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The potato is a staple in the daily diet of the Colombian and Latin American population, where in Nariño its production is massive and it is a very important agricultural product and the basis of food security throughout Colombia, hence its estimate, where, due to the extensive monocultures it has become the crop with the highest incidence of pests and diseases. Herein lies the urgency and importance of this methodology that proposes solutions when implementing technologies and devices such as drones and sensors of different types that help determine variables that influence this incidence of these pests, and that reduce losses both in production and in quality. Hence, this study carried out in the Obonuco district, aimed to analyze some simple variables of the potato crop, thus finding average temperature values "‹"‹of 15.7 oC, a pH range of 7.3, a very low average conductivity of 0.07 μS / m, the relative humidity was 57.18%, where when mapping these variables, several segments were generated that could be easily understood by the producer, which generated good recommendations for making decisions when controlling pests, diseases and counteracting the bad formation of tubers, especially in the segment where there was a higher humidity value since by keeping this variable moderate, a good control of pests due to rotting of the potato crop is ensured, which is very incident in the study area. A batata é um alimento básico na dieta diária da população colombiana e latino-americana. No Departamento de Nariño sua produção é massiva, sendo um produto agrícola muito importante e base da segurança alimentar na Colômbia. Pelo fato de ser cultivada extensivamente como monocultura, tornou-se a cultura com maior incidência de pragas e doenças na região. Assim se justifica a urgência e a importância desta metodologia que propõe soluções na implementação de tecnologias e dispositivos como drones e sensores de diferentes tipos que ajudam a determinar variáveis "‹"‹que influenciam a incidência destas pragas, e que reduzem as perdas tanto na produção como na qualidade do produto. Assim, este estudo realizado no distrito de Obonuco, teve como objetivo analisar algumas variáveis "‹"‹simples da cultura da batata. Observou-se valores médios de temperatura de 15,7 oC, um intervalo de pH de 7,3, uma condutividade média muito baixa de 0,07 μS/m, umidade relativa do ar de 57,18%. Por meio do mapeamento dessas variáveis "‹"‹foram gerados diversos segmentos que podem ser facilmente compreendidos pelo produtor, gerando recomendações para a tomada de decisões no controle de pragas, doenças e no combate í má formação de tubérculos, principalmente no segmento onde observou-se maior umidade, pois ao manter essa variável moderada, é garantido um bom controle de pragas, além de evitar o apodrecimento da cultura da batata, o que é muito incidente na área de estudo. La papa es un alimento básico en la dieta diaria de la población Colombiana y de Latinoamérica, donde en Nariño su producción es masiva y es un muy importante producto agrícola y base de la seguridad alimentaria en toda Colombia, de allí su estimación, donde, debido a los extensos monocultivos se ha convertido en el cultivo con mayor cantidad de incidencia de plagas y enfermedades. Aquí radica, la urgencia e importancia de esta metodología que plantea soluciones al implementar tecnologías y dispositivos como drones y sensores de diferentes tipos que ayuden a determinar variables que influyan en esta incidencia de estas plagas, y que reduzcas las perdidas tanto en producción cuanto en calidad. De allí que este estudio realizado en el corregimiento de Obonuco, tuvo como finalidad analizar algunas variables simples del cultivo de papa, encontrando así valores de temperatura promedio de 15.7 oC, un rango de pH de 7.3, una conductividad promedio muy baja de 0.07 μS/m, la humedad relativa fue de 57,18%, donde al mapear estas variables se generaron varios segmentos de fácil comprensión al productor que genero buenas recomendaciones para la toma decisiones al momento de controlar plagas, enfermedades y contrarrestar la mal formación de los tubérculos, sobre todo en el segmento donde se tenía mayor valor de humedad ya que al mantener esta variable moderada se asegura un buen control de plagas por podrición del cultivo de papa que es muy incidente en la zona de estudio.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-01 In our study, we aimed to investigate the influence of landscape patterns on the diversity of birds in four urban parks. The parks are located in a region that has a high value of regional biodiversity and is also highly urbanized (Jundiai, state of São Paulo [SP], in Southeastern Brazil). Using a set of aerial photos, the surrounding landscape was divided into two regions (rings) and corresponding landscape metrics were calculated. The presence of bird species was recorded monthly over a one-year period and classified according to selected ecological criteria. The land cover of the areas surrounding each park was primarily buildings and residences. Bird diversity was significantly correlated with the presence/proximity of water bodies. We state that the potential of the parks to harbor bird species is not negligible. Managing the area surrounding a park to increase the percentage of forested area and the size of forest fragments is as crucial as managing the core park area, especially for improving its attractiveness for new bird species. Independent technical advisor (specialist) in projects that involve ornithological studies Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue West Lafayette Environmental Engineering Department São Paulo State University, Campus Sorocaba Environmental Engineering Department São Paulo State University, Campus Sorocaba

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 Environmental Engineering Department, São Paulo State University, Campus Sorocaba Geoprocessing Lab, Transportation Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of São Paulo Isotope Ecology Laboratory (CENA), University of São Paulo National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory Center of Stable Isotopes, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University Laboratoire du Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogeochimie des Sols et des Agro-Ecosystemes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Center for Monitoring and Natural Disasters Alert, Brazilian National Institute for Spatial Research Department of Sanitation and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism, University of Campinas Environmental Engineering Department, São Paulo State University, Campus Sorocaba Center of Stable Isotopes, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-15 Aim: In this paper we estimate the sediment yield and other related information for a small urbanized watershed, located in Sorocaba, São Paulo State. The driving forces that produce the observed scenario are presented and discussed; Methods: Over a year, water samples and hydrologic information concerning the river channel were collected monthly at one sampling site. In the laboratory, water samples were oven dried (80 °C) and the total suspended solid weighed for each sample. To estimate sediment yield we used Colby's simplified method. The sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was estimated using two methods: the relief - length ratio and the bifurcation ratio; Results: The annual sediment yield estimated for the period was 1,636.1 t. The total specific sediment yield was 541.7 t. km-2.y-1. Bedload was the predominant fraction. The SDR changed between 60 and 66% according to the method employed. Conclusions: The main driving forces of hydrosedimentological disequilibrium are the lack of riparian vegetation, the dumping of construction wastes at inadequate sites, and the launching of untreated sewage. Hence, if these three factors were controlled, a significant improvement in the environmental quality, particularly water quality, might be achieved. Núcleo de Automação e Tecnologias Limpas Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Sorocaba, CEP 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP Grupo de Plasmas e Materiais Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Sorocaba, CEP 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP Núcleo de Automação e Tecnologias Limpas Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Sorocaba, CEP 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP Grupo de Plasmas e Materiais Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Sorocaba, CEP 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:37:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:12:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:09Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Agricultural activity has direct consequences on the soil and water quality. Thus, assessing environmental impacts of this vital economic activity, through soil attribute analysis, is essential to the proposal of alternatives. The aim of this study was to analyze soil quality under different land management practices, conventional and organic. The study was carried out in a watershed of the Ibiuna municipality, SP, Brazil, an important supplier of agricultural products for the São Paulo metropolitan area. A hundred samples were collected, 20 in each type of land use: reforested areas, native vegetation, pasture, conventional cultivation and organic cultivation. The soil resistance to penetration, its pH (in water and KO), electrical conductivity, bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil color, soil texture and the percentages of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed. The data were statistically analyzed, searching for significant differences. The results of soil analysis showed great similarity between the organic and conventional culture, with no statistical differences. However, organic cultivation showed greater similarity to the soil of native vegetation in the percentage of carbon and nitrogen in soils compared to conventional culture. Thus, the discussion begins on a topic very little explored so far, and the results obtained should be further studied. Univ São Paulo, Escola Politecn, Dept Engn Transportes, Lab Geoproc, BR-09500900 São Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil UNESP, Sorocaba, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil UNESP, Sorocaba, Brazil

Natural Potential for Erosion for Brazilian Territory

Soil surface roughness is identified as one of the controlling factors governing runoff and soil loss. Yet, most studies pay little attention to soil surface roughness. In this study, we analyzed the influence of surface roughness on runoff and soil erosion rates. Bulk samples of a silt loam soil were collected and sieved to 4 aggregate sizes: 0.003-0.012, 0.012-0.02, 0.02-0.045, 0.045-0.1 m. The aggregates were packed in a 0.60 by 1.2 m soil tray, which was set at a slope of 5%. Rainfall simulations using an oscillating nozzle simulator were executed for 90 min at intensity of 50.2 mm.h-1. The surface microtopography was digitized by an instantaneous profile laser scanner before and after the rainfall application. From the laser scanner data, a digital elevation model was produced and a roughness factor extracted. The data revealed longer times to runoff with increasing soil surface roughness as surface depressions first had to be filled before runoff could take place. Once channels were interconnected, runoff velocity and runoff amount increased as aggregates were broken down and depressions were filled. Rough surfaces were smoothed throughout the rainfall event, diminishing the effect on runoff. Final wash rates were comparable for all different applications. The simulations reveal that the significance of soil surface roughness effect is the delay in runoff for rougher surfaces rather than the decrease of soil erosion amount.

"A close relation exists between the land cover situation and the environmental conditions of local wildlife species. This paper aimed to analyze the alterations of the land cover in two periods (1988/1995 and 1995/2003) regarding changes or persistence of the each land cover class and habitat assessment (establishment of categories of habitat quality) for a place in Brazilian Southeastern region. The study was carried out using digital land cover maps of the study area. Using a routine of GIS software, data were analyzed and the thematic maps generated. The data indicates that the region presented a dynamic land cover change, where almost a half of the study area presented changing in the land cover during the studied period. Major portion of the study area (~80%) was considered unsuitable for wildlife species establishment. It is urgent the necessity for a territorial reorganization in some regions aiming the construction of a biodiversity corridor to avoid a total isolation of the patches classified as primary habitat. The recovery of riparian forests along the rivers could accomplish it."

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:23:48Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Accelerated soil erosion is, at present, one of the most widespread environmental problems in the world. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become an essential tool in soil erosion studies and consequently in the development of appropriate soil conservation strategies. The objective of this paper was to assess the degree of soil erosion associated with land cover dynamics through GIS analysis and to validate the modeling with indicators of soil erosion. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model, GIS technology and ground-truth dataset (erosion indicators) were employed to elaborate the soil loss maps for four dates at Sorocaba Municipality (SP, Brazil). It was verified that, although the predicted soil loss rate is normally small along the study area, such rate is significantly greater than the soil formation rate. This shows a non-sustainable situation of soil and land cover management. Unplanned urban expansion seems be the main driving force that acts in increasing the erosion risk/occurrence along the study area. Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental UNESP, Campus Sorocaba, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Bairro Altos da Boa Vista-Sorocaba-SP Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental UNESP, Campus Sorocaba, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Bairro Altos da Boa Vista-Sorocaba-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T18:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 In this paper the C factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation was estimated for a mulch of yard debris, disposed on the surface of sandy red yellow latossol (Hapludox - Oxisol). The experiment was conducted at the city of Itirapina, state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the heavy rain period from January 1st to March 31st, 1996. The value of the C factor estimated for that period was 0.075. The material presented satisfactory effectiveness to control soil erosion. Further studies are needed to evaluate the combined effect of this mulch as soil erosion controlling material and organic fertilizer. Inst. de Biociencias de Rio Claro, SP UNESP Esc. de Engenharia de S. Carlos Ctro. Ener. Nucl. a Agric. (CENA), Avenida Centenario, 303, Piracicaba, SP Fund. Univ. Regional de Blumenau, SC UNESP Esc. de Engenharia de S. Carlos Ctro. Ener. Nucl. a Agric. (CENA), Avenida Centenario, 303, Piracicaba, SP

Neste trabalho estima-se o valor do fator C da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo para uma cobertura vegetal morta formada de resíduos de podas de praças e ruas, dispostos superficialmente sobre um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo fase arenosa, localizado no município de Itirapina (SP). O período considerado para análise é de 1o de janeiro a 31 de março de 1996. O valor estimado do fator C para o período de estudo foi 0,075. Conclui-se que o material demostrou eficiência satisfatória para uso como material de controle da erosão. São necessários estudos complementares para otimizar o uso da cobertura morta como controlador da erosão e como adubo orgânico e sistematização do estudo conjunto com a determinação do fator C. In this paper the C factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation was estimated for a mulch of yard debris, disposed on the surface of sandy red yellow latossol (Hapludox - Oxisol). The experiment was conducted at the city of Itirapina, state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the heavy rain period from January 1st to March 31st, 1996. The value of the C factor estimated for that period was 0.075. The material presented satisfactory effectiveness to control soil erosion. Further studies are needed to evaluate the combined effect of this mulch as soil erosion controlling material and organic fertilizer. En este trabajo se estimó el valor del factor C de la Ecuación Universal de Perdida de Suelos para una cobertura muerta formada por residuos de podas de plazas y calles, colocados sobre un Oxisol fase arenosa, ubicado en el municipio de Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. El período considerado para el análisis fue del 1o de enero al 31 de marzo de 1996. El valor estimado del factor C para el período estudiado fue 0,075. Se concluyó que el material demostró eficiencia satisfactoria para su uso como material para controlar la erosión. Son necesarios estudios complementarios en el sentido de optimizar el uso de esta cobertura muerta como controladora de la erosión y como abono orgánico, bien como sistematizar el estudio simultáneo con la determinación del factor C.