Search

We investigate the magnetic properties of the monoclinic D-type $\rm{Er_2Si_2O_7}$ with a distorted honeycomb lattice using powder and single crystal neutron scattering techniques, as well as single crystal magnetisation measurements. The powder neutron diffraction shows that below the ordering temperature, $T_{\rm N}=1.85$ K, the compound forms a ${\bf q}=0$ antiferromagnetic structure with four sublattices. For $H \! \parallel \! a$, magnetisation measurements reveal a narrow, but clearly visible plateau at one third of the magnetisation saturation value. The plateau's stabilisation is accompanied by a significant increase of the magnetic unit cell, as the magnetic peaks with fractional indices are observed in single crystal neutron diffraction experiments. At low-temperatures, the inelastic neutron scattering measurements reveal the presence of low-energy dispersionless excitations. Their spectrum is sensitive to the applied field, it significantly softens on the magnetisation plateau, and demonstrates the behaviour expected for a non-collinear Ising antiferromagnet away from the plateau., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures and Supplementary Material containing 8 pages, 6 figures. To view the .mcif file, please download and extract the gzipped tar source file listed under "Other formats"

The magnetic behaviour of gadolinium gallium garnet in an external magnetic field at zero temperature is considered. For high fields a classical spin model of the gadolinium ions predicts a spin configuration that is periodic at the level of the smallest repeating unit cell. The quantum version of the model is treated via a truncated Holstein-Primakoff transformation with axes defined by the classical spin configuration, and the magnon excitation bands are calculated. The model predicts a transition in the field range of $1.9$ -- $2.1\mathrm{T}$, sensitive to the direction of the applied field, which is caused by one or more magnon modes becoming soft as the field is decreased. In general the soft modes occur at incommensurate wavevectors and therefore break the periodicity of the spin configuration below the transition. One exception occurs when the field aligns with one of the principle crystal axes, in which case periodicity of the spin configuration is found to be maintained on a larger crystallographic cubic cell even below the transition. This simple case is studied in more detail. Comparisons are drawn with existing experimental data, and further experimental tests of the model are suggested., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures

Competing magnetic interactions in geometrically frustrated magnets give rise to new forms of correlated matter, such as spin liquids and spin ices. Characterizing the magnetic structure of these states has been difficult due to the absence of long-range order. Here, we demonstrate that the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is a sensitive probe of magnetic short-range order (SRO) in geometrically frustrated magnets. In low temperature (2 - 5 K) SSE measurements on a model frustrated magnet \mathrm{Gd_{3}Ga_{5}O_{12}}, we observe modulations in the spin current on top of a smooth background. By comparing to existing neutron diffraction data, we find that these modulations arise from field-induced magnetic ordering that is short-range in nature. The observed SRO is anisotropic with the direction of applied field, which is verified by theoretical calculation., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Measurements of the Hall and dissipative conductivity of a strained Ge quantum well on a SiGe/(001)Si substrate in the quantum Hall regime are reported. We find quantum Hall states in the Composite Fermion family and a precursor signal at filling fraction $\nu=5/2$. We analyse the results in terms of thermally activated quantum tunneling of carriers from one internal edge state to another across saddle points in the long range impurity potential. This shows that the gaps for different filling fractions closely follow the dependence predicted by theory. We also find that the estimates of the separation of the edge states at the saddle are in line with the expectations of an electrostatic model in the lowest spin-polarised Landau level (LL), but not in the spin-reversed LL where the density of quasiparticle states is not high enough to accommodate the carriers required., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material 2 pages, 1 figure

We report the results of neutron scattering on a powder sample of Gd3Ga5O12 at high magnetic fields. We find that in high fields (B>1.8 T) the system is not fully polarized, but has a small canting of the moments induced by the dipolar interaction. We show that the degree of canting is accurately predicted by the standard Hamiltonian which includes the dipolar interaction. The inelastic scattering is dominated at large momentum transfers by a band of almost dispersionless excitations. We show that these correspond to the spin waves localized on ten site rings, expected for a system described by a nearest neighbor interaction, and that the spectrum at high fields B>1.8 T is well-described by a spin wave theory. The phase for fields <1.8 T is characterized by an antiferromagnetic Bragg peak at (210) and an incommensurate peak., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We consider the effect of disorder on the themopower in quantum Hall systems. For a sample in the Corbino geometry, where dissipative currents are not carried by edge states, we find that thermopower behaves at high temperatures like a system with a gap and has a maximum which increases as the temperature is reduced. At lower temperatures this maximum reduces as a function of temperature as a result of tunneling across saddle points in the background potential. Our model assumes that the mean saddle point height varies linearly with the deviation in filling factor from the quantized value. We test this hypothesis against observations for the dissipative electrical conductance as a function of temperature and field and find good agreement with experiment around the minimum., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We propose a method for the optimal time-controlled generation of entangled itinerant particles, using on-demand sources in a conductor in the quantum Hall regime. This entanglement pump is realized by applying periodic, tailored voltage pulses to pairs of quantum dots or quantum point contacts. We show that the pump can produce orbital Bell pairs of both electrons and holes at the optimal rate of half a pair per pumping cycle. The entanglement can be detected by a violation of a Bell inequality formulated in terms of low-frequency current cross correlations., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure

We present a model of dissipative transport in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Our model takes account of tunneling through saddle points in the effective potential for excitations created by impurities. We predict the temperature range over which activated behavior is observed and explain why this range nearly always corresponds to around a factor two in temperature in both integer quantum Hall and fractional quantum Hall systems. We identify the ratio of the gap observed in the activated behavior and the temperature of the inflection point in the Arrhenius plot as an important diagnostic for determining the importance of tunneling in real samples., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, errors in references corrected

We analyse the zero temperature Full Counting Statistics (FCS) for the charge transfer across a biased tunnel junction. We find the FCS from the eigenvalues of the density matrix of outgoing states of one lead. In the general case of a general time-dependent bias and time-dependent transparency we solve for these eigenvalues numerically. We report the FCS for the case of a step pulse applied between the leads and a constant barrier transparency (this case is equivalent to Fermi edge singularity problem). We have also studied combinations of a time-dependent barrier transparency and biases between the leads. In particular we look at protocols which excite the minimal number of excitations for a given charge transfer (low noise electron source) and protocols which maximise entanglement of charge states., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Electron transport in mesoscopic contacts at low temperatures is accompanied by logarithmically divergent equilibrium noise. We show that this equilibrium noise can be dramatically suppressed in the case of a tunnel junction with modulated (time-dependent) transparency, and identify the optimal protocol. We show how such a contact could be used either as an optimal electron entangler or as a single-electron source with suppressed equilibrium noise at low temperatures.

We show that the recently proposed ionic microscope set-up [Kollath et.al, PRA, \textbf{76}, 063602 (2007)] could be adapted to measure the \textit {local single-particle energy distribution} of a degenerate Fermi gas \textit{in situ} with the resolution on the nanometer scale. We study an ion held in a Paul trap in an atomic Fermi gas and compute the two-photon Raman photo-association rate of the ion and an atom. We show that, as a function of the detunings between the frequencies of the two incident lasers and energies in the atom-ion system, the photo-association rate directly measures the single-particle energy distribution in the Fermi gas around the ion. We describe an experiment to measure the photo-association rate of a trapped ion and argue that, as the position of the ion can be scanned through the Fermi gas, this experiment directly probes the local energy and spin-state distribution of the Fermi gas., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Provided the measuring time is short enough, the full counting statistics (FCS) of the charge pumped across a barrier as a result of a series of voltage pulses are shown to be equivalent to the geometry of two planes. This formulation leads to the FCS without the need for the usual non-equilibrium (Keldysh) transport theory or the direct computation of the determinant of an infinite-dimensional matrix. In the particular case of the application of N Lorentzian pulses, we show the computation of the FCS reduces to the diagonalization of an N x N matrix. We also use the formulation to compute the core-hole response in the X-ray edge problem and the FCS for a square wave pulse-train for the case of low transmission., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure

We investigate the effect of tuning the phonon energy on the correlation effects in models of electron-phonon interactions using DMFT. In the regime where itinerant electrons, instantaneous electron-phonon driven correlations and static distortions compete on similar energy scales, we find several interesting results including (1) A crossover from band to Mott behavior in the spectral function, leading to hybrid band/Mott features in the spectral function for phonon frequencies slightly larger than the band width. (2) Since the optical conductivity depends sensitively on the form of the spectral function, we show that such a regime should be observable through the low frequency form of the optical conductivity. (3) The resistivity has a double kondo peak arrangement, Comment: Reprint to improve access. 13 pages, 6 figures.

We describe the Riemann-Hilbert (RH) approach to computing the long-time response of a Fermi gas to a time-dependent perturbation. The approach maps the problem onto a non-commuting RH problem. The method is non-perturbative, quite general and can be used to compute the Fermi gas response in driven (out of equilibrium) as well as equilibrium systems. We illustrate the power of the method by rederiving standard results for the core-hole and open-line Greens functions for the equilibrium Fermi edge singularity (FES) problem. We then show that the case of the non-separable potential can be solved non-perturbatively with no more effort than for the separable case. We compute the corresponding results for a biased (non-equilibrium) model tunneling device, similar to those used in single photon detectors, in which a photon absorption process can significantly change the conductance of the barrier. For times much larger than the inverse bias across the device, the response of the Fermi gases in the two electrodes shows that the equilibrium Fermi edge singularity is smoothed, shifted in frequency and becomes polarity-dependent.These results have a simple interpretation in terms of known results for the equilibrium case but with (in general complex-valued) combinations of elements of the scattering matrix replacing the equilibrium phase shifts. We also consider the shot noise spectrum of a tunnel junction subject to a time-dependent bias and demonstrate that the calculation is essentially the same as for the FES problem. For the case of a periodically driven device we show that the noise spectrum for the Coherent States of Alternating Current can be easily obtained using this approach., Comment: 15 pages

We report exact results for the Fermi Edge Singularity in the absorption spectrum of an out-of-equilibrium tunnel junction. We consider two metals with chemical potential difference V separated by a tunneling barrier containing a defect, which exists in one of two states. When it is in its excited state, tunneling through the otherwise impermeable barrier is possible. We find that the lineshape not only depends on the total scattering phase shift as in the equilibrium case but also on the difference in the phase of the reflection amplitudes on the two sides of the barrier. The out-of-equilibrium spectrum extends below the original threshold as energy can be provided by the power source driving current across the barrier. Our results have a surprisingly simple interpretation in terms of known results for the equilibrium case but with (in general complex-valued) combinations of elements of the scattering matrix replacing the equilibrium phase shifts., Comment: 4 pages

Theoretical results for the gaps of fractional quantum Hall states are substantially larger than experimental values determined from the activated behaviour of charge transport. The disparity in the case of the enigmatic nu = 5/2 state is worrying as it amounts to a factor 20 to 30. We argue that disorder effects are responsible for this disparity and show how intrinsic gaps can be extracted from the measured transport gaps of particle-hole symmetric states within the same Landau level. We present new theoretical results for gaps at nu = 5/2 and 7/2, as well as at nu = 1/3, 2/5, 3/7 and 4/9, based on exact diagonalizations, taking account of the finite thickness of the two-dimensional electron layer and Landau level mixing effects. We find these to be consistent with the intrinsic gaps inferred from measured transport gaps. While earlier analyses (Du et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2944 (1993)) assumed constant broadening for each sample, our results for the disorder broadening depend on the filling fraction, and appear to scale with the charge of the elementary excitations of the corresponding fractional state. This result is consistent with quasiparticle mediated dissipative transport., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

We compute energy gaps for spin-polarized fractional quantum Hall states in the lowest Landau level at filling fractions nu=1/3, 2/5,3/7 and 4/9 using exact diagonalization of systems with up to 16 particles and extrapolation to the infinite system-size limit. The gaps calculated for a pure Coulomb interaction and ignoring finite width effects, disorder and LL mixing agree with predictions of composite fermion theory provided the logarithmic corrections to the effective mass are included. This is in contrast with previous estimates, which, as we show, overestimated the gaps at nu=2/5 and 3/7 by around 15%. We also study the reduction of the gaps as a result of the non-zero width of the 2D layer. We show that these effects are accurately accounted for using either Gaussian or z*Gaussian' (zG) trial wavefunctions, which we show are significantly better variational wavefunctions than the Fang-Howard wavefunction. For quantum well parameters typical of heterostructure samples, we find gap reductions of around 20%. The experimental gaps, after accounting heuristically for disorder,are still around 40% smaller than the computed gaps. However, for the case of tetracene layers inmetal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices we find that the measured activation gaps are close to those we compute. We discuss possible reasons why the difference between computed and measured activation gaps is larger in GaAs heterostructures than in MIS devices. Finally, we present new calculations using systems with up to 18 electrons of the gap at nu=5/2 including width corrections., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures

We investigate the applicability of Migdal--Eliashberg (ME) theory by revisiting Migdal's analysis within the dynamical mean-field theory framework. First, we compute spectral functions, the quasi-particle weight, the self energy, renormalised phonon frequency and resistivity curves of the half-filled Holstein model. We demonstrate how ME theory has a phase-transition-like instability at intermediate coupling, and how the Engelsberg--Schrieffer (ES) picture is complicated by low-energy excitations from higher order diagrams (demonstrating that ES theory is a very weak coupling approach). Through consideration of the lowest-order vertex correction, we analyse the applicability of ME theory close to this transition. We find a breakdown of the theory in the intermediate coupling adiabatic limit due to a divergence in the vertex function. The region of applicability is mapped out, and it is found that ME theory is only reliable in the weak coupling adiabatic limit, raising questions about the accuracy of recent analyses of cuprate superconductors which do not include vertex corrections., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics

We study the effect of varying the boundary condition on the spectral function of a finite 1D Hubbard chain, which we compute using direct (Lanczos) diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. By direct comparison with the two-body response functions and with the exact solution of the Bethe Ansatz equations, we can identify both spinon and holon features in the spectra. At half-filling the spectra have the well-known structure of a low energy holon band and its shadow---which span the whole Brillouin zone---and a spinon band present for momenta less than the Fermi momentum. New features related to the twisted boundary condition are cusps in the spinon band. We show that the spectral building principle, adapted to account for both the finite system size and the twisted boundary condition, describes the spectra well in terms of single spinon and holon excitations. We argue that these finite-size effects are a signature of spin-charge separation and that their study should help establish the existence and nature of spin-charge separation in finite-size systems., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

The Green's function for a hole moving in an antiferromagnet is derived analytically in the long-wavelength limit. We find that the infrared divergence is eliminated in two and higher dimensions so that the quasiparticle weight is finite. Our results also suggest that the hole motion is polaronic in nature with a bandwidth proportional to $t/J \exp [-c (t/J)^2] $ ($c$ is a constant). The connection of the long-wavelength approximation to the first-order approximation in the cumulant expansion is also clarified., Comment: 12 papes, 2 figures available upon request, revtex

We propose a measure of the stability of composite fermions (CF's) at even-denominator Landau-level filling fractions. Assuming Landau-level mixing effects are not strong, we show that the CF liquid at $\nu=2+1/2$ in the $n=1$ Landau level cannot exist and relate this to the absence of a hierarchy of incompressible states for filling fractions $2+1/3 < \nu < 2+2/3$. We find that a polarized CF liquid should exist at $\nu=2+1/4$. We also show that, for CF states, the variation with system size of the ground state energy of interacting electrons follows that for non-interacting particles in zero magnetic field. We use this to estimate the CF effective masses., Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, PSIZ-TP-9401

An approximate partition functional is derived for the infinite-dimensional Hubbard model. This functional naturally includes the exact solution of the Falicov-Kimball model as a special case, and is exact in the uncorrelated and atomic limits. It explicitly keeps spin-symmetry. For the case of the Lorentzian density of states, we find that the Luttinger theorem is satisfied at zero temperature. The susceptibility crosses over smoothly from that expected for an uncorrelated state with antiferromagnetic fluctuations at high temperature to a correlated state at low temperature via a Kondo-type anomaly at a characteristic temperature $T^\star$. We attribute this anomaly to the appearance of the Hubbard pseudo-gap. The specific heat also shows a peak near $T^\star$. The resistivity goes to zero at zero temperature, in contrast to other approximations, rises sharply around $T^\star$ and has a rough linear temperature dependence above $T^\star$., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures upon request, latex, (to appear in Phys. Rev. B)

Non-Fermi liquid behavior is found for the first time in a two-dimensional (2D) system with non-singular interactions using Haldane's bosonization scheme. The bosonized system is solved exactly by a generalized Bogoliubov transformation. The fermion momentum distribution, calculated using a generalized Mattis-Lieb technique, exhibits a non-universal power law in the vicinity of the Fermi surface for intermediate interaction strengths., Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures upon request, latex. (to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. B)