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Every organization needs inventory for the smooth running of its activities. It serves as a link between production and distribution processes. The investment in inventories constitutes the most significant part of current assets/working capital in most of the undertakings. Thus, it is essential to have proper control and management of inventories. The purpose of inventory management is to ensure availability of materials in sufficient quantity as and when required and to minimize investment in inventories. So, to understand the nature of inventory management of the organization, I took this Inventory Management as a topic for my project, to give findings and suggestions by adopting and analyzing different inventory control techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working capital management is one of the key areas of financial decision-making. It is significant because, the management must see that an excessive investment in current assets should protect the company from the problems of stock-out. Current assets will also determine the liquidity position of the firm. The goal of working capital management is to manage the firm current assets and current liabilities in such a way that a satisfactory level of working capital is maintained. If the firm cannot maintain a satisfactory level of working capital, it is likely to become insolvent and may be even forced into bankruptcy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organization of the production pro- cess (cultivation) of products requires the avai- lability of appropriate resources: material, labour and financial ones. The shortage or surplus of any of them affects the final results of the enterprise’s activities. Therefore, the mana- gement task is to ensure their necessary number, optimal combination, and effective use. The management of current assets re- quires special attention, as they are more volatile. First of all, this applies to agricultural organizations due to the seasonal nature of their production. In the proposed article, this problem is considered on the example of the SRL “Rist” from Rybnita district, which has been operating in the agricultural market for more than 20 years and has more than 8 thousand hectares of arable land in use. This is a sufficient basis for analysing and identifying the main factors that have a decisive impact on the financial state of the enterprise.

The implementation of controlling is a rational necessity to ensure an effective management system in a company, so it is essential to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of tactical and strategic components. However, there is no general system of indicators reflecting the effectiveness of strategic and tactical controlling, therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop and improve a methodological approach to evaluate the effectiveness of such controlling based on the analysis of the company’s financial reports as a tool for the validity of management decisions. Based on the method of comparative analysis, the differences between tactical and strategic controlling were identified and characterized, which made it possible to specify the criteria for evaluating their effectiveness. It was found that the monitoring basis of controlling mechanisms is comprehensive and covers the entire spectrum of operational and management processes in the company. A system of indicators was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of tactical and strategic controlling. A methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of controlling components based on the analysis of the company’s financial reports is proposed. It was tested on the example of PJSC Trust Zhytlobud-1 by calculating generalizing integral indicators of the effectiveness of controlling components based on data from the company’s financial reports. Using the algorithm of the taxonomic analysis method, a matrix of observations was formed and standardized, a reference vector was constructed and integral indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the company’s tactical and strategic controlling were calculated. The application of the proposed method made it possible to reveal the problematic aspects of distribution processes in the company and in the context of managerial decision-making. This allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of the controlling system in the company and to determine the reserves for improving the effectiveness of controlling processes. The practical value of the study lies in the proposed methodological approach, which may be useful in the process of diagnosing the effectiveness of the quality of managerial decision-making in companies both in the current activity and in the long run

The study looks at the implications of account receivables management of quoted consumer goods firms’ financial performance in Nigeria. The study population is made up of the entire consumer goods firms listed in Nigeria. The total population stands at 23 consumer goods firms as at 31st December, 2022. A sample of 13 firms were arrived at by adopting a census sampling techniques by selecting only firms with complete financial information for a period of 2013 to 2022. The study employed a secondary data gathering strategy to obtain data from the annual report and accounts of selected firms. Data for the study were analysed with assistance of STATA 13 statistical software. The findings of the study reveals that average receivable turnover has negative insignificance impact on financial performance and average collection period, debt asset ratio, and current ratio have significant negative effect on return on equity. Based on its findings, the study concludes account receivables management to have negative significance effect on financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study also recommends that consumer goods firms listed should maintain low average collection period as high collection period might lead to lower financial 210 performance. This will be achieved by developing appropriate mechanism to encourage prompt payment by customers. Consumer goods firms listed should maintain an optimum debt assets ratio as too much debt might result to poor financial performance which ultimately leads to lower returns to shareholders on their capital investment in the company. Consumer goods firms listed in Nigeria should also maintain low current ratio as too much investment in current assets might lead to capital tight up on investment with lower return which might result in to poor financial performance.

The article focuses on the present-day economic situation, which is characterized by instability and high dynamism of the external environment, mainly affecting the formation and use of assets by companies. General approaches to the allocation of the essence of circulating assets have been formed. In this context, their interpretation, main groups and characteristics are considered. It is determined that the essence of current assets is expressed through the relationships between the following groups of indicators: inventories and return on assets, accounts receivable and return on assets, as well as relations between cash together with cash equivalents and return on assets. On this basis, a structural and logical scheme of the policy of managing the current assets of the company has been built. This allowed to define that the policy of management of current assets of enterprise is a multiaspectual process that concerns the main directions of the policy of formation and financing of current assets. It is substantiated that the policy of managing current assets should ensure a compromise between the risk of liquidity loss and profitability. Three strategies for financing current assets are considered. A conservative strategy for managing current assets can correspond to a moderate or conservative type of current liability management policy, but not to an aggressive one. Any type of current liability management policy can be matched by a moderate current asset management policy. An aggressive current asset management strategy can be consistent with an aggressive or moderate current liability management policy, but not a conservative one. Understanding all the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies for financing current assets allows the company to improve production capabilities, financial position, work with certain types of current assets and ensure the dynamic growth of the company in the strategic perspective.

In corporate practice, especially in the current difficult period, we encounter the problem of insolvency or even unwillingness to voluntarily fulfil payment obligations on the part of business partners. The consequence is mutual indebtedness of enterprises. Financial flows stop and the business system can collapse. Trade receivables are one of the risk assets of an enterprise. The success or failure or the future of an enterprise depends on their payment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of current assets in ensuring the normal (efficient) operation of enterprise. The objectives of the article are: studying the theoretical foundations of the assessment of current assets and searching for relevant ways to improve the efficiency of the use of current assets as factors influencing the state of the enterprise, as well as the creation for managers of numerous economic entities of an information platform for making managerial decisions on the formation and use of current assets of enterprises during the wartime. The article generalizes the likely variants for the formation of the initial value of current assets (stocks) upon receipt. Methods for assessing current assets upon disposal are considered. Indicators for assessing the efficiency of the use of current assets are systematized, including: the ratio of current assets turnover; coefficient of consolidation of current assets; the duration of one turnover of current assets; return on current assets. In special conditions (conditions of wartime), business entities are recommended to use ways to increase the efficiency of the use of current assets in the following stages: formation of current assets and their use (according to the stages of the cycle). At the stage of procurement of current assets – by improving the organization of the supply of assets; at the stage of production of current assets – applying the reuse of production waste, improving product quality, reducing the duration of the technological (production) process, reducing the cost of fuels and lubricants (FLM) and other stocks; at the stage of product sales – the introduction of sanctions or deprivation of privileges for rejection / violation of agreements / contractual conditions for the supply and payment of inventory (inventories), the formation of sources of financing of current assets (own and attracted), a rational choice of payment terms for current assets. The main instrument for managing the efficiency of current assets of modern business entities is proposed to be considered marketplaces that solve the problem of accelerating the asset turnover. The article considers the types of marketplaces, the main parameters of marketplaces: the structure of marketplaces and their functionality.

Insurance Industry got transformed after the introduction of privatization in India and soon after enactment of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act in 1999, huge number of foreign insurers arrived in India and very soon competition in this industry soared. Many private life insurance companies were set up within a very short period of time. With the increase in the number of the companies, competition between the firms also increased. Now the insurance companies need to perform better to survive in the competitive market irrespective of its size, large or small. Since then, financial analysis of insurance companies has found greater relevance and thus the Dr. Kingshuk Adhikari adhikari.au@gmail.com Dr. Kingshuk Adhikari has a long teaching and research experience and has supervised many Ph.D Scholars. He has more than 80 papers published in journals of national and international repute and has also presented more than 90 papers in seminars and conferences. Currently he is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Commerce, Assam University Silchar. Ankita Ghosh ankitaghosh9411@gmail.com Ankita Ghosh is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Commerce, Cachar College, Silchar. She has specialization in the field of Accounting and Finance. She has few papers published in UGC CARE Listed journals and has also presented few papers in national and international seminars. present paper aims at analyzing the financial performance of three life insurance companies of different sizes selected from those operating in Indian market during the period of ten financial years from 2010-2011 to 2019-2020. The study also aims at finding the significance of size of insurance companies on their financial performance. Various financial ratios relating to profitability, solvency and liquidity have been used in the study. Statistical tools, like mean, standard deviation and one way ANOVA have been used to arrive at the findings of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to study approaches to the financial analysis of current assets and the efficiency of the use of the company's working capital in a theoretical and practical aspect, substantiation of the need to form a comprehensive approach before carrying out such a financial analysis in the enterprise management system. The scientific result of the study is the formation of a comprehensive approach to the financial anal ysis of the current assets of the enterprise and its important elements, which is relevant in the modern market conditions of the operation of the enterprise and includes the analysis of its dynamics, structure, turnover, financial cycle of operating activities, the impact of changes in current assets and their turnover on liquidity of assets and financial condition of the enterprise. The practical significance of this work is aimed at the use of this approach to the financial analysis of current assets and the use of working capital as a tool in the management system of the operational activities of enterprises to ensure the efficiency of their functioning and management. The possibility of economic transformation of the operational activities of agro-industrial complex enterprises in modern conditions to ensure the preservation of domestic producers and their activities in Ukraine has been considered.

The problem of managing working capital, i.e. net working capital in trade, is very specific, challenging, current, significant and complex. In order to achieve the target financial performance, it is necessary to manage working capital as efficiently as possible. Based on that, this paper analyses the dynamics of size and the impact of net working capital on the profitability of trade in Serbia. In the period 2013 - 2021, in the trade of Serbia, the maximum amount of net working capital was achieved in 2021, the maximum percentage of net working capital from assets was achieved in 2021, the maximum percentage of net working capital from sales was achieved in 2021, and the maximum profitability was achieved in 2021. In the specific case, there is a strong correlation between profitability and net working capital of trade in Serbia. The coefficient of determination is high (Adjusted R Square .941; Sig. F Change .000). The influence of net working capital on the profitability of trade in Serbia is very significant (Sig. .000). This means, in other words, that more efficient management of net working capital can have a significant impact on the profitability of trade in Serbia. Observed dynamically, the amount of net working capital of trade in Serbia has increased recently. This had a positive impact on its liquidity, solvency, efficiency and profitability. Recently, the productivity of trade in Serbia has also increased. The factors that influenced it were: favourable economic climate, foreign retail chains, application of new business models, new concepts of management of costs, income, profit, customers, product categories, application of the concept of sustainable development and digitization of the entire business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, a study of approaches to defining the essence of the "auditing services" category in the modern theory and practice of conducting audits at enterprises was carried out, which made it possible to substantiate the need for professional auditing services, which will ensure reliable and efficient, sustainable and competitive activity for domestic industrial enterprises, which will lead to their stable and reliable longterm existence in the domestic and foreign markets, which is confirmed by the foreign practice of their application. It has been proven that such audit services, which are not related to the audit of financial statements and accounting, such as consulting and special purpose audits, require the preparation of an audit opinion in accordance with the requirements of the customer, but are directed to the examination and assessment of the effect of certain types on areas of activity of industrial enterprises, should be conducted by audit firms and auditors in accordance with ISA 800 "Auditor's opinion when performing special purpose audit tasks". A study of the foreign experience of conducting a special purpose audit - an efficiency audit and the structuring of types of such audits depending on the object has been carried out. It has been proven that the most widespread type of performance audit in the world practice of auditing activities and activities of industrial enterprises is operational audit and management audit. It has been substantiated and proven that the audit of the efficiency (special purpose) of the enterprise's activity begins with the stage of economic analysis of the object of the research - or activity and its individual types, resources or an individual type of resources, or capital or its individual type of capital, etc. And in the context of the conducted research, the audit of the effectiveness of working capital, which is invested in its current assets, with the aim of their effective use and management, begins with the stage of their economic analysis, which is formed on the basis of an integrated approach. The conducted research made it possible to test the proposed complex methodical approach to the economic analysis of current assets on the example of a food industry enterprise of the Odesa region in the system of auditing their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical definition of the financial aspect of liquidity of enterprises, to improve the classification of the types of liquidity and determine its functions. The subject of the study is to consider the problematic issues of classification of the types of liquidity, which are manifested in the object or subject in the form of a three-level hierarchical structure at the macro- and micro levels of management and the interconnections between them. The theoretical foundations of financial and economic categories of "liquidity" are presented in the works of A. Marshall, A. Montchrestien, W. Petty, A. Smith, W. Stafford and others. J Keynes and K. Marx made a significant contribution to the development of this theory. At the present stage, the works of many Ukrainian and foreign economists are devoted to consideration the enterprises' liquidity: S. Brue, S. Myers, K. McConnell, I. Fischer, M. Friedman, J. Hicks, P. Laiko, L. Lakhtionova, E. Nikbacht and A. Gropelli, A. Podderyogin, G. Savitskaya and others. However, these issues have not been sufficiently investigated in the published scientific works. Financial stability is the basis of every enterprise in a market economy. In this process, the priority is to ensure its liquidity. Many scientific works of both foreign and Ukrainian scientists are devoted to the study of various aspects of liquidity. However, so far there is no clearly defined system of theoretical conclusions on the assessment of the enterprises' liquidity. The questions about the place and role of liquidity in the financial management of the enterprise remain undisclosed or debatable, the classification of its types needs to be improved. This has a negative impact on the possibilities for efficient liquidity management. Therefore, the problem of ensuring liquidity in a market economy remains relevant.

The challenges of assets utilization are critical to the growth and performance of firms in terms of liquidity, profitability and survival. Thus, there is need to examine the effects of assets utilization on firms’ financial performance. Different variables were used as proxy for asset utilization as most previous works tested the effects of the entire fixed assets on performance, while this study separated fixed assets into tangible and intangible assets. Secondary data which were obtained from the financial statements of six Oil and Gas firms for thirteen years (2007 – 2019) were employed for the study. Descriptive statistics, panel unit root test, co-integration and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) regression estimation technique were adopted in analyzing the data. The results of the study revealed that tangible assets utilization had no effects on profitability, while the intangible assets utilisation had effects on profitability. It also revealed that current assets utilization (Inventory and Accounts Receivable) had effects on firms’ profitability. The study recommended that the amount of capital investment incurred by Oil and Gas firms on fixed asset should be considered by focusing on assets to liabilities proportion in order to avoid over-capitalisation.

The purpose of the study is to study approaches to the financial analysis of current assets and the efficiency of the use of the company's working capital in a theoretical and practical aspect, substantiation of the need to form a comprehensive approach before carrying out such a financial analysis in the enterprise management system. The scientific result of the study is the formation of a comprehensive approach to the financial analysis of the current assets of the enterprise and its important elements, which is relevant in the modern market conditions of the operation of the enterprise and includes the analysis of its dynamics, structure, turnover, financial cycle of operating activities, the impact of changes in current assets and their turnover on liquidity of assets and financial condition of the enterprise. The practical significance of this work is aimed at the use of this approach to the financial analysis of current assets and the use of working capital as a tool in the management system of the operational activities of enterprises to ensure the efficiency of their functioning and management. The possibility of economic transformation of the operational activities of agro-industrial complex enterprises in modern conditions to ensure the preservation of domestic producers and their activities in Ukraine has been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous companies have become global, establishing their operation on fluid intake as a basic human need. Over time, the technology associated with the production of soft drinks has developed dynamically, which has also caused increasing competition among the participants of the sector. However, the intensification of the competitive situation is significantly amplified by the rapidly changing and increasingly diverse consumer needs. Based on the above, examination of the industry and examination and comparison of each country's sectoral performance is essential for successful operation. There is more and more competition among the companies operating in the sector to attract and retain the attention of consumers; thus, it is essential to constantly innovate and monitor the activities of the competitors. In the current case, the aim is to compare the short-term liquidity of the Hungarian and Romanian soft drink sector in the period between 2015 and 2019. In the course of the study, the main question is which companies (of which country) performed better in terms of liquidity in the short term within the dynamically changing competitive environment.

For agro-industrial complex enterprises, it is important to have sufficient sources of funding for the main operating activities and the formation of current assets in the activity management system. Without a sufficient amount of such important elements of asset groups - parts of current assets, such as stocks, receivables and cash, the main operational activity of the enterprise is not possible. Each of these elements requires constant monitoring and analysis and must have a sufficiently high turnover rate and an objective value that contributes to the effective activity, management system and functioning of the enterprise. The article conducts a study of the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of the stages of financial analysis of current assets and their important elements, taking into account the systematicity and complexity of the approach to its implementation in order to ensure the effectiveness of the functioning and management of the activities of the agricultural industry enterprise in modern conditions. An analysis of current assets and important groups of their elements was carried out on the example of data from the financial statements of an agro-industrial complex enterprise. It has been proven that the important stages of the analysis of current assets are not only the analysis of the composition, dynamics, structure, efficiency of the use of current assets, but also the analysis of the structure and dynamics of such important elements of current assets as stocks, receivables, cash, and the analysis of relative indicators financial stability and liquidity of the company's balance sheet, which is of particular importance for the effective functioning and formation of the management system of the agribusiness enterprise. The stages of conducting a financial analysis of current assets and important groups of its elements for an agribusiness enterprise in modern conditions of its operation based on a comprehensive approach have been formed. The proposed comprehensive approach to conducting a financial analysis of the current assets of the enterprise with the removal of individual stages of its implementation, aimed at constant monitoring of changes in absolute and relative indicators characterizing the state and use of elements of current assets in the enterprise management system to ensure its effective functioning, development of activities, increase in investment attractiveness and financial stability and competitiveness and requires the application of management accounting at the enterprise and allows not only to develop an effective management policy but also to perform the above-mentioned activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mergers and acquisitions is the process of merging companies or assets through various financial transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, and management buyouts. Therefore, similar companies in an industry might be used to value a company objectively. The study takes five Indian companies: Sun Pharmaceuticals, TCS, Reliance, Infosys, and Thomas Cook. The companies have undergone mergers and acquisitions in 2014-2015. The researcher focuses on finding whether there is a change in the shareholder's wealth, liquidity position, and profitability because of the mergers and acquisitions. Various financial ratios like EPS, current ratio, quick ratio, net profit ratio, and gross profit ratio were analysed. The study only focused on the secondary data since it was the only one needed. The secondary data were obtained from the company websites and other finance-related websites like money control. With the data thus received, the study was conducted. By carrying out paired sample t-test, the various hypotheses were accepted or rejected. The paired sample t-test was done with the help of SPSS. The trend analysis of current assets and current liabilities were also carried out. The study showed that mergers and acquisitions significantly impacted at least one factor considered for the study for each company. The researcher could only conduct the study with the data available, and the unavailability of various secondary data limited the study to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current assets play an important role in the activity of enterprise, so it is necessary to ensure that they are provided with a sufficient amount of financial resources. Research of the present status and dynamics of current assets from the position of both directions of their investment and from sources of financing is important in improving existing management mechanisms. The article is aimed at an analysis of financing the current assets of industrial enterprises of Ukraine. The general components of current assets management are provided, on the basis of which the stages of further analysis are determined. The approaches of domestic scholars to the definition of concepts of «financing» and «current assets» are explored. The composition and structure of current assets are defined and their dynamics for the period 2015–2019 are analyzed. The structure of receivables is specified and the main type of receivables prevailing in industrial enterprises is defined. Calculations of the main indicators used for the analysis of current asset financing, and comparison with recommended values along with an analysis of their dynamics are performed. The importance of current capital for the successful functioning of enterprises and maintaining financial stability is substantiated. The aggregate balance of industrial enterprises for 2015–2019 is formed in order to assess the resources of financing the assets and changes in its structure are analyzed in dynamics. The structure of financing resources invested in current assets of industrial enterprises of Ukraine is calculated and analyzed. On the basis of the carried out research, the main problems of financing the current assets of industrial enterprises of Ukraine are allocated and measures to solve them are proposed. As a result, the importance of current assets in production and the need to choose appropriate resources for their financing are substantiated.

The purpose of the paper is to study the problem aspects and methods of current assets presentation in the accounting in order to make informed managerial decisions in the enterprise management. Methodology. In the process of writing this article various general scientific and specific research methods were used, in particular the dialectic method (in the study of eco-nomic phenomena and categories), the induction and deduction method (in the study of the current assets place in the accounting system), the historical, logical and comparison methods (at the stage of accounts specification of the current assets accounting), the systemic method (by the disclosure of the accounting organization processes of current assets), the observation method (in the process of study the state of current assets at the enterprise), the generalization and comparison method (at the stage of theoretical positions generalization and conclusions formation of this study). Results. It was established that current assets are a necessary component of the company property and require the development of an appropriate accounting system in order to provide timely information on the presence, movement and use of current assets of the enterprise. The organization of current assets accounting of an enterprise is complicated by the uncertainty and constant changes in the legal acts. In order to accurately present the inventory accounting of the enterprise, the accountants should timely show the economic operations on the receipt and movement of current assets in the primary accounting documents. Taking into account the direction and documentary registration of operations on the receipt and retirement of stocks, we have developed the chart of inventory behaviour at the enterprise, which clearly shows the formation of information of the accounts. The computer accounting program "BAS Accounting" is offered for use, which will allow to optimize the accounting of current assets at the enterprise in the best way. Practical implications. The practical use of the proposed offers will ensure the correct presentation of operations on the organization of current assets accounting and the prompt receipt of the necessary information by the company management. Value/originality. The results of the study are aimed at improving the quality, reliability and efficiency of current assets accounting and can be used in the work of Ukrainian enterprises. Evaluation of current methods of accounting for current assets, development and implementation of recommendations for their practical improvement will improve both accounting and, accordingly, management decisions on their effective use in the enterprise.

During the period of operation, the national accounting system in Ukraine is in the process of reform and continuous improvement. Modern conditions of Ukraine's integration into the European space necessitate the adaptation of the regulatory framework to the legislation of the European Union, and accounting in particular. For the operation of any enterprise assets are required, both non-current and current. The article examines the definition of the category of "current assets" and their classification according to national and international accounting standards, for the organization of their accounting and effective management. According to the results of the study of the essence of the category "current assets" it was found that their interpretation according to national standards corresponds to international ones, and according to the scientific approach - allowed to identify several approaches (directions) to explain their essence. The study of approaches to the classification of current assets revealed their main classification features. But, according to the authors, it is also necessary to use the classification for modern management, organization of more efficient and effective accounting, analysis, audit and management in the enterprise, risk management, liquidity, inflation protection, turnover and profitability. The classification of current assets according to international and national accounting standards by type of current assets has been systematized and their comparison by composition of elements has been carried out.

This research study examined the impact of current and non-current assets on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies of Pakistan. For this study 9 years data was collected from the annual financial statements of six pharmaceutical companies listed in Karachi Stock Exchange over a period of 2010 to 2018. The profitability was measured by ROA.Current and non-current assets were taken as independent variables. The regression analysis was used and the result showed that current assets have a significant positive impact with the return on assets while the fixed assets have a significant negative impact on profitability of pharmaceutical companies of Pakistan.

Definition: The simplest net working capital can be defined as the difference between the value of current assets and short-term liabilities together with other short-term accruals. It is equivalent to the part of the current assets financed with equity, provisions for liabilities, long-term liabilities, and the remaining part of accruals. Therefore, it is the capital that finances only that part of the current assets that are not financed with short-term liabilities. This amount is financed with fixed capital. Summing up, net working capital is the fixed capital that finances the company's current assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the zakat accounting for business as practised among zakat payers (muzakkī) in Medan city, Indonesia. Generally most of the corporate in Indonesia using working capital method in assessing zakat for business. The problems is, what accounting methods adopted by muzakkī in Medan city? This is because if the working capital method is applied, then zakat could be imposed as long as working capital is positive even if the corporate suffered a loss and vice versa. The question is, what is the accounting method practiced among muzakkī in Medan City? To obtain primary data, structured interviews were carried out among selected muzakkī who paid zakat to Badan Amil Zakat National in Medan, Indonesia. The findings showed that first; most of the business muzakkīs in Medan used the profit method for their business zakat as it is more practical. Second, there is still inconsistency in recognized income, allowable operation expenses, and current assets subject to zakat and current liabilities to be exempted from zakat for the assessment of zakat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective functioning of any enterprise in modern conditions is not possible without effective management of its capital, which is invested in its current and non-current assets. Working capital must have a sufficient turnover rate and requires constant monitoring and analysis, which contributes to its effective use and management, and requires a qualitative financial analysis. The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of financial analysis of current assets in modern conditions of operation of enterprises. The study confirmed that in the publications of scientists and practical sources there are many approaches to the selection of stages of analysis of current assets, but from the point of view of most research scientists key stages of such analysis are analysis of the composition, structure and dynamics of assets, current assets and their elements sources of financing, turnover of current assets and their elements, profitability of current assets and its factor analysis. It has been substantiated that the financial analysis of current assets should begin with the assessment of the dynamics of the main types of current assets and their liquidity, but important for the management of assets in which the working capital is invested, is the question of study, measurement, analysis of factors influencing current assets. It has been proved that a detailed analysis of important elements of current assets will allow constant monitoring of their condition, structure and dynamics, which will direct their effective management and prevent the diversion of working capital from the company's turnover and the process of normal financing of its activities. Therefore, important stages of analysis of current assets, in our opinion, are the calculation of the dynamics of the financial cycle of the enterprise and financial analysis of relative indicators that characterize the financial stability of the enterprise and its liquidity, which is especially important for efficient operation, investment and development and for the calculation of which they use either indicators of current assets and own current assets (assets), or their elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to identify trends in the formation of the structure of assets of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and the ratio of their individual groups. In preparation of work the complex methods of economic research used in this study were: monographic, critical analysis, structural and trend analysis, correlation-regression analysis, etc. The study found that in the current economic conditions, the technical potential and repair and maintenance base of the agricultural sector of Ukraine does not meet the requirements of scientifically sound needs of agricultural production. The supply of machinery to most agricultural producers in Ukraine is approaching a critically insufficient level. It is substantiated that the main agricultural machines of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine are provided only by 45-65%. The article proves that more than 90% of the technical means of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine have already served their depreciation period; their technical readiness for fieldwork does not exceed 60-70%. The article substantiates that due to malfunctions and physical wear and tear, a quarter of tractors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of business activity of LLC «Elan-95» for 2007-2015 is carried out. Efficiency of usage of current assets of the organization is analyzed. The analysis of indicators of business and market activity of LLC «Elan-95» is carried out. By results of the analysis conclusions and practical recommendations about improvement of efficiency of usage of means of the organization are carried out.

The main trends in the formation of the financial condition of enterprises in the agricultural industry of Ukraine for the period of 2012–2017 are investigated. In order to identify the current trends in the formation of financial condition, the structure of assets and liabilities of enterprises is presented, highlighting the specific features of the formation of enterprises' resources and the sources of their formation. The dynamics of the coefficients of financial stability and solvency of enterprises in the industry is studied. The analysis led to the following conclusions: the structure of the assets and sources of their formation has negative trends, the dependence on external funds increases, the level of solvency decreases, the share of non-current assets decreases, the value of worn fixed assets grows that negatively affects the efficiency level of production and financial activities of agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the importance of conducting timely operational and comprehensive analysis of enterprises in the industry with the aim of developing the appropriate management solutions to prevent crisis phenomena in economic and financial activities is increasing.

By estimating a stochastic frontier production function that links labor and capital variables in 410 agricultural companies, the behavior of the agricultural productive efficiency in Colombia was evaluated, as well as its effects by geographic location and business size. Results showed that the factors that contribute most to the production function are related to the labor force, business liquidity and intangible assets, aspects that provide competitive advantages for medium and large companies; therefore, we suggest to improve the political-private strategy of business management with incentives for associativity, economic financing, access to R+D+i and transfer, directed to small agricultural companies.

Relevant in modern conditions for the effective functioning of enterprises is to determine the areas of management of its current assets, which have a large share in the total assets and the lack of own sources of funding, which negatively affects the financial condition of the enterprise. Effective management of the object of activity of any enterprise begins with a qualitative economic analysis, which forms its directions, the choice of tools and methods in connection with the identified negative and positive trends on the basis of the existing system of indicators, and analysis of the state, structure, dynamics, efficiency of current assets of the enterprise and its elements is not possible without such a management tool as the financial analysis. A methodical approach to the financial analysis of current assets of the enterprise has been proposed, which includes not only the analysis of the state, structure, dynamics, efficiency of current assets of the enterprise as a whole, but also the analysis of the state, structure, efficiency of use of current assets inventories,(including productive stocks, work in progress, finished goods), receivables, cash and current financial investments, as well as the duration of the financial cycle of the enterprise and the ratio of receivables and payables. It has been substantiated that the management of current assets of the enterprise is not possible without such management tools as financial analysis, management accounting and special purpose audit, which, in our opinion, are based on the classic management functions - analysis, accounting and control, and are not possible without effective planning and such a partial management function as monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By estimating a stochastic frontier production function that links labor and capital variables in 410 agricultural companies, the behavior of the agricultural productive efficiency in Colombia was evaluated, as well as its effects by geographic location and business size. Results showed that the factors that contribute most to the production function are related to the labor force, business liquidity and intangible assets, aspects that provide competitive advantages for medium and large companies; therefore, we suggest to improve the political-private strategy of business management with incentives for associativity, economic financing, access to R+D+i and transfer, directed to small agricultural companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous companies have become global, establishing their operation on fluid intake as a basic human need. Over time, the technology associated with the production of soft drinks has developed dynamically, which has also caused increasing competition among the participants of the sector. However, the intensification of the competitive situation is significantly amplified by the rapidly changing and increasingly diverse consumer needs. Based on the above, examination of the industry and examination and comparison of each country's sectoral performance is essential for successful operation. There is more and more competition among the companies operating in the sector to attract and retain the attention of consumers; thus, it is essential to constantly innovate and monitor the activities of the competitors. In the current case, the aim is to compare the short-term liquidity of the Hungarian and Romanian soft drink sector in the period between 2015 and 2019. In the course of the study, the main question is which companies (of which country) performed better in terms of liquidity in the short term within the dynamically changing competitive environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of knowing the financial indicators of companies in the field of meat processing, is to know their evolution and compare them with those of previous financial years, which gives the company management the opportunity to make economic and financial analysis that will have an impact on decision making. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these indicators from the annual financial statements from the period before accessing the non-reimbursable funds, but also from the monitoring period of these companies. At MATRA SRL the net asset had a constant increase in this analysis period, in 2015 it had the value of RON 9,453,864 and in 2019 it reaches the highest value of RON 11,810,270. At TELDOTRANS SRL the net asset had an increase throughout the analysis period, in 2015 it had the lowest value of 709,135 RON and had a constant increase until 2018, where it reached the value of 2,407,842 RON, after this year the value of this index increased considerably, reaching in 2019 the highest value of RON 6,303,358. At AVICARVIL SRL the net asset had a considerable increase in this analysis period, in 2015 it had the value of 58,319,684 RON, in 2016 it had the value of 61,953,476 RON, and in 2019 it reached the highest value of 86,630,011 RON, which highlights that the financial situation at the enterprise level is very good, being the consequence of reinvesting part of the net profit, but also due to accessing non-reimbursable funds in 2016 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]