1. Emerging Roles of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis in Obesity
- Author
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Yanhang Liao, Yichun Yang, Zhuolin Guo, Ling-juan Zhang, and Yulin Shi
- Subjects
HFD, high-fat diet ,BMI, body mass index ,Adipokine ,Adipose tissue ,Inflammation ,White adipose tissue ,Review ,Dermatology ,PA, palmitic acid ,Immune system ,DC, dendritic cell ,SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis ,TEWL, transepidermal water loss ,Psoriasis ,AT, adipose tissue ,FFA, free fatty acid ,Medicine ,AMP, antimicrobial peptide ,PSO, psoriasis ,TLR, toll-like receptor ,Th, T helper ,Adiponectin ,TG, triglyceride ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,dFB, dermal fibroblast ,OA, oleic acid ,sWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue ,KC, keratinocyte ,WAT, white adipose tissue ,Atopic dermatitis ,DIO, diet-induced obesity ,AD, atopic dermatitis ,medicine.disease ,BAT, brown adipose tissue ,CI, confidence interval ,TC, total cholesterol ,RL1-803 ,Immunology ,medicine.symptom ,dWAT, dermal white adipose tissue ,business - Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide, and it is also considered a major environmental factor contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, obesity worsens the course and impairs the treatment response of these inflammatory skin diseases. Emerging evidence highlights that hypertrophied adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells secrete a variety of molecules, including fatty acids and adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, and a panel of cytokines/chemokines that modulate our immune system. In this review, we describe how adipose hypertrophy leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state in obesity and how obesity-related inflammatory factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PSO and/or AD. Finally, we discuss the potential role of antimicrobial peptides, mechanical stress and impairment of epidermal barrier function mediated by fast expansion, and dermal fat in modulating skin inflammation. Together, this review summarizes the current literature on how obesity is associated with the pathogenesis of PSO and AD, highlighting the potentially important but overlooked immunomodulatory role of adipose tissue in the skin.
- Published
- 2022