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This Bachelor thesis presents research into occurring mental illnesses in celected members of the Habsburg dynasty, with an effort to best consretise them from the original historical background and to compare them with current knowledge. At the same time, it will describe the marriage policy that cintributed to the emergence of mental illness in individual members. The aim of the work is to get acquainted with the Habsburg dynasty, characterize the mental disorders occurring in this magnificent dynasty and evaluate the manifestations of individual diseases.

Most cattle breeds were originally naturally horned. The horns were used as a tool of defense and a manifestation of dominance in the herd. With increasing pressure to increase the efficiency of breeding and increase the safety of both animals and care-givers, horned cattle are being dehorned. However, this does not correspond with welfare requirements. In 2009, the complete genome of cattle was sequenced, which started a series of researches in the field of heredity. Genetic manifestations of horns or polledness are controlled by the autosomal locus polled, located on chromosome pair BTA1, characterized by two alleles, for the dominant P allele representing polledness, and for the recessive allele p for horns. In cattle we encounter 4 mutations of these alleles Celtic, Frisian, Mongolian and Guarany. Manifestations of polledness are also influenced by alleles for the presence of scurrs Sc and sc, or alleles for the manifestation of the so-called African horns Af and An. Thanks to the testing of individuals using microsatellite markers or the SNP method, it is possible to mark genetically polled individuals and thus help breeders to expand hornless breeds.

This thesis describes neural and genetic basis of epilepsy, addresses the distribution of epileptic sezuries, which genes affect epilepsy and the connection between epilepsy and the nervous system. The thesis is based on data collection from scientific books, partly from data published by hospitals. Its focus is getting from the general expressions to the cellular level of the problem, which is necessary to clarify the epileptic principles. It also deals with the genetic nature of epilepsy, as it is with the inheritance of the disease and deals in more detail with early infantile epileptic. The beginning of work is about basic information of epilepsy. Next, it looks into the mechanisms that influence the emergence of epilepsy. Continues to look at the structures in the brain associated with epilepsy. And at the end, it deels with genetic nature of epilepsy. A brochure was created for this work, where basic information about epilepsy can be found, first aid for an epileptic seizure and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy is discussed in paragraphs.

Presented Master's thesis deals with euthanasia in the novel "Ikarien" by German author Uwe Timm. The thesis highlights development of its main character Alfred Ploetz, an originator of so-called racial hygiene (German variation of eugenics). Ploetz supported the idea of performing euthanasia on severely disabled people. This was applied at massive scale in Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. One of the goals of this thesis is to analyze the connection between utopian notions about the creation of a new man, eugenics and euthanasia performed by Nazis, which is reflected in the life of Alfred Ploetz. Furthermore, the thesis aims to give analysis of literary means used for capturing subject matter and compare factual and fictional parts of this historical novel. KEYWORDS Uwe Timm, euthanasia, racial hygiene, eugenics, utopia, science, Alfred Ploetz

Title The genetic predisposition of a speed ability among the players of the 1st and 2nd Czech football league. Study aim To determine the impact of ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X, AMPD1 Gln12X, BDKRB2 9/+9, IL1RN VNTR, NOS3 Glu298Asp, UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphisms genotype frequencies on the results of the speed ability motor tests. Methods DNA samples obtained from epithelial mouth were quantified and analyzed using the PCR method from 106 football players of the 1st and 2nd Czech football league (age 25,3 ± 4,69; weight 77,5 ± 7,33; height 181,2 ± 6,23). Genotype frequencies were estimated for the ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X, AMPD1 Gln12X, BDKRB2 9/+9, IL1RN VNTR, NOS3 Glu298Asp, UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism. Motor speed ability was tested by the vertical jump height, produced power and power impulse for the countermovement jump, countermovement jump without arms swing and squat jump. Isokinetic maximal power of flexors and extensors of the knee were tested at the angle speed 60ř.s-1 , 180ř.s-1 , 300ř.s-1 . Χ2 test (Pearson's chi-square test) was used to determine the genotypes difference for the parameters of the motor speed ability tests in the football players who exceeded 80th percentil compare to the other football players. Kruskal- Wallis test was used to determine dependence (p = 0,05) of the genotypes...

Apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) has the considerable potential in agriculture and crop breeding due to its ability to produce genetically identical progenies in a form of persistent propagules, i.e. seeds. However, the processes laying behind the origin of apomixis and connected molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Despite the fact, that apomicts are considered to be an evolutionary dead-ends, they are often more widely distributed than their sexual relatives (this phenomenon is commonly referred to as geographical parthenogenesis (GP). Although this phenomenon is studied for decades, its causes are still not fully understood. Importantly, several recent studies pointed out that apomicts with limited genetic variability can at some extent react to changing environment through changes in gene transcription by epigenetic modifications. It is generally assumed, that hybridisation and polyploidization played a crucial role in the emergence of apomixis. For this reason, presented studies test the putative origin of selected polyploid apomicts and if the interspecific hybridisation between diploid sexuals triggers polyploidization using predominantly polyploid and apomictic genus Hieracium s. str. Surprisingly, the presented study demonstrates the hybrid origin of almost all investigated...

In my bachelor's thesis, I dealt with the detection of the mutation in the PKD2 gene, which causes polycystic kidney disease. The disease is interesting because it is not only caused by a single specific mutation that affects a particular gene, but the disease is highly variable and can be caused by several mutations located on different chromosomes and even at different sites in a given exon. The subject of my research was a family of four. Based on the results of using clinical diagnostics, one member of the family was confirmed to have polycystic kidney disease. The aim of this thesis was to detect the possible PKD2 mutation in the family members, and thus to confirm the presence of polycystic kidney disease. The next aim was the optimization of the designed primers for the PCR reaction. In the theoretical section of this thesis, I focused on the issue of polycystic kidney disease, classification of polycystic kidney disease based on the inheritance type, and the protein products of the PKD2 and PKD1 genes. I also mentioned the anatomy of the kidneys, their function, and also the structure of a nephron. I also dealt with the health problems that accompany the disease, as well as its diagnostics and subsequent treatment. In the practical section of this thesis, I described the process of the laboratory diagnostics used to search for a mutation in the PKD2 gene, specifically in its first five exons. The diagnostics consisted of the DNA isolation, PCR reaction, gel electrophoresis, and subsequent Sanger sequencing. However, due to limited laboratory capacity, I did not personally perform the Sanger sequencing. The samples prepared for sequencing were sent to the SEQme company. In the end, I examined the electrophoreograms and the results from the obtained sequences. I had a total of 20 sequenced samples for the evaluation, always 4 samples for each exon. I was not able to prove the possible mutation in any of them. The remaining exons would also need to be examined for a complete diagnostics of the disease.

The Bachelor Thesis called The defiance to crucial life conditions in childhoods dedicated to the issue of upbringing, educational environment and heredity. The theoretical part illustrates types of educational failure sand defines the institutional upbringing. The thesis is also consulting the issues with perspective of Victor Emanuel Frankl and Sigmund Freund. The practical part includes short characteristic and analysis of one respondent's story

The thesis The analysis of genetic factors of breast cancer by NGS deals with the current serious problematics of breast cancer from the perspective of genetic predisposition. Breast cancer is one of the most common tumors in women. Every year more than 7000 women are diagnosed with this disease and the mortality rate in the Czech Republic is nearly 2000 cases. Of the total number of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, approximately ten percent of patients have congenital mutations in one of the predisposing genes that cause a significantly increased risk of developing a cancer. More than half of these mutations occur in germline mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, others include a number of other genes, eg tp53, CDH1, PTEN, STK11, ATM, PALB2, CHEK2.Early diagnosis and identification of persons with increased risk of developing breast cancer is of key importance for their inclusion in preventive programs. Therefore, the thesis aims to testing genes that can cause a breast cancer. In the thesis, 219 known and candidate predisposition genes were analyzed in a group of 263 non-selected breast cancer patients using a targeted panel NGS, the Illumina platform. Selected identified suspect variants were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The aim of this work was also a mutational analysis of...

Introduction: Genetic determination of human face is clearly visible in family members. The resemblance between monozygotic twins who are genetically identical is especially remarkable. So far the possibilities of reliable prediction of the complex morphology of facial traits on the basis of genome analysis and the ability to capture the variability of human facial morphology through genotype variability are highly limited. Complete genetic basis of the physiological variability of craniofacial traits remains more or less unknown. This master's thesis was created as a pilot study of the shared project of the Laboratory of 3D Imagining and Analytical Methods and the Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology on Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics. Material and Methods: The specimen collection is composed of DNA samples derived from 30 families (29 with 4 members, 1 with 5 members) who fulfilled required criteria. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen based on the available information. Eight of them are linked to normal facial variability and one was chosen based on the assumed function of the gene where the polymorphism is located. There were two methods of genotyping: RFLP method with the use of restriction endonuclease and SNaPshot method. Morphological data were provided by the...

Preferences for sexual arousal by overstated dominance and submission in sex is categorized as F65.5, sadomasochism, according to ICD, but this behaviour is called BDSM among the general public. The ground of these preferences could be ultimately biological. These preferences reflect behavioural strategy which enables to gain higher reproductive success. Men and women who were sexually aroused by a submissive partner had more male relatives than men and women with other preferences. Contrary to the women, the dominant men reported themselves as more attractive. Women who were aroused by a higher-ranking partner considered themselves more attractive. Sons of couples in which was hierarchical disparity had more siblings than sons of "equal" couples or couples with no hierarchical disparity. Daughters of hierarchically disparate couples had more brothers than daughters of "both dominant" partners. Concurrently, number and gender of offspring as well as self- reported attractiveness are likely to be criteria of the reproductive success in humans. It is also interesting that hierarchically disparate couples, without regard to gender of higher-ranking partner, reached higher reproductive success than "equal" couples. Individuals who preferred higher- or lower-ranking partner were also aroused by...

The aim of this study was to describe hypertrophic caridomyopathy in different cat breeds. The review characterizes forementioned disease regarding genetic base, considering the most affected breeds and informs of up to date possibilites of diagnostic and treatment. The work is extended by the prevalence of the disease in particular cat breeds in chosen region of Czech republic based on survey.

The thesis aims at complex assessment of absolute pitch both theoretically and practically. It describes the functioning of ear and main issues related to processing of sound and tone height. In addition, it clarifies related terms stemming from musical psychology. Especially, it endeavours to identify causes of absolute pitch and factors which form it. The thesis surveys several phenomena connected with absolute pitch, for example with synesthesia, and with other aspects such as occurrence of absolute pitch among population. More practical part of research consists in a questionaire used for verification of hypotheses related to absolute pitch. The thesis uses not only the Czech but especially English written literature which has not yet been used in such a scope in the Czech musical research.

Currently, pupils' interest in science continues to decline, although this area of education is very important in every day life (medicine, environment, etc.) and there is high demand for science professions on the labor market. Molecular biology curriculum concerning DNA and the transfer of genetic information is abstract and difficult topic for pupils to imagine, and for teachers to explain. There are many ways to teach this topic. Very popular are iquiry and laboratory practise. But not all schools have their own laboratories, and can teach molecular practical effectivelly. Inquiry based teaching is time consuming to prepare, and not every topic is appropriate to be taught this way. Another possibilities how to visualize "invisible" molecules and processes are computer software and animations or 3D physical model. In my thesis, I examined the effect of using computers and animations to teach abou DNA compared to using a 3D physical model on students' knowledge. I laso tested the possible influence of gender and pupils' preferences on their achieved score on knowledge tests. The research was performed in five classes at three high schools in Prague. Students in year 12 were on different types of high school and some of them took special biology class, their age was between 15 and 18 years. The...

Mitochondria are the key source of vital ATP molecules, which are largely produced within cells by a system of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Genetic defects affecting any of the components of the oxidative phosphorylation system or the structure and function of mitochondria lead to mitochondrial disorders, which occur at an incidence rate of 1 in 5000 live births. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme and electron acceptor of a respiratory chain that catalyses oxygen to produce a water molecule. In addition to complex I deficiency, isolated or combined COX deficiency is the most common respiratory chain defect in paediatric patients, and it can arise from mutations located either in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes encoding the structural subunits or corresponding assembly factors of the enzyme complex. However, the molecular basis of COX deficiency remains elusive in many patients despite advances in the identification of an increasing number of mutations and genes involved in the disease. This thesis focuses on the identification of the genetic causes of mitochondrial diseases in a cohort of 60 unrelated Czech children with clinically and laboratory confirmed COX-deficiency. With the use of a high-resolution melting analysis mutation screen, four heterozygous sequence...

The aim of the thesis is to elaborate a literary overall summary of male reproduction system by dogs. In addition to the hereditary defects, the most frequent non-hereditary defects which affect the dog reproduction will be described as well. Further the terms animal breeding, heredity and congenital defect will be explained. The results of the present research will be presented in the conclusion.

Hereditary Mitochondrial Disorders Caused by Oxidative Phosphorylation Dysfunction This bachelor thesis deals with problems of hereditary mitochondrial disorders that are caused by various dysfunctions of proteins in oxidative fosforylation known as OXPHOS complex. Following recherche provides the reader with information about the genom and the structure of mitochondria where the OXPHOS is realized and about its structure and progress. I describe basic facts about various mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA that negatively affect function of OXPHOS complex and the biogenesis of mitochondria. The focus of this work is to summarize the newest data of individual diseases - their clinical manifestation, etiopatogenesis, prevalance in population and its possible treatment and prevention. Key words: hereditary, mtDNA, mitochondrial diseases, OXPHOS complex

The aim of my bachelor´s work is to show the importance of physical movement for child´s development in the period since the birth till the entrance to primary-school and to offer teachers in kindergartens some approaches (ways) to motivate kids to move and also positively influence the development of their personality. However, I consider the way of us adults to be the most important part, the part of the way, which is often necessary to change, if we want a child to follow us. This thesis also serves as a means of reflections on ourselves and on our relationship with ourselves, and with the child. In the theoretical part I focus on the search for the essence of inner motivation to move in a child's life, and namely, in two aspects of the human being which are the body and soul. I refer to some of the critical points in the life of a child in the family and in kindergarten, where a turning point often occurs and leads to suppressing or promoting of intrinsic motivation. The practical part provides a perspective on child behave our in kindergarten from a teacher's point of view and looks at the family situation (analysis of questionnaires and interviews with parents) regarding the child's motivation to move, but an overall healthy lifestyle as well. I compare both view sand examine possible causes of physical and psychological problems of children, trying to offer support options for motivation of movement and for healthy living child. The results of my investigation revealed that the problem of child motivation to move originates from the family and is caused by parent?s approach to up bringing and by hereditary predisposition of the child. Kindergarten can provide greater opportunities for developing of child abilities and it can try to guide her or him on the way to maintain a healthy lifestyle, but deficit the child comes from a family with is sometimes very significant and the encouraging of the child to acquire attitudes, beliefs and habits so different from those which is drilled, it is very difficult and not always successful.

The bachelor thesis The genetics of type II diabetes is compound of several chapter. The major part is general characteristic of diabetes, diagnostics and pathogenesis. The thesis includes history of diabetes too. The last two chapters are focus on genetics. There are many knowledges which have been gained so far and objects future studies. Very interesting is chapter about genetics studies in variol continents, studies of ethnic groups. Key words Diabetes mellitus I., Diabetes mellitus II., disease, genetics, gen, locus, genome-wide association studies, heritability

This thesis deals with the life of people with diagnosis neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen type 1 (NF1). The aim is to find out what problems in life experienced by people with NF1. Which problems had people with NF1 in childhood, what are the most common health problems, what are the most common psychosocia problems. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of this thesis I have described the different types of neurofibromatosis, including clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and monitoring. The last chapter discusses the theoretical problems of life of the people with the NF1. In the empirical part, I followed the issue of life of people with the NF1, both medically, as well as mentally. The empirical section was elaborated using quantitative research questionnaires. The work indicates that respondents are in 76% limits through this disease. The reason given most often indicate the limitations of pain and cosmetic disadvantages. The biggest problem of their life were health problems. For adults with NF1 are the most common type of anxiety problem conditional nature of basic diagnosis and genetic dispositions. In foreign literature, only a few works that deal with psychosocial page neurofibromatosis type 1. In the Czech Republic this theme is not...

The aim of the bachelor thesis is to create comprehensive literature review about dog?s eyes inherited diseases. The thesis covers themes such as the diseases symptoms, cause of the diseases and diseases transmittion to the parent?s offspring. The notions of congenital and inherited defects are described further in the thesis. The eye diseases are divided into groups according to place where in the eye can occur.

Name: Jitka Hanušová School: Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department: Institute of Linguistics and Finno-Ugric Studies Title: Charles Darwin and darwinism in Finnish Literature Supervisor: Mgr. Jan Dlask, Ph.D. Number of pagess: 68 Nubmber of characters: 118 580 Keywords: Charles Darwin, darwinism, social darwinism, Finnish Literature, race, heredity, social class This diploma deals with evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and examines its arrival to Finland, its spreading there and mentions the first references in the Finnish periodicals, public and especially in literature during 1860-1920. The topic is viewed through a cultural-historical context which consists of influences of evolutionary theories, social darwinism, racial theories, heredity research, or distinctions between social classes. The special emphasis is placed on reflections of the main aspects of this context in the Finnish literature, mainly in the works of Minna Canth, T. Pakkala, L. Onerva, Toivo Tarvas and Maila Talvio.

This work is focused in teaching DNA. The aim is to determine whether the subject matter of the nucleic acids rather biological in nature, or rather the nature of thechemical. The work is concerned with explaining the concept of nucleic acid and its types and functions, as well as view into the history of teaching about DNA and analyzing the current situation in the CR and abroad. Finally, the opinions of teachers are devoted to assessing and evaluating the results of some studies.

Bachelor study is dealing with mother bees breeding in utility breeding, miscellaneous methods retrieving queen cells,methods of mother bees adding,control of matings. The study is dealing with breeding of mother bees in utility breeding. There are described miscellaneous methods retrieving queen cells from the hive which excel their quality as is moderation not swarming, usage of pollen and nectar bringing down,cleaning instinct,early spring evolution, not divergence of bees by hive checking.Farther there are described methods of queen cells adding,mother bees fertilization,not fertilizied and some interests regarding beekeeping. Importance of breeding not only mother bees from quality hive but also breeding of drones from hive with the perfect attributes and inhibition of breeding from weak hive. The mother bees marking and their evidence regarding hive evalution as it is because of breeding selection.

SUMMARY: The thesis with the title " Development of the Juvenile Deliquency in the CR, Analysis of the Root Causesand Corrective Measures" analyses the development of the four following kinds of deliquencies - theft, robbery, riotous conduct and growth of drug addiction aminy adolescents in years 2000 - 2009. The thesis also focuses on the analisis of deliquency causes at this group and compares preventive measures in terms of various departments.

Title: Heredity influence and motor development in preschool children Objectives: Objective of this work is evaluation of heredity of movement evolution according to available literature. Methods: Thesis has a recherche character. Information for our research were found in available scholar and internet sources. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part there are clarified basic terms about heredity, motor development and genetic determination. The second part is focused on particular life periods of kids up to 6 years old and their motor development in their life periods. Results: Current motorics of preschool children is significantly genetically determined. Literature corresponds in about 50% of determination. Keywords: heredity, development, motoric