatric patients and may cause bone disease. This study demonstrated that lean soft tissue (LST) seems to have a greater impact on BMD gain in the lower limbs of adolescents., Purpose: To analyze the impact of changes in lean soft tissue (LST) and fat mass on areal bone mineral density (BMD) accrual in the lower limbs among adolescents engaged in sports with different weight-bearing levels., Methods: Longitudinal (12 months: measurements at two time points). Adolescents of both sexes (n = 191; 62 girls [32.5%] and 129 boys [67.5%]) were divided into three groups: control group (n = 65), swimming group (n = 25), and weight-bearing sports group (n = 100). Absolute changes in LST (kg) and fat mass (kg) were the independent variables, while BMD accrual (left and right legs) was the dependent variable. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables in a multivariate model adjusted by sex, body weight, somatic maturation, serum osteocalcin, and baseline values of BMD of the lower limbs., Results: For the left leg, LST was positively related to areal BMD accrual in the control (β = 0.021 [95%CI: 0.001 to 0.042]) and weight-bearing sport groups (β = 0.051 [95%CI: 0.037 to 0.065]), but not among swimmers (β = 0.029 [95%CI: - 0.004 to 0.062]). For the right leg, LST was positively related to areal BMD accrual in the swimming group (β = 0.065 [95%CI: 0.031 to 0.100]) and weight-bearing sport groups (β = 0.048 [95%CI: 0.034 to 0.062]), but not in the control group (β = 0.014 [95%CI: - 0.002 to 0.030]). Fat mass was not significantly related to areal BMD in either leg., Conclusions: Changes in LST were the most relevant determinant of BMD accrual in the lower limbs, mainly among adolescents engaged in sports.

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to gain insight in the actual ratio of odontogenic keratocysts occurring in the tooth-bearing area as compared to the posterior region of the jaws in order to come up with reliable data to base upon a rational treatment policy., Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting on the location of mandibular and maxillary odontogenic keratocysts. All records were independently assessed and a meta-analysis was performed. Risk difference with a confidence interval of 95% of having the lesion in the posterior region versus the tooth-bearing area was the effect measure. P value for the summary effect of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The 2615 records retrieved were reduced to 34 studies to be qualitatively/quantitatively assessed. The pooled values showed that the difference in the clinical risk of having keratocysts in the posterior region of the mandible and in the tooth-bearing area of the maxilla is 21 and 43%, respectively (P < 0.02 and P < 0.00001)., Conclusions: A substantial amount of keratocysts occur in the tooth-bearing area of the jaws, requiring attention.

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine whether marsupialization before definitive enucleation of nonsyndromic odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) is capable of decreasing the recurrence rate more effectively than just enucleation., Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, until August 5th of 2017 for original studies reporting on the treatment of OKCs with and without previous marsupialization and the related recurrence rate. All records and data were independently assessed, meta-analysis was performed, and the odds ratio of recurrence was the effect measure; P value for the summary effect of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The 748 records retrieved were reduced to 6 studies to be qualitatively assessed and 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall odds ratio of 0.57 [0.25-1.28] of the pooled values pointed that marsupialization reduced the recurrence rate in comparison to just enucleation; however, the P value showed that there is no strong evidence to support this statement., Conclusions: Marsupialization followed by enucleation after 12 to 18 months reduces the recurrence rate, but more studies are necessary to support this statement.

Purpose: Determine if conservative surgery of primary solid/multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA) is capable of decreasing the recurrence rate as effectively as radical surgery., Methods: We searched in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library for original studies reporting on the conservative or radical treatment of primary SMA and the related recurrence rate. All selected data were independently assessed. Meta-analysis was performed and the Relative Risk (RR) of recurrence with a confidence interval of 95% was the effect measure. P value for the summary effect of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The 2647 records retrieved were reduced to 7 studies to be qualitatively assessed and 4 studies were included in the meta-analysis. RR of 1.88 [0.59, 5.95] of the pooled values pointed that recurrence rate after the conservative surgery is neither comparable nor lower than the radical surgery (P = 0.28)., Conclusions: Conservative surgery does not reduce the recurrence rate as efficiently as radical surgery for primary SMA. However, there is not enough evidence to support this statement.

This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Euterpe oleracea extract (açaí) on the growth and survival of endometriotic lesions using an experimental model. Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups after the implantation and establishment of autologous endometrium onto the peritoneum abdominal wall and treated with 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic solution extract from açaí stone or vehicle via gastric tube for 30 consecutive days. Body weight, lesion surface areas, histological and immunohistochemistry analyses of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and F4-80 were performed. Levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 mRNA were measured. Flow cytometry of F4-80 was performed, and ELISA immunoassays measured prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), VEGF and nitric oxide (NO) and concentrations. Macrophage cell line J774.G8 was treated with 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of açaí for 24, 48 and 72 h, and cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Açaí treatment significantly decreased the implant size, and histological examination indicated atrophy and regression. A reduction in immunostaining and mRNA expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and COX-2 was observed, and F4-80 was lower in the treated group than the control group. The treated group also exhibited lower concentrations of PGE2, VEGF and NO compared to the control group. Macrophages cells treated with 20 and 40 μg/ml of açaí reduced cell viability in about 50% after 24, 48 and 72 h. Our results suggest that açaí effectively suppressed the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions, and this agent is a promising novel pharmacological therapeutic treatment for endometriosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

The work overload, relationship and communication problems, institution's characteristics and ambiental pollution were the stressing organization agents with the greatest punctuation in this study composed by 30 nurses. The work planning, work humanization, suitable human resources, improving communication and continued education were the suggestions given by nurses to minimize these stressing organizational agents. Analysing the stressing extra organizational agents, economic and familiar problems, work distance and transportation to work, were the most pointed.