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1. Au-delà de la Ligne verte

Author

Yaşin, Neşe, Chrysanthou, Panicos, Lapierre, Alexandre, Chalvin, Mariéva, Pitsos, Nicolas, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Droit européen, Chypre, Beaux-arts, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Union europeenne
Abstract

Divisée de l’est à l’ouest par le tracé de la Ligne verte — zone démilitarisée contrôlée depuis 1974 par les Casques bleus de l’ONU, également dite Ligne Attila — Chypre a adhéré à l’Union européenne en 2004. Depuis, les négociations pour la réunification de l’île se poursuivent, essayant d’intégrer les principes du droit européen tout en restant conformes aux votes onusiens.Quel impact le contexte diplomatique lié à la « question chypriote » a-t-il sur la création littéraire et cinématographique ? La réalisation artistique peut-elle influencer à son tour l'avancement du règlement de cette question ? L'art peut-il être un moyen, un relais de la volonté du « vivre ensemble » ?Une table ronde pluridisciplinaire fera dialoguer Neşe Yaşın, auteur et poétesse, Panicos Chrysanthou, réalisateur, Alexandre Lapierre, chercheur en sciences politiques, Mariéva Chalvin et Nicolas Pitsos, chargés de collections pour les domaines turc et grec de la BULAC.

Published
2019

2. RENCONTRE AVEC NEARY ADELINE HAY À LA BULAC

Author

Hay, Neary Adeline, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
cambodge, cinéma, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Neary Adeline Hay est née au Cambodge en 1981. Rescapée de la tragédie cambodgienne, elle trouve asile en France avec sa famille et grandit dans la banlieue parisienne. Passionnée par le cinéma, elle achète son premier caméscope à l'âge de seize ans. Neary Adeline Hay fait des études d'arts plastiques et d'arts appliqués. Elle réalise des films expérimentaux et parcourt le monde avec sa caméra. Angkar est son premier film.La réalisatrice filme son père, Cambodgien exilé, de retour au village dans la jungle où il fut déporté pendant le génocide Khmer. Leurs voix-off font contrepoint aux conversations apaisées de cet homme avec ses anciens tortionnaires. Entre passé et présent, les identités se dévoilent, les spectres oubliés ressurgissent et l’histoire, face à l’autre, se raconte enfin.Interview : Amandine D'AzevedoRéalisation : Maxime Ruscio

Published
2019

3. Repenser Stanislavski, fondateur du théâtre russe moderne

Author

Autant-Mathieu, Marie-Christine, Demadre, Emmanuel, Géry, Catherine, Achechova, Aglaé, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Russie, Correspondance, Théâtre - Etude et enseignement, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history
Abstract

Figure majeure du théâtre russe, Konstantin Stanislavski (1863-1938) a laissé une impor­tante correspondance, qui témoigne de son trajet théorique et de sa longue pratique théâtrale. À l’occasion de la parution de sa correspondance, explorez une page d'histoire du théâtre russe...Acteur, metteur en scène, co-fondateur et directeur du Théâtre d’Art de Moscou, Konstantin Stanislavski (1863-1938) est universellement connu comme grand théoricien du théâtre et inventeur d'une méthode de formation de l’acteur, « le Système », consistant en un ensemble de consignes, de règles et d'exercices pour améliorer le jeu de l'acteur.Cette rencontre avec Marie-Christine Autant-Mathieu (CNRS/Eur’ORBEM), qui vient de publier la correspondance de l'homme de théâtre aux éditions Eur'Orbem, sera animée par Catherine Géry et Emmanuel Demadre (Inalco). Elle invitera à relire tout un pan de l’histoire du théâtre russe à travers la correspondance de Stanislavski, qui a été, jusqu’à la fin de l’URSS, lourdement censurée. Elle interrogera ensuite le rapport de Stanislavski aux auteurs de son temps, Tchekhov, Gorki, Boulgakov, Erdman. Elle s'intéressera enfin à la genèse du Système de formation de l’acteur que Stanislavski a testé pendant trente ans.En préambule, Aglaé Achechova, chargée de collections pour le domaine russe de la BULAC, présentera l'exposition Pouchkiniana parisienne et proposera un focus sur le théâtre russe dans les collections de la bibliothèque. Des lectures de lettres de Stanislavski par des étudiantes de l'Inalco ponctueront la rencontre.

Published
2019

4. L’étude de la cristallurie améliore le diagnostic et la prise en charge thérapeutique de la lithiase rénale

Author

Vincent Frochot, Paul Jungers, Dominique Bazin, Michel Daudon, Des Maladies Rénales Rares aux Maladies Fréquentes, Remodelage et Réparation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Néphrologie [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Crystalluria, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry(all), Global crystal volume, General Chemical Engineering, 030232 urology & nephrology, Calcium oxalate, Urology, Renal function, Uric acids, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Primary hyperoxaluria, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cristallurie, Oxalates de calcium, medicine, Hypercalciuria, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Crystalluria index, [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Pathological, Index cristallurique, business.industry, Dihydroxyadenine, Acides uriques, General Chemistry, Cystinuria, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Dihydroxyadénine, 3. Good health, Volume cristallin global, chemistry, Hereditary Diseases, Chemical Engineering(all), Cystine, medicine.symptom, business, Calcium oxalates
Abstract

The search for crystalluria and morphologic analysis of urinary crystals is of interest in the diagnostic evaluation and assessment of efficacy of therapeutic strategies in stone formers. In common calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis, identification of the monohydrate or dihydrate form of CaOx orients toward hyperoxaluria or hypercalciuria as the main lithogenic mechanism, respectively. An unusual high abundance of crystals exclusively made of CaOx monohydrate is highly suggestive of primary hyperoxaluria, the most severe of all types of renal stone diseases. The identification of crystal species such as struvite, cystine, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, which are not found in normal urine, is indicative of specific pathological conditions, namely, infection stones and hereditary diseases such as cystinuria and dihydroxyadeninuria. Such diseases expose to progressive loss of renal function unless they are prevented by specific therapeutic measures. The presence of crystals made of drugs may entail the risk of kidney dysfunction because of crystallization of the drug or its metabolites.Serial determination of crystalluria, which reflects the activity of stone disease and its response to therapeutic measures, is of major interest in the follow-up of patients suffering from nephrolithiasis. It should be more largely used in clinical practice in most stone formers, still more for the surveillance of patients affected by severe, hereditary renal stone diseases such as primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, and dihydroxyadeninuria, where determination of the global crystal volume allows assessing the efficacy of therapeutic measures and optimizing the medical management of the patients., L’étude de la cristallurie et de ses caractéristiques qualitatives et quantitatives est d'un intérêt clinique majeur pour le diagnostic de la maladie lithiasique et l’évaluation de l'efficacité des mesures thérapeutiques proposées aux patients. Dans la lithiase oxalocalcique commune, la forme cristalline, whewellite ou weddellite, oriente respectivement vers une hyperoxalurie ou une hypercalciurie. Une quantité élevée de cristaux de whewellite traduit une forte hyperoxalurie et doit faire rechercher une hyperoxalurie primaire. L'identification de cristaux particuliers tels que la struvite, la cystine, la dihydroxy-2,8-adénine permet le diagnostic de pathologies spécifiques qui exposent à une altération progressive de la fonction rénale lorsqu'elles ne sont pas traitées précocement par des mesures adaptées. La présence de cristaux médicamenteux peut expliquer l'origine d'une insuffisance rénale aiguë développée sous traitement.Au cours du suivi des patients souffrant de lithiase, la détermination de la cristallurie sur des prélèvements sériés est d'un grand intérêt pour la prévention du risque de récidive de calculscar elle reflète l'activité de la maladie lithiasique et sa réponse aux mesures diététiques et thérapeutiques. Elle peut donc bénéficier à la plupart des patients lithiasiques. Elle se doit d’être réalisée chez tout patient souffrant d'une forme héréditaire sévère de lithiase telle que cystinurie, hyperoxalurie primaire ou dihydroxyadéninurie pour en optimiser la prise en charge thérapeutique, la détermination du volume cristallin global dans ces pathologies cristallines sévères permettant d'adapter le traitement médical, d’évaluer l'efficacité des mesures thérapeutiques proposées et de modifier celles-ci en fonction des résultats obtenus.

Published
2016
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5. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of Wilson disease using X‐ray fluorescence

Author

Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Françoise Schmitt, Catherine Guettier, Slavka Kascakova, Tuan Huy Nguyen, Andrea Somogyi, Cameron M. Kewish, Christophe Sandt, Didier Samuel, Joël Poupon, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Dominique Bazin, Bruno Francou, François Le Naour, Stéphan Rouzière, Rodolphe Sobesky, Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt, Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hepatinov (DHU), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre Hépato-Biliaire Paul Brousse, Ligne de lumière NANOSCOPIUM, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre hépato-biliaire (CHB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence pour la maladie de Wilson (CNR wilson), CNR Wilson, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratoire de toxicologie biologique [AP-HP], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Ligne de lumière SMIS, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Hépatologie et de Transplantation Hépatique Pédiatriques, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Service d’Anatomo-Pathologie [AP-HP], Hôpital Paul Brousse, d'Eggis, Gilles, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV.MHEP.AHA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, diagnosis, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray fluorescence, Zinc, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholestasis, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Wilson disease, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Elemental composition, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Original Articles, Long evans, medicine.disease, Copper, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Paraffin embedded, 3. Good health, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, copper, Original Article, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease due to mutations of the gene encoding the copper-transporter ATP7B. The diagnosis is hampered by the variability of symptoms induced by copper accumulation , the inconstancy of the pathognomonic signs and the absence of a reliable diagnostic test. We investigated the diagnostic potential of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) that allows quantitative analysis of multiple elements. Studies were performed on animal models using Wistar rats (n = 10) and Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats (n = 11), and on human samples including normal livers (n = 10), alcohol cirrhosis (n = 8), haemo-chromatosis (n = 10), cholestasis (n = 6) and WD (n = 22). XRF experiments were first performed using synchrotron radiation to address the elemental composition at the cellular level. High-resolution mapping of tissue sections allowed measurement of the intensity and the distribution of copper, iron and zinc while preserving the morphology. Investigations were further conducted using a laboratory X-ray source for irradiating whole pieces of tissue. The sensitivity of XRF was highlighted by the discrimination of LEC rats from wild type even under a regimen using copper deficient food. XRF on whole formalin-fixed paraffin embedded needle biopsies allowed profiling of the elements in a few minutes. The intensity of copper related to iron and zinc significantly discriminated WD from other genetic or chronic liver diseases with 97.6% specificity and 100% sensitivity. This study established a definite diagnosis of Wilson's disease based on XRF. This rapid and versatile method can be easily implemented in a clinical setting.

Published
2016
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6. Effects of a Single Escape Mutation on T Cell and HIV-1 Co-adaptation

Author

Masafumi Takiguchi, Mamoru Fujiwara, Christian Schönbach, Tomohiro Akahoshi, George F. Gao, Victor Appay, Nozomi Kuse, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Shinichi Oka, Yi Shi, Xiaoming Sun, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine [Japan] (NCGM), School of Science and Technology [Kazakhstan], Nazarbayev University [Kazakhstan], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Protein Conformation, T cell, T-Lymphocytes, Mutant, Population, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Human leukocyte antigen, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Epitope, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, education, lcsh:QH301-705.5, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Genetics, Mutation, education.field_of_study, HLA-A Antigens, T-cell receptor, Water, Adaptation, Physiological, 3. Good health, Clone Cells, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), HIV-1, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Peptides, CD8, Protein Binding, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract

International audience; The mechanistic basis for the progressive accumulation of Y135F Nef mutant viruses in the HIV-1-infected population remains poorly understood. Y135F viruses carry the 2F mutation within RW8 and RF10, which are two HLA-A∗24:02-restricted superimposed Nef epitopes recognized by distinct and adaptable CD8+ T cell responses. We combined comprehensive analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire and cross-reactive potential of wild-type or 2F RW8- and RF10-specific CD8+ T cells with peptide-MHC complex stability and crystal structure studies. We find that, by affecting direct and water-mediated hydrogen bond networks within the peptide-MHC complex, the 2F mutation reduces both TCR and HLA binding. This suggests an advantage underlying the evolution of the 2F variant with decreased CD8+ T cell efficacy. Our study provides a refined understanding of HIV-1 and CD8+ T cell co-adaptation at the population level.

Published
2016
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7. Traversées tibétaines - 150e anniversaire de la naissance d'Alexandra David-Neel

Author

Robin, Françoise, Thévoz, Samuel, Gomez, Nadine, Nyima, Dorjee, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature
Abstract

À l'occasion de la célébration de la naissance d'Alexandra David-Neel (1868-1969), la programmation « Traversées tibétaines » vous entraîne dans les pas d'une aventurière hors du commun à travers une exposition et une table ronde.Première femme étrangère à pénétrer la cité interdite de Lhassa en 1924, Alexandra David-Neel contribua à faire connaître largement le Tibet et le bouddhisme tibétain en Occident.

Published
2018

8. Écrivains de l'Europe balkanique à Paris dans l'entre-deux-guerres

Author

Folschweiller, Cécile, Kolakovic, Aleksandra, Moussakova, Svelta, Ruscio, Maxime, Pitsos, Nicolas, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature
Abstract

République des arts et des lettres, lieu de refuge, de création et de légitimation, Ville Lumière, Paris retrouve après l’hécatombe de la Grande Guerre le charme de la Belle-Époque des années 1900.Dans le contexte sociopolitique et culturel de l'entre deux-guerres, des écrivains de l’Europe balkanique affluent vers la Ville Lumière. Leur séjour parisien ayant beaucoup moins été étudié que celui d’écrivains d’autres horizons géolinguistiques, cette table ronde se propose d'apprécier la place occupée par l’imaginaire de la capitale française dans leurs œuvres, d’esquisser leurs réseaux de sociabilité ou encore de comprendre comment les courants esthétiques et idéologiques dominants ont influencé leur propre création.

Published
2018

9. La presse grécophone comme presse allophone

Author

Mezzasalma, Philippe, Koutsopanagou, Gioula, Mavroeidakou, Yannis, Pitsos, Nicolas, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences
Abstract

Au carrefour entre histoire de la presse, histoire de la circulation des savoirs, des personnes, des discours, des pratiques, et histoire de la grécophonie, cette rencontre s’inscrit dans le cadre des séminaires du réseau Transfopress consacrés à l’étude de la presse allophone. Réunissant des historiens, éditeurs, bibliothécaires, elle a pour objectif de dessiner une socio-géographie de la presse publiée en grec à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Cette séance est l'occasion d'une réflexion sur l’emploi et la définition du terme « allophone » pour désigner cette presse publiée en grec dans le contexte d’entités politiques multilingues et de sa diffusion dans des régimes historiques variés. Elle propose la présentation de cas d’étude et de fonds présents dans des bibliothèques parisiennes telles que la BULAC ou la BnF, susceptibles de favoriser une meilleure connaissance de la diversité de cette presse.

Published
2018

10. Rencontre autour de l'Atlas historique de la Russie

Author

Rey, Marie-Pierre, Nerard, François-Xavier, Minassian, Taline Ter, Ruscio, Maxime, Achechova, Aglaé, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract

L'Atlas historique de la Russie. D'Ivan III à Vladimir Poutine comporte plus de 90 cartes et infographies inédites qui présentent l’histoire de la Russie, mettant l’accent sur les différentes régions d’un territoire immense et sur les modalités de son contrôle par l’État. D’Ivan III, « grand-prince de Moscou et de toute la Russie » au XVe siècle, à Vladimir Poutine, président d’un pouvoir central de retour sur la scène internationale, le territoire de la Russie a ainsi connu de nombreuses évolutions.La Russie impériale, puissance en expansion depuis le XVe siècle, est fragilisée par une modernisation tardive, la guerre, et mise à terre par la Révolution de février 1917.La Russie soviétique se forge dans une immense violence politique et sociale tout en donnant naissance à un monde nouveau, urbain et industriel.La période post-soviétique voit la Russie, après un temps de repli et de fragilité, tenter de renouer avec sa grandeur passée.

Published
2018

11. Documentaire - « Numériser : En route pour l'éternité ? »

Author

Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences
Abstract

Pénétrez les coulisses du chantier de numérisation des manuscrits moyen-orientaux de la BULAC...

Published
2018

12. Conférence : Numériser, en route pour l'éternité ?

Author

Dubois, Olesea, Mion-Mouton, Fanny, Rivière, Pauline, Rouchon, Olivier, de La Porte, Xavier, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences
Abstract

Grâce à la numérisation, les collections patrimoniales et scientifiques des bibliothèques retrouvent une nouvelle jeunesse. Mais peut-elle leur offrir la vie éternelle ?À l'occasion de la 3e édition du Festival des idées Paris USPC, sur le thème « Jeunesse éternelle », la BULAC ouvre un espace de dialogue entre professionnels des bibliothèques, experts de l’archivage numérique et utilisateurs, autour des enjeux de la numérisation des collections.

Published
2018

13. Créer l'enchantement : les répertoires poétiques et chantés de la musique hindoustanie

Author

Bhide-Deshpande, Ashwini, Ruscio, Maxime, Miramon-Bonhoure, Jeanne, Le Gargasson, Ingrid, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, Inde, hindoustanie
Abstract

Dans une discussion animée par l’anthropologue Ingrid Le Gargasson et l’ethnomusicologue Jeanne Miramon-Bonhoure, la chanteuse classique Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande abordera plusieurs aspects de son répertoire. Elle évoquera la dimension performative des textes poétiques, qu’il s’agisse de ses créations ou de chants « traditionnels » présentés dans le genre khyāl — le principal genre vocal de la musique hindoustanie — ou de la poésie mystique des grands saints de la Bhatki pour les genres bhajan et abhang. Il sera question de ses inspirations et des liens complexes entre poésie, musique et émotion, autant de thèmes qui seront illustrés par la présentation de quelques chants.Excellant dans l’art du khyāl, Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande est l’une des chanteuses classiques indiennes les plus acclamées du moment. Elle sera accompagnée pour l’occasion de trois musiciens : Vinod Lele au tabla, Vinay Mishra à l’harmonium et Ashish Verma au tanpura.

Published
2018

14. Les Tchèques dans la grande guerre

Author

Kykal, Tomáš, Hutečka, Jiří, Sinzelle-Poňavičová, Ilona, Boisserie, Etienne, Ruscio, Maxime, Servant, Catherine, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature
Abstract

Au cours de cette table ronde, Étienne Boisserie (Inalco, CREE), Tomáš Kykal (Institut d'histoire militaire de Prague) et Jiří Hutečka (Université de Hradec Králové) évoqueront les dynamiques civiles et militaires à l'œuvre au cours de la Grande Guerre et dialogueront avec le public.

Published
2018

15. RENCONTRE AVEC AMINATOU ÉCHARD À LA BULAC

Author

Échard, Aminatou, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Kirghizstan, Cinéma, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Au Kirghizstan, l'héroïne du roman de Tchinghiz Aïtmatov Djamilia (1958) constitue un puissant modèle pour les femmes, contraintes par les coutumes religieuses et familiales revenues en force après l'ère soviétique. À la rencontre de plusieurs générations, le film sonde leurs désirs, leur colère et leur exigence de liberté.Aminatou Échard a une formation en ethnomusicologie et en cinéma. Elle réalise des films documentaires et expérimentaux, explorant la relation entre son et image. Le travail de terrain est un élément essentiel de sa pratique artistique. Depuis 2006, elle se rend régulièrement en Asie centrale où elle recueille de nombreuses images super 8 et sons afin d’explorer les liens particuliers qui se tissent entre les personnes et leur environnement. À partir de cette matière, elle a réalisé un premier court métrage expérimental, Esquisses kirghizes, en 2007, puis un moyen métrage, Broadway, en 2010. (Source : 529 Dragons)Interview : Amandine D'Azevedo

Published
2018

16. FRET-Based Nanobiosensors for Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ and H+ Microdomains

Author

Martin Oheim, Mayeul Collot, Anne Feltz, Jean-Maurice Mallet, Camilla Luccardini, Alsu I. Zamaleeva, Guillaume Despras, Michel De Waard, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Canaux calciques, Fonctions et Pathologies, [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de physiologie cérébrale (LPC - UMR 8118), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, d'Eggis, Gilles, Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) ( IBENS ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Equipe 3 : Canaux calciques, Fonctions et Pathologies, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -[GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Laboratoire de physiologie cérébrale ( LPC - UMR 8118 ), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Intracellular Space, Analytical chemistry, Biosensing Techniques, lcsh:Chemical technology, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, FRET-based Ca 2+ and H + probes, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, lcsh:TP1-1185, Instrumentation, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Titrimetry, Endocytosis, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Molecular Imaging, nanoparticle surface chemistry, Protons, Fluorophore, intracellular Ca2+ and H+ fluorometry, Endosomes, Article, Biophysical Phenomena, Cell Line, Rhodamine, Nanosensor, Quantum Dots, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, FRET-based Ca2+ and H+ probes, Fluorescent Dyes, quantum dot nanobiosensors, Ions, Rhodamines, Biomolecule, red-emitting indicator, Acceptor, Förster resonance energy transfer, Quantum dot, Biophysics, Nanoparticles, Calcium, concentration microdomain, intracellular Ca 2+ and H + fluorometry, Lysosomes, cell-penetrating peptide
Abstract

International audience; Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs) are luminous point emitters increasingly being used to tag and track biomolecules in biological/biomedical imaging. However, their intracellular use as highlighters of single-molecule localization and nanobiosensors reporting ion microdomains changes has remained a major challenge. Here, we report the design, generation and validation of FRET-based nanobiosensors for detection of intracellular Ca 2+ and H + transients. Our sensors combine a commercially available CANdot ® 565QD as an energy donor with, as an acceptor, our custom-synthesized red-emitting Ca 2+ or H + probes. These 'Rubies' are based on an extended rhodamine as a OPEN ACCESS Sensors 2015, 15 24663 fluorophore and a phenol or BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid) for H + or Ca 2+ sensing, respectively, and additionally bear a linker arm for conjugation. QDs were stably functionalized using the same SH/maleimide crosslink chemistry for all desired reactants. Mixing ion sensor and cell-penetrating peptides (that facilitate cytoplasmic delivery) at the desired stoichiometric ratio produced controlled multi-conjugated assemblies. Multiple acceptors on the same central donor allow up-concentrating the ion sensor on the QD surface to concentrations higher than those that could be achieved in free solution, increasing FRET efficiency and improving the signal. We validate these nanosensors for the detection of intracellular Ca 2+ and pH transients using live-cell fluorescence imaging.

Published
2015
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17. De la catastrophe, que peut dire la littérature ?

Author

Nichanian, Marc, Detue, Frédérik, Beledian, Krikor, Muhidine, Timur, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Génocide, Guerre, Totalitarisme, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

Cette table ronde abordera la question de la « catastrophe », au sens d'événement totalitaire et génocidaire, pas forcément de nature guerrière mais qui résulte d'une violence politique intense et a pour visée l'extermination définitive des représentants d'une communauté. La radicalité génocidaire et sa visée raciale, en particulier, placent les témoins dans une situation singulière : les membres de la collectivité visée ont la certitude d’être tous destinés à mourir (ou à survivre par miracle) et, qui plus est, à mourir pour rien. « S’ils survivent, c’est alors pour écrire », comme l’évoque Catherine Coquio. Cette caractéristique collective de l’événement catastrophique ouvrant sur l'écriture testimoniale est à l'origine d'un certain type de littérature. Sur une telle littérature, différentes approches s’opposent à travers de multiples notions : témoin, survivant, vérité, histoire, sujet, etc.Il y a ainsi deux pôles principaux : d’un côté, l'idée que la littérature instruit le « témoignage en catastrophe » en tant qu'acte littéraire mais aussi en tant que document historique, voire acte judiciaire, ce qui est une façon de lier la recherche en littérature aux sciences sociales. De l’autre côté, la littérature témoignerait précisément de l’impossibilité du témoignage face à l'événement catastrophique, car « la catastrophe, c’est la mort du témoin » et donc, « c’est aussi un crime sans vérité ».Cette table ronde sera donc l'occasion d’écouter les intervenants échanger sur l'écriture de la « catastrophe ». Afin d'illustrer la question, la représentation de la catastrophe dans le roman arménien et dans le roman turc sera aussi abordée par des spécialistes.

Published
2017

18. Rencontre avec Yacine Bouaziz à la BULAC

Author

Bouaziz, Yacine, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, Cinéma, algérie
Abstract

Interview de Yacine Bouaziz, producteur du film « Vote Off », réalisée le 27 mars 2017 à la BULAC,dans le cadre de la journée Cinéma du Réel hors les murs. La BULAC remercie Yacine Bouaziz, Suzanne de Lacotte, Maria Bonsanti, ainsi que l'équipe de Cinéma du réel.Animateur radio engagé, épicier, musiciens, journalistes d’El Watan, ils ont l’âge du réalisateur et ont pour la première fois la possibilité de s'exprimer dans les urnes. Iront-ils voter à l’élection présidentielle algérienne de 2014, où A. Bouteflika, invisible depuis deux ans, brigue un quatrième mandat ? Film censuré, en septembre 2016, par le ministère de la Culture algérien.

Published
2017

19. Qu'est-ce qu'une langue survivante ?

Author

Nichanian, Marc, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Traduction - traductologie, Langues, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract

À travers un récit de Jorge Luis Borges (Pierre Ménard, auteur de Don Quichotte) et un roman de l'écrivain arménien Zareh Vorpouni (Asphalte, 1972), il s'agit de comprendre ce que signifie l'acte de traduire dans une même langue et donc de mettre en évidence l'expérience d'une langue comme « survivante », c'est-à-dire d'une langue qui survit à sa propre mort et qui le fait savoir.

Published
2017

20. Rencontre avec Hendrick Dusollier à la BULAC

Author

Dusollier, Hendrick, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, cinéma
Abstract

Interview de Hendrick Dusollier, réalisateur du film « Derniers jours à Shibati », réalisée le 27 mars 2017 à la BULAC, dans le cadre de la journée Cinéma du Réel hors les murs. La BULAC remercie Hendrick Dusollier, Suzanne de Lacotte, Maria Bonsanti, ainsi que l'équipe de Cinéma du réel.

Published
2017

21. Paysage littéraire de la Géorgie contemporaine

Author

Svanidzé, Tamara, Astavichvili, Chorena, Kodalachvili, Lela, Boughadzé, Lasha, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Georgie
Abstract

À l'occasion de cette table ronde, les écrivains Lela Kodalachvili et Lasha Boughadzé exploreront les enjeux à l'œuvre dans le champ littéraire géorgien à partir de l'ère post-soviétique des années 1990, puis des années 2000 avec l'arrivée d'une nouvelle génération d'écrivains à la démarche « subversive ». Les deux auteurs s'attacheront à montrer que ces enjeux littéraires sont autant le reflet que la conséquence des mutations que traverse la société depuis que la Géorgie a retrouvé son indépendance.

Published
2017

22. αVβ3 integrin-targeted microSPECT/CT imaging of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques in mice

Author

Vanesa Bol, Stephan Walrand, Caroline Bouzin, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, David Vancraeynest, Anne Bol, Bernhard Gerber, François Jamar, François-Xavier Hanin, Véronique Roelants, Agnes Pasquet, Philippe Lesnik, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Thierry Huby, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Pôle d’Imagerie Médicale, Radiothérapie et Oncologie (MIRO), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UCL - SSS/IREC/CARD-Pôle de recherche cardiovasculaire, UCL - (SLuc) Service de pathologie cardiovasculaire, UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine nucléaire, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Aortic arch, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, αVβ3 integrin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine.artery, Spect imaging, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Original Research, Aorta, SPECT imaging, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, CD68, Histology, Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, Maraciclatide, business, Emission computed tomography, Immunostaining, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundαVβ3-integrin is expressed by activated endothelial cells and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques and may represent a valuable marker of high-risk plaques. We evaluated 99mTc-maraciclatide, an integrin-specific tracer, for imaging vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions in mice.MethodsApolipoprotein E-negative (ApoE−/−) mice on a Western diet (n = 10) and normally fed adult C57BL/6 control mice (n = 4) were injected with 99mTc-maraciclatide (51.8 ± 3.7 MBq). A blocking peptide was infused in three ApoE−/− mice; this condition served as another control. After 90 min, the animals were imaged via single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). While maintained in the same position, the mice were transferred to computed tomography (CT) to obtain contrast-enhanced images of the aortic arch. Images from both modalities were fused, and signal was quantified in the aortic arch and in the vena cava for subtraction of blood-pool activity. The aorta was carefully dissected after imaging for gamma counting, autoradiography, and histology.ResultsTracer uptake was significantly higher in ApoE−/− mice than in both groups of control mice (1.56 ± 0.33 vs. 0.82 ± 0.24 vs. 0.98 ± 0.11, respectively; P = 0.006). Furthermore, higher tracer activity was detected via gamma counting in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic mice than in both groups of control mice (1.52 ± 0.43 vs. 0.78 ± 0.19 vs. 0.47 ± 0.31 99mTc-maraciclatide %ID/g, respectively; P = 0.018). Autoradiography showed significantly higher tracer uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta than in the control aorta (P = 0.026). Finally, in the atherosclerotic aorta, immunostaining indicated that the integrin signal came predominantly from macrophages and was correlated with the macrophage CD68 immunomarker (r = 0.73).Conclusions99mTc-maraciclatide allows in vivo detection of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques in mice and may represent a non-invasive approach for identifying high-risk plaques in patients.

Published
2016
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23. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cortical Neurons for High Throughput Medication Screening in Autism: A Proof of Concept Study in SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency Syndrome

Author

Aurélie Poulet, Alexandra Benchoua, Richard Delorme, Laure Chatrousse, Francis Cogé, Delphine Héron, Frédérique Rodet-Amsellem, Millan Mark, Claire Boissart, Thomas Bourgeron, Hélène Darville, Anselme L. Perrier, Caroline Nava, Julie Pernelle, Margot Jarrige, Marc Peschanski, Institut des cellules souches pour le traitement et l'étude des maladies monogéniques (I-STEM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Généthon, French Biodiversity Agency, Service psychiatrique de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Hôpital Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Groupe de Recherche Clinique : Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme (GRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of General Internal Medicine (DGIM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut de Recherche Servier, SERVIER, Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This study has been in part funded by grants from 'Investissements d'Avenir' – (ANR-11-INBS-0009 - INGESTEM – and ANR-11-INBS-0011 - NeurATRIS), the French National Research Agency ANR (ANR-13-SAMA-0006, SynDivAutism), the Laboratory of Excellence GENMED (ANR-10-LABX-0013), the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation, the Cognacq Jay Foundation, and the Fondamental Foundation. This study used samples from the NINDS Human Genetics Resource Center DNA and Cell Line Repository, as well as clinical data. NINDS Repository sample numbers corresponding to the samples used are GM 1869., The authors are thankful to I-Stem's HTS platform staff for constant technical support. We thank the cell bank of Pitié-Salpétrière hospital and the Clinical Investigation Center of Robert Debré hospital for assistance with patient recruitment, information, sampling and fibroblast preparation. H.D. received a PhD grant from Servier's Laboratories. I-Stem is part of the Biotherapies Institute for Rare Diseases (BIRD) supported by the Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)., ANR-11-INBS-0009,INGESTEM,INFRASTRUCTURE NATIONALE D'INGENIERIE DES CELLULES SOUCHES PLURIPOTENTES(2011), ANR-11-INBS-0011,NeurATRIS,Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences(2011), ANR-13-SAMA-0006,SynDivAutism,Diversité Synaptique dans l'autisme(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0013,GENMED,Medical Genomics(2010), Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), d'Eggis, Gilles, Infrastructures - INFRASTRUCTURE NATIONALE D'INGENIERIE DES CELLULES SOUCHES PLURIPOTENTES - - INGESTEM2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, Infrastructures - Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences - - NeurATRIS2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0011 - INBS - VALID, Santé Mentale et Addictions - Diversité Synaptique dans l'autisme - - SynDivAutism2013 - ANR-13-SAMA-0006 - SAMENTA - VALID, Medical Genomics - - GENMED2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0013 - LABX - VALID, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Génétique et Cytogénétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], University of Geneva [Switzerland], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris], ANR-11-INBS-0009/11-INBS-0009,INGESTEM,INFRASTRUCTURE NATIONALE D'INGENIERIE DES CELLULES SOUCHES PLURIPOTENTES(2011), ANR-11-INBS-0011/11-INBS-0011,NeurATRIS,Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences(2011), ANR: PREFI-10-LABX-13/10-LABX-0013,GENMED,Medical Genomics(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, GAS, Global Assessment Scale, 0301 basic medicine, VPA, valproic acid, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cellular differentiation, Autism, Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Drug repurposing, MESH: Neurons, lcsh:Medicine, hESC, human embryonic stem cells, Haploinsufficiency, Severity of Illness Index, RPM, Raven's progressive matrices, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, Induced pluripotent stem cell, SHANK3, Cells, Cultured, ASD, autism spectrum disorders, Neurons, ADOS, Autism Diagnosis Observational Scale, Genetics, MESH: Autism Spectrum Disorder, lcsh:R5-920, Neuronal Plasticity, PPVT, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, PSC, pluripotent stem cells, Cell Differentiation, General Medicine, Neural stem cell, 3. Good health, Drug repositioning, Phenotype, Autism spectrum disorder, MESH: Pluripotent Stem Cells, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Haploinsufficiency, lcsh:Medicine (General), Research Paper, MESH: Cells, Cultured, Pluripotent Stem Cells, MESH: Cell Differentiation, [SDV.SP.MED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Nerve Tissue Proteins, ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Lithium, SHANK3, SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3, MESH: Phenotype, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cells, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, High throughput screening, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, medicine, Humans, NSC, neural stem cells, RNA, Messenger, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], HTS, high throughput screening, MESH: RNA, Messenger, Valproate, MESH: Humans, MESH: Lithium, business.industry, Valproic Acid, MESH: Transcriptome, lcsh:R, MESH: Human Embryonic Stem Cells, medicine.disease, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, Embryonic stem cell, MESH: Male, DMSO, dimethylsulfoxyde, PPIA, Peptidylprolyl Isomerase A, 030104 developmental biology, SRS, Social Responsiveness Scale, Transcriptome, business, Neuroscience, MESH: Valproic Acid
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide, but their heterogeneity complicates therapeutic intervention that is essentially symptomatic. A versatile yet relevant model to rationally screen among hundreds of therapeutic options would help improving clinical practice. Here we investigated whether neurons differentiated from pluripotent stem cells can provide such a tool using SHANK3 haploinsufficiency as a proof of principle. A library of compounds was screened for potential to increase SHANK3 mRNA content in neurons differentiated from control human embryonic stem cells. Using induced pluripotent stem cell technology, active compounds were then evaluated for efficacy in correcting dysfunctional networks of neurons differentiated from individuals with deleterious point mutations of SHANK3. Among 202 compounds tested, lithium and valproic acid showed the best efficacy at corrected SHANK3 haploinsufficiency associated phenotypes in cellulo. Lithium pharmacotherapy was subsequently provided to one patient and, after one year, an encouraging decrease in autism severity was observed. This demonstrated that pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons provide a novel cellular paradigm exploitable in the search for specific disease-modifying treatments., Highlights • Human neurons were used to screen for compounds correcting symptoms associated with SHANK3 haploinsufficiency syndrome. • Screening criteria were the ability to increase SHANK3 expression and to increase glutamatergic transmission. • Selected hit compounds were then validated using neurons differentiated from individuals with SHANK3 disrupting mutations. • Lithium was selected and delivered to one of SHANK3 patient showing encouraging positive clinical outcomes after one year. The clinical heterogeneity between individuals affected by autism makes it difficult to anticipate the effectiveness of a treatment. Furthermore, clinical practice lacks biological tools to help make such decisions. Here we use neurons, produced from pluripotent stem cells derived from patients affected by SHANK3 haploinsufficiency syndrome, to test the efficiency of therapeutic compounds. We screened the biological activity of more than 200 compounds on SHANK3 expression. Lithium was ultimately selected and delivered to one patient with a SHANK3-disruptive mutation. This resulted in a positive outcome, as determined by improved autistic core symptoms, thus supporting the usefulness of this type of predictive approach.

Published
2016
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24. Correlative nonlinear optical microscopy and infrared nanoscopy reveals collagen degradation in altered parchments

Author

Alexandre Dazzi, François Portier, Laurianne Robinet, Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein, Ariane Deniset-Besseau, Gaël Latour, Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC (UMR_8165)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux et Biologie (MATBIO), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Protein Denaturation, Materials science, food.ingredient, Nonlinear Optical Microscopy, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Infrared, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Characterization and analytical techniques, 01 natural sciences, Gelatin, Article, Multiphoton microscopy, 010309 optics, Atomic force microscopy, food, 0103 physical sciences, Microscopy, Denaturation (biochemistry), Spectroscopy, Nanoscopic scale, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Multidisciplinary, 010401 analytical chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Tissues, Proteolysis, Biophysics, Collagen, 0210 nano-technology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the correlative imaging of collagen denaturation by nonlinear optical microscopy (NLO) and nanoscale infrared (IR) spectroscopy to obtain morphological and chemical information at different length scales. Such multiscale correlated measurements are applied to the investigation of ancient parchments, which are mainly composed of dermal fibrillar collagen. The main issue is to characterize gelatinization, the ultimate and irreversible alteration corresponding to collagen denaturation to gelatin, which may also occur in biological tissues. Key information about collagen and gelatin signatures is obtained in parchments and assessed by characterizing the denaturation of pure collagen reference samples. A new absorbing band is observed near the amide I band in the IR spectra, correlated to the onset of fluorescence signals in NLO images. Meanwhile, a strong decrease is observed in Second Harmonic signals, which are a structural probe of the fibrillar organization of the collagen at the micrometer scale. NLO microscopy therefore appears as a powerful tool to reveal collagen degradation in a non-invasive way. It should provide a relevant method to assess or monitor the condition of collagen-based materials in museum and archival collections and opens avenues for a broad range of applications regarding this widespread biological material.

Published
2016
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25. Comparison of Cox Model Methods in A Low-dimensional Setting with Few Events

Author

Francisco Ojeda, Christian P. Müller, Renate B. Schnabel, Tanja Zeller, Arne Schillert, Matthias Heinig, Daniela Börnigen, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität zu Lübeck [Lübeck], Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Elastic net regularization, Calibration (statistics), CAD, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Coronary artery disease, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, Lasso (statistics), Statistics, Genetics, Humans, Events per variable, Prospective Studies, 0101 mathematics, Molecular Biology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Selection (genetic algorithm), [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Original Research, Proportional Hazards Models, Event (probability theory), Mathematics, Proportional hazards model, Penalized regression, Proportional hazards regression, Genetic Variation, Coronary Artery Disease, Events Per Variable, Penalized Regression, Proportional Hazards Regression, Prognosis, Regression, Computational Mathematics, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Data mining, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], computer, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Prognostic models based on survival data frequently make use of the Cox proportional hazards model. Developing reliable Cox models with few events relative to the number of predictors can be challenging, even in low-dimensional datasets, with a much larger number of observations than variables. In such a setting we examined the performance of methods used to estimate a Cox model, including (i) full model using all available predictors and estimated by standard techniques, (ii) backward elimination (BE), (iii) ridge regression, (iv) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), and (v) elastic net. Based on a prospective cohort of patients with manifest coronary artery disease (CAD), we performed a simulation study to compare the predictive accuracy, calibration, and discrimination of these approaches. Candidate predictors for incident cardiovascular events we used included clinical variables, biomarkers, and a selection of genetic variants associated with CAD. The penalized methods, i.e., ridge, lasso, and elastic net, showed a comparable performance, in terms of predictive accuracy, calibration, and discrimination, and outperformed BE and the full model. Excessive shrinkage was observed in some cases for the penalized methods, mostly on the simulation scenarios having the lowest ratio of a number of events to the number of variables. We conclude that in similar settings, these three penalized methods can be used interchangeably. The full model and backward elimination are not recommended in rare event scenarios.

Published
2016
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26. Anaphylaxis case report to trimethylphloroglucinol (Spasfon®)

Author

Anca Mirela Chiriac, Pascal Demoly, Olga Nahas, Léon Nkashama-Tshiaba, Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, Unité d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Pôle anesthésie-réanimation (Grenoble), CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Abdominal pain, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, business.industry, Codeine, Trimebutine, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, 3. Good health, Methylprednisolone, Anesthesia, Antihistamine, medicine.symptom, lcsh:RC581-607, business, Anaphylaxis, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Phloroglucinol (P) and its methylated derivative (TMP) are both phenol derivative antispasmodic agents (Fig. 1) acting on smooth muscle and prescribed to treat acute spasmodic abdominal pain, acute painful disorders of the urinary tract, and acute pain in gyne-cology. It has been showed that P and TMP act by reducing glycerol-induced abdominal pain and by inhibiting colonic phasic contractions. 1 Exceptionally, P and TMP are associated with muco-cutaneous manifestations and allergic reactions. It has been reported, in the French National pharmacovigilance database, 21 cases of anaphy-laxis to phloroglucinol, including 16 cases of anaphylactic shock and 5 cases of allergic skin reaction (unpublished data). We report a case of anaphylaxis to phloroglucinol confirmed by skin testing. Case report We report the case of a 23 year old female patient, who has a medical history of mildly active ulcerative colitis treated with mesalamine (Pentasa ®). She had no relevant past surgical history. The patient was evaluated in allergy consultation for a recent generalized facial maculo-papular exanthema associated with dysphonia, dysphagia and mild dyspnea that occurred 6 months ago. In fact, this systemic reaction appeared half an hour after taking Spasfon ® , paracetamol, loperamide and a cough syrup containing codeine (Polery ®), during an influenza-like illness with gastroenteritis. She then presented to the emergency department where she was given intravenous H1 antihistamine plus a single intravenous corticosteroid dose (methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg). Dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea improved successfully and she was discharged on oral antihistamine and corticosteroid for 5 days. The facial skin eruption disappeared slowly over 3e4 days. All drugs that have been taken are known to cause allergic reactions as side effects. Also, children and adult can commonly develop urticaria as a result of viral respiratory infections. 2 As this systemic reaction can evoke an immunological IgE mediated mechanism, we decided to test all drugs that were taken on that day. An allergic food reaction is unlikely, given the absence of food intake for at least 6 h before the reaction, and the absence of ingestion of unusual foods within the 24 h before the reaction. Fig. 1. From left to right, and up to down: phloroglucinol, trimebutine, mebeverine, pinaverium.

Published
2016
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27. Geographic Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Metropolitan Centres in France and Australia

Author

Robert J. Adams, Neil T. Coffee, Basile Chaix, Catherine Paquet, Frédérique Thomas, Mark Daniel, Natasha J. Howard, Anne W. Taylor, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Discipline of Medicine, Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (CIPC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Medicine [Melbourne], University of Melbourne, d'Eggis, Gilles, Paquet, Catherine, Chaix, Basile, Howard, Natasha Jayne, Coffee, Neil T, Adams, Robert J, Taylor, Anne W, Thomas, Frédérique, and Daniel, Mark

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Intraclass correlation, Cross-sectional study, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Geographic Mapping, Blood Pressure, Intra-Class Correlation, cross-country comparison, geographic clustering, geographic variation, cardiometabolic risk factors, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, South Australia, Cluster Analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, 2. Zero hunger, Metabolic Syndrome, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort, Female, Waist Circumference, Paris, Waist, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Obesity, Risk factor, Cluster analysis, Triglycerides, lcsh:R, Cholesterol, HDL, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Insulin Resistance, Body mass index, Biomarkers, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Understanding how health outcomes are spatially distributed represents a first step in investigating the scale and nature of environmental influences on health and has important implications for statistical power and analytic efficiency. Using Australian and French cohort data, this study aimed to describe and compare the extent of geographic variation, and the implications for analytic efficiency, across geographic units, countries and a range of cardiometabolic parameters (Body Mass Index (BMI) waist circumference, blood pressure, resting heart rate, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, HbA 1c). Geographic clustering was assessed using Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) coefficients in biomedical cohorts from Adelaide (Australia, n = 3893) and Paris (France, n = 6430) for eight geographic administrative units. The median ICC was 0.01 suggesting 1% of risk factor variance attributable to variation between geographic units. Clustering differed by cardiometabolic parameters, administrative units and countries and was greatest for BMI and resting heart rate in the French sample, HbA 1c in the Australian sample, and for smaller geographic units. Analytic inefficiency due to clustering was greatest for geographic units in which participants were nested in fewer, larger geographic units. Differences observed in geographic clustering across risk factors have implications for choice of geographic unit in sampling and analysis, and highlight potential crosscountry differences in the distribution, or role, of environmental features related to cardiometabolic health.

Published
2016
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28. Accumulation of Intrahepatic TNF-a-Producing NKp44 NK Cells Correlates With Liver Fibrosis and Viral Load in Chronic HCV Infection

Author

Pierre Bedossa, Vivien Béziat, Tarik Asselah, Patrice Debré, Patrick Marcellin, Isabelle Nel, Vincent Vieillard, Olivier Lucar, Caroline Petitdemange, M. Lapalus, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'anatomie pathologique [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d’Hépatologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], Hôpital Beaujon, Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Adult, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Observational Study, Hepacivirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Interleukin 21, Immune system, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, medicine, Humans, Aged, Hepatitis, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, business.industry, General Medicine, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Flow Cytometry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Cytokine, Liver, Immunology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Interleukin 12, Female, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, business, Viral hepatitis, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Research Article
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, In the setting of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, changes in natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to reflect activation in response to virus stimulation. The contribution of individual natural cytotoxicity receptors to HCV infection remains to be clarified. NKp44 is the sole specific natural cytotoxicity receptor expressed only on activated NK cells. In this study, peripheral blood and liver NK-cell subsets were purified from 31 patients with chronic C hepatitis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and then characterized by flow cytometry. Their polyfunctional activity was determined by expression of the CD107a degranulation marker, together with intracellular cytokine production. Unlike the patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, patients with chronic HCV infection had a higher frequency of NKp44+ NK cells in the liver than in their peripheral blood (P

Published
2016
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29. Functional Characterization of DNA Methylation in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage

Author

Catherine Lubetzki, Michael Wegner, Dipankar Dutta, Gareth R. John, Jimmy L. Huynh, Ben Emery, Dan Ma, Jun Zhu, Fan Zhang, Rebecca Lawrence, Patrizia Casaccia, Sarah Moyon, Guoping Fan, Seungyeul Yoo, Jeffrey L. Dupree, Robin J.M. Franklin, Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Dpt of Neurology [New York], Department of Clinical Neurosciences [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Institut für Biochemie [Erlangen], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis [New York], Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Department of Neurology [Portland], Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Dpt of Anatomy and Neurobiology [Richmond], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), d'Eggis, Gilles, Franklin, Robin [0000-0001-6522-2104], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lineage (genetic), Biomedical, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Medical Physiology, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Basic Science, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Epigenomics, 0604 Genetics, FOS: Clinical medicine, Prevention, Neurogenesis, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Cell cycle, Stem Cell Research, Phenotype, Oligodendrocyte, stomatognathic diseases, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), nervous system, FOS: Biological sciences, DNA methylation, RNA splicing, Cancer research, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

International audience; Oligodendrocytes derive from progenitors (OPCs) through the interplay of epigenomic and transcriptional events. By integrating high-resolution methylomics, RNA-sequencing, and multiple transgenic lines, this study defines the role of DNMT1 in developmental myelination. We detected hypermethylation of genes related to cell cycle and neurogenesis during differentiation of OPCs, yet genetic ablation of Dnmt1 resulted in inefficient OPC expansion and severe hypomyelination associated with ataxia and tremors in mice. This phenotype was not caused by lineage switch or massive apoptosis but was characterized by a profound defect of differentiation associated with changes in exon-skipping and intron-retention splicing events and by the activation of an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Therefore, loss of Dnmt1 in OPCs is not sufficient to induce a lineage switch but acts as an important determinant of the coordination between RNA splicing and protein synthesis necessary for myelin formation.

Published
2016
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30. A multistage controlled intervention to increase stair climbing at work: effectiveness and process evaluation

Author

Jean-Michel Oppert, Hélène Charreire, Anne-Marie Fontvieille, Alice Bellicha, Aurélie Kieusseian, Antonio Tataranni, Nane Copin, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sanofi-Aventis R&D, SANOFI Recherche, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France (CRNH-IDF), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-CETAF-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-CETAF-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Adult, Male, Paris, Work, medicine.medical_specialty, Occupational Health Services, Psychological intervention, Medicine (miscellaneous), Behavioural sciences, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Health Promotion, Walking, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Workplace, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 030505 public health, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Research, Stair climbing, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Significant difference, Work (physics), Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Health promotion, Physical therapy, Female, Process evaluation, 0305 other medical science, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, human activities
Abstract

Background Stair climbing helps to accumulate short bouts of physical activity throughout the day as a strategy for attaining recommended physical activity levels. There exists a need for effective long-term stair-climbing interventions that can be transferred to various worksite settings. The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate short- and long-term effectiveness of a worksite stair-climbing intervention using an objective measurement of stair climbing and a controlled design; and 2) to perform a process evaluation of the intervention. Methods We performed a controlled before-and-after study. The study was conducted in two corporate buildings of the same company located in Paris (France), between September, 2013 and September, 2014. The status of either “intervention site” or “control site” was assigned by the investigators. Participants were on-site employees (intervention site: n = 783; control site: n = 545 at baseline). Two one-month intervention phases using signs (intervention phase 1) and enhancement of stairwell aesthetics (intervention phase 2) were performed. The main outcome was the change in stair climbing, measured with automatic counters and expressed in absolute counts/day/100 employees and percent change compared to baseline. Qualitative outcomes were used to describe the intervention process. Results Stair climbing significantly increased at the intervention site (+18.7 %) but decreased at the control site (-13.3 %) during the second intervention phase (difference between sites: +4.6 counts/day/100 employees, p

Published
2016
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31. Risk factors for substances use and misuse among young people in France: what can we learn from the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale?

Author

A. Ali, C. Hassler, Arnaud Carre, Sylvie Berthoz, S. Spilka, Caroline Barry, Antoine Vanier, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie - Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social ( LIP-PC2S ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie ( LIP-PC2S ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), l'Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies ( OFDT ), OFDT, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Service de Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris ( IMM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), l'Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de Biostatistique, Santé Publique et Information Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (BIOSPIM ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), d'Eggis, Gilles, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse

Subjects
Male, Marijuana Abuse, 030508 substance abuse, Neuropsychological Tests, Toxicology, Developmental psychology, Tobacco Use, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Pharmacology (medical), Big Five personality traits, media_common, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, biology, 3. Good health, Adolescence, Psychiatry and Mental health, Alcoholism, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, France, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Risk assessment, Psychology, Personality, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, media_common.quotation_subject, Addiction, Impulsivity, Risk Assessment, Measurement Invariance, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Sex Factors, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine, Humans, Measurement invariance, Pharmacology, Prevention, Reproducibility of Results, Gender, biology.organism_classification, 030227 psychiatry, Anxiety sensitivity, Cannabis, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Background: The prevention of addictions in young people is a challenge for Mental and Public Health policies, and requires specific risk-screening tools. Specific personality traits, as assessed using the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), could play a key role in the onset and escalation of substance use. This study aimed to examine (1) measurement invariance across age and gender (2) the effects of age and gender on associations between SURPS scores and the most frequently-consumed substances. Methods: Analyses were based on the responses from 5069 participants (aged 14-20 years) from the 2011 ESPAD-France dataset. Substance-use outcomes were experimentation and current frequency of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, and drunkenness. Results: Our approach, consisting in analysing measurement and structural invariance and interaction terms, established the stability of (i) SURPS profiles, and (ii) relationships between these scores and substance experimentation and use over a developmental period ranging from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Measurement invariance across genders was also confirmed despite the absence of scalar invariance for 2 items. Significant interactions between gender and SURPS factors were established, highlighting differential vulnerability, especially concerning Hopelessness and experimentation of alcohol and drunkenness, or Impulsivity and tobacco experimentation. Finally, Anxiety Sensitivity could be protective against substance use, especially for cannabis in girls. Conclusions: Our results suggest the relevance of the SURPS to assess vulnerability towards drug use, and underline the need to consider gender differences in addiction risks.

Published
2016
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32. EMQN best practice guidelines for the molecular genetic testing and reporting of chromosome 11p15 imprinting disorders: Silver–Russell and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

Author

Thomas Eggermann, Rosanna Weksberg, Frédéric Brioude, Andrea Riccio, David Monk, Gudrun E. Moore, Fiona Macdonald, Karin Buiting, Irène Netchine, Pablo Lapunzina, Thalia Antoniadi, Zeynep Tümer, Matthias Begemann, Eamonn R. Maher, Katja Eggermann, Deborah J G Mackay, Dirk Prawitt, Paolo Lombardi, Elizabeth M. Algar, Jet Bliek, Lukas Soellner, Silvia Russo, Marcel M.A.M. Mannens, Karen Grønskov, Institut für Humangenetik, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory [Clayton], Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Institute of Human Genetics - Institut für Humangenetik [Essen], Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen)-Universitat Duisberg-Essen, Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS, Department of Clinical Genetics [Copenhagen], Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital-Copenhagen University Hospital, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program-PEBC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Fetal Growth and Developmental Group, University College of London [London] (UCL), West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine [Mainz], University Medical Center [Mainz], DISTABiF, Seconda Universita di Napoli, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics [Toronto], The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Program in genetics and genome biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IDIPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), d'Eggis, Gilles, Eggermann, Katja, Bliek, Jet, Brioude, Frédéric, Algar, Elizabeth, Buiting, Karin, Russo, Silvia, Tümer, Zeynep, Monk, David, Moore, Gudrun, Antoniadi, Thalia, Macdonald, Fiona, Netchine, Irène, Lombardi, Paolo, Soellner, Luka, Begemann, Matthia, Prawitt, Dirk, Maher, Eamonn R, Mannens, Marcel, Riccio, Andrea, Weksberg, Rosanna, Lapunzina, Pablo, Grønskov, Karen, Mackay, Deborah JG, Eggermann, Thomas, Maher, Eamonn [0000-0002-6226-6918], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Human Genetics, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, and ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Best practice, Medizin, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, MEDLINE, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Bioinformatics, Genomic Imprinting, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Medical physics, Genetic Testing, Societies, Medical, Genetics (clinical), Genetic testing, Molecular Diagnostic Testing, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, Molecular genetic testing, Guideline, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Europe, Silver-Russell Syndrome, Policy, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Medical genetics
Abstract

International audience; Molecular genetic testing for the 11p15-associated imprinting disorders Silver–Russell and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging because of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of the affected imprinted regions. With the growing knowledge on the molecular basis of these disorders and the demand for molecular testing, it turned out that there is an urgent need for a standardized molecular diagnostic testing and reporting strategy. Based on the results from the first external pilot quality assessment schemes organized by the European Molecular Quality Network (EMQN) in 2014 and in context with activities of the European Network of Imprinting Disorders (EUCID.net) towards a consensus in diagnostics and management of SRS and BWS, best practice guidelines have now been developed. Members of institutions working in the field of SRS and BWS diagnostics were invited to comment, and in the light of their feedback amendments were made. The final document was ratified in the course of an EMQN best practice guideline meeting and is in accordance with the general SRS and BWS consensus guidelines, which are in preparation. These guidelines are based on the knowledge acquired from peer-reviewed and published data, as well as observations of the authors in their practice. However, these guidelines can only provide a snapshot of current knowledge at the time of manuscript submission and readers are advised to keep up with the literature.

Published
2016
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33. CYP46A1, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol degradation, is neuroprotective in Huntington’s disease

Author

Sandrine Betuing, Anabelle Planques, Françoise Piguet, Gaëtan Despres, Jocelyne Caboche, Christiane Pagès, Nicolas Heck, Lara Moumné, Nathalie Cartier, Amelie Hu, Laurie Galvan, Antonin Lamaziere, Susanne Bolte, Lydie Boussicault, Sandro Alves, Patrick Aubourg, Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thérapie génique, Génomique et Epigénomique (U 1169), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Développement et Neuropharmacologie / Development and Neuropharmacology, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris sciences et lettres (2020-....) (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris sciences et lettres (2020-....) (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs (NPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, University of California, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Neurogénétique moléculaire, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Development and Neuropharmacology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (INSERM CNRS 7141), Collège de France (CdF), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex MemoLife, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Labex MemoLife, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC), d'Eggis, Gilles, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Labex MemoLife, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Huntingtin, striatum, Striatum, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Desmosterol, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, Putamen, Huntington's disease, Middle Aged, Neuroprotection, 3. Good health, CYP46A1, Cholesterol, medicine.anatomical_structure, Huntington Disease, Cerebral cortex, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, neuroprotection, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Huntington’s disease, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Neurologie, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase, Animals, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, Aged, cholesterol, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, nervous system, Steroid Hydroxylases, Mice, Inbred CBA, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin (Exp-HTT) leading to degeneration of striatal neurons. Altered brain cholesterol homeostasis has been implicated in Huntington's disease, with increased accumulation of cholesterol in striatal neurons yet reduced levels of cholesterol metabolic precursors. To elucidate these two seemingly opposing dysregulations, we investigated the expression of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), the neuronal-specific and rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol conversion to 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC). CYP46A1 protein levels were decreased in the putamen, but not cerebral cortex samples, of post-mortem Huntington's disease patients when compared to controls. Cyp46A1 mRNA and CYP46A1 protein levels were also decreased in the striatum of the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse model and in SThdhQ111 cell lines. In vivo, in a wild-type context, knocking down CYP46A1 expression in the striatum, via an adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of selective shCYP46A1, reproduced the Huntington's disease phenotype, with spontaneous striatal neuron degeneration and motor deficits, as assessed by rotarod. In vitro, CYP46A1 restoration protected SThdhQ111 and Exp-HTT-expressing striatal neurons in culture from cell death. In the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse model, adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of CYP46A1 into the striatum decreased neuronal atrophy, decreased the number, intensity level and size of Exp-HTT aggregates and improved motor deficits, as assessed by rotarod and clasping behavioural tests. Adeno-associated virus-CYP46A1 infection in R6/2 mice also restored levels of cholesterol and lanosterol and increased levels of desmosterol. In vitro, lanosterol and desmosterol were found to protect striatal neurons expressing Exp-HTT from death. We conclude that restoring CYP46A1 activity in the striatum promises a new therapeutic approach in Huntington's disease., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016
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34. Hippocampal volume predicts antidepressant efficacy in depressed patients without incomplete hippocampal inversion

Author

Bruno Falissard, Denis Ducreux, Emmanuelle Corruble, Ghaidaa Nasser, Romain Colle, Claire Cury, Eric Deflesselle, Olivier Colliot, Marie Chupin, Patrick Hardy, d'Eggis, Gilles, Santé mentale et santé publique (SMSP - U1178), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de psychiatrie [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités (IR4M), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé mentale et santé publique ( SMSP - U1178 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain ( ARAMIS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités ( IR4M ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Inria de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris

Subjects
Male, [ SDV.MHEP.PSM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Antidepressant, Hippocampus, lcsh:RC346-429, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Hippocampus (mythology), Prospective Studies, Young adult, Major depressive episode, Prospective cohort study, Response, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Antidepressive Agents, Neurology, Predictive value of tests, Cardiology, lcsh:R858-859.7, Major depressive disorder, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Major Depressive Disorder, Remission, Cognitive Neuroscience, Context (language use), IHI, Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychiatry, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Depressive Disorder, Major, medicine.disease, MDD, Major Depressive Disorder, Hippocampal volume, 030227 psychiatry, ROC Curve, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Case-Control Studies, Neurology (clinical), HV, hippocampal volume, MDE, Major Depressive Episode, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), also called malrotation, is a frequent atypical anatomical pattern of the hippocampus. Because of the crucial implication of the hippocampus in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of MDD, we aimed to assess the prevalence of IHI in patients with MDD, the link of IHI with hippocampal volume (HV) and the impact of IHI on the predictive value of HV for response and remission after antidepressant treatment. Methods IHI (right and left, partial and total and IHI scores) and HV were assessed in 60 patients with a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in a context of MDD and 60 matched controls. Patients were prospectively assessed at baseline and after one, three and six months of antidepressant treatment for response and remission. Results The prevalence of IHI did not significantly differ between MDD patients (right = 23.3%; left = 38.3%) and controls (right = 16.7%; left = 33.3%). IHI was not significantly associated with MDD clinical characteristics. IHI alone did not predict response and remission after antidepressant treatment. However, an interaction between left HV and left IHI predicted six-month response (p = 0.04), HDRS score decrease (p = 0.02) and both three-month (p = 0.04) and six-month (p = 0.03) remission. A case-control design in 30 matched patients with or without left IHI confirmed that interaction. In patients without left IHI, left HV at baseline were smaller in six-month non-remitters as compared to remitters (2.2(± 0.43) cm3 vs 2.97(± 0.5) cm3 p = 0.02), and in six-month non-responders as compared to responders (2.18(± 0.42) cm3 vs 2.86(± 0.54) cm3, p = 0.03). In patients with left IHI, no association was found between left HV at baseline and antidepressant response and remission. Conclusion IHI is not more frequent in MDD patients than in controls, is not associated with HV, but is a confounder that decreases the predictive value of hippocampal volume to predict response or remission after antidepressant treatment. IHI should be systematically assessed in future research studies assessing hippocampal volume in MDD., Highlights • Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is not significantly more frequent in MDD than in controls. • IHI is not significantly associated with MDD clinical characteristics. • Hippocampal volume predicts antidepressant efficacy in MDD patients without IHI. • Hippocampal volume does not predict antidepressant efficacy in patients with IHI.

Published
2016
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35. Novel CXCL13 transgenic mouse: inflammation drives pathogenic effect of CXCL13 in experimental myasthenia gravis

Author

Weiss, Julia Miriam, Robinet, Marieke, Aricha, Revital, Cufi, Perrine, Villeret, Bérengère, Lantner, Frida, Shachar, Idit, Fuchs, Sara, Souroujon, Miriam C, Berrih-Aknin, Sonia, Le Panse, Rozen, Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Open University of Israël, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, thymus, Cells, Cultured, CXCL13-CXCR5, B-Lymphocytes, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, autoimmunity, Research Paper: Immunology, Flow Cytometry, 3. Good health, Lymphatic system, Oncology, Immunology and Microbiology Section, Female, medicine.symptom, Genetically modified mouse, [SDV.MHEP.AHA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Inflammation, Mice, Transgenic, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, CXCL13, Immune response, B cells, chemokine, Autoantibody, Immunity, Germinal center, Epithelial Cells, medicine.disease, Germinal Center, Chemokine CXCL13, Myasthenia gravis, Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Keratin 5, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, Thymus Hyperplasia, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Abnormal overexpression of CXCL13 is observed in many inflamed tissues and in particular in autoimmune diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease mainly mediated by anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies. Thymic hyperplasia characterized by ectopic germinal centers (GCs) is a common feature in MG and is correlated with high levels of anti-AChR antibodies. We previously showed that the B-cell chemoattractant, CXCL13 is overexpressed by thymic epithelial cells in MG patients. We hypothesized that abnormal CXCL13 expression by the thymic epithelium triggered B-cell recruitment in MG. We therefore created a novel transgenic (Tg) mouse with a keratin 5 driven CXCL13 expression. The thymus of Tg mice overexpressed CXCL13 but did not trigger B-cell recruitment. However, in inflammatory conditions, induced by Poly(I:C), B cells strongly migrated to the thymus. Tg mice were also more susceptible to experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) with stronger clinical signs, higher titers of anti-AChR antibodies, increased thymic B cells, and the development of germinal center-like structures. Consequently, this mouse model finally mimics the thymic pathology observed in human MG. Our data also demonstrated that inflammation is mandatory to reveal CXCL13 ability to recruit B cells and to induce tertiary lymphoid organ development.

Published
2016
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36. Neuroprotective and neurorestorative potential of xenon

Author

Patrick P. Michel, J Lavaur, D Le Nogue, E. C. Hirsch, Marc Lemaire, Jan Pype, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Claude Delorme [Jouy-en-Josas] (CRCD), Air Liquide [Siège Social], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Traumatic brain injury, Immunology, Central nervous system, Neuroprotection, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], business.industry, Neurodegeneration, Glutamate receptor, Memantine, Cell Biology, News and Commentary, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, NMDA receptor, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Alzheimer's disease, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Xenon is a monatomic gas that belongs to the family of noble gases. Like other noble gases, it is characterized by a filled valence shell and therefore exhibits low chemical reactivity. Paradoxically, xenon possesses a remarkable spectrum of biological effects that are of potential clinical interest. Xenon is an approved anesthetic drug with analgesic properties. In addition to that xenon is neuroprotective in preclinical models of focal and global brain ischemia, spinal cord ischemia and traumatic brain injury. These neuroprotective effects are generally observed at concentrations of xenon ranging from 35 to 75%. Although the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels or of two-pore potassium channels may explain some of the neuroprotective effects of xenon, the noble gas appears to work primarily by limiting the overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors under excitotoxic stress conditions. More specifically, xenon has been reported to compete with glycine, a co-agonist for NMDA receptor activation. Excitotoxic stress mediated through NMDA receptors is most generally associated to acute central nervous system insults such as ischemia and traumatic brain injury, but chronic, low-level overexcitation of these receptors is also a possible contributor to neuronal death in a number of chronic neurodegenerative conditions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The implication of excitotoxic stress in AD-mediated neurodegeneration is specifically supported by studies reporting the benefits of treatments with NMDA receptor antagonists in preclinical models of the disease. Of interest, one of these antagonists memantine has also a small beneficial effect on cognitive impairment in AD patients.

Published
2016
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37. Yémen, un patrimoine en danger

Author

Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude, Tawaf, Mohammed, Vallet, Eric, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Conflit, Yémen, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Moyen-orient, Guerre, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Le 14 décembre 2016, la Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilisations propose une soirée consacrée au Yémen, ancienne Arabie du Sud, terre de la reine de Saba, qui possède l'un des paysages culturels les plus riches et les plus anciens de la péninsule arabique. Son patrimoine couvre des milliers d'années.Or ce pays de 27 millions d'habitants est en proie depuis 2014 à un conflit violent qui oppose les forces gouvernementales fidèles à l'ancien président en fuite, Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi, à la rébellion houthiste, qui s'est emparée d'une partie du pays. Dans cet affrontement où les lignes de clivages tendent à devenir religieuses voire sectaires, les rebelles houthistes (minorité chiite) sont contrés par une coalition de plusieurs pays, menés par l'Arabie saoudite (sunnite), qui effectue des bombardements meurtriers. Outre les nombreuses victimes civiles, les destructions n'épargnent pas les sites historiques uniques de ce pays, dont certains sont classés par l'Unesco.La conférence propose d'éclairer cette situation complexe et d'attirer l'attention sur la richesse historique du patrimoine yéménite et l'ampleur des dommages qu'il subit. L'intervention d'Éric Vallet portera sur les racines historiques du conflit. Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle traitera de la richesse du patrimoine culturel immatériel du Yémen à travers l'exemple des langues sudarabiques modernes et de leur littérature. Enfin, Mohammed Tawaf traitera des conséquences du conflit sur les archives qui se trouvent au Yémen.

Published
2016

38. NK cells control HIV‐1 infection of macrophages through soluble factors and cellular contacts in the human decidua

Author

Romain Marlin, Marion Duriez, Héloïse Quillay, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Marie-Thérèse Nugeyre, H. El Costa, M. Rahmati, Yoann Madec, Elisabeth Menu, C. de Truchis, Claude Cannou, Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, médecine de la reproduction [Béclère], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, HIV Infections, NK cells, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Interferon gamma, IFN-γ, Cells, Cultured, Mother‑to‑child transmission, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Decidua, Phenotype, 3. Good health, Killer Cells, Natural, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Antibody, medicine.drug, HIV‑1, Biology, Interferon-gamma, 03 medical and health sciences, Placenta, Virology, Control, medicine, Humans, Secretion, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Innate immune system, Mother-to-child transmission, Research, Macrophages, Coculture Techniques, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, In vitro, Culture Media, Pregnancy Trimester, First, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, HIV-1, biology.protein, IFN‑γ, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Background During the first trimester of pregnancy, HIV-1 in utero transmission is rare despite the permissivity of the placenta and the decidua (the uterine mucosa during pregnancy) to infection. In the decidua from the first trimester of pregnancy, macrophages (dMs) are the HIV-1 main target cells. Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells account for 70 % of decidual leukocytes. They display distinct phenotype and functions compared to peripheral NK cells. At the periphery, NK cells are involved in the control of HIV-1 infection. In this study, we investigate whether human decidual natural killer (dNK) cells control dM HIV-1 infection. Results Autologous cocultures of infected dMs with dNK cells reveal that dNK cells strongly inhibit dM HIV-1 infection. The addition of dNK cells to dMs at different times after infection suggests that the control occurs before the complete establishment of the infection. Double chamber cocultures show that cellular contacts are necessary for an optimal control of infection. Nevertheless, soluble factors secreted by dMs and dNK cells in double chamber cocultures partially inhibit dM HIV-1 infection, indicating that soluble factors have also a role in the control of infection. IFN-γ secretion is increased in infected and uninfected cocultures. We show that IFN-γ is involved in the control of dM HIV-1 infection by dNK cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that human dNK cells inhibit efficiently HIV-1 infection in dMs in vitro, and highlight the role of innate immune determinants in the control of HIV-1 transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0271-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016
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39. Culture Model of Rat Portal Myofibroblasts

Author

Haquima eEl Mourabit, Emilien eLoeuillard, Sara eLemoinne, Axelle eCadoret, Chantal eHousset, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, Biology, lcsh:Physiology, alpha-smooth muscle actin, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytokeratin, Physiology (medical), medicine, liver digestion, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Progenitor cell, liver fibrosis, Confluency, lcsh:QP1-981, fibulin 2, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cytokeratin 19, collagen-type XV-alpha 1, collagen type XV alpha 1, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Collagen, type I, alpha 1, 030104 developmental biology, Hepatic stellate cell, portal tract, Bile Ducts, Myofibroblast, Protocols, Fetal bovine serum
Abstract

International audience; Myofibroblasts are matrix-producing cells with contractile properties, usually characterized by de novo expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, that arise in fibrotic diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), known as perisinusoidal cells containing auto-fluorescent vitamin A, are the major although not exclusive source of myofibroblasts in the injured liver. Portal myofibroblasts (PMFs) have been defined as liver myofibroblasts derived from cells that are distinct from HSCs and located in the portal tract. Here, we describe the protocol we have established to obtain rat PMFs in culture. In this method, the biliary tree is (i) separated from the liver parenchyma by in situ enzymatic perfusion of the liver, (ii) minced and further digested in vitro, until bile duct segments are isolated by sequential filtration. Bile duct isolates free of HSC contaminants, form small cell clusters, which initially comprise a large majority of epithelial cells. In culture conditions (fetal bovine serum) that provide a growth advantage to mesenchymal cells over epithelial cells, the epithelial cells die and detach from the substrate, while spindle-shaped cells outgrow from the periphery of the cell clusters, as shown by video-microscopy. These cells are highly proliferative and after 4–5 days, the culture is composed exclusively of fully differentiated myofibroblasts, which express alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen 1, and secrete abundant collagen. We found no evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, i.e., no co-expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin at any stage, while cytokeratin becomes undetectable in the confluent cells. PMFs obtained by this method express the genes that were previously reported to be overexpressed in non-HSC or portal fibroblast-derived liver myofibroblasts as compared to HSC-derived myofibroblasts, including the most discriminant, collagen 15, fibulin 2, and Thy-1. After one passage, PMFs retain the same phenotypic features as in primary culture. In conclusion, this straightforward and reproducible method of PMF culture, can be used to identify new markers of PMFs at different stages of differentiation, to compare their phenotype with those of HSC-MFs and ultimately determine their progenitors and specific functions in liver wound-healing.

Published
2016
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40. Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Blood in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Patients Identifies TNFR1 and TLR Pathways in the IVIg Response

Author

Céline Labeyrie, Karine Viala, Fleur Cohen Aubart, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Pauline Reach, Khadija Tahiri, Justine Gueguen, Vincent Guillemot, Wassila Carpentier, David H. Adams, Alexandra Richard, Rabab Debs, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), UMS omique (OMIQUE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de neurosciences translationnelles de Paris (NeurATRIS - IHU-A-ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Centre de référence des neuropathies amyloïdes et autres neuropathies rares, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, d'Eggis, Gilles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, UNC93B1, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Observational Study, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmunity, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, Humans, Medicine, Receptor, Aged, Innate immune system, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Toll-Like Receptors, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Polyradiculoneuropathy, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating, Pharmacogenetics, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Antibody Formation, Immunology, Female, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Signal Transduction, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; We have studied the response to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) by a transcriptomic approach in 11 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) patients (CIDP duration = 6 [0.83–6.5] years). RNA was extracted from cells in whole blood collected before and 3 weeks after IVIg treatment, and hybridized on Illumina chips. After RNA quality controls, gene expression was analyzed using statistical tests fitted for microarrays (R software, limma package), and a pathway analysis was performed using DAVID software. We identified 52 genes with expression that varied significantly after IVIg (fold change [FC] > 1.2, P

Published
2016
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41. Ce que l'art peut à Gaza

Author

Nasser, Arab, Mozaien, Khalil, Latte Abdallah, Stephanie, Patrizia, Roletti, Nasser, Tarzan, Kronfol, Ramla, Jacqueau, Thomas, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, Palestine, Cinéma - Histoire et critique, Gaza, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Films
Abstract

Cette table ronde qui réunit des réalisateurs de Gaza et des chercheurs, spécialistes de l’image mouvante en Palestine, est l’occasion de revenir sur l’histoire, l’évolution et les enjeux de la scène cinématographique à Gaza. Malgré le peu d’étude sur l’histoire du cinéma à Gaza, cet art y existe depuis les années 1940 avec la construction de la première salle de cinéma en 1944. En 1970, Gaza comporte une dizaine de cinémas dans toute la ville. Aujourd’hui, des groupes extrémistes ont fermé l’ensemble des cinémas, si bien que les passionnés de septième art ne peuvent plus visionner un film dans une salle de cinéma. Et pourtant, des réalisateurs se battent au quotidien, pour s’exprimer et offrir d’autres regards sur leur monde. Dans un contexte où l’industrie cinématographique n’existe pas, quelles sont les conditions de production de films, qu’ils soient de fiction ou documentaires ? Quels sont les risques pour les réalisateurs d’exercer un art, qui n’est pas nécessairement jugés halal aux yeux des autorités ? Comment se vit-on cinéaste à Gaza et que peut le cinéma à Gaza ?

Published
2016

42. Nakai Masakazu et la renaissance des bibliothèques au Japon, 1945-1952

Author

Lucken, Michael, Boussemart, Antony, Jacqueau, Thomas, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Japon, Bibliothèque, Bibliothéconomie et de science de l'information, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Asie Orientale
Abstract

Le philosophe Nakai Masakazu (1900-1952) fut l'un des fondateurs de la Bibliothèque nationale de la Diète, qui ouvrit ses portes au public à Tokyo en 1948. Originaire du département de Hiroshima, il contribua en quelques années à transformer un système documentaire élitiste et peu développé en un remarquable outil au service de la population. Contrairement à ce qui a souvent été affirmé, cette mutation n'est pas uniquement le résultat de l'influence américaine pendant l'Occupation. En retraçant le parcours de Nakai, l’objectif est de faire mieux comprendre les valeurs des élites progressistes japonaises qui, avec pragmatisme et enthousiasme, ont reposé les bases de la citoyenneté après 1945. Au-delà, il s’agit de réfléchir au rapport au savoir dans un contexte de domination culturelle.

Published
2016

43. Study of infectious conjunctivitis among children in rural areas of Qinghai province

Author

Lei Tian, Xinxin Lu, Qingfeng Liang, Ailian Hu, Antoine Labbé, Mei Wang, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, rural children, education, chlamydia, Tibet, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Conjunctivitis, Bacterial, Conjunctivitis, Viral, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Environmental Science(all), [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Environmental health, Infectious conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Child, bacteria, General Environmental Science, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Chlamydia, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), business.industry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Public health, Mean age, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Clinical diagnosis, Immunology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Rural area, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, Rural population
Abstract

International audience; Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectious conjunctivitis remains a public health issue. Here, we evaluate the ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among primary school students in the rural areas of Xunhua, Huangyuan, and Huzhu Counties in the Qinghai province of China, and report the microorganisms involved in causing infection. Of the 765 eligible primary school students, 694 participated to this study (a response rateof 90.7%), 381 boys and 313 girls, with a mean age of 7.52 years (range 7–9 years). A clinical diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis was returned for 238 of the 694 children examined. The ratio of infectious conjunctivitis in Xunhua County (46.64%) was higher compared to that in Huangyuan (26.67%; P=0.03) and Huzhu Counties (23.61%; P=0.02). The leading cause of conjunctivitis was bacterial, followed by chlamydial and viral. Our results show that there is a high ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among rural primary school students in Qinghai province.

Published
2016
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44. Comprehensive morpho-constitutional analysis of urinary stones improves etiological diagnosis and therapeutic strategy of nephrolithiasis

Author

Vincent Frochot, Jean-Philippe Haymann, Michel Daudon, Dominique Bazin, Emmanuel Letavernier, Arnaud Dessombz, Paul Jungers, Des Maladies Rénales Rares aux Maladies Fréquentes, Remodelage et Réparation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Néphrologie [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), d'Eggis, Gilles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé ( SMiLES ), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris ( LCMCP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
[ SDV.MHEP.UN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Morphology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry(all), Etiology, General Chemical Engineering, Urinary system, 030232 urology & nephrology, Calcium oxalate, Urine, Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Primary hyperoxaluria, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [ CHIM.CRIS ] Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, 0302 clinical medicine, Distal renal tubular acidosis, Urolithiasis, Internal medicine, medicine, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Hypercalciuria, [CHIM.CRIS] Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Drugs, General Chemistry, Morpho-constitutional analysis, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 3. Good health, Steatorrhea, chemistry, Biochemistry, Calcium phosphate, Purines, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Chemical Engineering(all), Uric acid, Cystine, medicine.symptom, Stone analysis
Abstract

International audience; The generalized use of physical methods, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) decisively improved urinary stone analysis by allowing to accurately identify the chemical nature, crystalline phases and relative proportions of stone constituents. Such compositional analysis is sufficient to identify stone diseases involving a single specific component such as cystine, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA), struvite, uric acid, ammonium hydrogen urate or a drug. However, for common calcium nephrolithiasis, which represents by far the largest part of urinary stones throughout the world, the simple identification of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and/or calcium phosphate (CaP) as constituents provides incomplete etiologic information because a same elemental stone composition may result from different lithogenic processes.A more comprehensive method combining careful morphologic examination of the surface and the section of stones with detailed FTIR analysis of the nature, location, crystalline phases and a respective proportion of stone constituents, therefore termed ‘morpho-constitutional’ analysis, as used in our laboratory for four decades provides more complete etiologic information. In common idiopathic CaOx nephrolithiasis, the predominance of the monohydrate form (COM) was shown to be associated with elevated urine Ox concentration, whereas the dihydrate form (COD) was associated with hypercalciuria, thus orienting dietary and/or pharmacological intervention. A major contribution of the method is to immediately orient the diagnosis of rare, but severe, diseases leading to a loss of renal function, when stone analysis reveals a peculiar morphology of common constituents. The most salient examples are the type Ic morphology of COM stones, pathognomonic of primary hyperoxaluria, type Ie morphology, which is highly suggestive of absorptive hyperoxaluria as seen in inflammatory bowel diseases and pathologies inducing steatorrhea, type IIId morphology of ammonium urate stones, which orientates towards chronic diarrhea with dietary imbalance and loss of electrolytes, and type IVa2 morphology of carbapatite, specific of distal renal tubular acidosis of congenital or acquired origin, and distinctive aspect of 2,8-DHA stones. In conclusion, the proposed morpho-constitutional method should be recommended for routine stone analysis, inasmuch as it is simple, rapid, reliable, clinically relevant and cost-effective.

Published
2016
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45. Le roman kurde moderne et contemporain

Author

Ay, Serdar, Aydogan, Ibrahim Seydo, Kulek, Ciwanmerd, Ruscio, Maxime, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Kurdistan, [SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature
Abstract

Serdar Ay, chargé de collections pour le domaine kurde à la BULAC, animera cette rencontre dans l'auditorium pour laquelle l'écrivain et traducteur kurde, Ciwanmerd Kulek, ainsi que l'enseignant-chercheur en langue et littérature kurdes et maître de conférences à INALCO, Ibrahim Seydo Aydogan, exploreront le roman kurde moderne et contemporain et s'intéresseront au nouveau dynamisme de l'espace littéraire kurde actuel.

Published
2016

46. Table ronde : les archives ouvertes

Author

Ruscio, Maxime, Rigot, Huguette, Léglise, Isabelle, Jean, Benjamin, Guichard, Benjamin, Bibliothèque, Bulac, and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Archives ouvertes, Libre accès, loi pour une République Numérique, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Science ouverte
Abstract

Pour la première fois, la BULAC propose ce jeudi 1er décembre 2016 une journée d’information pour répondre aux questions pratiques sur le libre accès à l’information scientifique (Open Access). Cette manifestation est conçue pour les enseignants, chercheurs, et doctorants de sciences humaines et sociales dans le champ des études aréales. Le 9 octobre, la loi pour une République Numérique a été définitivement adoptée. Cette loi autorise les chercheurs à diffuser de façon ouverte les résultats de leurs recherches dans des délais encadrés et parfois inférieurs aux délais imposés par les éditeurs. Cette loi ouvre des possibilités nouvelles pour la diffusion de la recherche et l’accès aux publications scientifiques ; il est désormais indispensable pour tous les acteurs de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche d’identifier et d’exploiter les possibilités offertes par l’Open Access pour nourrir et diffuser ses travaux.

Published
2016

47. The impact of transient combination antiretroviral treatment in early HIV infection on viral suppression and immunologic response in later treatment

Author

Pantazis, Nikos, Touloumi, Giota, Meyer, Laurence, Olson, Ashley, Costagliola, Dominique, Kelleher, Anthony D, Lutsar, Irja, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Fisher, Martin, Moreno, Santiago, Porter, Kholoud, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics [Athens], University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit (MRC CTU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society (UNSW), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Génétique et Ecologie des Virus, Génétique des Virus et Pathogénèse des Maladies Virales, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), HIV/GUM Research [Brigton], Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals - NHS Trust (BSUH), Infectious Diseases Department [Madrid], Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria [Madrid, Spain] (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)-Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
Adult, Male, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, virus diseases, HIV, HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Viral Load, virologic response, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, Young Adult, Treatment Outcome, Withholding Treatment, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, immunologic response, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, early/primary HIV infection, treatment reinitiation, transient combination antiretroviral treatment, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Objective: Effects of transient combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) initiated during early HIV infection (EHI) remain unclear. We investigate whether this intervention affects viral suppression and CD4+ cell count increase following its reinitiation in chronic infection (CHI).Design: Longitudinal observational study.Methods: We identified adult patients from Concerted Action of Seroconversion to AIDS and Death in Europe who seroconverted after 1/1/2000, had a 12 months or less HIV test interval and initiated cART from naive. We classified individuals as ‘pretreated in EHI’ if treated within 6 months of seroconversion, interrupted for at least 12 weeks, and reinitiated during CHI. Statistical analysis was performed using survival analysis methods and mixed models.Results: Pretreated and initiated in CHI groups comprised 202 and 4263 individuals, with median follow-up after CHI treatment 4.5 and 3 years, respectively. Both groups had similar virologic response and relapse rates (P = 0.585 and P = 0.206) but pretreated individuals restarted treatment with higher baseline CD4+ cell count (~80 cells/µl; P < 0.001) and retained significantly higher CD4+ cell count for more than 3 years after treatment (re)initiation. Assuming common baseline CD4+ cell count, differences in CD4+ cell count slopes were nonsignificant. Immunovirologic response to CHI treatment was not associated with timing or duration of the transient treatment.Conclusion: Although treatment interruptions are not recommended, stopping cART initiated in EHI does not seem to reduce the chance of a successful outcome of treatment in CHI.

Published
2016
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48. Impact of cord blood banking technologies on clinical outcome: a Eurocord/Cord Blood Committee (CTIWP), European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and NetCord retrospective analysis

Author

Saccardi, Riccardo, Tucunduva, Luciana, Ruggeri, Annalisa, Ionescu, Irina, Koegler, Gesine, Querol, Sergio, Grazzini, Giuliano, Lecchi, Lucilla, Nanni Costa, Alessandro, Navarrete, Cristina, Pouthiers, Fabienne, Larghero, Jerome, Regan, Donna, Freeman, Taryn, Bittencourt, Henrique, Kenzey, Chantal, Labopin, Myriam, Baudoux, Etienne, Rocha, Vanderson, Gluckman, Eliane, Careggi University Hospital, Eurocord, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agence de la Biomedicine, Dusseldorf Cord Blood Bank, University of Düsseldorf, Barcelona Cord Blood Bank, Centro Nazionale Sangue, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Nazionale Trapianti, NHS Cord Blood Bank, Etablissement français du sang [Besançon] (EFS), Paris Cord Blood Bank, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), St Louis Cord Blood Bank & Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Sydney Cord Blood Bank, CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], NetCord Foundation and Liege Cord Blood Bank, Université de Liège, Churchill Hospital [Breast Care Unit], Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, France Monacord, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.HEM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUNDTechniques for banking cord blood units (CBUs) as source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been developed over the past 20 years, aimed to improve laboratory efficiency without altering the biologic properties of the graft. A large-scale, registry-based assessment of the impact of the banking variables on the clinical outcome is currently missing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 677 single cord blood transplants (CBTs) carried out for acute leukemia in complete remission in centers affiliated with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation were selected. An extensive set of data concerning CBU banking were collected and correlations with clinical outcome were assessed. Clinical endpoints were transplant-related mortality, engraftment, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).RESULTSThe median time between collection and CBT was 4.1 years (range, 0.2-16.3 years). Volume reduction (VR) of CBUs before freezing was performed in 59.2% of available reports; in half of these the frozen volume was less than 30 mL. Cumulative incidences of neutrophil engraftment on Day 60, 100-day acute GVHD (II-IV), and 4-year chronic GVHD were 87, 29, and 21 ± 2%. The cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days and 4-year NRM were, respectively, 16 ± 2 and 30 ± 2%. Neither the variables related to banking procedures nor the interval between collection and CBT influenced the clinical outcome.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate a satisfactory validation of the techniques associated with CBU VR across the banks. Cell viability assessment varied among the banks, suggesting that efforts to improve the standardization of CBU quality controls are needed.

Published
2016
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49. Access to HIV care in the context of universal test and treat: challenges within the ANRS 12249 TasP cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa

Author

Joseph Larmarange, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Collins Iwuji, Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Kamal El Farouki, Melanie Plazy, Marie-Louise Newell, François Dabis, Nonhlanhla Okesola, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Research Department of Infection and Population Health [London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Human Health and Development, French National Agency for AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Research (ANRS), International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Inc., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Merck & Co. Inc., Gilead Sciences, Wellcome Trust, French National Agency for AIDS Research (ANRS), French Charity Sidaction, d'Eggis, Gilles, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement ( ISPED ), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique ( iPLESP ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), University of KwaZulu-Natal ( UKZN ) -Medical Research Council of South Africa, Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and University of Southampton [Southampton]

Subjects
Adult, Counseling, Male, Rural Population, 0301 basic medicine, home-based HIV counselling and testing, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Referral, Psychological intervention, HIV Infections, Context (language use), Health Services Accessibility, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Humans, universal test and treat, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Young adult, Referral and Consultation, Aged, linkage to care, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Attendance, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, 3. Good health, Logistic Models, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, HIV/AIDS, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Research Article, Cohort study
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: We aimed to quantify and identify associated factors of linkage to HIV care following home-based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) in the ongoing ANRS 12249 treatment-as-prevention (TasP) cluster-randomized trial in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: Individuals ]16 years were offered HBHCT; those who were identified HIV positive were referred to cluster-based TasP clinics and offered antiretroviral treatment (ART) immediately (five clusters) or according to national guidelines (five clusters). HIV care was also available in the local Department of Health (DoH) clinics. Linkage to HIV care was defined as TasP or DoH clinic attendance within three months of referral among adults not in HIV care at referral. Associated factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for trial arm. Results: Overall, 1323 HIV-positive adults (72.9% women) not in HIV care at referral were included, of whom 36.9% (n 0488) linked to care B3 months of referral (similar by sex). In adjusted analyses (n 01222), individuals who had never been in HIV care before referral were significantly less likely to link to care than those who had previously been in care (B33% vs. !42%, p B0.001). Linkage to care was lower in students (adjusted odds-ratio [aOR] 00.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24Á0.92) than in employed adults, in adults who completed secondary school (aOR 00.68; CI 0.49Á0.96) or at least some secondary school (aOR 00.59; CI 0.41Á0.84) versus 5 primary school, in those who lived at 1 to 2 km (aOR 00.58; CI 0.44Á0.78) or 2Á5 km from the nearest TasP clinic (aOR 00.57; CI 0.41Á0.77) versus B1 km, and in those who were referred to clinic after ]2 contacts (aOR 00.75; CI 0.58Á0.97) versus those referred at the first contact. Linkage to care was higher in adults who reported knowing an HIV-positive family member (aOR 01.45; CI 1.12Á1.86) versus not, and in those who said that they would take ART as soon as possible if they were diagnosed HIV positive (aOR 02.16; CI 1.13Á4.10) versus not. Conclusions: Fewer than 40% of HIV-positive adults not in care at referral were linked to HIV care within three months of HBHCT in the TasP trial. Achieving universal test and treat coverage will require innovative interventions to support linkage to HIV care. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; home-based HIV counselling and testing; linkage to care; universal test and treat; South Africa.

Published
2016
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50. Optimization of brain PET imaging for a multicentre trial: the French CATI experience

Author

Sullivan Marie, Jean-Baptiste Martini, Mamadou Hassimiou Diallo, Marie-Odile Habert, Aurélie Kas, Hugo Bertin, Regine Trebossen, Moana Reynal, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images (CATI), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and d'Eggis, Gilles

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, PET/CT, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Biomedical Engineering, Imaging phantom, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Instrumentation, Original Research, PET-CT, Radiation, business.industry, Multicentre trials, Pet imaging, Quality assurance, Standardization, Large cohort, Neurology, Cohort, Test protocol, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundCATI is a French initiative launched in 2010 to handle the neuroimaging of a large cohort of subjects recruited for an Alzheimer’s research program called MEMENTO. This paper presents our test protocol and results obtained for the 22 PET centres (overall 13 different scanners) involved in the MEMENTO cohort. We determined acquisition parameters using phantom experiments prior to patient studies, with the aim of optimizing PET quantitative values to the highest possible per site, while reducing, if possible, variability across centres.MethodsJaszczak’s and 3D-Hoffman’s phantom measurements were used to assess image spatial resolution (ISR), recovery coefficients (RC) in hot and cold spheres, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For each centre, the optimal reconstruction parameters were chosen as those maximizing ISR and RC without a noticeable decrease in SNR. Point-spread-function (PSF) modelling reconstructions were discarded. The three figures of merit extracted from the images reconstructed with optimized parameters and routine schemes were compared, as were volumes of interest ratios extracted from Hoffman acquisitions. The net effect of the 3D-OSEM reconstruction parameter optimization was investigated on a subset of 18 scanners without PSF modelling reconstruction.ResultsCompared to the routine parameters of the 22 PET centres, average RC in the two smallest hot and cold spheres and average ISR remained stable or were improved with the optimized reconstruction, at the expense of slight SNR degradation, while the dispersion of values was reduced.For the subset of scanners without PSF modelling, the mean RC of the smallest hot sphere obtained with the optimized reconstruction was significantly higher than with routine reconstruction. The putamen and caudate-to-white matter ratios measured on 3D-Hoffman acquisitions of all centres were also significantly improved by the optimization, while the variance was reduced.ConclusionsThis study provides guidelines for optimizing quantitative results for multicentric PET neuroimaging trials.

Published
2015
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