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Professional teacher collaboration, a fundamental characteristic of lesson study, has been pointed out as a principle of teacher personal and professional growth. This article aims to describe and analyze the development of professional collaboration in a lesson study, highlighting the main stages of this process. The investigation involved six elementary school teachers of Brazilian public schools, in planning, observing, and reflecting on a lesson on the curriculum topic of length measure at grade 4. The participants worked collaboratively planning a lesson about this topic. The methodology is qualitative, with data collected by records and field notes of sessions, conversations, and interviews. The analyses pointed out three remarkable stages of the development of professional collaboration, which constituted the categories of analysis: recognition of collaboration, development of collaboration, and valuing collaboration. The results show that the professional collaboration that developed during the lesson study was facilitated by the dynamics of the different steps of this process and, especially, by the relationship between participants and teacher educators. Collaboration emerged from the activities of planning, teaching, observing, and reflecting on the lesson, and was valued given the encouragement and strengthening of the group insofar as teachers felt confident, encouraged, and welcomed in the group.

This study aims to identify how mathematics teachers understand whole-class discussions and to know the influence of lesson study on the way they orchestrate these discussions. This is a qualitative study, conducted with two groups of middle school teachers. We analyze data concerning three teachers, Patrícia, Marta, and Diana, collected through initial individual interviews and observation of three research lessons. Data are analyzed by discourse analysis, establishing a relationship between the discourse about the teachers' understanding of whole-class discussions in the initial interview and their subsequent orchestration of this lesson moment. From this relation, we consider the influence of the lesson studies on the teachers' orchestration practice. The teachers' discourse in the interviews suggest the existence of a tension between their understanding of the goals of a whole-class discussion and their practice in orchestrating the discussion, causing several challenges. The lesson study contributed to lower these tensions and challenges through the definition of a fluid lesson structure and the appreciation, selection and recording of the students' activity, enriching the discussion. However, carrying out effective questioning and managing time proved to be complex challenges that deserve attention from further research.

This research aims to understand how prospective teachers develop their knowledge about whole-class discussions during a lesson study. Following a qualitative approach, we focus on the work of three prospective mathematics teachers preparing, leading, and reflecting on wholeclass discussions. Data was collected through participant observation with field notes, audio recordings, and document collection. The results show that a detailed analysis of a lesson plan, previously prepared autonomously by a prospective teacher based on a guide, promotes a focused discussion and a collaborative environment. Additionally, being involved in each other's formative process, through lesson study micro-cycles, created opportunities for prospective teachers to analyze and discuss different classroom situations, which promoted the development of their knowledge. Finally, classroom experiences seemed to be fundamental for the development of prospective teachers' knowledge. They were able to put into practice the work carried out during the lesson study, which allowed them to link theory and practice, and reflect on their own practice. This research also underlines the importance of the teacher educator's role in creating fruitful opportunities for the development of prospective teachers' knowledge.

Pretendemos contribuir al conocimiento de las dinámicas colaborativas promovidas en un estudio de clase realizado en la formación inicial del profesorado. Analizamos un estudio de clase realizado con futuros profesores de matemáticas y los profesores supervisores y cooperantes. La investigación es cualitativa y los datos se recogieron mediante la observación y entrevistas individuales. Los resultados muestran que el estudio de clase en la formación inicial promueve dinámicas de colaboración a través de la discusión y el intercambio de ideas para alcanzar objetivos comunes. En el desarrollo de esta dinámica, se produjeron situaciones críticas que influyeron en la dinámica del grupo, que resultó positiva.

Abstract Background Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a disease with wide clinical and genetic variation, with seven different subtypes described. Until genetic testing becomes feasible in clinical practice, non-invasive tools are used to evaluate body composition in lipodystrophic patients. This study aimed to analyze the different anthropometric parameters used for screening and diagnosis of FPLD, such as thigh skinfold thickness (TS), Köb index (Köbi), leg fat percentage (LFP), fat mass ratio (FMR) and leg-to-total fat mass ratio in grams (LTR), by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, focusing on determining cutoff points for TS and LFP within a Brazilian population. Methods Thirty-seven patients with FPLD and seventy-four healthy controls matched for body mass index, sex and age were studied. Data were collected through medical record review after signing informed consent. All participants had body fat distribution evaluated by skinfolds and DXA measures. Fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate glycemic and lipid profiles. Genetic studies were carried out on all patients. Two groups were categorized based on genetic testing and/or anthropometric characteristics: FPLD+ (positive genetic test) and FPLD1 (negative genetic testing, but positive clinical/anthropometric criteria for FPLD). Results Eighteen (48.6%) patients were classified as FPLD+, and 19 (51.4%) as FPLD1. Unlike what is described in the literature, the LMNA variant in codon 582 was the most common. Among the main diagnostic parameters of FPLD, a statistical difference was observed between the groups for, Köbi, TS, LFP, FMR, and LTR. A cutoff point of 20 mm for TS in FPLD women was found, which is lower than the value classically described in the literature for the diagnosis of FPLD. Additionally, an LFP

Purpose: This paper focuses on prospective teachers' (PTs) participation in a lesson study (LS) that prompted them to research their own practice. We seek to describe the dimensions of PTs' knowledge of student learning developed during the process and the LS features fostering it. Design/methodology/approach: The participants were two PTs, a teacher educator, a cooperating teacher and a researcher. The LS was integrated into a Portuguese initial elementary teacher education program. Following a qualitative approach, we used participant observation. Findings The PTs developed their knowledge of students' learning of the concept of area in four dimensions: theories; students' interests and expectations; ways students interact with the content and students' strengths and weaknesses in learning the concept. To support this development, the LS design considered follow-up sessions and emphasised collaborative work. Originality/value: This study focuses on PTs researching their practice and disseminating the results, which has been overlooked in previous research of LS with PTs. The results highlight the potential of LS to motivate PTs to research their practice and emphasise the importance of involving them in disseminating LS results.

Este artículo busca caracterizar el uso del lenguaje algebraico por estudiantes de noveno grado, en cuanto a estrategias, significados y dificultades. Discutimos producciones resultantes de la realización de una tarea algebraica por parte de seis alumnos. Los resultados muestran el uso de estrategias simbólicas y estrategias basadas en la reflexión informal y la atribución de significados apropiados a los símbolos, más una disposición limitada para buscar y revisar los significados de las expresiones. Se destacan como principales dificultades de los estudiantes el uso de paréntesis, la multiplicación de monomios y la expresión de relaciones presentes en el contexto del problema.

This investigation adjusted the lesson study (LS) model for the initial teacher education aiming to examine its effect in the development of the pre-service teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) namely, both their knowledge and understanding on how to transform a science topic to make it more understandable for the students. The LS topic was the speed of sound that is taught in the 8th grade. The PCK construct was evaluated, as well as and in terms of both PCK-topic specific knowledge and PCK-pedagogical knowledge. The participants on this investigation were three pre-service teachers. The data were collected through video recording of LS sessions. The qualitative data collection was combined with quantitative and qualitative analysis procedures. The results showed that the LS promoted an improvement on pre-service teachers' PCK as well as in most of the aspects of both PCK-topic specific knowledge and PCK-pedagogical knowledge. PCK's aspect' 'Strategies for pupil self-evaluation' has not improved satisfactorily. These findings suggest that LS should be carried out during the training programs of the science PSTs.

A teaching practice consistent with the development of students' mathematical reasoning requires teachers to hold a profound understanding of mathematical reasoning. The aim of this research is to study the development of middle and secondary mathematics teachers' understanding about the processes of generalizing and justifying in a professional development course. Data collection included observation of the course sessions, with video recordings, and document collection of teachers' and their students' productions. A qualitative in-depth analysis was carried out focusing on the ways and complexity of generalizing identified by the teachers. The results indicate that teachers progressively focus their attention on these reasoning processes, identifying and characterizing them. The way the course was designed and enacted appears to have contributed to enable the teachers to deepen their understanding of two central mathematical reasoning processes, generalizing and justifying, in addition to their ability to foster and identify such processes in the work with their students.

This article discusses how two beginning mathematics teachers mobilize and develop their didactics knowledge, specifically concerning knowledge of statistical content and teaching practice, during a teacher education experience. This work was developed as part of a specialization course for elementary school mathematics teachers, in the subjects Data Analysis I and II. The teacher education course took place in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a qualitative study with an interpretive paradigm, based on a case study with two beginning teachers. The data collected was obtained from sessions by a logbook, audio recordings, and interviews with the teachers after the teacher education course. The course was structured to articulate didactics and statistics knowledge from activities directed to teaching practice. Concerning statistical knowledge, the results show the development of knowledge about different concepts associated with carrying out statistical investigations. Regarding teaching practice, teacher's learning is highlighted to carry out statistical activities of exploratory nature and statistical investigations in the school context.

A partir da análise de um estudo de aula realizado na formação inicial de professores, procuramos compreender como este processo formativo, em particular no que respeita às suas fases de definição dos objetivos de aprendizagem e de planeamento da aula, contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de diversos aspetos do conhecimento didático de duas futuras professoras. Seguimos uma abordagem qualitativa e os dados foram recolhidos através de observação participante, com gravação das sessões. Os resultados mostram que a definição dos objetivos de aprendizagem, tendo por base a discussão de textos e de documentos curriculares, promoveu o desenvolvimento do conhecimento das futuras professoras sobre prática letiva e sobre o currículo. O planeamento das aulas promoveu discussões sobre o design das tarefas, a antecipação do trabalho dos alunos e a preparação da condução da aula, desenvolvendo o seu conhecimento sobre a prática letiva, sobre a Matemática para o ensino e sobre os alunos.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between impulsivity and early trauma through a network analysis in individuals diagnosed with different substance use disorders. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, the sample included 556 men with substance use disorders (195 with alcohol use, 157 with cocaine/crack use, and 214 with polysubstance use). Early trauma and impulsive behavior were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, respectively. The connection between trauma and impulsivity was assessed using network analysis through a fused graphical lasso algorithm. Results: No connection was observed between impulsivity and trauma networks in individuals with alcohol use disorder. In those with cocaine use disorder, networks were linked through the motor domain and sexual abuse nodes. Inverse connections were observed between the emotional neglect node and perseverance, but not the non-planning node. In polysubstance use, the connection between impulsivity and trauma networks was weak, with the cognitive complexity node connecting to the trauma network through physical abuse. There connections were inversely proportional between the motor domain and emotional neglect nodes, as well as between cognitive instability and physical neglect. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the relationship between the type of early (childhood) trauma and the expression of impulsivity could lead to different substance use profiles.

Abstract Habitat choice is fundamental for an animal foraging, defense, and reproduction. Ogre-faced spiders are known for their unusual morphology, natural history, and rarity. They are sit-and-wait predators that build net-like webs that are manipulated by spiders and thrown at their prey. Hunting behavior includes selecting microhabitats for web construction that reduces the likelihood of damage or entanglement in the substrate during prey capture. Therefore, we expect that Deinopis cf. cylindracea selects smooth surfaces to forage on. We observed D. cf. cylindracea associated with smooth trunks of Plinia cauliflora (Myrtaceae) in the natural environment and actively selecting smooth trunks over rough trunks or litter in controlled experiments. Such selection is likely to maximize the foraging strategy of launching the web towards the substrate. Aggregations had occurred more often in the 50 cm trunk closest to the ground, where the prey community is largest. During the day, this spider appears to choose sites where it can adopt a stick-like posture upon the vegetation near the ground. Hunting at night and resting cryptically during the day appears to be shaped by natural selection for the survival and reproduction of this spider species.

Os serious games despontam como ferramentas de ensino que são jogos com um propósito para além do entretenimento, tendo como objetivo a melhoraria de algum aspecto do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Frente a alta prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na população brasileira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o potencial dos serious games como instrumento de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. Para tanto, buscou-se nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e SciELO, artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas inglês e português. Um total de 63 estudos foram identificados, dos quais apenas dez atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos para esta revisão. A maioria dos estudos reportaram desfechos positivos com a utilização dos serious games como ferramenta educativa, encontrando efeitos positivos na retenção dos conhecimentos aprendidos sobre alimentação e nutrição, e a sua utilização se mostrou promissora como uma alternativa às metodologias de ensino tradicionais. Apesar disso, os estudos apresentaram limitações quanto a duração das intervenções e a representatividade do tamanho de suas amostras, indicando a necessidade de futuros estudos com delineamento metodológico que supram tais lacunas. A partir desta revisão, demonstra-se que abordagens gamificadas de educação nutricional parecem promissoras no contexto do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, mas que ainda carecem de padronização metodológica para que intervenções baseadas em serious games sejam validadas como instrumento de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional.

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major cause of disability-adjusted life years in young adults. Pregnancy complications have previously been associated with BD. The current study aimed to examine the association between perinatal factors and BD. Methods: We included 3,794 subjects from the 1993 Pelotas population-based birth cohort study. We assessed 27 variables at birth and modeled BD onset at 18 and 22 years. Bivariate analysis was performed by means of binomial logistic regression models. The variables with p-values less than 0.05 were included in a multiple regression with confounders. Results: Maternal smoking was associated with a 1.42-fold increased risk of BD at 18 or 22 years old (95%CI 1.091-1.841), and maternal passive exposure to tobacco with a 1.43-fold increased risk (95%CI 1.086-1.875). No association was found between other perinatal factors and BD after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: The results of the present cohort study corroborate previous reports in the literature indicating a negative effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy. These findings can be further tested and support the development of strategies to prevent the onset development of BD.

We examine aspects of professional collaboration in a lesson study conducted with mathematics teachers from the final years of basic education belonging to public schools in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The lesson study, conceived as a professional development approach focused on collaboration and reflection, took place in the 2nd semester of the 2019 school year, organized in 12 meetings of 2.5 hours each, and involved 8 tenured teachers in schools belonging to the 15th Regional Education Coordination of that State. The empirical material of the study consisted of the field notes produced at each meeting of the lesson study, the data from an initial questionnaire administered to the teachers, as well as the transcription of the audio recordings of the interviews with the participants and of the sessions of the lesson study. The qualitative and interpretative analysis showed that the dynamics of the lesson study enhanced several basic aspects of collaboration, namely mutual encouragement and support, cooperation and shared reflection.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo, durante la formación inicial, el estudio de clase promueve el desarrollo del conocimiento de los futuros profesores sobre tareas, el trabajo de los alumnos, y la comunicación en clase. Es una investigación basada en el diseño de naturaleza cualitativa. En los resultados, destaca-se el trabajo colaborativo en la planificación detallada de una clase, así como su carácter reflexivo, apoyada en las oportunidades de conducción de la clase. También muestran que es fundamental centrar el trabajo en los aspectos desafiantes para los futuros profesores, proporcionándoles oportunidades para aprender de la práctica.

Purpose: This paper seeks to understand how teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) is developed during a lesson study regarded as a professional development process that places particular emphasis on teachers' knowledge of tasks, representations and students' learning. Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on the networking of two theories, namely the Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMTPG) and MKT. The methodology is qualitative and interpretative. The participants are three primary school teachers and team members involved in a lesson study. Data collection was conducted by means of participant observation, with audio recordings of the sessions and a final individual interview. Findings: The participant teachers developed their knowledge of tasks and representations, which are essential elements of content and teaching knowledge, as well as knowledge of the curriculum, content and students. Additionally, they developed specialized knowledge of mathematics, the meaning of fraction as a measure and its representation on the number line. This development arose from activities conducted in the Domain of Practice, in many cases prompted by the External Domain, and was particularly important when these activities gave rise to unforeseen consequences. Connections among the various domains were established through enactment and reflection processes. Originality/value: The study shows how the networking of two different theories, in this case the IMTPG and MKT, may enhance further understanding of educational phenomena. This networking involved the coordination of these two theories, which were superimposed in the Group Domain.

Purpose: To understand how lesson study (LS) can promote the development of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of prospective primary teachers. More specifically, to know what PCK prospective primary teachers develop during LS and how this development occurs. Design/methodology/approach: Following a qualitative approach, this study took place in a teacher education institution where a LS was carried out during the last semester of the academic year with the participation of two prospective teachers, a teacher educator, a cooperating teacher and a researcher. Findings: The results suggest that prospective teachers may develop PCK when they participate in LS, regarding lesson planning (goals and lesson plan), task design, students' difficulties and solving strategies, whole-class discussions and observation of student learning. This development occurs through the engagement in LS activities that allow prospective teachers to deepen their knowledge. Originality/value: This study investigates how the development of prospective teachers' PCK occurs during LS, providing knowledge about how different activities of the LS help develop different aspects of PCK.

Purpose: This article aims to analyse how a teacher leads whole-class discussions during and after participating in lesson studies and to what extent that participation influences her teaching practice. Design/methodology/approach: This is a qualitative/interpretative research with a case study design, carried out with a secondary school mathematics teacher who participated in two lesson studies. Data were collected from participant observation, audio recording of lesson study (LS) sessions and discussions with the teacher, video recording of lessons and semi-structured interviews. Frameworks regarding the teachers' actions are used in the analysis. Findings: The results suggest that in her teaching practice, the teacher led students to explain their strategies with supporting/guiding actions, but she also challenged the students to justify their productions, ensuring that the students' ideas were clear. Additionally, the teacher explored incorrect strategies and disagreements, inviting and challenging other students to intervene or react and involved students in drawing connections, as discussed in the LS. Therefore, the teacher put into practice several actions teachers can do in leading whole-class discussions to promote students' learning. Participating in LS was an opportunity to rethink her teaching practice, as the teacher pointed out, bringing her a new perspective on leading discussions in which students play an active role in learning mathematics, creating opportunities for the students to explain and react to their colleagues' ideas. Originality/value: This article examines an under-researched issue: the influence of LS on the way a teacher leads whole-class discussions, during and after participating in lesson studies.

Purpose: This research aims to understand the learning with regard to didactic knowledge of an early childhood teacher who participated in a Lesson Study (LS) on the topic of patterns, as well as her perspective about LS as a teacher education process. Design/methodology/approach: This is a qualitative case study of an early childhood teacher who participated in a LS alongside three other colleagues and a facilitator. Data collection was made by participant observation with elaboration of a research journal, audio recording of sessions and a collective interview. Data analysis was made by content analysis based on the conceptual framework. Findings: This case study shows that early childhood teachers may become aware of the importance of working with their children mathematical ideas. It also shows that they may develop their didactic knowledge in several dimensions such as school mathematics, curriculum, children and their learning, and teaching practice and that they may appreciate LS as a means of professional development. Originality/value: This study shows the potential of LS for the professional development of early childhood teachers, a scarcely researched area. It also shows that their learning may include dimensions related to specific curricular areas such as mathematics.

Teachers' professional knowledge has been an active area in the field of mathematics education research in the last decades, but we still know very little regarding how teachers learn. This article aims to identify learning opportunities experienced by two teachers regarding mathematical and didactical knowledge for the teaching of function, in a context of practice-based learning. To this end, we analyze data from a practice-based teacher education program based on a cycle that incorporates three segments of teachers' practice: planning, enacting and reflecting on a high school mathematics lesson, conducted from the perspective of inquiry-based teaching. We analyze two strands of the professional knowledge mobilized by the teachers, namely (i) the mathematics knowledge for teaching function, (ii) the knowledge for teaching practice, regarding function. The results indicate learning opportunities that emerged from the work done, regarding the use of the classroom as a teaching professional learning environment: the search for ways to encourage students to participate in the discussions; the recognition of the potential of the chosen lesson plan for the covariational approach, the importance of organizing mathematical discussion practices for students' learning, organizing the time devoted to whole-class discussions and preparing for leading them and the potential of a class developed from the perspective of inquiry-based teaching.

Introdução: O adenocarcinoma da vesícula biliar é o tumor maligno mais comum das vias biliares, sendo descoberto às vezes incidentalmente após colecistectomia para doenças benignas da vesícula biliar. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e descrever aspectos epidemiológicos observados nos pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar (CIVB) em colecistectomias realizadas entre 2015 e 2022 no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio. Método: Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo, com coleta retrospectiva de dados, em que foram incluídos todos os prontuários de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia eletivas e não eletivas em um hospital público de alta complexidade em Fortaleza, entre janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2022. Os critérios de exclusão foram todos os pacientes que realizaram colecistectomia que apresentavam diagnóstico estabelecido ou presumido de neoplasia da vesícula biliar. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, foram encontrados 1.707 pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia com diagnóstico de colelitíase ou colecistite. Nesse período, houve uma perda de 382 laudos anatomopatológicos, foram excluídos seis pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de neoplasia de vesícula biliar totalizando neste estudo 1.319 pacientes. Destes, nove (0,7%) foram incidentalmente diagnosticados como tendo adenocarcinoma de vesícula biliar após estudo anatomopatológico. Conclusão: Corroborando com a literatura mundial, a prevalência de CIVB neste estudo foi baixa e ocorreu mais frequentemente em pacientes do sexo feminino com mais idade do que aquelas acometidas pela doença benigna da via biliar.

Con base en un estudio de caso, pretendemos comprender en qué medida la participación de una profesora en estudios de clases se refleja en su práctica. La recogida de datos incluyó observación participante (diario de bordo y grabaciones de audio/vídeo), recopilación documental (tareas y planes de clase) y entrevista. Los resultados indican que participar en estudios de clases, planeando discusiones colectivas a partir de respuestas de los alumnos, aportó cambios en la práctica de la profesora. Ella propuso una tarea que permitió a los alumnos hacer conexiones entre representaciones y, en la discusión colectiva, incentivó la participación de varios alumnos y les desafió a ir más allá de la tarea, lo que no hizo en los estudios de clases.

Abstract Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.

Abstract Marine recreational fisheries often lack necessary information to perform assessments and develop sustainable management strategies. In Chile, although reef‐fish fisheries have been signaled as overexploited, there are still no commercial or recreational regulations regarding bans, catch limits, or size limits. We implemented an expert elicitation protocol to propose management measures to regulate recreational reef‐fish harvests of 17 reef‐fish species. Sixteen experts estimated minimum legal sizes, temporal closures, and maximum number of individuals harvested per person per trip (known as “bag limits”). Experts also prioritized management measures for each of 17 reef‐fish species. Maximum number of individuals harvested per person per trip varied between 1 and 7. In addition, permanent bans were recommended for some species, such as acha (Medialuna ancietae), pejeperro (Semicossyphus darwini), and San Pedro (Oplegnathus insignis). We concluded that information gathered through expert elicitation can play a key role to inform data‐poor recreational fishery management. Expert elicitation protocols that include iterative process, based on individual estimates and an open expert discussion phase, provide the necessary enabling environment to identify a variety of management measures. While future challenges include the development of mechanisms to promote acceptability and compliance for recreational fisheries management, the approach presented here is important to initiate much needed discussions.

IntroductionPatients diagnosed with Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) use devices to self-monitor their health and well-being. Little is known about the range of devices, selection, frequency and terms of use and overall utility. We sought to quantify patients' usage and experiences with home digital devices, and further evaluate their perceived utility and barriers to adaptation.MethodsA team of expert clinicians and patient partners interested in self-management approaches designed a 48-question cross-sectional electronic survey; specifically targeted at individuals diagnosed with ILD. The survey was critically appraised by the interdisciplinary self-management group at Royal Devon University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust during a 6-month validation process. The survey was open for participation between September 2021 and December 2022, and responses were collected anonymously. Data were analysed descriptively for quantitative aspects and through thematic analysis for qualitative input.Results104 patients accessed the survey and 89/104 (86%) reported a diagnosis of lung fibrosis, including 46/89 (52%) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with 57/89 (64%) of participants diagnosed >3 years and 59/89 (66%) female. 52/65(80%) were in the UK; 33/65 (51%) reported severe breathlessness medical research council MRC grade 3-4 and 32/65 (49%) disclosed co-morbid arthritis or joint problems. Of these, 18/83 (22%) used a hand- held spirometer, with only 6/17 (35%) advised on how to interpret the readings. Pulse oximetry devices were the most frequently used device by 35/71 (49%) and 20/64 (31%) measured their saturations more than once daily. 29/63 (46%) of respondents reported home-monitoring brought reassurance; of these, for 25/63 (40%) a feeling of control. 10/57 (18%) felt it had a negative effect, citing fluctuating readings as causing stress and 'paranoia'. The most likely help-seeking triggers were worsening breathlessness 53/65 (82%) and low oxygen saturation 43/65 (66%). Nurse specialists were the most frequent source of help 24/63 (38%). Conclusion: Patients can learn appropriate technical skills, yet perceptions of home-monitoring are variable; targeted assessment and tailored support is likely to be beneficial.

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are lesions formed from the abnormal fibroproliferative response to the wound healing process, generating excessive collagen proliferation in the lesions. They generally predominate in female patients and individuals with darker skin tones. The therapeutic approach to these scars can be indicated according to criteria such as functional deficit, size, and wound healing time. In this sense, the present study aimed to conduct a descriptive review of the literature, seeking evidence of treatment over the last five years. The review was carried out based on the PRISMA guideline, using the databases PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Grey Literature between 2018 and 2022. Seven hundred forty articles were found, of which 16 randomized clinical trials were selected. It was demonstrated that keloid management presents a multimodal approach, with no gold standard of treatment with a low recurrence rate. Furthermore, combined therapy with different agents appeared superior to the isolated therapeutic methods in treating these injuries.

Background Opportunities for home-monitoring are increasing exponentially. Home- spirometry is reproducible and reliable in interstitial lung disease (ILD), yet patients’ experiences are not reported. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with ILDs, maintaining health-related quality-of-life is vital. We report our findings from a codesigned, qualitative study capturing the perspectives and experiences of patients using home-spirometry in a UK regional ILD National Health Service England (NHSE) commissioned service.Methods Patients eligible for home-spirometry as routine clinical care, able to give consent and able to access a smart phone were invited to participate. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted at serial time points (baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months), recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.Results We report on the experiences of 10 recruited patients (8 males; median age 66 years, range 50–82 years; 7 diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 3 other ILDs) who generally found spirometry convenient and easy to use, but their relationships with forced vital capacity results were complex. Main themes emerging were: (1) anticipated benefits—to identify change, trigger action and aid understanding of condition; (2) needs—clinical oversight and feedback, understanding of results, ownership, need for data and a need ‘to know’; (3) emotional impact—worry, reassurance, ambivalence/conflicting feelings, reminder of health issues, indifference; (4) ease of home-spirometry—simplicity, convenience and (5) difficulties with home-spirometry—technical issues, technique, physical effort.Conclusion Home-spirometry has many benefits, but in view of the potential risks to psychological well-being, must be considered on an individual basis. Informed consent and decision-making are essential and should be ongoing, acknowledging potential limitations as well as benefits. Healthcare support is vital.

ABSTRACTThis study focused on monitoring the water status of vegetation and soil by exploiting the synergy of optical and microwave satellite data with the aim of improving the knowledge of water cycle in cultivated lands in Egyptian Delta and Tunisian areas. Environmental analysis approaches based on optical and synthetic aperture radar data were carried out to set up the basis for future implementation of practical and cost-effective methods for sustainable water use in agriculture. Long-term behaviors of vegetation indices were thus analyzed between 2000 and 2018. By using SAR data from Sentinel-1, an Artificial Neural Network-based algorithm was implemented for estimating soil moisture and monthly maps for 2018 have been generated to be compared with information derived from optical indices. Moreover, a novel drought severity index was developed and applied to available data. The index was obtained by combining vegetation soil difference index, derived from optical data, and soil moisture content derived from SAR data. The proposed index was found capable of complementing optical and microwave sensitivity to drought-related parameters, although ground data are missing for correctly validating the results, by capturing drought patterns and their temporal evolution better than indices based only on microwave or optical data..

In the research reported in this paper, using a modified version of the interconnected model of teacher professional growth (IMTPG) proposed by Clarke and Hollingsworth (Teaching Teacher Educ 18:947-967, 2002), we aimed to understand the learning dynamics in a lesson study of a group of five teachers of grades 5-6, during their work around mathematical tasks and in the elaboration and analysis of a diagnostic test of students' knowledge. We draw on examples from a lesson study that took place in a school in Lisbon, involving five teachers that constituted the whole mathematics group of the school. The main feature of our adaptation is the consideration of a Group Domain instead of the Personal Domain of the original model. In the original model, the Domain of Practice had a broad definition but usually it was restricted to classroom experimentation. In the research reported in this paper, the lesson study sessions were taken as part of the Domain of Practice. For data collection, there was audio and video recording of the lesson study sessions and of the research lesson and the writing of a research journal. Data analysis was done using the modified IMTPG. The results suggest that this model is helpful in understanding the processes that make lesson study a valuable professional development setting, contributing to responding to the question of 'how lesson study works' (Lewis et al., Theory and practices of lesson study in mathematics: an international perspective, Springer, New York, 2019). In addition, the use of this model showed that the lesson study promoted the teachers' development regarding knowledge of didactics, especially knowledge of students and their learning processes and of teaching practice.

Abstract High implant survival rates have been achieved in recent decades due to continual modifications in implant design and surface topography, however there is still an ongoing quest to control peri-implant bone loss. The objective of this work was to develop Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloys, perform physicochemical and morphological characterization of their surface modified by electrolytic oxidative plasma technique with ions related to osseointegration and lastly evaluate bacterial colonization in vitro. Three groups were evaluated: C group (polished TNZT), CaP group (sodium β glycerophosphate + calcium acetate) and Mg group (magnesium acetate). Before and after anodizing the surfaces, physicochemical and morphological analyses were performed: scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun (FEG-SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (DRX), wettability (goniometer) and roughness (rugometer). Controlled and treated specimens were contaminated with unstimulated saliva collected from 10 healthy volunteers. Then, biofilm samples were collected and up to 35 microbial species, including commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, were identified and quantified by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization method. The CaP group modified the surface morphology in the form of pores, while the Mg group modified it in the form of flakes. The contact angle was significantly smaller in the CaP group. The average roughness was higher in the CaP and Mg groups. A smaller total amount of bacteria was identified in the Mg group and relevant differences were found in the microbial profile associated with different surface treatments. Therefore, considering the microbiological profile and for the prevention of peri-implantitis, the Mg group presented more satisfactory and encouraging results for the manufacture of dental implants Graphical Abstract

Abstract Late osteosynthesis‐associated infection (OAI) is an uncommon and potentially serious disease. Its clinical presentation may mimic skin and soft tissue infection, leading to misdiagnosis. We report the case of a 64 year‐old man with a late OAI in the frontal bone, initially misdiagnosed as an infectious cellulitis. Late OAI can be difficult to suspect, especially if the intervention was performed years ago. Because of misdiagnosis, the symptoms can be masked by the use of antibiotics, so it is of utmost importance to take a detailed clinical history to make an early diagnosis and avoid potential complications. The treatment consists of the use of antibiotics and the replacement of the osteosynthesis material. Therefore, when facing a skin and soft tissue infection of torpid evolution which persists despite correct treatment and a past medical history of underlying osteosynthesis material, late OAI should be considered.

Resumo Introdução: Nos últimos anos, ocorreu um aumento da quantidade de faculdades médicas no Brasil, e, concomitante a isso, houve a ampliação do interesse em melhorar a qualidade do ensino na Medicina. Um questionamento resultante dessa mudança é se esse aumento de faculdades de Medicina implicará a formação de profissionais capazes de atender às demandas da sociedade contemporânea. Uma forma de responder a esse questionamento é conhecer o perfil dos egressos das instituições. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil dos egressos médicos formados em uma instituição de ensino superior do Nordeste do Brasil. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal do tipo pesquisa de campo com abordagem quantitativa. Egressos do curso de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior, formados no período de 2012-2019, foram avaliados por meio de um questionário enviado via e-mail, com perguntas de múltipla escolha. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição. Resultado: Analisaram-se 127 questionários, o que corresponde a uma taxa de resposta de 13,8%, e o sexo feminino predominou ao representar 67,7% da amostra. O conhecimento sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais durante a graduação foi relatado por 24,2% dos participantes. A maioria dos egressos demonstrou satisfação com o curso realizado e sentimento de preparo para atuação profissional como generalista. Em relação à residência médica, 90,5% dos egressos realizaram esse tipo de programa de especialização. A atuação profissional dos egressos na Estratégia Saúde da Família e no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foi identificada em 66,9% e 84,3%, respectivamente. Sentimento de aptidão e de habilidade para lidar com educação em saúde, gestão da saúde e atenção à saúde da população foi identificado na maioria dos egressos. Conclusão: Identificamos uma boa satisfação ao final do curso e um sentimento de confiança para atuação profissional na maioria dos egressos. Aperfeiçoamento por meio de residência médica é um objetivo frequente entre os egressos. O SUS é um campo de trabalho para a maioria destes. Além disso, aptidões recomendadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais foram percebidas pelos egressos ao final da graduação. Futuros trabalhos com amostras maiores e multicêntricos são necessários para a avaliação do perfil dos egressos no Brasil.

Introdução/objetivo: A dengue é uma infecção viral transmitida por fêmeas de mosquitos Aedes aegypti, com grande dispersão pelos trópicos, tendo a sua incidência influenciada por fatores como precipitação, temperatura e rápida urbanização. No Brasil, a doença é considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde pública e tem apresentado um preocupante crescimento. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico da dengue no Brasil no ano de 2022. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico quantitativo descritivo sobre as notificações de casos prováveis de dengue no Brasil no ano de 2022. A pesquisa foi realizada em junho de 2023 através da coleta de dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN/DATASUS). Foram coletados os números de casos prováveis notificados em 2022, por mês, região, Unidade Federativa, faixa etária e evolução do quadro clínico. Resultados: No Brasil, foram notificados 1.409.951 casos prováveis de dengue em 2022, representando aumento de 165,36% em relação a 2021, em que foram feitas 531.336 notificações. Abril foi o mês em que ocorreu a maior notificação de casos prováveis (378.952; 26,88%), correspondendo ao período pós-chuva na maioria dos estados do país. A região Sudeste registrou a maior quantidade de notificações, com 453.993 (32,20% dos casos do país), tendo São Paulo como o estado com maior número de casos (351.589). A região Centro-Oeste registrou 343.189 casos (24,34% dos casos do país), com predominância no estado de Goiás (208.605). A região Sul totalizou 315.703 (22,39%) casos prováveis, com o Paraná registrando o maior número (161.426). A região Nordeste notificou 245.431 casos (17,41% dos casos do país), sendo o Ceará o seu estado mais afetado, com 42.772 casos. Já a região Norte registrou 50.980 casos (3,62%), com o estado do Tocantins registrando a maior quantidade (21.149). A faixa etária mais atingida no país foi a de 20 a 39 anos, ocorrendo em 35,82% dos casos prováveis. Com relação à evolução dos casos, a maioria das notificações evoluiu com cura (1.131.730; 80,27%). Conclusão: As notificações de casos prováveis de dengue no Brasil em 2022 revelam um aumento alarmante no número de casos em relação ao ano anterior, o que indica a necessidade de adoção de medidas preventivas pelas autoridades sanitárias do país para controlar a disseminação da doença.

Introdução/objetivo: A População em Situação de Rua (PSR) representa um dos grupos sociais mais vulneráveis às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (ISTs) em decorrência de geralmente viverem em um contexto de muitas privações e comportamentos de risco à saúde, como compartilhamento de utensílios perfurocortantes, sexo desprotegido e escasso acesso a medidas educacionais. Assim, compreender como as informações sobre as ISTs estão sendo repassadas para a PSR é de suma importância no contexto da saúde. Diante disso, esse trabalho objetiva analisar o conhecimento da PSR de Fortaleza acerca das ISTs e das suas formas de prevenção. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de campo, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados coletados por meio de entrevista a PSR do Centro POP de Fortaleza a partir da iniciação científica em desenvolvimento intitulada “Avaliação dos conhecimentos da População em Situação de Rua de Fortaleza-CE sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis”, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Para a construção do resumo, foram analisados 177 questionários, com foco nas práticas preventivas e no conhecimento sobre as ISTs e suas formas de prevenção. Resultados: A partir dos questionários analisados, 82,5% dos entrevistados afirmaram já ter tido relações sexuais sem preservativos, 38,4% teve mais de um parceiro sexual nos últimos 12 meses e 67,2% já fez testagem para diagnóstico de ISTs alguma vez na vida. Acerca dos conhecimentos sobre as ISTs, 24,3% informou que o HIV pode ser transmitido por compartilhamento de roupas e talheres; 52% afirmou não haver diferença entre um portador de HIV e uma pessoa com Aids e apenas 61,6% sabia que o HIV é transmitido por um vírus. Sobre as formas de prevenção, 50,8% dos participantes informaram que o preservativo masculino protege melhor do que o preservativo feminino contra as ISTs e 93,8% dos participantes consideraram o uso de camisinha e a testagem para ISTs formas eficazes de prevenção. Acerca dos medicamentos anti-HIV, 97,2% não sabia o que era a PrEP e 80% não sabia o que era a PEP. Conclusão: Evidencia-se o elevado grau de exposição à contração de ISTs por parte da PSR analisada, tendo em vista o grande número de relatos de relações desprotegidas e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Além disso, o baixo conhecimento acerca de informações sobre a transmissibilidade e a prevenção das ISTs demonstra a necessidade de maior empenho público para aprimorar o acesso a informes de saúde, reduzindo os riscos de contaminação.

Introdução/objetivo: A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, caracterizada por tosse, febre e perda de peso. Segundo a OMS, o Brasil está entre os 30 países com maior número de casos de TB. Embora seja uma doença tratável e curável, nos últimos anos se observou uma sobrecarga do sistema de saúde brasileiro ocasionada pela pandemia de COVID-19, que impactou diretamente no controle da TB no país. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetiva descrever os registros de novos casos da doença no Brasil antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico descritivo de abordagem qualitativa realizado a partir de dados secundários coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no mês de julho de 2023 por meio da plataforma DATASUS acerca das notificações de Tuberculose entre os anos de 2001 e 2022. Foram analisados os casos confirmados segundo o ano de diagnóstico. Resultados: Antes da pandemia, os casos confirmados de TB no Brasil vinham aumentando ano após ano desde 2014, tendo até então o maior crescimento no número de casos de um ano para outro no ano de 2017, registrando 90.594 casos, contra 86.207 casos confirmados em 2016, representando um aumento de 4.387 (55.09%) casos. O ano de 2019 era o que havia registrado o maior número de novas confirmações de TB no período analisado até então, com 96.184 casos. Com a pandemia, um possível impacto observado na TB foi a queda no número de pessoas diagnosticadas com a doença em 2020 (86.414), observando uma diminuição de 9.770 casos (10.16%) em comparação com 2019. Houve recuperação parcial no número de diagnósticos em 2021 (91.776 casos), registrando um novo recorde no número de casos confirmados em comparação ao ano anterior (5.362, equivalente a um crescimento de 6.21% em comparação a 2020). Em 2022, ocorreram dois novos recordes: o maior registro de casos no período analisado, com 101.806 novos diagnósticos, e o maior registro de casos se comparado ao ano anterior (10.030 casos, correspondendo a um aumento de 10.93%). Conclusão: As interrupções substanciais na detecção e notificação de pessoas com TB em 2020 e 2021 podem refletir a insuficiente oferta e demanda dos serviços de diagnóstico e tratamento de TB no contexto da pandemia. Com a recuperação dos serviços, observou-se um aumento acentuado dos casos em 2022, atestando a persistência dessa enfermidade no Brasil e a urgência por medidas de prevenção e tratamento.

Nuestro objetivo es identificar lo que los futuros profesores de matemáticas indicaron que aprendieron con respecto a las matemáticas y la enseñanza de las matemáticas al participar en un estudio de clases. El marco teórico está respaldado por modelos sobre el conocimiento de los docentes y los procesos de aprendizaje de los futuros docentes. La metodología es cualitativa e interpretativa, con datos recogidos por entrevistas y documentos producidos por los participantes. Los participantes indicaron comprender la importancia de las diferentes representaciones en matemáticas. También indicaron apreciar el valor de la planificación detallada de la lección, la cuidadosa selección de tareas, el análisis de posibles estrategias y dificultades de los estudiantes, y la preparación de la comunicación en el aula.

Geoelectrical resistivity is an excellent method to investigate the structural composition of shallow subsurfaces. However, existing commercial equipment is typically expensive and often requires proprietary accessories and software to provide full system functionality. The objective of this study was to develop a multichannel, modular, automated, and programmable geo-resistivity meter capable of user customization and programming. To this end, a conceptual prototype was built based on free software and open hardware technologies as a low-cost alternative to commercial equipment while maintaining the accuracy and quality of the data at the same level. The prototype was based on electrode multiplexing to make the switching process more efficient by reducing cabling complexity, whereas synchronous demodulation for signal detection was employed, providing strong rejection of spurious electrical noise, typical of urban areas where such equipment is frequently used. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this project and an important academic contribution to open-source instrumental research.

Introducción: Las glomerulopatías primarias son enfermedades restringidas al riñón, de base inmunológica, son diagnosticadas, clasificadas y tratadas gracias a la punción biopsia renal. Es necesario reconocer a las mismas como diagnóstico diferencial de las glomerulopatías secundarias. Objetivo General: Conocer los tipos de glomerulopatías primarias más frecuentes diagnósticas en el Departamento de Nefrología del Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Objetivos específicos: Evaluar la forma de presentación clínica y la correlación clínico-patológica de las glomerulopatías primarias en el Hospital de Clínicas y determinar las indicaciones más frecuentes de la punción biopsia renal y la frecuencia de complicaciones de este procedimiento. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte trasversal, se revisaron 38 historias de biopsias renales efectuadas en el Hospital de Clínicas en mayores de dieciséis años, desde octubre 2014 a agosto del 2015. Se registró la edad, el sexo, el motivo de realización de la biopsia y las complicaciones. Además, se registró la creatinina, el clearance de creatinina y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos. Resultados: Las glomerulonefritis primarias representan el 42% del total de biopsias realizadas. El valor de la media de la edad fue de 35,3 ± 14,6 años, 62% fueron de sexo fe- menino. Presentaron hipertensión arterial el 75%, el valor de la media de la creatinina fue de 2,1 mg/dL(rango de 0,6 a 3,5) y del clearance fue de 80,6± 34,6 mL/min. La indicación más frecuente para realizar la punción biopsia renal fue la de síndrome nefrótico en un 69% de los pacientes. El 75 % de los pacientes no presentó complicaciones. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el de glomerulonefritis membrano-proliferativa en un 37% de los pacientes seguido por la nefropatía membranosa en un 25 %. Conclusión: El síndrome nefrótico fue la presentación e indicación clínica para realizar la punción biopsia renal más frecuente. Los tipos de glomerulopatías primarias más encontradas fueron la glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa (37%) y la glomerulonefritis membranosa (25%). La punción biopsia renal fue un método seguro de diagnóstico.

La cadena de valor es una herramienta útil para mejorar la participación e interrelación de los actores de un sector en el proceso productivo, para llevar un producto satisfactoriamente, desde la etapa de la producción hasta el consumo. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer los beneficios de la cadena de valor en la agricultura campesina paraguaya. El diseño de la investigación se basó en la modalidad bibliográfico-documental, en la cual se recurrió a fuentes secundarias, el nivel de la investigación descriptiva y de tipo cualitativa. Paraguay al tener como actividad principal a la agricultura y siendo los productos de estas partícipes importantes de las exportaciones puede verse beneficiado por los efectos positivos generados por las cadenas de valor. Las agriculturas familiares forman parte importante de la agricultura nacional teniendo como principal sustento la producción de commodities estas serían capaces de insertarse al mercado. Además del fortalecimiento de las industrias de alimentos que generaría efectos derrame en otras áreas a largo plazo, sería una forma de lograr los objetivos establecidos en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, Paraguay 2030.

La investigación, guiada por la pregunta “¿Qué conocimiento profesional se moviliza en un estudio de aula realizado con profesores universitarios que enseñan Cálculo Diferencial e Integral?”, involucró a ocho profesores de instituciones de enseñanza superior del sur de Brasil que se dedican a la formación de futuros profesores de Matemática en la educación básica. El estudio de clase, estructurado en doce encuentros semanales, abordó el tema de “Máximos y Mínimos”. El análisis cualitativo mostró que el enfoque y la dinámica del estudio de aula movilizaron y permitieron profundizar en conocimientos profesionales relativos a las Matemáticas, a la Didáctica de las Matemáticas y a la misión del formador de futuros profesores de Matemáticas.