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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Informationen sowie Desinformationen verbreiten sich in rasanter Geschwindigkeit. Unter diesen Bedingungen ergeben sich für die Wissenschaftskommunikation zahlreiche Herausforderungen. Studien aus der Medienwissenschaft zeigen, dass eine Korrektur von Falschinformation (Debunking) nicht ausreicht, um deren Verbreitung einzudämmen, sondern sogar den gegenteiligen Effekt mit sich bringen kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert den Ansatz des Prebunkings als eine geeignete Kommunikationsstrategie im Sinne der Vermittlung von wissenschaftlicher Vorsicht und demokratischem Skeptizismus. Anhand internationaler Anwendungsbeispiele und unter Rückbezug auf wissenschaftliche Evaluationen zeigen die Autor*innen Potenziale und Grenzen dieser Kommunikationsstrategie auf. (Red.)

This study explores the collaborative efforts of libraries within the Ukraine Art Aid Center network, dedicated to preserving cultural heritage during times of war. Emphasizing the vital role of international library cooperation, we investigate the dissemination of trusted news in the Russo-Ukrainian war. The first section examines Russia's use of (dis-)information in the war of aggression, which is flanked by a globally waged information war. The second section clarifies key terminology distinctions related to disinformation, misinformation, fake news, and deep fakes. In the third section, we scrutinize the importance of accurate language and wording to avoid manipulation and disinformation. The fourth section explores strategies to counter disinformation, empowering individuals to make informed decisions. The fifth section highlights the support provided by international library networks in aiding libraries and societies under attack, focusing on Ukraine Art Aid Center (Zentrum Kulturgutschutz Ukraine). The sixth section presents selected information services and news sources from Ukraine, Germany, and Russian media in exile. The seventh section emphasizes the role of information institutions providing access to documents on the war, on war crimes and human rights violations against the background of information ethics and the code of ethics of librarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nachdem die Bundesnetzagentur den ersten vertrauenswürdigen Hinweisgeber (Trusted Flagger) benannt hat, werden Vorwürfe der Zensur, übermäßigen Einschränkung der Meinungsfreiheit und fehlenden Erforderlichkeit solcher Stellen laut. Dabei ist das Konzept der Trusted Flagger keinesfalls neu oder eine Idee das DSA und das Vorgehen gegen illegale Inhalte im Netz weiterhin eine große Herausforderung in demokratischen Gesellschaften. Der DSA schafft klare Vorgaben für Trusted Flagger und transparente Verfahren.

Rechte Medien sind in Österreich verhältnismäßig stark präsent und bislang aus einer medienethischen Perspektive wenig erforscht. Dieser Artikel analysiert 34 Veröffentlichungen bzw. Rügen des Österreichischen Presserats gegen sechs Periodika, die der extremen Rechten zuzurechnen sind. Die Entscheidungen des Presserats werden mittels strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet, als Codierungssystem dient der „Ehrenkodex für die österreichische Presse“. Die Untersuchung zeigt, welche massenmedialen Handlungsprinzipien von den untersuchten Medien regelmäßig verletzt werden (v. a. Genauigkeitsgebot, Diskriminierungsverbot). Die Forschungsergebnisse sollen dazu beitragen, inhaltliche Schwerpunkte und wiederkehrende Mechanismen in der rechtsextremen Publizistik zu veranschaulichen.

When the Ebola virus crossed undetected into Sierra Leone and exacerbated the 2014-15 crisis, the World Health Organization blamed the breach on a traditional healer treating patients from Guinea. Meanwhile, local residents initially maintained that her death was not Ebola-related but a serpent's curse, an assumption grounded in lived experience of snake charmer spectacles. Both narratives drowned out evidence that the virus spread not via the healer's covert herbalism, but via her professional connections at the local government clinic and, more broadly, an overtaxed and undertrained public health system. This article takes local rumours around Ebola as vernacular epidemiologies that resonated with sensory experience. They show that both community and humanitarian actors had information; complications arose from the diverse experiences and expectations that shaped responses to that information. Such expectations emerge from the borderland geography, where colonial infrastructures continue to channel perception according to "upriver", "downriver", and "crossriver" phenomenologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Across the globe, social media have become dominant channels of communication and news for many citizens. They also provide online spaces where misleading information can exacerbate social cleavages and political differences in societies, which can then lead to deleterious democratic outcomes. Therefore, much work has sought to understand the ways in which the effects of misinformation can be attenuated. This virtual theme collection highlights eight studies that examined the conditions in which individuals would actively verify information as well as the effectiveness of certain countermeasures designed to help individuals discern information veracity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Comunicação Midiática is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rechtsextremismusforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An analysis of 640 posts from the social media platforms of 14 students at a historically Black university revealed that entertainment accounted for 68% of their social media content, "uplift" 17%, and empowerment 14%. Educators worry that students may be squandering online resources that could help improve their lives when they choose entertainment over uplift and empowerment. The study examines why entertainment trumps uplift and empowerment, and more broadly, how it may serve as a catalyst to combat disinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological evolution has been impacting journalistic practice, enabling strategies to bring receivers closer to the reality portrayed. Would the illusion of the presence of a receiver in the narrative scenario where the event takes place, in 360° videos, which address social issues, mean a higher level of participation that would lead to a more conscious exercise of citizenship? The central objective of this article is to analyze the journalistic narratives presented in 360° videos, about war refugees, published on The Daily 360° The New York Times channel, on YouTube and, in particular, the video The Displaced. The method used is the critical analysis of the narrative proposed by Motta (2007), which aims to analyze narratives as social processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spätestens seit dem erfolgreichen Wahlkampf Donald Trumps im Jahr 2016 werden Desinformationskampagnen weltweit als Bedrohung für Demokratien wahrgenommen. Der Beitrag fragt nach dem Ausmass der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kreml-nahen russischen und deutschen rechtsextremen Akteur:innen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf digitale Desinformationsstrategien in Deutschland, und regt Konsequenzen für die Medienbildung an. Die Beschreibung der Verbindungen zwischen Kreml-nahen russischen und deutschen rechtsextremen Akteur:innen mithilfe des Begriffs des «politischen Feldes» (Bourdieu 2001) zeigt, dass beide Akteursgruppen ihr politisches Kapital aufwerten, indem sie sich in Differenz zu den etablierten Parteien in Deutschland positionieren und durch Gruppenbildung politisches Kapital an die jeweils andere Gruppe delegieren können. Die Analyse der Desinformationsaktivitäten im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021 arbeitet heraus, dass die Zusammenarbeit nicht vollständig erfasst werden kann, da Desinformationskampagnen zum Teil verdeckt geführt werden. Die Aktivitäten eines Hauptakteurs auf russischer Seite, RT Deutsch, zeigen jedoch die zentral gesteuerte, offene Einflussnahme Russlands im deutschen Wahlkampf und die Kooperation mit deutschen Rechtsextremen. Als zentrale Bestandteile einer angemessenen Medienbildung werden neben (1) der Vermittlung von Recherche- und Analysestrategien (2) die Förderung eines «gesunden Masses an Skeptizismus» (Lewandowsky et al. 2012, 121) gegenüber Informationsquellen, (3) die Aufklärung über Manipulationsstrategien in zeitlicher und räumlicher Nähe zur Desinformation und (4) die Verschränkung von Medienbildung und politischer Bildung empfohlen.

Desinformationen haben mit dem digitalen Wandel eine neue Qualität erreicht. Für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt und das Gelingen demokratischer Prozesse gehört das Erkennen von und der Umgang mit Desinformation sowohl auf individueller als auch gesellschaftlicher Ebene zu den zentralen Herausforderungen. Doch allein das Erkennen genügt oft nicht, um Desinformationen und postfaktischen Überzeugungen effektiv entgegenzuwirken. Dementsprechend schlagen wir im Beitrag einen Ansatz vor, der sich der aktiven Dekonstruktion von Desinformationen widmet und auch die kreative Gestaltung von Narrativen und Weltbildern in den Mittelpunkt rückt. Der Beitrag setzt dafür zunächst die Konzeption Öffentlichkeit ins Verhältnis zu Desinformationen und digitalen Technologien. Anschliessend werden am Beispiel von Datenvisualisierungen und Karten einige kreative Datenpraktiken vorgestellt und diskutiert, um das Erkennen, Gestalten und Dekonstruieren aus einer medienpädagogischen Perspektive heraus zu adressieren.

Sicherheitsrelevante Falschinformationen in den sozialen Medien stellen Behörden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben (BOS) zunehmend vor Herausforderungen. Auf Grundlage von zehn Expert:inneninterviews mit Vertreter:innen deutscher BOS, ergänzt durch Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur, untersucht die vorliegende explorative Studie die Erfahrungen und damit zusammenhängenden Herausforderungen deutscher BOS mit Falschinformationen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass viele BOS-Vertreter:innen Falschinformationen mit (als unzutreffend empfundener) Kritik an der eigenen Institution verbinden. Einige BOS begegnen hauptsächlich Gerüchten und Spekulationen (Misinformation) einer verunsicherten Bevölkerung. Intendierte, politische Desinformation betrifft hauptsächlich BOS in Großstädten und auf Bundesebene. Dazu gehören gegen die Polizei gerichtete sowie rassistische Desinformationskampagnen und ideologisch motivierte Desinformation im Zusammenhang mit Covid-19. Bei möglichen Reaktionen auf Falschinformationen stehen BOS in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Schutz der demokratischen Öffentlichkeit vor Falschinformationen sowie Meinungsfreiheit und Datenschutz. Alle BOS begegnen zudem Herausforderungen wie einem geringen behördeninternen Problembewusstsein, Ressourcenmangel, psychischen Belastungen, Abstimmungs- und Zuständigkeitsproblemen. Hier anzusetzen, könnte BOS im Kampf gegen Falschinformationen stärken.

Communication and public relations practitioners are sometimes criticized for their use of inauthentic strategies. Among them, astroturfing which consists ofsimulating public opinion while keeping one's identity secret. This issue raises ethical questions in democratic societies A scientific literature is developing on the subject.However, it appears that many definitions of the concept of astroturfing coexist, thus; complicating its study. This article proposes a comprehensive definition of astroturfing that overcomes some of the pitfalls identified in a systematic literature review. Based on this definition, a clear typology of astroturfing tactics is then established. Next, a contingency model is proposed to situate communication tactics on a continuum ranging from grassroots to astroturf. This model is,then,illustrated by three case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In July 2021, in France, the hashtag "#NousSavons" ("#WeK-now") emerged, aimed at rallying COVID skeptics on Twitter. Creating a genuine online community, this hashtag mobilized its members by having them question dominant forms of knowledge. This article examines the architecture of the discourses developed by the members of the #NousSavons community. Analysis: The analysis considers two of this community's initiatives that supported a conspiracy-based perception of COVID-19: establishing the legitimacy of their perception of the crisis and publicizing this perception. Conclusions and implications: This article shows the diversity of evidence put forward by the community as well as the latter's singular positioning with regard to the truth. It also analyzes the refinement of the communication practices that were implemented in order to convince members of the public sphere of the legitimacy of their viewpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This article looks at discourses using alleged scientific sources to support or oppose political positions on the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Analysis: The authors analyzed more than 3.3 million tweets, sorted according to linguistic rules, from a broader database of tweets related to the pandemic. The focus of this analysis was tweets containing affirmations, allusions, or questionings allegedly referring to scientific studies and hypotheses or authoritative sources in order to legitimize a position as being based on scientific truth. Conclusion and implication: The study shows that scientific sources are largely mobilized in networks of information and disinformation and are heavily present in a vast proportion of anti-science and negationist arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Configurações is the property of Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To contribute to the expanding literature on misinformation in contexts beyond developed countries, this article seeks answers to questions such as: Who are the individuals more susceptible to misinformation? What determines such a vulnerability? This research employs a sample of Brazilian voters surveyed between May and June 2019, and it concludes that partisan preferences alone do not explain susceptibility to misinformation. The impact of partisanship on proneness to misinformation is moderated by analytical ability, need for cognition, and political knowledge. People with high levels of these attributes tend to be more capable of evaluating information through the lens of their political beliefs. Furthermore, the findings suggest that individuals with the highest trust in professional journalism may be less prone to misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agnotologische Strategien bezwecken mittels Desinformation, Hacking, Cyberangriffen, Propaganda, Betrug, Gaslighting, Nudging, Überflutung, Zensur, selektiver Geheimhaltung oder Zugriffsbarrieren zu den Wissensinfrastrukturen den Abbau von Wissen und das Disabling von Entscheidungen der jeweiligen Targets. Manipulatoren wollen bei den Targets eine irreführende, intransparente und/oder lückenhafte Wissensbasis schaffen. Der Manipulationserfolg hängt entscheidend vom Strategieverbund und von der Resilienz der Targets ab. Agnotological strategies use disinformation, hacking, cyberattacks, propaganda, fraud, gaslighting, nudging, information overload, censorship, selective secrecy, and/or access barriers to knowledge infrastructures to degrade knowledge and disable decisions of the respective targets. Manipulators aim to create a misleading, non-transparent and/or incomplete knowledge base of targets. The performance of manipulation depends crucially on the nexus of strategies and the resilience of the targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)