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1. Corrigendum: The silent epidemic of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in italy during the covid-19 pandemic in 2020(Front. Endocrinol., (2022), 13, (878634), 10.3389/fendo.2022.878634)

Author

Cherubini, V., Marino, M., Scaramuzza, A. E., Tiberi, V., Bobbio, A., Delvecchio, M., Piccinno, E., Ortolani, F., Innaurato, S., Felappi, B., Gallo, F., Ripoli, C., Ricciardi, M. R., Pascarella, F., Stamati, F. A., Citriniti, F., Arnaldi, C., Monti, S., Graziani, V., De Berardinis, F., Giannini, C., Chiarelli, F., Zampolli, M., De Marco, R., Bracciolini, G. P., Grosso, C., De Donno, V., Piccini, B., Toni, S., Coccioli, S., Cardinale, G., Bassi, M., Minuto, N., D?annunzio, G., Maffeis, C., Marigliano, M., Zanfardino, A., Iafusco, D., Rollato, A. S., Piscopo, A., Curto, S., Lombardo, F., Bombaci, B., Sordelli, S., Mameli, C., Macedoni, M., Rigamonti, A., Bonfanti, R., Frontino, G., Predieri, B., Bruzzi, P., Mozzillo, E., Rosanio, F., Franzese, A., Piredda, G., Cardella, F., Iovane, B., Calcaterra, V., Berioli, M. G., Lasagni, A., Pampanini, V., Patera, P. I., Schiaffini, R., Rutigliano, I., Meloni, G., De Sanctis, L., Tinti, D., Trada, M., Guerraggio, L. P., Franceschi, R., Cauvin, V., Tornese, G., Franco, F., Musolino, G., Maltoni, G., Talarico, V., Iannilli, A., Lenzi, L., Matteoli, M. C., Pozzi, E., Moretti, C., Zucchini, S., Rabbone, I., Gesuita, R., Cherubini, V., Marino, M., Scaramuzza, A. E., Tiberi, V., Bobbio, A., Delvecchio, M., Piccinno, E., Ortolani, F., Innaurato, S., Felappi, B., Gallo, F., Ripoli, C., Ricciardi, M. R., Pascarella, F., Stamati, F. A., Citriniti, F., Arnaldi, C., Monti, S., Graziani, V., De Berardinis, F., Giannini, C., Chiarelli, F., Zampolli, M., De Marco, R., Bracciolini, G. P., Grosso, C., De Donno, V., Piccini, B., Toni, S., Coccioli, S., Cardinale, G., Bassi, M., Minuto, N., D'Annunzio, G., Maffeis, C., Marigliano, M., Zanfardino, A., Iafusco, D., Rollato, A. S., Piscopo, A., Curto, S., Lombardo, F., Bombaci, B., Sordelli, S., Mameli, C., Macedoni, M., Rigamonti, A., Bonfanti, R., Frontino, G., Predieri, B., Bruzzi, P., Mozzillo, E., Rosanio, F., Franzese, A., Piredda, G., Cardella, F., Iovane, B., Calcaterra, V., Berioli, M. G., Lasagni, A., Pampanini, V., Patera, P. I., Schiaffini, R., Rutigliano, I., Meloni, G., De Sanctis, L., Tinti, D., Trada, M., Guerraggio, L. P., Franceschi, R., Cauvin, V., Tornese, G., Franco, F., Musolino, G., Maltoni, G., Talarico, V., Iannilli, A., Lenzi, L., Matteoli, M. C., Pozzi, E., Moretti, C., Zucchini, S., Rabbone, I., and Gesuita, R.

Subjects
socioeconomic status, COVID - 19, type 1 diabetes, DKA, socioeconomic statu, diabetes onset
Abstract

In the published article, there was an error in affiliation(s) 29. Instead of “Departement of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milano, Italy”, it should be “Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

Published
2022

13. Insulin pump failures in Italian children with Type 1 diabetes: retrospective 1-year cohort study

Author

Rabbone, I., Minuto, N., Bonfanti, R., Marigliano, M., Cerutti, F., Cherubini, V., d(')Annunzio, G., Frongia, A. P., Iafusco, D., Ignaccolo, G., Lombardo, F., Schiaffini, R., Toni, S., Tumini, S., Zucchini, S., Pistorio, A., Scaramuzza, A. E., Scaramuuzza, A. E., Lera, R., Secco, A., Bobbio, A., Bechaz, M., Piccinno, E., Natale, M. P., Ortolani, F., Zecchino, C., Lonero, A., Maltoni, G., Pasquino, B., Gallo, F., Frongia, P., Ripoli, C., Lo Presti, D., Timpanaro, T., Citriniti, F., Suprani, T., Carinci, S., Cipriano, P., Lazzaro, N., De Donno, V., Gallarotti, F., Lenzi, L., Piccini, B., Vittorio, L., Russo, C., Borea, R., Mamm(`i), F., Bruzzese, M., Ventrici, C., Salzano, G., Frontino, G., Bonura, C., Favalli, V., Scaramuzza, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Ferrari, M., Iughetti, L., Predieri, B., Franzese, A., Mozzillo, E., Buono, P., Confetto, S., Zanfardino, A., Cadario, F., Savastio, S., Fiorito, C., Barbieri, P., Piredda, G., Cardella, F., Ropolo, R., Federico, G., Marchi, B., Benevento, D., Carducci, C., Mancabitti, M. L., Delvecchio, M., Lapolla, R., Gaiero, A., Fichera, G., Ignaccolo, M. G., Tinti, D., Cauvin, V., Franceschi, R., Biagioni, M., Salvatoni, A., Scolari, A., Maffeis, C., Sabbion, A., Arnaldi, C., Tosini, D., Rabbone, I, Minuto, N., Bonfanti, R., Marigliano, M., Cerutti, F., Cherubini, V., D'Annunzio, G., Frongia, A. P., Iafusco, Dario, Ignaccolo, G., Lombardo, F., Schiaffini, R., Toni, S., Tumini, S., Zucchini, S., Pistorio, A., Scaramuzza, A. E., Rabbone, I., Iafusco, D., Lera, R., Secco, A., Bobbio, A., Bechaz, M., Piccinno, E., Natale, M. P., Ortolani, F., Zecchino, C., Lonero, A., Maltoni, G., Pasquino, B., Gallo, F., Frongia, P., Ripoli, C., Lo Presti, D., Timpanaro, T., Citriniti, F., Suprani, T., Carinci, S., Cipriano, P., Lazzaro, N., De Donno, V., Gallarotti, F., Lenzi, L., Piccini, B., Vittorio, L., Russo, C., Borea, R., Mammi, F., Bruzzese, M., Ventrici, C., Salzano, G., Frontino, G., Bonura, C., Favalli, V., Scaramuzza, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Ferrari, M., Iughetti, L., Predieri, B., Franzese, A., Mozzillo, E., Buono, P., Confetto, S., Zanfardino, A., Cadario, F., Savastio, S., Fiorito, C., Barbieri, P., Piredda, G., Cardella, F., Ropolo, R., Federico, G., Marchi, B., Benevento, D., Carducci, C., Mancabitti, M. L., Del Vecchio, M., Lapolla, R., Gaiero, A., Fichera, G., Ignaccolo, M. G., Tinti, D., Cauvin, V., Franceschi, R., Biagioni, M., Salvatoni, A., Scolari, A., Maffeis, C., Sabbion, A., Arnaldi, C., Tosini, D., Rabbone, Minuto, Mammì, F., and Mozzillo, Enza.

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Equipment Failure, Female, Humans, Infant, Insulin, Italy, Retrospective Studies, Insulin Infusion Systems, type 1 diabetes, medicine.medical_treatment, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Diabetes, Diabetology, failure, Diabetes and Metabolism, children and adolescents, insulin pump, Cohort study, Type 1, Human, Insulin pump, medicine.medical_specialty, Disease duration, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Preschool, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Diabetes, Type1, Pump, Insulin, Type1, Retrospective cohort study, Pump, medicine.disease, Surgery, Insulin Infusion System, business
Abstract

Aims Insulin pump failure and/or malfunction requiring replacement have not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated pump replacement in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy. Methods Data were collected for all participants younger than 19 years, starting insulin pump therapy before 31 December 2013. For each child, age, disease duration, date of insulin pump therapy initiation, insulin pump model, failure/malfunction/replacement yes/no and reason were considered for the year 2013. Results Data were returned by 40 of 43 paediatric centres belonging to the Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology. In total, 1574 of 11 311 (13.9%) children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes were using an insulin pump: 29.2% Animas VIBE™, 9.4% Medtronic MiniMed 715/515™, 34.3% Medtronic MiniMed VEO™, 24.3% Accu-Check Spirit Combo™ and 2.8% other models. In 2013, 0.165 insulin pump replacements per patient-year (11.8% due to pump failure/malfunction and 4.7% due to accidental damage) were recorded. Animas VIBE™ (22.1%) and Medtronic MiniMed VEO™ (17.7%) were the most replaced. Conclusions In a large cohort of Italian children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, insulin pump failure/malfunction and consequent replacement are aligned with rates previously reported and higher in more sophisticated pump models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

14. Erratum: Organization and regional distribution of centers for the management of children and adolescents with diabetes in Italy (Ital J Pediatr (2015) 41 (74) DOI:10.1186/s13052-015-0179-6)

Author

Giorgetti, C., Ferrito, L., Zallocco, F., Iannilli, A., Cherubini, V., Maghnie, M., Rabbone, I., Lera, R., De Luna, L., Kienberger, B., Gualtieri, A., Zecchino, C., Piccino, E., Ortolani, F., Zucchini, S., Maltoni, G., Pasquino, B., Reinstadler, P., Prandi, E., Zattoni, V., Gallo, F., Morganti, G., Guerraggio, L., Ripoli, C., Frongia, M., Pusceddu, P., La Loggia, A., Scanu, P., Cardinale, G., Ponzi, G., Tomaselli, L. G., Rapisarda, V., Citriniti, F., Soprani, T., Tumini, S., Lazzaro, N., De Donno, V., Banin, P., Toni, S., Lenzi, L., Mainetti, B., Coccioli, M. S., D(')Annunzio, G., Minuto, N., Montani, E., Maccioni, R., Marongiu, U., Beccaria, L., Bruzzese, M., Mamm(`i), F., Pardi, D., Lombardo, F., Ventrici, C., Scaramazza, A., Ferrari, M., Bonfanti, R., Rigamonti, A., Iughetti, L., Predieri, B., Iafusco, D., Confetto, S., Zanfardino, A., Prisco, F., Francese, A., De Nitto, E., Cadario, F., Milia, A., Piredda, G., Mereu, L., Soro, M., Correddu, A., Pipia, A., Monciotti, C., Cardella, F., De Berardinis, F., Santoro, G., Chiari, G., Berioli, M. G., Federico, G., Zanette, G., Marsciani, A., Pedini, A., Patera, I. P., Schiaffini, R., Bitti, M., Lidano, R., Pietrosanti, S., Delvecchio, M., Trada, M., Marinaro, A., Meloni, G., Gaiero, A., Fichera, G., Bulciolu, P., Ignaccolo, G., Cauvin, V., Franceschi, R., Faleschini, E., Tornese, G., Salvatoni, A., Cardani, R., Maffeis, C., Marigliano, M., Sabbion, A., and Arnaldi, C.

Subjects
children, type 1 diabetes, children, adolescents, adolescents
Published
2016

15. High prevalence of glucokinase mutations in Italian children with MODY. Influence on glucose tolerance, first-phase insulin response, insulin sensitivity and BMI

Author

Massa O., Meschi F., Cuesta-Munoz A., Caumo A., Cerutti F., Toni S., Cherubini V., Guazzarotti L., Sulli N., Matschinsky F. M., Lorini R., Iafusco D., Barbetti F., Alibrandi A., Angius E., Bonfanti R., Borboni P., Bernasconi S., Cadario F., Calisti L., Cappa M., Cauvin V., Chiumello G., Cicchetti M., Contreas G., Crino A., D' Annunzio G., Franzese A., Frongia P., Iughetti L., Magro G., Marietti G., Martinucci M., Meossi C., Multari G., Rabbone I., Scaramuzza A., Vanelli M., Vanini R., Visentin A., Vitullo P., Massa, O., Meschi, F., Cuesta-Munoz, A., Caumo, A., Cerutti, F., Toni, S., Cherubini, V., Guazzarotti, L., Sulli, N., Matschinsky, F. M., Lorini, R., Iafusco, D., Barbetti, F., Alibrandi, A., Angius, E., Bonfanti, R., Borboni, P., Bernasconi, S., Cadario, F., Calisti, L., Cappa, M., Cauvin, V., Chiumello, G., Cicchetti, M., Contreas, G., Crino, A., D' Annunzio, G., Franzese, A., Frongia, P., Iughetti, L., Magro, G., Marietti, G., Martinucci, M., Meossi, C., Multari, G., Rabbone, I., Scaramuzza, A., Vanelli, M., Vanini, R., Visentin, A., and Vitullo, P.

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, MODY 2, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucokinase, BMI, Italy, Glucokinase, Insulin secretion, Insulin sensitivity, Amino Acid Substitution, Child, Conserved Sequence, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, Mutation, Missense, Obesity, Pedigree, Sensitivity and Specificity, Body Mass Index, Mutation, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, Impaired glucose tolerance, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, Type 2, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, medicine.disease, Impaired fasting glucose, Endocrinology, Missense
Abstract

Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of glucokinase gene mutations in Italian children with MODY and to investigate genotype/phenotype correlations of the mutants. Methods. Screening for sequence variants in the glucokinase gene was performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing in 132 children with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and in 9 children with chronic fasting hyperglycaemia but without laboratory evidence for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and with normoglycaemic parents ("non-classical" MODY). Results. Altogether 54 mutations were identified in the MODY group (54/132 or 41%) and 3 among the "non-classical" MODY individuals (3/9 or 33%). Paternity testing indicated that the latter mutations have arisen de novo. Mean fasting plasma glucose concentrations of the children with the mutant glucokinase was in the expected impaired fasting glucose range. In contrast, results of the oral glucose tolerance test showed a wide range from normal glucose tolerance (Group 1: 2-h OGTT = 6.7 ± 1.1 mmol/l; 11 patients) to diabetes (Group 2: 2-h OGTT = 11.5 ± 0.5 m-mol/l; 9 patients), with the remaining in the impaired glucose tolerance range. Disruptive mutations (i.e. nonsense, frameshifts, splice-site) were equally represented in Groups 1 and 2 and were not clearly associated with an impaired first-phase insulin response. Surprisingly, 5 out of 11 children (or 45 %) in Group 1 were found to be overweight but no children in Group 2 were overweight. Sensitivity index (SI), calculated by a recently described method, was found to be significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 (SI Group 2 = 0.0013 ± 0.0009 ml Kg-1 min-1/μU/ml; SI Group 1 = 0.0068 ± 0.0048, p < 0.0035). Conclusion/interpretation. Mutations in glucokinase are the first cause of MODY among Italian children selected through a low threshold limit of fasting plasma glucose (i. e. > 5.5 mmol). The lack of correlation between the molecular severity of glucokinase mutations, insulin secretion at intravenous glucose tolerance test and differences in glucose tolerance suggests that factors outside the beta cell are also involved in determining post-load glucose concentrations in these subjects. Our results seem to indicate that the differences observed in the 2-h responses at the OGTT among children with MODY 2 could be related to individual differences in insulin sensitivity.

Published
2001

16. The osteopontin gene +1239A/C single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Italian population

Author

Chiocchetti, A., Orilieri, E., Cappellano, G., Barizzone, N., D Alfonso, S., D Annunzio, G., Lorini, R., Ravazzolo, R., Cadario, F., Martinetti, M., Calcaterra, V., Cerutti, F., Graziella BRUNO, Larizza, D., and Dianzani, U.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Immunology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, Proinflammatory cytokine, HLA-DQ Antigens, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Genetic predisposition, HLA-DQ beta-Chains, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Osteopontin, Child, Pharmacology, Genetics, Type 1 diabetes, biology, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, biology.protein, Female, Protein Multimerization, business, TCF7L2, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Secreted phosphoprotein 1, also known as Osteopontin (Opn), is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the TH1 response and is highly expressed in the islets and pancreatic lymph nodes of non-obese diabetic mice before the onset of diabetes. In humans, typing of the +1239A/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3'UTR of the Opn gene (SPP1) showed that +1239C carriers displayed higher Opn serum levels than +1239A homozygotes and a higher risk of developing autoimmune/lymphoproliferative syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether +1239A/C is also associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We typed +1239A/C in an initial cohort of 184 T1DM patients and 361 controls, and confirmed our data in a second cohort of 513 patients and 857 controls. In both cohorts, +1239C carriers displayed a significantly higher risk of T1DM than +1239A homozygotes (combined cohorts: OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.34–1.97). Clinical analysis did not detect any differences between patients carrying or not +1239C in terms of gender distribution and age at T1DM diagnosis. These data suggest that SPP1 variants marked by +1239C are associated with T1DM development in the Italian population. The predisposing effect may depend on its effect on Opn levels.

Published
2010

18. Multi-access services for the management of diabetes mellitus: The M2DM project

Author

Bellazzi, R., Brugues, E., Carson, E., Cobelli, C., Cramp, D., D Annunzio, G., Pasquale De Cata, Leiva, A., Deutsch, T., Fratino, P., Gazzaruso, C., Gergely, T., Gomez, Ej, Harvey, F., Ferrari, P., Friederich, Ch, Hernando, E., Boulos, Mk, Larizza, C., Ludekke, H., Luebker, M., Maran, A., Nucci, G., Garcia, Fo, Pennati, C., Rendschmidt, T., Roudsari, A., Schutte, K., and Stefanelli, M.

Published
2002

22. The Registry for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Italy (RIDI) project | Il progetto per il registro italiano del Diabete Mellito insulino-dipendente (RIDI)

Author

Cherubini, V., Carle, F., Iannilli, A., Kantar, A., Coppa, G. V., Chiumello, G., Angius, E., Banin, P., Bellù, L., Berardi, R., Bernasconi, S., Mariani, S., Boscherini, B., Fonte, M. T., Cacciari, E., Salardi, S., Cadario, F., Calisti, Cardella, F., Cavallo, L., Cerasoli, G., Cerutti, F., Chiarelli, F., Verrotti, A., Cicchetti, M., Cotellessa, M., Picco, P., Crino, A., Dammacco, F., Giorgi, G., Luca, F., Falorni, A., Fifi, A., Franzese, A., Gargantini, G., Giorgetti, R., Guazzarotti, L., La Loggia, A., Lorini, R., D Annunzio, G., Lucentini, L., Mannazzu, M. C., Marietti, G., Marsciani, A., Martinucci, M., Mastrangelo, C., Meossi, C., Meschi, F., Monciotti, C., Multari, G., Pinelli, L., Pocecco, M., Prisco, F., Jafusco, D., Reitano, G., Sacchini, P., Sacco, M., Alessandro Salvatoni, Scaramuzza, A., Vanelli, M., Chiari, G., Vanini, R., Visentin, A., and Zanini, R.

31. Multi-access Services for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: The M2DM Project

Author

Bellazzi, R., Bensa, G., Brugues, E., Carson, E., Cobelli, C., Cramp, D., D Annunzio, G., Pasquale De Cata, Leiva, A., Deutsch, T., Fratino, P., Gazzaruso, C., Garcia, A., Gergely, T., Gomez, E., Harvey, F., Ferrari, P., Friederich, Ch, Hernando, E., Boulos, Mk, Larizza, C., Ludekke, H., Luebker, M., Maran, A., Nucci, G., Garcia, Fo, Pennati, C., Roudsari, A., Rigla, M., Schutte, K., and Stefanelli, M.

Subjects
Posters

32. The Registry for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Italy (RIDI) project,Il progetto per il registro italiano del Diabete Mellito insulino-dipendente (RIDI)

Author

Cherubini, V., Carle, F., Iannilli, A., Kantar, A., Coppa, G. V., Chiumello, G., Angius, E., Banin, P., Bellù, L., Berardi, R., Bernasconi, S., Mariani, S., Boscherini, B., Fonte, M. T., Cacciari, E., Salardi, S., Cadario, F., Calisti, francesca cardella, Cavallo, L., Cerasoli, G., Cerutti, F., Chiarelli, F., Verrotti, A., Cicchetti, M., Cotellessa, M., Picco, P., Crino, A., Dammacco, F., Giorgi, G., Luca, F., Falorni, A., Fifi, A., Franzese, A., Gargantini, G., Giorgetti, R., Guazzarotti, L., La Loggia, A., Lorini, R., D Annunzio, G., Lucentini, L., Mannazzu, M. C., Marietti, G., Marsciani, A., Martinucci, M., Mastrangelo, C., Meossi, C., Meschi, F., Monciotti, C., Multari, G., Pinelli, L., Pocecco, M., Prisco, F., Jafusco, D., Reitano, G., Sacchini, P., Sacco, M., Salvatoni, A., Scaramuzza, A., Vanelli, M., Chiari, G., Vanini, R., Visentin, A., and Zanini, R.

33. Clinical and neurophysiological study in diabetic children and adolescents

Author

Moglia, A., Lorini, R., D Annunzio, G., Lanzi, G., angela berardinelli, and Zandrini, C.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Age Factors, Neural Conduction, Brain, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Body Height, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Neuropathies, Sural Nerve, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Age of Onset, Child, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

We investigated 82 unselected insulin dependent diabetes mellitus children and adolescents by clinical and electrophysiological evaluation to assess the frequency of diabetic neuropathy and to relate the results to age and height of patients, duration of illness and degree of metabolic control. Clinical abnormalities were found in about 1/3 of patients: these signs of diabetic neuropathy were related to the age and the duration of diabetes but not to the degree of metabolic control. Neurophysiological study showed alterations, especially of sensory nerve conduction. These results were seen to be related to height and age of patients and duration of illness but not to the degree of metabolic control, probably due to the young age of the patients. Our study confirms that diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous disorder that may be caused by the interaction of host susceptibility and vascular, metabolic and perhaps environmental components also in diabetic children.

35. Epidemiology of diabetic ketoacidosis in Italy | Epidemiologia della chetoacidosi diabetica in Italia

Author

valentino cherubini, Gesuita, R., Sternardi, S., Ferrito, L., Lenzi, L., Iannilli, A., Piccini, B., Skrami, E., Nicolucci, A., Pintaudi, B., Toni, S., Lera, R., Luna, L., Kienberger, B., Gualtieri, A., Zecchino, C., Piccino, E., Ortolani, F., Zucchini, S., Maltoni, G., Pasquino, B., Reinstadler, P., Prandi, E., Zattoni, V., Gallo, F., Morganti, G., Guerraggio, L., Ripoli, C., Frongia, M., Pusceddu, P., La Loggia, A., Scanu, P., Cardinale, G., Ponzi, G., Tomaselli, L. G., Rapisarda, V., Citriniti, F., Soprani, T., Tumini, S., Lazzaro, N., Donno, V., Banin, P., Mainetti, B., Coccioli, M. S., D Annunzio, G., Minuto, N., Montani, E., Maccioni, R., Marongiu, U., Beccaria, L., Bruzzese, M., Mammì, F., Pardi, D., Lombardo, F., Ventrici, C., Scaramazza, A., Ferrari, M., Bonfanti, R., Rigamonti, A., Iughetti, L., Predieri, B., Iafusco, D., Confetto, S., Zanfardino, A., Prisco, F., Franzese, A., Nitto, E., Cadario, F., Milia, A., Piredda, G., Mereu, L., Soro, M., Correddu, A., Pipia, A., Monciotti, C., Cardella, F., Berardinis, F., Santoro, G., Chiari, G., Berioli, M. G., Federico, G., Zanette, G., Marsciani, A., Pedini, A., Patera, I. P., Schiaffini, R., Bitti, M., Lidano, R., Pietrosanti, S., Delvecchio, M., Trada, M., Marinaro, A., Meloni, G., Galero, A., Fichera, G., Bulciolu, P., Rabbone, I., Ignaccolo, G., Cauvin, V., Franceschi, R., Faleschini, E., Tornese, G., Salvatoni, A., Cardani, R., Maffeis, C., Marigliano, M., Sabbion, A., and Arnaldi, C.

36. Younger age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children of immigrated families born in Italy

Author

Cadario, F., Vercellotti, A., Trada, M., Zaffaroni, M., Rapa, A., Iafusco, D., Salardi, S., Baldelli, R., Bona, G., Rigardo, S., Lera, R., Cherubini, V., Francolini, S., Fifi, A., Scaramuzza, A., Cavallo, L., Zucchini, S., Corbelli, E., Gallo, F., Zedda, M. A., Angius, E., Ripoli, C., La Loggia, A., Scalia, G., Cicchetti, M., Macchiaroli, A., Oteri, F., Pocecco, M., Cerasoli, G., Sperlì, D., Montaldo, M., Startari, L., Vergerio, A., Banin, P., Martinucci, M., Toni, S., Mastrangelo, C., Lorini, R., D Annunzio, G., Cotellessa, M., Minicucci, L., Pescarmona, M., Di Quinci, M., Lombardo, F., Iughetti, L., Predieri, B., Boccato, S., Prisco, F., Mongiotti, C., Cardella, F., Vanelli, M., Chiari, G., Zanasi, P., Larizza, D., Borghesi, A., Giorgi, G., Calisti, L., Menchini, S., Marsciani, A., Pausini, L., Patera, P., Crinò, A., Cerutti, F., Sacchetti, C., Rabbone, I., Fontana, F., Giorgetti, R., Trussi, G., Cauvin, V., Gargantini, L., Tenore, A., Zanatta, M., Alessandro Salvatoni, Fusari, M., Araldi, C., Cadario F, Vercellotti A, Trada M, Zaffaroni M, Rapa A, Iafusco D, Salardi S, Baldelli R, Bona G, Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology., Cadario, F, Vercellotti, A, Trada, M, Zaffaroni, M, Rapa, A, Iafusco, Dario, Salardi, S, Baldelli, R, Bona, G, DIABETES STUDY GROUP OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY FOR, Pediatric, and ENDOCRINOLOGY AND, Diabetology

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Younger age, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Age at diagnosis, Developing country, TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, Developing countries, Endocrinology, Accelerator hypothesis, Risk Factors, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Humans, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Age of Onset, European union, Child, Developing Countries, media_common, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Pediatric diabetes, IMMIGRATED CHILDREN, Hygiene hypothesis, Emigration and Immigration, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Italy, Child, Preschool, Cohort, Female, business
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the age of immigrants' children at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) according to their country of birth. Immigration from developing countries to a westernised area causes rapid changes in the environmental conditions, and we investigated whether the location of birth, either inside or outside Italy, is associated with age at diagnosis of diabetes. Out of a prevalent hospital-based cohort of 5718 T1DM children cared for in 2002 in 47 Italian Pediatric Diabetes Units, we recruited 195 children (M: 97) of immigrants from developing countries--119 were born in Italy and 76 outside the European Union. Children with only one immigrant parent (no. 42) were also included. Age at diagnosis of T1DM, and other variables were compared with those of Italian children. Children of immigrated families born in Italy developed T1DM at a median age of 4.0 yr (IQR 2.2-6.9), whereas those born in developing countries and that had immigrated to Italy after birth developed T1DM at a median age of 7.9 yr (IQR 5.1-10.7, p < 0.001). Among the children born in Italy, 77 had parents who were both immigrants and the children's median age at diagnosis was 3.8 yr (IQR 2.1-6.3); 42 had only one immigrant parent and, when it was the father (no. = 23), median age was even younger (2.9 yr, IQR 2.0-8.2). Ten children had immigrated in their first yr of life and their median age was 9.1 yr (IQR 5.0-10.6). The median age of the Italian children was 6.6 yr (IQR 3.6-9.5). Results show that the outbreak of T1DM is earlier in immigrants' children born in Italy than in original countries.

38. Geographical variation and rising trend of type 1 diabetes in Italy

Author

Cherubini V, Carle F, Gesuita R, Bruno G, Cotellessa M, Devoti G, Falorni A, Martinucci ME, Pinelli A, Prisco F, Sondini M, Visalli N, RIDI Study Group (P Barbieri, L Carpinelli, A Casu, F Cerutti, GV Coppa, G D'Annunzio, G De Giorgi, M Di Meio, P Frongia, A Gentili, Iafusco D, A Iannilli, R Lorini, G Marietti, AM Marinaro, M Mazzella, A Medici, F Merletti, G Pagano, ML Picchio, P Pozzilli, F Santeusanio, MT Tenconi, S Toni. ), F. Carle, R. Gesuita, G. Bruno, M. Cotellessa, G. Devoti, A. Falorni, M. E. Martinucci, A. Pinelli, F. Prisco, M. Songini, N. Visalli, RIDI Study Group, Barbieri, L Carpinelli, A Casu, F Cerutti, GV Coppa, G D' Annunzio, G De Giorgi, M Di Meio, P Frongia, A Gentili, D Iafusco, A Iannilli, R Lorini, G Marietti, AM Marinaro, M Mazzella, A Medici, F Merletti, G Pagano, ML Picchio, P Pozzilli, F Santeusanio, MT Tenconi, S Toni., Cherubini, V, Carle, F, Gesuita, R, Bruno, G, Cotellessa, M, Devoti, G, Falorni, A, Martinucci, Me, Pinelli, A, Prisco, F, Sondini, M, Visalli, N, RIDI Study Group (P, Barbieri, L, Carpinelli, A, Casu, F, Cerutti, Gv, Coppa, G, D'Annunzio, G De, Giorgi, M Di, Meio, P, Frongia, A, Gentili, Iafusco, D, A, Iannilli, R, Lorini, G, Marietti, Am, Marinaro, M, Mazzella, A, Medici, F, Merletti, G, Pagano, Ml, Picchio, P, Pozzilli, F, Santeusanio, Mt, Tenconi, and S, Toni. ).

Published
2002

39. High frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italian children: a nationwide longitudinal study, 2004-2013.

Author

Cherubini V, Skrami E, Ferrito L, Zucchini S, Scaramuzza A, Bonfanti R, Buono P, Cardella F, Cauvin V, Chiari G, D Annunzio G, Frongia AP, Iafusco D, Patera IP, Toni S, Tumini S, Rabbone I, Lombardo F, Carle F, and Gesuita R

Subjects
Adolescent, Age Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 diagnosis, Diabetic Ketoacidosis diagnosis, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 epidemiology, Diabetic Ketoacidosis epidemiology
Abstract

This longitudinal population-based study analyses the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at type 1 diabetes diagnosis in Italian children under 15 years of age, during 2004-2013. DKA was defined as absent (pH ≥ 7.30), mild/moderate (7.1 ≤ pH < 7.30) and severe (pH < 7.1). Two multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the time trend of DKA frequency considered as present versus absent and severe versus absent, adjusted for gender, age group and geographical area of residence at diagnosis. Overall, 9,040 cases were ascertained. DKA frequency was 40.3% (95%CI: 39.3-41.4%), with 29.1% and 11.2% for mild/moderate and severe DKA, respectively. Severe DKA increased significantly during the period (OR = 1.03, 95%CI: 1.003-1.05). Younger-age children and children living in Southern Italy compared to Central Italy were at significantly higher risk of DKA and severe DKA. Family history of type 1 diabetes and residence in Sardinia compared to Central Italy were significantly associated with a lower probability of DKA and severe DKA. The high frequency of ketoacidosis in Italy over time and high variability among age groups and geographical area of residence, strongly suggests a continuing need for nationwide healthcare strategies to increase awareness of early detection of diabetes.

Published
2016
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40. The osteopontin gene +1239A/C single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Italian population.

Author

Chiocchetti A, Orilieri E, Cappellano G, Barizzone N, D' Alfonso S, D' Annunzio G, Lorini R, Ravazzolo R, Cadario F, Martinetti M, Calcaterra V, Cerutti F, Bruno G, Larizza D, and Dianzani U

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, HLA-DQ Antigens chemistry, HLA-DQ Antigens genetics, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, HLA-DQ beta-Chains, Humans, Male, Protein Multimerization, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Osteopontin genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract

Secreted phosphoprotein 1, also known as Osteopontin (Opn), is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the TH1 response and is highly expressed in the islets and pancreatic lymph nodes of non-obese diabetic mice before the onset of diabetes. In humans, typing of the +1239A/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3UTR of the Opn gene (SPP1) showed that +1239C carriers displayed higher Opn serum levels than +1239A homozygotes and a higher risk of developing autoimmune/lymphoproliferative syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether +1239A/C is also associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We typed +1239A/C in an initial cohort of 184 T1DM patients and 361 controls, and confirmed our data in a second cohort of 513 patients and 857 controls. In both cohorts, +1239C carriers displayed a significantly higher risk of T1DM than +1239A homozygotes (combined cohorts: OR=1.63, 95 percent CI: 1.34-1.97). Clinical analysis did not detect any differences between patients carrying or not +1239C in terms of gender distribution and age at T1DM diagnosis. These data suggest that SPP1 variants marked by +1239C are associated with T1DM development in the Italian population. The predisposing effect may depend on its effect on Opn levels.

Published
2010
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