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In order to follow the spatial and temporal evolution of neuronal damage, cellular activation and stress responses subsequent to lithium-pilocarpine seizures of various durations in the adult rat, we analyzed the expression of Fos protein and local cerebral glucose utilization as markers of cellular activation, HSP72 immunoreactivity and acid fuchsin staining as indicators of cellular stress and injury, and Cresyl violet staining for the assessment of neuronal damage. The expression of Fos appeared very early, 2-30 min after the onset of polyspikes and intensified during the following 4 h. Fos immunoreactivity was especially high in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, amygdala and anterior olfactory nuclei. Local cerebral glucose utilization measured during the second hour of seizures was largely increased (350-580%) over control levels in cortical areas, amygdala, dentate gyrus, caudate nucleus and mediodorsal thalamus. HSP72 immunoreactivity never appeared earlier than 40-50 min after the onset of polyspikes, and was most prominent in hippocampal CA3 area, cerebral cortex (except the piriform cortex) and anterior olfactory nuclei. Acid fuchsin staining was maximal in the piriform cortex and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus. Staining was moderate in the sensorimotor cortex and the amygdala. Neuronal damage was extensive in the piriform and entorhinal cortices, the hippocampal CA3 area and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus, basal amygdala, mediodorsal thalamus and anterior olfactory nuclei. In conclusion, the present study shows that brain regions with the highest expression of Fos and the largest metabolic activation were also highly stained with acid fuchsin and most heavily damaged. Conversely, there is no clear relationship between HSP72 expression, cellular activation and neuronal damage.

Copyright of Educacao e Pesquisa is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to present an analysis resulting from the research on the graduates of the Institutional Program for Teaching Initiation Scholarship (PIBID) of Universidade Estadual Paulista. The evaluation of the implementation of an action related to public policy is always necessary as a method not only of analysis, but mainly as a possibility of redirection and/or adjustments based on elements from its execution. A look at and from the graduates of UNESP brings contributions to the evaluation of university degree courses, a strategic factor for the definition of an institutional policy for teacher education. The analysis in question refers to data collected through the Google Docs Questionnaire, sent to 127 graduates, with 51 respondents returning. From the answers, it was possible to trace the profile and identify the main characteristics about the group of graduates, as well as about their professional performance. The data also showed that some important elements of the Program were appropriated by the graduates in the building of the way of being a teacher. Indeed, these results, added to other institutional data, may favor reflection not only on the PIBID, but also on the formation of teachers at the university, which, with its multicampi characteristic, has in the undergraduate courses one of its main pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article problematizes the formative actions destined to coordinating teachers (PC) in the state education network of São Paulo. The data analyzed are based on a documentary survey on continuing education offered by the State Secretariat, especially by the School of Teacher Training (EFAP), from 2010 to 2018. Fragilities have been identified in the training actions directed at those who in the schools carry out the continuous training of teachers. There is a predominance of short duration actions, in the distance modality, organized in a traditional perspective and disarticulated of the collective pedagogical organization of the schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colloquium Vitae is the property of Asociacao Prudentina de Educacao e Cultura (APEC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In adult rats, the administration of lithium-pilocarpine (LiPilo) reproduces most clinical and neuropathological features of human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Carisbamate (CRS) possesses the property of modifying epileptogenesis in this model. Indeed, about 50% of rats subjected to LiPilo status epilepticus (SE) develop non-convulsive seizures (NCS) instead of motor seizures when treated with CRS. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. The aim of this study was to perform a proteomic analysis in the hippocampus of rats receiving LiPilo and developing motor seizures or NCS following CRS treatment. Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. SE was induced by LiPilo injection. CRS treatment was initiated at 1 h and 9 h after SE onset and maintained for 7 days, twice daily. Four groups were studied after video-EEG control of the occurrence of motor seizures: a control group receiving saline (CT n = 3) and three groups that underwent SE: rats treated with diazepam (DZP n = 4), rats treated with CRS displaying NCS (CRS-NCS n = 4) or motor seizures (CRS-TLE n = 4). Proteomic analysis was conducted by 2D-SDS-PAGE. Twenty-four proteins were found altered. In the CRS-NCS group, proteins related to glycolysis and ATP synthesis were down-regulated while proteins associated with pyruvate catabolism were up-regulated. Moreover, among the other proteins differentially expressed, we found proteins related to inflammatory processes, protein folding, tissue regeneration, response to oxidative stress, gene expression, biogenesis of synaptic vesicles, signal transduction, axonal transport, microtubule formation, cell survival, and neuronal plasticity. Our results suggest a global reduction of glycolysis and cellular energy production that might affect brain excitability. In addition, CRS seems to modulate proteins related to many other pathways that could significantly participate in the epileptogenesis-modifying effect observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To evaluate a potential insult in the cerebellum of pups exposed to maternal epileptic seizures during intrauterine life, female rats were subjected to pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Pups from different litters were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 post-natal days (PN) and neuroglobin (Ngb) and gliosis were analyzed in the cerebellum by Western blotting (WB) and RT-PCR. 14C-l-leucine-[14C-Leu] incorporation was used to analyze protein synthesis at PN1. Nitric Oxide (NO) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels were also measured. Pups from naive mothers were used as controls. The mRNA level of Ngb was increased in experimental animals at PN1 (** p ≤0.001) and PN3 (** p ≤0.001), at PN7 (*** p ≤0.0001) and at PN14 (** p ≤0.001) compared to the respective controls. The protein level of Ngb increased significantly in the experimental pups at PN1 (* p ≤0.05) and at PN3 (** p ≤0.001), when compared to the control pups at PN1 and PN3. At PN7 and PN14 no difference was found. The mRNA level of GFAP increased significantly about two times at PN3 (* p ≤0.05) and PN7 (* p ≤0.05) in the experimental pups when compared to the respective controls, but was unchanged in the other studied ages. Data showed that experimental pups at PN1 exhibited reduced (about 2 times, * p ≤0.05) total protein synthesis in the cerebellum when compared to control. No differences were found in the NO and TBARS levels. Our data support the hypothesis that an up-regulation of Ngb could be a compensatory mechanism in response to the hypoxic–ischemic insults caused by seizures in pups during intrauterine life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

his study evaluated, using local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (LCMRglu) in 39 brain regions, whether physical training modifies the functional activity in rats with epilepsy. Most animals present seizures at rest rather than during exercise and LCMRglu was measured during the interictal phase of the chronic period of a pilocarpine model of epilepsy by the [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. Wistar rats were allocated randomly into four groups: control rats (n=6), rats with epilepsy (n=6), trained control rats (n=6), and trained rats with epilepsy (n=6). Trained control rats did not show significant changes in LCMRglu when compared to control rats. LCMRglu was significantly higher in rats with epilepsy in the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus and in the visual cortex compared to control rats. Trained rats with epilepsy presented a higher LCMRglu than rats with epilepsy only in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex. Increases in LCMRglu were also observed in the inferior colliculus of trained rats with epilepsy when compared to the trained control rats. Taken together, the results suggest that physical training does not influence interictal LCMRglu metabolism in most cerebral regions of rats with epilepsy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effects of repetitive pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in the hippocampal Na+/K+ATPase activity were studied in developing rat. Na+/K+ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme responsible for the active transport of sodium and potassium ions through the membrane. It is necessary to maintain neuronal excitability. The malfunction of this enzyme has been associated with neuronal hyperexcitability. The pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in developing rats leads to neuronal hyperexcitability and brain damage. We examined the activity of the Na+/K+ATPase enzyme in hippocampus of rats submitted to 1 episode of status epilepticus on postnatal day 9 and to 3 episodes of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus on postnatal days 7, 8 and 9. Our findings showed that one status epilepticus episode does not modify the Na+/K+ATPase activity in hippocampus of rats studied 7 or 30 days later (at P16 or P39). However, an increase in the Na+/K+ATPase activity was detected in hippocampus of rats submitted to three consecutive status epilepticus during the development studied 7 (+142%) and 30 (+400%) days following the injections. In addition, a significant reduction in the Na+/K+ATPase activity was observed in control rats at P39 compared to P16. Our data suggest that multiple pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in developing rats induce long-lasting increase in the Na+/K+ATPase activity in the hippocampus, reflecting hyperexcitability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Studies have confirmed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used for treatment of several nervous system diseases. However, isolation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) is an invasive and painful process and the yield is very low. Therefore, there is a need to search for other alterative stem cell sources. Adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) have phenotypic and gene expression profiles similar to those of BMSCs. The production of ADSCs is greater than that of BMSCs, and ADSCs proliferate faster than BMSCs. To compare the effects of venous grafts containing BMSCs or ADSCs on sciatic nerve injury, in this study, rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (only sciatic nerve exposed), Matrigel (MG; sciatic nerve injury + intravenous transplantation of MG vehicle), ADSCs (sciatic nerve injury + intravenous MG containing ADSCs), and BMSCs (sciatic nerve injury + intravenous MG containing BMSCs) groups. Sciatic functional index was calculated to evaluate the function of injured sciatic nerve. Morphologic characteristics of nerves distal to the lesion were observed by toluidine blue staining. Spinal motor neurons labeled with Fluoro-Gold were quantitatively assessed. Compared with sham-operated rats, sciatic functional index was lower, the density of small-diameter fibers was significantly increased, and the number of motor neurons significantly decreased in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Neither ADSCs nor BMSCs significantly improved the sciatic nerve function of rats with sciatic nerve injury, increased fiber density, fiber diameters, axonal diameters, myelin sheath thickness, and G ratios (axonal diameter/fiber diameter ratios) in the sciatic nerve distal to the lesion site. There was no significant difference in the number of spinal motor neurons among ADSCs, BMSCs and MG groups. These results suggest that neither BMSCs nor ADSCs provide satisfactory results for peripheral nerve repair when using MG as the conductor for engraftment., Competing Interests: None declared.

The effects of repetitive pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in the hippocampal Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity were studied in developing rat. Na(+)/K(+)ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme responsible for the active transport of sodium and potassium ions through the membrane. It is necessary to maintain neuronal excitability. The malfunction of this enzyme has been associated with neuronal hyperexcitability. The pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in developing rats leads to neuronal hyperexcitability and brain damage. We examined the activity of the Na(+)/K(+)ATPase enzyme in hippocampus of rats submitted to 1 episode of status epilepticus on postnatal day 9 and to 3 episodes of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus on postnatal days 7, 8 and 9. Our findings showed that one status epilepticus episode does not modify the Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity in hippocampus of rats studied 7 or 30 days later (at P16 or P39). However, an increase in the Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity was detected in hippocampus of rats submitted to three consecutive status epilepticus during the development studied 7 (+142%) and 30 (+400%) days following the injections. In addition, a significant reduction in the Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity was observed in control rats at P39 compared to P16. Our data suggest that multiple pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in developing rats induce long-lasting increase in the Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity in the hippocampus, reflecting hyperexcitability.