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This article analyzes the history of adult vocational training (AVT) programs for Algerian migrants, funded by the French state, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962. These programs responded to the postwar expansion of citizenship and rights of indigenous Algerians, including rights to migrate and to take jobs in metropolitan France. Across changing governments and diverse ministries, French officials were convinced that vocational training was necessary for indigenous Algerians to find stable employment, to mitigate the supposed risks of migration, and to enable migrants to transform themselves into an idealized version of the French citizen. The widespread adoption of AVT for Algerian migrants calls into question the pervasive image of the unskilled, interchangeable migrant. At the same time, the shortcomings of AVT programs shed light on how migrants frequently contributed to postwar economic expansion and economic modernization while enjoying the fruits of economic growth only meagerly and on an individual basis. More broadly, this study reveals the importance of skill, industry, and labor in French postwar conceptions of (social) citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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L’objectif de cet article est d’exposer les déterminants de la collecte des recettes fiscales dans les pays en développement, ainsi que les mesures d’évaluation de leur performance. Il est ressorti des analyses que la collecte des recettes fiscales dans les pays en développement est sujette à des facteurs structurels et macroéconomiques. Sur le plan structurel, le niveau de développement et l’ouverture commerciale constituent des facteurs principaux agissant sur la mobilisation des recettes fiscales, et sur le plan macroéconomique, le renforcement de la mobilisation des recettes fiscales passe essentiellement par la limitation du niveau de la fraude et de la corruption, la capacité de formalisation du secteur informel, la simplification de la législation fiscale et de la mise en place d’une bonne organisation fiscale. En outre, il est indispensable pour les pays en développement de mettre en place un système fiscal qui favorise une croissance inclusive, encourage la bonne gouvernance, répond aux inquiétudes suscitées dans l’opinion par les inégalités de revenu et de richesse, et sert de justice sociale.

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Cet article vise à contribuer aux réflexions autour du rôle du secteur bancaire congolais dans l’amélioration du bien-être de la population, à travers une nouvelle approche micro-macro-économique. Notre objectif est d’estimer à quel point les banques contribuent au développement économique de la République Démocratique du Congo et de sa population. Ici, nous recherchons donc l’impact social des institutions financières dans le développement économique. L’analyse s’est basée sur un échantillon de sept banques évoluant en RD Congo et pour lesquelles les données ont été disponibles. L’approche méthodologique utilisée a consisté à faire une analyse financière des données tirées des différents rapports annuels des banques puis en calculer le ratio de la rentabilité économique, afin d’en associé aux grandeurs macroéconomiques dans un modèle économétrique en données de panel à effets aléatoires. Cette analyse a finalement confirmé l’hypothèse selon laquelle le système bancaire congolais a un impact positif sur le développement quoi qu’en un degré peu appréciable.

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Cette étude examine la relation complexe entre la libéralisation multilatérale de la coopération économique et le protectionnisme politique dans la région scandinave. L'objectif est d'analyser l'impact de l'intégration économique sur les attitudes politiques vis-à-vis des politiques protectionnistes et d'étudier comment les pays scandinaves parviennent à établir un équilibre délicat entre la promotion du commerce ouvert et la sauvegarde de leurs industries nationales. La recherche combine des analyses de données quantitatives et des études de cas qualitatives pour examiner les défis et les opportunités résultant de la libéralisation multilatérale. Les résultats mettent en évidence les effets positifs de l'intégration économique sur la croissance et la coopération régionale, tout en abordant les préoccupations liées à la montée des sentiments protectionnistes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé : Le français est la langue officielle de la Côte d’Ivoire. C’est donc au moyen de cette langue que le pays élabore et diffuse sa politique et ses projets de développement. Toutefois, l’analyse de la situation économique, du profil sociolinguistique de la population ivoirienne, de son système de communication gouvernementale à la lumière de la théorie de la modernisation et de la communication pour le développement révèle que les langues endogènes jouent un rôle capital qui n’est pas suffisamment mis en avant. Au regard de l’important rôle qu’elles jouent en dépit de leur minoration, il apparaît nécessaire de les promouvoir pour en faire de véritables sources de développement pour faciliter l’accès à l’information et créer un environnement favorable à une gestion inclusive des affaires publiques et surtout créer un environnement favorable à un développement participatif.

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Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This study aims to shed light on the extent to which small and medium enterprises contribute to achieving economic and social indicators of local development in Algeria. Where the study found that small and medium enterprises in Algeria contribute to the employment of approximately (18,55%) and (23,32%) of the total workforce in Algeria, and contribute to the GDP outside the hydrocarbon sector at a rate ranging between (61.90%) ) and (68.09%), as well as the contribution to the added value at a rate ranging between (13.23%) and (18.17%). Finally, the study recommended the need to develop a clear strategy for the promotion of economic institutions in general and small and medium enterprises in particular, as they are the backbone of the national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the controversy between development, growth, and inequality. The growth movement can reduce disparities and inequalities. The analytical descriptive approach was adopted and the obtained results show that economic growth is positive, feeds on inequality and perpetuates the deprivation of rights. In addition, the dangers of economic development are not only limited to the production of economic, social and environmental disparities, but they are just symptoms of a bigger danger; the loss of self-reliance infiltrating into developing countries and their dependent economic policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article addresses the commitments of ECOWAS to citizen perspectives, and it underlines the added value of scientifi c research in the successful achievement of regional integration for West Africans. Specifi - cally, it asks, how can the eff ectiveness and relevance of academic studies be used to enhance economic growth and social development? The creation of the West Africa Institute (WAI), a research center and think tank dedicated to regional integration and social transformations, was a major step in the search for adequate local and regional development solutions fi 􀄴 ing with the West African context. WAI works with a participatory approach, promoting free debates among policy makers, open spaces for dialogue, and exchange among all social actors concerned with issues of regional integration and social transformation. Resumen: Este artículo analiza los compromisos de la CEDEAO en términos de perspectivas ciudadanas y enfatiza el valor agregado de la investigación científi ca en el éxito de la integración regional para África Occidental. Específi camente, pregunta cómo la efi ciencia y relevancia de los estudios universitarios pueden usarse para mejorar el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo social. La creación del Instituto de África Occidental (IAO) fue un paso importante en la búsqueda de soluciones para un desarrollo apropiado, adaptado a los contextos local y regional de África Occidental. La IAO trabaja con un enfoque participativo promoviendo el fl ujo libre de debates entre los tomadores de decisiones y espacios abiertos para el diálogo e intercambio entre todos los actores sociales interesados en temas de integración regional y transformación social. Résumé: Cet article traite des engagements de la CEDEAO en matière de perspectives citoyennes et met l'accent sur la valeur ajoutée de la recherche scientifi que dans la réussite de l'intégration régionale pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Plus précisément, il étudie comment l'effi cacité et la pertinence de la recherche scientifi que peuvent être utilisées pour améliorer la croissance économique et le développement social. La création de l'Institut de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (IAO), un centre de recherche et un groupe de réfl exion dédié à l'intégration régionale et aux transformations sociales, a été une étape majeure dans la recherche de solutions de développement local et régional adéquates adaptées au contexte ouest-africain. L'IAO travaille avec une approche participative, favorisant la libre circulation des débats entre les décideurs et des espaces ouverts pour le dialogue et l'échange entre tous les acteurs sociaux concernés par les questions d'intégration régionale et de transformation sociale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une perspective de la mise en évidence des retombés de l’éducation et la formation sur la qualification et la promotion des compétences professionnelles des ressources humaines. Elle permet en outre de mettre en exergue la corrélation dialectique et substantielle entre l’expansion du capital humain et le développement économique, social et culturel des différentes nations. Au demeurant, il est communément admis chez les différents acteurs politiques ou économiques que l’enseignement et la formation des cadres sont d’une importance majeure dans les progrès réalisés par les nations dans les divers secteurs et même un vecteur incontournable de leur renaissance. Il en ressort que les gouvernements de divers pays ne ménagent guère d’efforts à investir massivement dans ce secteur de l’éducation sans toutefois se soucier des budgets colossaux que cela nécessite et des retombés immédiats qu’ils devraient impérativement engendrer sur les tissus économique et social.de la société du moment qu’ils ont la conviction que les bonnes performances du système éducatif se répercutent inéluctablement à court, à moyen ou à long terme sur les divers secteurs productifs et ce par les richesses qu’elles sont susceptibles de générer. Cette recherche est structurée selon deux volets, l’un théorique et un autre pratique et ce comme suit : le volet théorique met l’accent sur les facteurs clés qui interviennent dans la production des richesses et qui par conséquent actionnent le développement économique et social, en l’occurrence, le capital humain et le capital financier. Le volet pratique est dédié à une étude statistique relative à la corrélation entre le capital humain et la croissance économique. La recherche est close par certaines suggestions inhérentes au thème débattu dans cet article.

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China has adopted an array of special social security measures in response to the spread of the COVID‐19 virus, to mitigate the downside social and economic impacts caused by the pandemic. Measures include the reduction, exemption and deferral of social security contributions by employers, the extension of benefits coverage for employees, and the provision of more accessible e‐services by social insurance agencies. The article points out that a preliminary assessment of those measures would suggest that they have played a key role in supporting social cohesion and in stabilizing the economy. In a critical manner, the article compares the measures adopted in China with those of other countries, and identifies how China could learn from international practice and experience. Finally, and based on recent Chinese experience, the article presents proposals that seek to improve the longer‐term contribution made by the Chinese social security system to realize the goals of social cohesion and inclusive economic development. As set out in China's Social Insurance Law of 2010, the social security system should not only support a fair sharing of benefits of development, but also promote social harmony and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of social assistance in low‐ and middle‐income countries raises important issues for inclusive growth. Labour is by far the principal asset of low‐income groups. Changes in the quantity, quality, and allocation of labour associated with social assistance will impact on the productive capacity of low‐income groups and therefore on inclusive growth. The article re‐assesses the findings reported by impact evaluations of social assistance in low‐ and middle‐income countries to address this issue. Most studies have tested for potentially adverse labour supply incentive effects from transfers but have failed to find supportive evidence. The article highlights findings from this literature on the effects of social assistance on human capital accumulation and labour reallocation. They point to the conclusion that well‐designed and well‐implemented social assistance contributes to inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue selectively addresses the relationship linking social security systems, inclusive growth and social cohesion. Inclusive growth and social cohesion are viewed as political expedient and necessary goals for national economies. The desirability of their attainment reflects political pragmatism, the "social contract", as much as it does a commitment to the wider emancipative goal of social justice. The International Social Security Association (ISSA) has often paraphrased these assertions to argue that there can be "no social justice without social security". Of course, progress achieved towards the realization of the goals of inclusive growth and social cohesion should be equally beneficial for the adequacy, sustainability and coverage of social security systems. The aim of this special issue is to unpack and better understand the nature of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L'indicateur de progrès véritable (IPV) a été conçu pour estimer les performances économiques, évaluer les effets des propositions politiques et aborder les préoccupations d'aujourd'hui en matière de bien‐être, ce que ne permet pas le PIB. Actuellement, l'IPV apparaît comme un tableau de bord pour suivre l'évolution des variables qui le composent, mais ne permet pas d'analyse transnationale. Il sera calculable selon une méthodologie normalisée lorsque certains problèmes de données auront été résolus et qu'un consensus sera réalisé sur l'IPV 2.0. Mais c'est surtout le manque de volonté politique et de soutien institutionnel qui fait principalement obstacle à la généralisation de son utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cet article expose les différents enjeux à l’œuvre pour la Russie dans le choix d’organiser ses Jeux Olympiques d’hiver à Sotchi. L’auteur passe ainsi en revue les multiples défis auxquels a dû faire face l’État russe : analysant tour à tour la dimension sécuritaire, la dimension économique, l’héritage et la gestion du vivre-ensemble multiethnique dans une région travaillée par des traumatismes historiques et de nombreux conflits récents, l’article souligne la complexité de ces enjeux et la capacité de l’État russe à les relever, au moins partiellement, dans un contexte international tendu. Tout en nourrissant son propos d’éclairages sur le fonctionnement interne du pouvoir vis-à-vis des stratégies d’investissements, l’auteur établit des prospectives en termes de développement économique régional.

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Key Messages: The cultural narrative of how German immigrants have shaped today's technology economy and entrepreneurial culture in Kitchener‐Waterloo appears questionable.Members of Kitchener‐Waterloo's German community neither have strong professional ties with other members of that community, nor close connections with other regional communities.Kitchener‐Waterloo's German community has been absorbed into the region's self‐image and creates common reference points for joint initiatives. This paper investigates the relationship between culture and economy and scrutinizes cultural narratives of economic development in Kitchener‐Waterloo, southern Ontario. It argues for the need to carefully conceptualize the link between culture and economic development to avoid boosting deterministic stereotypes. In the case of Kitchener‐Waterloo, a notable hub of high‐technology firms and technology development, a link is frequently drawn between the German community and culture and the region's technology economy and entrepreneurial culture. A social capital analysis, however, reveals that the German ethnic community neither has the strong professional internal ties nor the external social ties to other regional communities that could constitute a lead role in economic development. Rather, the legacy of Kitchener‐Waterloo's ethnic German population has been absorbed into the region's self‐image and creates a feeling of belonging and common reference points for joint social and economic initiatives in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this work was to point out some aspects of convergence and divergence among some authors established in the field of institutionalism that analyzed the role of institutions in society and its evolution through time. Specifically, it aims at identifying how the nature, functioning, and evolution of institutions are portrayed. It is a theoretical research, having as a field of analysis the selection of recurrent texts in (neo) institutionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]