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The paper presents a panorama of Polish studies on Czech and Slovak modern cultural and social history. Referring to the current state of research, it argues particularly for developing studies on Czech and Slovak urban history, environmental history, history of emotions, microhistory, comparative and entangled history. Preoccupied with political history, Polish historians show somewhat limited interest in social history. Instead, many studies focus on the history of collective representations and ideas in historiography or mentality, especially concerning nation-building processes in Czech lands and Slovakia. That is why the “Czech question” and the national rebirth of Slovaks still engage Polish scholars. Other publications, however, go beyond that, introducing the perspective of performative and memory studies to the Polish studies on Czech history.

Introduction Worldwide, there are more lesbians who chose to have children in the context of a same-sex relationship than ever before. The Czech studies focusing on this issue, including the analysis of methods of conception, are limited. Aim We aimed to examine the changes over time in the desire of Czech lesbian women for children and to analyze their chosen methods of conception. Methods We analyzed retrospectively the personal history of lesbian patients who visited our clinic in the period from 2009 to 2017. Our sample (n = 318) was divided into 2 groups: Group A – our patients between 2009 and 2013, whereas group B comprised our patients from 2013 to 2017. Main outcome measures The outcome of this study is comparing groups A and B, regarding factors associated to parenthood, such as desire to have a child and preferences in methods of conception. Results We compared group A and group B and obtained the following results: The percentage of homosexual women who did not desire to have a child decreased (22.5% vs 15.6%). Regarding the changes in the preferences in methods of conception among group A and group B, the findings are as follows: a child from a previous relationship (31.2% vs 27.4%), clinically assisted reproduction with an anonymous donor (19.6% vs 30.1%), home intrauterine insemmination with a known donor (24.6% vs 19.2%), clinically assisted reproduction with a known donor (13.1% vs 9.6%), coitus outside the relationship for the purpose of a child conception (9.8% vs 5.5%), home intrauterine insemmination by sperm from an anonymous donor (1.6% vs 4.1%), assisted reproduction performed abroad was selected only in group B (2.7%). Conclusions We confirm that the percentage of Czech lesbians who have a child or want to have a child has increased and that several variables regarding the desire for parenthood in the Czech lesbian community are changing over time (eg, methods of conception) mostly in concordance with other Western European countries. Turcan P, Prochazka M, Prochazka P, et al. Desire for Parenthood and Associated Trends in Czech Lesbian Women. Sex Med 2020;8:650–659.

Prezentujeme náš pohled na používání exaktních metod v bohemistice a metodiku výuky češtiny s přihlédnutím k vývoji těchto metod. Přesnost je dokumentována při používání těchto výzkumných metod buď samostatně, nebo v multidisciplinárním pohledu, při používání jejich zjištění v praxi a při vzniku nové disciplíny, matematické lingvistiky a při aplikaci jejích zjištění v praxi. We present our view of employing exact methods in Czech studies and methodology of teaching Czech taking also account the development of these methods. Exactness is documented in using these research methods either on their own or in mulitidisciplinary perspective, in using their findings in practice and in emergence of the new discipline, mathematical linguistics, and applying its findings in practice.

The topic of this bachelor's thesis named Czech art and literature in writings of Angelo Maria Ripellino. Commented bibliography aims to examine the work of an important Italian writer and philologist Angelo Maria Ripellino, which relates to Czech or Czechoslovakian culture. The goal of the tesis is to present Ripellino's personality and his significance for Italian-Czech relations, to summarize his work and to compile a comprehensive summary of relevant publications, that could be used in the future for further Romanist or Bohemian research already, carried out on specific works.

The chapter explores the translation and publication history of three prominent Swedish popular female writers in Czech. Emily Flygare-Carlen, Marie Sophie Schwartz (and to some extent also Fredrika Bremer) share some genre features as well as translation, publication and reception history in the Czech lands. The chapter reveals the identity, history and motivation of their Czech publisher, it explores the Czech national and gender emancipation discourse surrounding these authors and surveys their popularity in the latter half of the 19th century and well into the 20th century.

Gierowski Piotr, Strukturalistyczna bohemistyka Profesora Jacka Balucha (1940–2019) [The Structural Bohemistics of Professor Jacek Baluch (1940–2019)]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 32. Poznań 2019, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 455–467. ISSN 1644-6763. DOI 10.14746/pt.2019.32.25. The paper describes the scientific profile of Jacek Baluch, Polish scholar and scientist in the field of Czech studies, professor of the Jagiellonian University, democratic opposition activist in the communist period in Poland, and Polish ambassador to Prague. The study emphasizes the structural aspects of Jacek Baluch’s scientific work and its meaning for the development of Polish literary knowledge in the second half of the 20th century.

The aim of this research on questions and interrogative sentences in theoretical scientific texts has been, alongside with an analysis of their function, to confirm their explicit (non)occurrence. In order to achieve the intended aim, the research was based on a textual corpus representing present-day Czech academic monological discourse, involving a strict selection of various genres and scientific contents. The corpus includes team and authorial monographs, which are thematically divided into five fields: technical sciences (1); sciences of inanimate nature (2); medical and biological sciences (3); humanities and social sciences (4); agricultural and biological-environmental sciences (5). Despite their low frequency, interrogative sentences regularly occur in theoretical discourse, mostly as ‘false’ questions, both yes/no and wh-question types. In humanities and social sciences thus in contemporary scientific discourse, questions and interrogative sentences are used to dynamise the emotional neutrality and rigidity of technical exposition, enhancing the textual interactivity, or activating the recipient. Therefore, the occurrence of explicitly formulated questions is rather sporadic and, as a stylistic or rhetorical tool, they are more frequently used employed in popular scientific style.

The article sketches activities in the field of utopian studies in the Czech Republic (with some references to the Slovak context). It begins as a brief venture into Czech utopian literature and literary criticism. Subsequently, it provides examples of research and activities carried out in other disciplines, in order to illustrate that utopia continues to preoccupy a multitude of Czech and Slovak writers, critics, filmmakers, and architects, among others.

It has become difficult to evaluate and gauge the extent of the ever-expanding Czech literary web. This article focuses on analyzing the current status of the Czech literary web and associated onli...

This literature review outlines modern language-teaching methods used in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It attempts to identify the current level of English proficiency in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. In addition, it aims to summarize modern methods of language teaching that became available with advent of information technologies. The review has three major parts. The first part examines the current level of English proficiency in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The second part describes the commonly recognized language proficiency levels established by the Council of Europe. The last part of the review introduces some of the most recent language-training methods that have become widely available due to the development of IT in the last few years. The conclusion includes recommendations about the use of IT for language training. This paper provides an overview of the subject, focusing mainly on readers who are either new to the topic or looking for a simple overview of the present situation. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Czech Republic and Slovakia have an average level of English proficiency and at least nine modern teaching methods can be used to improve an individual’s language skills.

Over the years both scientists and scholars have been interested in fear of crime because it ranks among the most important indicators of the effectiveness of the fight against crime. Although this phenomenon is widely studied abroad, there are only a handful of Czech studies that discuss it in depth. The aim of this article is to broaden the scope of research in this area. The article maps the possible causes and consequences of fear of crime in reference to the literature and the specific milieu of the Czech Republic. The author draws on a representative sample of 2836 respondents from the fifth wave of the European Social Survey. Consistent with findings in international research the data suggest that a perceived risk of victimisation is a significant factor influencing respondents' fear. Conversely, indicators of vulnerability, such as gender and satisfaction with family income or victimisation, although statistically significant, explain only a small part of the variability of the dependent variable. Rather they act vicariously right through the perceived risk of victimisation. Finally, the data suggest that fear of crime can play an important role in shaping attitudes towards different social institutions, in particular the police. A higher fear of crime correlates with/is associated with a worse assessment of police effectiveness.

This paper examines article use in Dutch by adult Czech learners. Since Dutch does have the category of articles and Czech, as the majority of Slavic languages with the exception of Bulgarian and Macedonian, does not, the acquisition of this grammatical phenomenon can be very problematic. The aim of this paper is to define the main issues involved in the article acquisition in Dutch by Czech learners. Firstly, the paper briefly refers to recent research on second language acquisition of articles based on the mentalistic and behavioristic dichotomy. Further, the article use in Dutch and the way to express similar issues in Czech are described. Some characteristics of articles, such as definiteness, specificity and grammatical gender, are discussed. Finally, an error analysis is carried out in order to determine the biggest stumbling blocks of the article use in Dutch by adult Czech learners.

This article deals with the issue of establishing and officially using the short (geographic) names Česko (in Czech) and Czechia (in English), which are one-word equivalents of the political names Česká republika and the Czech Republic. The history of naming the territory inhabited by the Czech speaking population focuses on the period of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992) and the independent Czech state since 1993. The debate about using the short names Česko and Czechia is analyzed. The article explains (1) reasons for the usefulness and practicality of using short country names in appropriate contexts; (2) correct and incorrect short names for the Czech Republic; (3) inapplicability of the long political name Česká republika / (the) Czech Republic in historical context; (4) the ongoing and present state of the dispute between the supporters and opponents of the term Czechia. K vývoji názvů českého teritoria a postojů k nim Článek pojednává o vývoji názvů pro území obývané příslušníky českého národa od r. 1918 (s krátkým exkursem do vzdálenější historie) a zaměřuje se především na krátké, zeměpisné jméno a postoje k němu, jak se odrážejí v tisku, politice, ekonomice, vědě, na sociálních sítích a v dalších oblastech veřejného života. Z tohoto hlediska je pojednáno období Československa (1918–1992) a samostatného českého státu (1993–). Je analyzována diskuse o jméně Česko a jeho anglickém ekvivalentu Czechia. V článku jsou objasněny důvody pro užívání krátkých jmen Česko a Czechia v kontextech, které ho vyžadují, a poukazuje se na neudržitelnost dvouslovných politických jmen v těchto kontextech a na příčiny a důsledky neznalosti, a tudíž neužívání anglického jména Czechia.

The aim of the articile is to represent and to analyze two of the most important elements of literary and cultural depictions of Upper Silesia in the latest Polish and Czech literature: greenness and blackness.They are two sides of the same coin, which becomes clear when we look at two candidacies for the title of European Capital of Culture from this region: Ostrava (2015) and Katowice (2016) and read the latest Silesian literature (written in Polish, Czech, and Silesian). The author uses the label of “greenness” when she discusses rural and semi-rural areas, as well as parks and gardens in the city; label of “blackeness” – when she discusses cities, industrial and postindustrial areas. “Blackness” and “greeness” also symbolize another type of Silesian discouorse, which is streatched between death, life, and afirmation.

While literary history normally avoids using political milestones to define literary epochs, we can hardly ignore that (particularly when it comes to modern Czech literature) historical events and social changes had a direct impact on the quality of literary life and its products. In the nearly one hundred years since the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state we can identify several periods, each of which tended to last for about twenty years each. Defined by changes in the political landscape, each of them likewise offered distinctly different conditions for literary undertakings, reader reception, relations between the authorities and the creative individual. This study describes the forms and functions of art as reflected in the choice of topics and formal execution, as well as in the emergence of trends, covering interwar literature (1918–1938), post-February literature (1948–1968), Normalization era literature (1969–1989) and, most recently, post-November literature (1989–present).

Within literary comparative studies, inquiries into typological connections represent a markedly high level, primarily because the principle of comparing phenomena can be applied in its full spectrum, which includes dissimilarities. An overarching central European climate becomes clearly apparent when comparing the Czech and Slovak poetry of the 1920s (e.g., Březina, Hlavacek, Hviezdoslav, Lukac, Novomeský, Smrek, Toman, Wolker). Czech movements such as Devětsil and Poetismus ran alongside the Slovaks' poetic naivete, not unlike its Czech counterparts and their socially-engaged lyrics, as this developmental relationship was fostered in large part by the union of both nations' literatures. Set against the backdrop of a wider context, including French and American poetry, as well as Russian prose, this paper traces the highly international niche established by the Czech and Slovak lyrical schools.

The paper contains a short prehistory and history of the Czech and Slovak international number theory conferences

The contribution focuses on the transformations of the field of Popular Music Studies in the Czech Republic within the transition to a post-communist historiography, both in academic and non-academic discourse. Attention is paid to the changes of the contents of the field of Popular Music Studies, specifically its conception and interpretation of popular music history, including thematic preferences and evaluative standards. In this respect, the paper will discuss the key determinants of Czech post-communist popular music historiography, especially in the form of the impact of authority figures, such as a dissident, writer, philosopher and president Vaclav Havel, who strongly influenced Czech humanities by his holistic concept of the function of art and music, based on the dialectical relation of aesthetic, noetic and ethical aspects, namely, relation of an artistic beauty, a true reflection of a specific reality and a service to a moral good.

Approaches to language teaching in institutionalised language learning settings have changed a lot over the past 50 years (Martin 2005). Yet in all these approaches there is a tendency to teach grammar rules and vocabulary units in isolation from real world examples of the target language (Mickan 2013). In recent years the possibility of self-teaching a language has improved because of the Internet. There are many language learning websites and apps, not to mention the large range of native content which can be found online in a number of different languages. Despite the leap in technology, many of these apps are still based on the grammar rule and vocabulary unit methods of language learning. Despite greater access to resources in foreign languages, in general language learning approaches have not changed much. The study presented in this chapter is a case study of a self-learner teaching herself the Czech language using a text-based approach. Czech literature is used as the vehicle for acquisition of the Czech language. Throughout the study the learner read texts, conversed with a native Czech speaker and wrote micro stories using her newly gained knowledge in the language.

The paper is aimed at presenting the development of the Czech historiography of psychology, which was strongly influenced by the political changes in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors deal with the historiography of psychology at the three universities offering an undergraduate program in psychology, located in Prague, Brno, and Olomouc, and at the Institute of Psychology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Recent research, teaching, textbooks, and journal articles published in Czech and in foreign languages are showcased. The historiography of Czech psychotherapy is mentioned as a special thematic development. Contemporary problems and perspectives in the field of the history of psychology in the Czech Republic are discussed, sources of information are given.

Stakeholder Approach and the Corporate Financial Performance The following paper aims to describe the analysis and utilization of stakeholder approach, which was used in the research of the Research Centre for Competitiveness of Czech Economy. The stakeholder model was employed in the research to explain the behavior of enterprises and to find factors of competitiveness. Here we can find assessment of stakeholders' importance and its relationship to corporate financial performance with some chosen interfering factors, which is preceding step before assessment all potential factors of competitiveness using multi dimensional analysis. Also the achieved results are related to chosen international and Czech studies.

This article concerns a Czech language minority living in the south-western Romanian region of Banat. First an overview of the situation of Banatian Czech speakers is given, both from a historical and a contemporary perspective, followed by a sociolinguistically focused description of the linguistic conditions present in this language island. Next, the article examines seven syntactic and morphosyntactic structures found in Bígr Czech, namely three word order phenomena, use of the indefinite determiner, totality quantifiers and prepositional phenomena. Using the specialized corpora, BANAT for Banatian Czech (BC) and the ORAL corpus for Common Czech (CC), the BC and CC structures are compared to reveal that some of the investigated features previously assigned as characteristic for Bígr Czech are equally present in Common Czech spoken in the Czech Republic.

The article concerns the titles of new sport disciplines in Bulgarian and Czech language, which come from English, or, in some cases, from Eastern languages (Chinese, Japanese, etc.). The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of this scientific field and the paths of its renewal. This process is determined by expanding the influence of sport activities in everyday life of our society and becoming more and more popular due to mass media and Internet.

Czech Sign Language (CzSL) is a vital means of communication used in the Czech Deaf community; it constitutes an essential communication tool for a minority population in the Czech sociolinguistic space. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the usage of CzSL in contemporary Czech society, to sketch a brief history of its formative stages and to list the challenges the Czech Deaf face nowadays. An emphasis is placed on the question of bilingualism of the CzSL users. Our special focus is on the questions of language socialization and social-cognitive development, as the early years set the stage for a Deaf child’s and the Deaf community’s subsequent advancement. Real world implications for the healthy and uncompromised development resonate throughout the discussion of the Czech education system and the place of the Deaf in it. CzSL represents an irrefutable part of the identity of the Czech Deaf population and, as such, merits a critical consideration in the context of the minority languages in the present day Czech society.

This article deals with the problem of the security of a small state, specifically the Czech Republic, one of the key states in Central Europe. The author recapitulates historical facts and events that are known mostly in the Czech environment and less so abroad. In addition, he tries to present the opinions and publications of Czech authors to demonstrate that Czech research on international relations has been interested in this problem. The author first covers the main characteristics of the Czech state in the past. It originated in the Middle Ages as a small state and ultimately became a Central European power. At the beginning of the modern period, the Czechs became part of the Habsburg Empire and lost a number of the characteristics of an independent state, including control over their foreign policy. The author then concentrates on the Czech state's security during the twentieth century. In 1918, the Czechs, together with the Slovaks, proclaimed the creation of a unified Czechoslovakia. This modern ...