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3. Initial Upper Palaeolithic material culture by 45,000 years ago at Shiyu in northern China

Author

Yang, Shi-Xia, Zhang, Jia-Fu, Yue, Jian-Ping, Wood, Rachel, Guo, Yu-Jie, Wang, Han, Luo, Wu-Gan, Zhang, Yue, Raguin, Emeline, Zhao, Ke-Liang, Zhang, Yu-Xiu, Huan, Fa-Xiang, Hou, Ya-Mei, Huang, Wei-Wen, Wang, Yi-Ren, Shi, Jin-Ming, Yuan, Bao-Yin, Ollé, Andreu, Queffelec, Alain, Zhou, Li-Ping, Deng, Cheng-Long, d’Errico, Francesco, and Petraglia, Michael

Published
2024
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12. Border Cave, South Africa

Author

Backwell, Lucinda, d’Errico, Francesco, de la Peña, Paloma, Wadley, Lyn, Beyin, Amanuel, editor, Wright, David K., editor, Wilkins, Jayne, editor, and Olszewski, Deborah I., editor

Published
2023
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16. Unravelling Past Cognition: Approaches Across Disciplines

Author

Straffon, Larissa, Bender, Andrea, Tennie, Claudio, Stout, Dietrich, Greenhill, Simon, and d’Errico, Francesco

Subjects
cognition, Culture, Language, materiality, archaeol-ogy, Anthropology, Comparative Psychology, Cognitive Science
Published
2020

26. Geoarchaeology and zooarchaeology of Border Cave, South Africa: Initial multiproxy considerations of stratigraphy and site formation processes from the Backwell et al. excavations

Author

Stratford, Dominic, Clark, Jamie L., Wojcieszak, Marine, Wadley, Lyn, d’Errico, Francesco, de la Peña, Paloma, Esteban, Irene, Sievers, Christine, Banks, William E., Beard, Thomas, Horn, Maryke, Shadrach, Kelita, Morrissey, Peter, Mauran, Guilhem, and Backwell, Lucinda

Published
2022
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28. Innovative ochre processing and tool use in China 40,000 years ago

Author

Wang, Fa-Gang, Yang, Shi-Xia, Ge, Jun-Yi, Ollé, Andreu, Zhao, Ke-Liang, Yue, Jian-Ping, Rosso, Daniela Eugenia, Douka, Katerina, Guan, Ying, Li, Wen-Yan, Yang, Hai-Yong, Liu, Lian-Qiang, Xie, Fei, Guo, Zheng-Tang, Zhu, Ri-Xiang, Deng, Cheng-Long, d’Errico, Francesco, and Petraglia, Michael

Published
2022
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31. D-aspartate oxidase gene duplication induces social recognition memory deficit in mice and intellectual disabilities in humans

Author

Lombardo, Barbara, Pagani, Marco, De Rosa, Arianna, Nunziato, Marcella, Migliarini, Sara, Garofalo, Martina, Terrile, Marta, D’Argenio, Valeria, Galbusera, Alberto, Nuzzo, Tommaso, Ranieri, Annaluisa, Vitale, Andrea, Leggiero, Eleonora, Di Maio, Anna, Barsotti, Noemi, Borello, Ugo, Napolitano, Francesco, Mandarino, Alessandra, Carotenuto, Marco, Heresco-Levy, Uriel, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Malatesta, Paolo, Gozzi, Alessandro, Errico, Francesco, Salvatore, Francesco, Pastore, Lucio, and Usiello, Alessandro

Published
2022
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32. Diffusion Correction in Fricke Hydrogel Dosimeters: A Deep Learning Approach with 2D and 3D Physics-Informed Neural Network Models.

Author

Romeo, Mattia, Cottone, Grazia, D'Oca, Maria Cristina, Bartolotta, Antonio, Gallo, Salvatore, Miraglia, Roberto, Gerasia, Roberta, Milluzzo, Giuliana, Romano, Francesco, Gagliardo, Cesare, Di Martino, Fabio, d'Errico, Francesco, and Marrale, Maurizio

Subjects
RADIATION dosimetry, IRON ions, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, PHYSICAL laws, MAGNETIC resonance imaging
Abstract

In this work an innovative approach was developed to address a significant challenge in the field of radiation dosimetry: the accurate measurement of spatial dose distributions using Fricke gel dosimeters. Hydrogels are widely used in radiation dosimetry due to their ability to simulate the tissue-equivalent properties of human tissue, making them ideal for measuring and mapping radiation dose distributions. Among the various gel dosimeters, Fricke gels exploit the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions and are particularly notable due to their sensitivity. The concentration of ferric ions can be measured using various techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or spectrophotometry. While Fricke gels offer several advantages, a significant hurdle to their widespread application is the diffusion of ferric ions within the gel matrix. This phenomenon leads to a blurring of the dose distribution over time, compromising the accuracy of dose measurements. To mitigate the issue of ferric ion diffusion, researchers have explored various strategies such as the incorporation of additives or modification of the gel composition to either reduce the mobility of ferric ions or stabilize the gel matrix. The computational method proposed leverages the power of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, to mitigate the effects of ferric ion diffusion that can compromise measurement precision. By employing Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), the method introduces a novel way to apply physical laws directly within the learning process, optimizing the network to adhere to the principles governing ion diffusion. This is particularly advantageous for solving the partial differential equations that describe the diffusion process in 2D and 3D. By inputting the spatial distribution of ferric ions at a given time, along with boundary conditions and the diffusion coefficient, the model can backtrack to accurately reconstruct the original ion distribution. This capability is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of 3D spatial dose measurements, ensuring that the data reflect the true dose distribution without the artifacts introduced by ion migration. Here, multidimensional models able to handle 2D and 3D data were developed and tested against dose distributions numerically evolved in time from 20 to 100 h. The results in terms of various metrics show a significant agreement in both 2D and 3D dose distributions. In particular, the mean square error of the prediction spans the range 1 × 10 − 6 – 1 × 10 − 4 , while the gamma analysis results in a 90–100% passing rate with 3%/2 mm, depending on the elapsed time, the type of distribution modeled and the dimensionality. This method could expand the applicability of Fricke gel dosimeters to a wider range of measurement tasks, from simple planar dose assessments to intricate volumetric analyses. The proposed technique holds great promise for overcoming the limitations imposed by ion diffusion in Fricke gel dosimeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Did Our Species Evolve in Subdivided Populations across Africa, and Why Does It Matter?

Author

Scerri, Eleanor ML, Thomas, Mark G, Manica, Andrea, Gunz, Philipp, Stock, Jay T, Stringer, Chris, Grove, Matt, Groucutt, Huw S, Timmermann, Axel, Rightmire, G Philip, d’Errico, Francesco, Tryon, Christian A, Drake, Nick A, Brooks, Alison S, Dennell, Robin W, Durbin, Richard, Henn, Brenna M, Lee-Thorp, Julia, deMenocal, Peter, Petraglia, Michael D, Thompson, Jessica C, Scally, Aylwyn, and Chikhi, Lounès

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Africa, Animals, Archaeology, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Fossils, Genetics, Population, Geography, Hominidae, Humans, African origins, Middle Stone Age, evolutionary genetics, human evolution, paleoanthropology, paleoecology, Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

We challenge the view that our species, Homo sapiens, evolved within a single population and/or region of Africa. The chronology and physical diversity of Pleistocene human fossils suggest that morphologically varied populations pertaining to the H. sapiens clade lived throughout Africa. Similarly, the African archaeological record demonstrates the polycentric origin and persistence of regionally distinct Pleistocene material culture in a variety of paleoecological settings. Genetic studies also indicate that present-day population structure within Africa extends to deep times, paralleling a paleoenvironmental record of shifting and fractured habitable zones. We argue that these fields support an emerging view of a highly structured African prehistory that should be considered in human evolutionary inferences, prompting new interpretations, questions, and interdisciplinary research directions.

Published
2018

36. Serum D-serine to total serine ratio and glycine levels as predictive biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in frail elderly subjects

Author

Usiello, Alessandro, primary, Imarisio, Alberto, additional, Yahyavi, Isar, additional, Gasparri, Clara, additional, Hassan, Amber, additional, Avenali, Micol, additional, Maio, Anna Di, additional, Buongarzone, Gabriele, additional, Galandra, Caterina, additional, Picascia, Marta, additional, Filosa, Asia, additional, Monti, Maria, additional, Pacchetti, Claudio, additional, Errico, Francesco, additional, Rondanelli, Mariangela, additional, and Valente, Enza Maria, additional

Published
2024
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39. A physical zero-knowledge object-comparison system for nuclear warhead verification

Author

Philippe, Sébastien, Goldston, Robert J., Glaser, Alexander, and d'Errico, Francesco

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Zero-knowledge proofs are mathematical cryptographic methods to demonstrate the validity of a claim while providing no further information beyond the claim itself. The possibility of using such proofs to process classified and other sensitive physical data has attracted attention, especially in the field of nuclear arms control. Here we demonstrate a non-electronic fast neutron differential radiography technique using superheated emulsion detectors that can confirm that two objects are identical without revealing their geometry or composition. Such a technique could form the basis of a verification system that could confirm the authenticity of nuclear weapons without sharing any secret design information. More broadly, by demonstrating a physical zero-knowledge proof that can compare physical properties of objects, this experiment opens the door to developing other such secure proof-systems for other applications., Comment: 7 pages and 4 figures including methods

Published
2016
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46. Earliest known human burial in Africa

Author

Martinón-Torres, María, d’Errico, Francesco, Santos, Elena, Álvaro Gallo, Ana, Amano, Noel, Archer, William, Armitage, Simon J., Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Bermúdez de Castro, José María, Blinkhorn, James, Crowther, Alison, Douka, Katerina, Dubernet, Stéphan, Faulkner, Patrick, Fernández-Colón, Pilar, Kourampas, Nikos, González García, Jorge, Larreina, David, Le Bourdonnec, François-Xavier, MacLeod, George, Martín-Francés, Laura, Massilani, Diyendo, Mercader, Julio, Miller, Jennifer M., Ndiema, Emmanuel, Notario, Belén, Pitarch Martí, Africa, Prendergast, Mary E., Queffelec, Alain, Rigaud, Solange, Roberts, Patrick, Shoaee, Mohammad Javad, Shipton, Ceri, Simpson, Ian, Boivin, Nicole, and Petraglia, Michael D.

Published
2021
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47. High performance liquid chromatography determination of l-glutamate, l-glutamine and glycine content in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum of patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Nuzzo, Tommaso, Mancini, Andrea, Miroballo, Mattia, Casamassa, Alessia, Di Maio, Anna, Donati, Giorgia, Sansone, Giulia, Gaetani, Lorenzo, Paoletti, Federico Paolini, Isidori, Andrea, Calabresi, Paolo, Errico, Francesco, Parnetti, Lucilla, and Usiello, Alessandro

Published
2021
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48. Decreased free D-aspartate levels in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia.

Author

Garofalo, Martina, De Simone, Giuseppe, Motta, Zoraide, Nuzzo, Tommaso, De Grandis, Elisa, Bruno, Claudio, Boeri, Silvia, Riccio, Maria Pia, Pastore, Lucio, Bravaccio, Carmela, Iasevoli, Felice, Salvatore, Francesco, Pollegioni, Loredano, Errico, Francesco, de Bartolomeis, Andrea, and Usiello, Alessandro

Subjects
PEOPLE with schizophrenia, AUTISM spectrum disorders, METHYL aspartate receptors, AMINO acids, ANTI-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Abstract

Introduction: Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by different psychopathological manifestations and divergent clinical trajectories. Various alterations at glutamatergic synapses have been reported in both disorders, including abnormal NMDA and metabotropic receptor signaling. Methods: We conducted a bicentric study to assess the blood serum levels of NMDA receptors-related glutamatergic amino acids and their precursors, including L-glutamate, L-glutamine, D-aspartate, L-aspartate, L-asparagine, Dserine, L-serine and glycine, in ASD, SCZ patients and their respective control subjects. Specifically, the SCZ patients were subdivided into treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant SCZ patients, based on their responsivity to conventional antipsychotics. Results: D-serine and D-aspartate serum reductions were found in SCZ patients compared to controls. Conversely, no significant differences between cases and controls were found in amino acid concentrations in the two ASD cohorts analyzed. Discussion: This result further encourages future research to evaluate the predictive role of selected D-amino acids as peripheral markers for SCZ pathophysiology and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Impact of Serotonin Deficiency on Circadian Dopaminergic Rhythms.

Author

Maddaloni, Giacomo, Barsotti, Noemi, Migliarini, Sara, Giordano, Martina, Nazzi, Serena, Picchi, Marta, Errico, Francesco, Usiello, Alessandro, and Pasqualetti, Massimo

Subjects
DOPAMINE receptors, CIRCADIAN rhythms, SEROTONIN, TYROSINE hydroxylase, KNOCKOUT mice, SUBSTANTIA nigra, DOPAMINERGIC mechanisms
Abstract

Physiology and behavior are structured temporally to anticipate daily cycles of light and dark, ensuring fitness and survival. Neuromodulatory systems in the brain—including those involving serotonin and dopamine—exhibit daily oscillations in neural activity and help shape circadian rhythms. Disrupted neuromodulation can cause circadian abnormalities that are thought to underlie several neuropsychiatric disorders, including bipolar mania and schizophrenia, for which a mechanistic understanding is still lacking. Here, we show that genetically depleting serotonin in Tph2 knockout mice promotes manic-like behaviors and disrupts daily oscillations of the dopamine biosynthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. Specifically, while TH mRNA and protein levels in the Substantia Nigra (SN) and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of wild-type mice doubled between the light and dark phase, TH levels were high throughout the day in Tph2 knockout mice, suggesting a hyperdopaminergic state. Analysis of TH expression in striatal terminal fields also showed blunted rhythms. Additionally, we found low abundance and blunted rhythmicity of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (Cck) in the VTA of knockout mice, a neuropeptide whose downregulation has been implicated in manic-like states in both rodents and humans. Altogether, our results point to a previously unappreciated serotonergic control of circadian dopamine signaling and propose serotonergic dysfunction as an upstream mechanism underlying dopaminergic deregulation and ultimately maladaptive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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