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Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la circunferencia de cuello y variables antropométricas; comparar dicha circunferencia con valores de percentiles propuestos en 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico en una muestra de 392 escolares entre 6 y 12 años residentes de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México. Se realizaron correlaciones de Pearson; y se contrastaron los datos de circunferencia de cuello de 331 niños, con los percentiles de referencia de un estudio realizado en el centro México. Resultados: Se encontró que el 44.64% tenían normopeso,14.29% bajo peso, 22.19% sobrepeso y 18.88% obesidad. La media de circunferencia de cuello fue de 27.36±2.80 en niñas y 28.44±2.78 en niños. En el subanálisis, la circunferencia de cuello fue mayor en niños vs niñas (28.04±2.62 vs 26.89±2.54). El 21.91% de las niñas y el 20.92% de los niños están por arriba del percentil 97 de referencia, y en el percentil 25 está el 19.66% de las niñas y el 18.15% de los niños. No se detectaron niñas en los percentiles 3, 85, 95 y 97; y en los niños en los percentiles 3 y 97. La circunferencia de cuello se correlacionó con todas las medidas antropométricas (circunferencia de cadera, peso, circunferencia cintura, IMC, ICT, y talla). Conclusiones: la circunferencia de cuello se relaciona con el IMC, por lo tanto, podría ser un indicador secundario de sobrepeso u obesidad.

Introduction: recent studies have suggested the use of neck circumference as a parameter capable of identifying risks of cardiometabolic complications and the accumulation of truncal fat caused by both antiretroviral therapy and the lifestyle of people with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and anthropometric indicators and to assess cardiometabolic risk and truncal obesity through proposed cut-off points. Methods: cross-sectional study including 233 people with HIV. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The anthropometric evaluation included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI) measurements; waist (wC), neck (NC), arm and arm muscle circumferences; triceps and subscapular skinfolds and their sum. ROC curves were constructed to determine the accuracy of NC in predicting cardiometabolic risk in people living with HIV. Results: the sample was 57.5 % male, with a mean age of 38.4 years (95 %CI: 37.2-39.7 years). NC showed a positive and significant correlation with all anthropometric variables analyzed (p < 0.05), and a higher correlation strength with wC and BMI. The NC cut-off point selected as a predictor of risk of cardiac metabolic complications and truncal obesity in women was ≥ 32.4 cm, considering both WC and BMI. For men, the NC cut-off points were different when considering WC (≥ 39.6 cm) and BMI (≥ 38.1 cm) as a reference. It is worth noting that NC performed well in ROC curve analysis for men, while in women it was a poor performance. Conclusion: NC proved to be a promising indicator in the assessment of nutrition and health of people living with HIV, especially in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to systematic genetic review of the literature on the cresty neck in Spanish Purebred horses. An exhaustive literature review was carried out using databases PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Publons (https://publons.com/), SciELO: Scientific Electronic Library Online (https://scielo.org/) and Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/). The search was carried out on October 21, 2020. The results of the systematic genetic review of the literature on cresty neck in Spanish Purebred horses identified 633 potential articles in the aforementioned databases, of these a total of 49 articles discuss 8 potentially genetic defects in the Spanish Purebred horse and a total of 15 articles specifically related to cresty neck in Spanish Purebred horses, few disorders were specifically linked to conformation or phenotype. The genetic bases of fat metabolism are associated with cresty neck, in Spanish Purebred horses where obesity and equine metabolic syndrome is a polygenic trait with specific risk alleles of the race. Reports in the literature indicate a high incidence, with a moderate heritability. Morphological and pathological studies describe this defect as a pathological condition given the degree of fat infiltration associated with lipomatosis in the muscles of the dorsal region of the neck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Benign neck masses are one of the most common causes of clinical consultation in head & neck (H&N) clinics. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) have become among the main strategies for the diagnostic work-up of palpable and non-palpable neck lumps. Moreover, numerous studies have established the safety, high diagnostic yield, and added value of image-guided H&N biopsies, which play an important role in diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning, and can obviate the need for surgery for many patients. Nonetheless, despite the success of both techniques, there is a lack of recent studies regarding their safety and associated complication rates., Material & Method: A retrospective analysis was performed of prospective data on patients undergoing ultrasound-guided FNAC or CNB for benign H&N disease (e.g., salivary gland benign tumors, branchial cleft cyst, thyroglossal duct, cyst, lipoma, or neurinoma) between June 2016 and June 2021 in a tertiary university hospital., Results: Overall, 192 patients were included (105 [54.7%] men and 87 [45.3%] women). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that our data were normally distributed (p = 0.452). The mean age of enrolled patients was 54 ± 10 (range: 18-87). The anatomical site most commonly affected was a major salivary gland (74%). Regarding incidence and type of complications, nine (4.7%) patients experienced complications, infection being the most common problem. The risk of complications was highest in patients with branchial cleft cysts who had undergone FNAC (p = 0.028). Overall, the risk of complications was not associated with the type of technique (p =  0.603; OR: 0.942; 95% confidence interval = 0.245-3.624)., Conclusion: According to our results, FNAC and CNB are generally safe and reliable procedures in the diagnostic work-up of H&N lumps. Nevertheless, physicians should be aware of certain risks associated with these procedures., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Background and objective. The evolution of surgical techniques for facial and neck rejuvenation has been significant over the last years. The choice of technique must be personalized according to the patient's anatomical details and specificities to provide individual and personalized results. This work aims to expose our systematic preoperative evaluation of the patients that will be submitted to a face and neck surgical rejuvenation and our decision-making diagram. Methods. We present our preoperative evaluation checklist (subdivided into 9 steps) to recognize the individual anatomical variants and deformities. Using the physical exam and ultrasound evaluation of the face and neck we predict some variables that can make surgery more predictable and standardized. To do so we apply our 7 steps of pre-operative Decision Making Diagram of Face and Neck Rejuvenation Surgery. Results. Fifty-nine patients were submitted to face and neck lift between January 2019 and June 2021 using deep plane cervico-facial techniques according to our decision-making diagram. We demonstrate 2 clinical cases. Conclusions. In this paper, we explain why different surgical techniques should be offered to different patients considering their individual needs. Using this checklist and decision-making diagram the surgeon will be able to make individualized decisions before surgery, such as SMAS flap lift vector direction, the type of the platysma treatment or the need for deep platysmal structures approach and treatment. This work aims to reduce the likelihood of obtaining less satisfactory results by decreasing surgical errors and making the surgery faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several studies have shown beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma. However, there are very few studies investigating the effectiveness of PRP in the neck region. We aimed to assess the efficacy of PRP injection for neck rejuvenation in females aged 40-55. Fifty-two female consecutive participants had PRP injected and roller applied in three sessions at 3-week intervals. Evaluations were blindly performed by comparing the improvements from the pre- to post-application assessments of anatomical measurements of the neck area based on before and after photography of the participants by two anatomists and three medical aesthetic doctors. The Fitzpatrick Skin Scale, Fitzpatrick Goldman Scale, Wrinkle Assessment Scale (Dedo classification system) and patient satisfaction scale were used for assessment. Additionally, skin stiffness and elasticity, cervicomental angle and jawline angle measurements were performed to analyze anatomical changes in the neck area. The study enrolled 52 volunteers with a mean age of 48.60±5.35 years, mean body weight of 63.21±8.43 kg and mean height of 163.25±4.56 cm. Significant differences were found in the elasticity, jawline angle, cervicomental angle, wrinkling, elasticity G and patient satisfaction scores before and after the treatment. When the results of anatomical parameters and scales are compared, it was revealed that PRP is effective in neck rejuvenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. El trauma penetrante de cuello representa un evento desafortunado de baja incidencia y alta complejidad diagnóstica y terapéutica, lo que supone un reto para el cirujano general. Caso clínico. Paciente femenina de 20 años de edad, quien sufrió una herida cervical por proyectil de arma de fuego, desarrollando de forma secundaria una lesión aerodigestiva. Se realizó un tratamiento expectante en un hospital de alta complejidad, con una evolución favorable. Discusión. En la literatura existe un claro debate en cuanto al manejo de las lesiones penetrantes en cuello y la sospecha de lesión orgánica oculta. En nuestro paciente la lesión aerodigestiva fue tratada mediante observación y seguimiento clínico. Conclusiones. El manejo de un paciente con lesión aerodigestiva se puede corroborar mediante las imágenes diagnósticas y se puede tratar de forma expectante con un resultado exitoso, sin agregar morbilidad y con un impacto adecuado en el buen uso de los recursos disponibles.

Introducción. El trauma cervical penetrante es una entidad poco frecuente, con tendencia al alza, de considerable morbimortalidad. Es fundamental conocer su manejo por cirujanos en entrenamiento, quienes en su mayoría son comúnmente los proveedores del tratamiento en las áreas de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la experiencia de un centro de trauma en México en el tratamiento de trauma cervical penetrante administrado por cirujanos en entrenamiento. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma cervical penetrante sometidos a exploración cervical entre los años 2014 y 2019. Se identificaron 110 expedientes, se excluyeron 26 por falta de datos indispensables para la investigación y se analizaron los datos de 84 pacientes. Resultados. El 96,4 % de los pacientes fueron hombres, la mayoría entre 16 y 50 años (83,3 %) y la zona anatómica II fue la más comúnmente lesionada (65,4 %). Las etiologías más frecuentes fueron heridas por arma cortopunzante (67,9 %) y heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego (25 %). El 95 % de los procedimientos fueron realizados por residentes de cuarto y quinto año. La mediana de días de estancia hospitalaria fue de 2 días. La incidencia de complicaciones fue de 9,5 % y la mortalidad de 1,2 %. Conclusiones. Los cirujanos generales en etapa de formación entrenados en centros de trauma tienen la capacidad de tratar de forma óptima el trauma cervical penetrante sin modificación de las tasas de morbimortalidad descritas en la literatura internacional.

Las fracturas de cuello femoral son un cuadro habitual para el cirujano traumatológico y cuando se elige realizar una osteosíntesis, son muchos los factores por considerar para conseguir un buen resultado y evitar las complicaciones. En este artículo de actualización, intentamos dar 10 claves para el éxito cuando se opta por la reducción y la osteosíntesis como método terapéutico.

Cranial nerve injury is one of the neurologic complications following carotid endarterectomy. The hypoglossal nerve is one of the most frequently injured nerves during carotid endarterectomy. Guidelines suggest that proper anatomic knowledge is crucial to avoid cranial nerve injury. The aim of the present study is to provide landmarks for the localization of the hypoglossal nerve during carotid endarterectomy. 33 anterior cervical triangles of formalin-fixed adult cadavers were dissected. The “carotid axis” was defined and measured, the level of the carotid bifurcation within the carotid axis was registered. “High carotid bifurcation” was considered for those carotid bifurcation found in the upper 25 mm of the carotid axis. The distance between the hypoglossal nerve and the carotid bifurcation was measured (length 1). The relationship between the hypoglossal nerve and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle was registered. For caudal positions, the distance between hypoglossal nerve and posterior belly of the digastric muscle was determined (length 2). Carotid axis range 88.3 mm-155.4 mm, average 125.8 mm. Level of the carotid bifurcation within the carotid axis range 75.3 mm-126.5 mm, mean 102.5 mm. High carotid bifurcation was found in 19 cases (57 %). Length 1 ranged from 1.6 mm to 38.1, mean 17.5. Finally, in 29 specimens (87.8 %) the hypoglossal nerve was caudal to posterior belly of the digastric muscle, whereas in 4 cases (12.2 %) it was posterior. Length 2 ranged from 1 mm to 17.0 mm, mean 6.9 mm. Distances between the hypoglossal nerve and nearby structures were determined. These findings may aid the surgeon in identifying the hypoglossal nerve during carotid endarterectomy and thus prevent its injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentado en sesión de 14 de octubre de 1953

Presentado en sesión de 24 de noviembre de 1948

Presentado en sesión de 1o. de Octubre de 1947

Presentado en sesión de 10 de setiembre de 1937

Se analizan las heridas iatrogénicas de cuello producidas durante maniobras instrumentales de diagnóstico y/o tratamiento excluyendo las producidas durante intervenciones quirúgicas.

Introducción: la citología cérvico-vaginal es una prueba de tamizaje para detectar las Neoplasias Intra-Cervicales (NIC), que ha disminuido la incidencia y la mortalidad por Cáncer de Cuello Uterino (CCU). El diagnóstico del NIC es más frecuente entre los 20 y 30 años y el de CCU tiene una mayor frecuencia entre los 30 y 40 años. Desde 1983 a 1991 la tasa de mortalidad por CCU en Colombia fue de 6,5/100.000 habitantes y el 50% de estos casos murieron por diagnóstico tardío. Aunque se divulga que la infección por el papilomavirus es la causa necesaria, no es suficiente para el desarrollo del CCU. Objetivo: determinar una relación entre Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) y el desarrollo de NIC y CCU. Materiales y métodos: se revisaron 11.992 citologías vaginales en el período de un año, y a las VPH positivas por patología se les realizó biopsia de cérvix. Resultados: hay mayor probabilidad de adquirir VPH entre los 30 y 39 años, que se reduce en menores de 19 y mayores de 50 años. Con la sola presencia del virus la probabilidad de desarrollar NIC-I es de 5.8%, la de desarrollar NICII-III es de 0.29% y la de desarrollar CCU es de 0.08%. Conclusiones: se encontraron 9 casos de CCU en 735 citologías con VPH diagnosticadas por patología, que corresponde al 1.2%; y una probabilidad del 0.08% para el desarrollo del cáncer, teniendo en cuenta solo la presencia del VPH. Este resultado sugiere que se necesitan otros factores para el desarrollo del cáncer

Patients attending the emergency department (ED) with cervical inflammatory/infectious symptoms or presenting masses that may involve the aerodigestive tract or vascular structures require a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck. Its radiological interpretation is hampered by the anatomical complexity and pathophysiological interrelationship between the different component systems in a relatively small area. Recent studies propose a systematic evaluation of the cervical structures, using a 7-item checklist, to correctly identify the pathology and detect incidental findings that may interfere with patient management. As a conclusion, the aim of this paper is to review CT findings in non-traumatic pathology of the neck in the ED, highlighting the importance of a systematic approach in its interpretation and synthesis of a structured, complete, and concise radiological report., (Copyright © 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to estimate the depreciation of a Spanish Purebred horse with the deformation of the cresty neck. Were studied a population of 500 Spanish Purebred horses classified in 4 ages: Foals (6 months-4 years), in dressage 4-8 years, adults 8-12 years and mature (12-20 years), belonging to 65 Owners, 10 breeding centers Spanish Purebred horse and a slaughterhouse in Andalucia and Extremadura, Spain. The estimation of the depreciation for 1 year was detected once cresty neck, separately by 3 age groups: horses in dressage 4-8 years, adult horses 8-12 years and mature horses (12-20 Years), using three methods, the straight-line method, the balance reduction method (5%) and the sum-of-the-digits method of the years. In relation to the depreciation of the horse of Spanish Pure Breed with deformation of the cresty neck, estimated for a year, is quite high and proportional to the cost of the horse. In conclusion the depreciation of the Spanish Purebred horse with the deformation of the cresty neck can be presented on average from 6 years of age (approximately 4-8 years), the depreciation calculated by the three straight line methods, Reduction of the balance to 5% and sum of the digits was similar, only presented variation by the age group 4-8 years 95%, 8-12 years 99% and 12-20 years 98% depreciation respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentado en sesión de 8 de marzo de 1950

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los cambios morfológicos, histológicos e inmunohistoquimicos de biopsias de músculo de equinos con deformación del borde dorsal del cuello. Fueron estudiados 150 caballos de las razas: Pura Raza Española (84/150), Hispano Árabe (33/150), Lusitano (19/150), Cruzados (14/150), entre 5-15 años, todos con deformación del borde dorsal del cuello (DBDC), en las Comunidades Autónomas de Andalucía y Extremadura, España. A cada equino se le realizó un examen clínico, morfológico, se realizó la técnica de biopsia de la región dorsal del cuello. Los fragmentos de tejido fueron procesados por los métodos histológicos convencionales y fueron clasificadas por los patrones de reconocimiento histológico, se empleó el anticuerpo Desmina para el estudio inmunohistoquimico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico ANOVA y adicionalmente un análisis de covarianza de las variables estudiadas. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian DBDC en todos los equinos estudiados, con predominio del grado de deformidad del borde dorsal del cuello de 3 (67%), grado de deformidad 4 (25%) y grado de deformidad del cuello 5 (8%). El anticuerpo Desmina fue negativo para los grados de deformidad del cuello 3, 4 y 5 (Desmina Negativo---). Los resultados estadísticos muestran una correlación negativa entre el grado de deformidad y las medidas morfométricas de la biopsia (-0,71), así como en el resto de las variables estudiadas. En conclusión, los cambios morfológicos observados fueron procesos metabólicos degenerativos asociados a infiltración grasa, estos cambios se observaron en la miofibrilla muscular, caracterizada por aumento del espacio intercelular, pérdida del citoesqueleto celular y perdida de las bandas Z, asociada a la infiltración grasa (lipomatosis), en los equinos estudiados.

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. El nervio laríngeo recurrente (NLR), originado en el nervio vago, se encuentra relacionado con diferentes estructuras a nivel del tórax y del cuello, además de estar inmerso en diversos procesos nosológicos y quirúrgicos que pueden resultar en alteraciones funcionales; alteraciones que van desde la disfonía y la afonía hasta la muerte por obstrucción de la vía aérea. Estas complicaciones, específicamente las quirúrgicas, pueden cursar con secuelas permanentes del 0.3% al 3% de los casos y transitorias del 3% al 8%. Objetivo. Analizar el origen, el trayecto, los ramos y las relaciones anatómicas del nervio laríngeo recurrente en una muestra de 58 plastrones cervicocardiopulmonares y digestivos de población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo analítico transversal con disección de 58 plastrones cervicocardiotorácicos seleccionados por muestreo a conveniencia. Resultados. Se determinó que el 100% de los plastrones disecados cuentan con un sitio de llegada usual; de igual modo, la descripción de la relación entre el NLR y la arteria tiroidea inferior (ATI) arrojó que la disposición más frecuente, tanto del NLR derecho como izquierdo, fue posterior a la ATI. Asimismo, se reportó el primer caso en Colombia y el décimo en el mundo del triángulo del nervio laríngeo recurrente (TNLR). Conclusiones. La disposición del NLR derecho e izquierdo es frecuentemente posterior a la ATI; de igual forma, es importante tener en cuenta la existencia del TNLR durante los abordajes quirúrgicos, especialmente en tiroidectomías.

The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of the cresty neck in donkeys in Andalucia and Extremadura, Spain. Each of the donkeys was clinically examined by detailed inspection and palpation. A morphological study was carried out following the adiposity protocol for the assessment of the dorsal border of the neck described. The degree of deformation of the neck, neck diameter, neck length, weight, athletic activity, geographical location and type of feeding, type of management, and facilities were analyzed. A total of 853 donkeys were studied, the deformation of the dorsal border of the neck showed a higher incidence in Andalucia donkeys of 70%, in the Miniature race 14%, in Zamorano-Leonesa 9% and finally in the Catalan breed 7%. Regarding sex, 65% were male and 35% female. The level of correlation between the degree of deformity and the management system was positive of 0.18, also for the deformation of the neck and the height of the 0.0835 trough. The deformation of the dorsal cresty neck (crest or cresty neck), presented an incidence of 40%, with a higher number of observations in donkeys of 70% Andaluza breed, in a Miniature breed 14%, in Zamorano-Leonesa 9 % And finally in the Catalan race 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Complutense de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The right nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is a rare occurrence generally associated with an aberrant right subclavian artery. Its prevalence ranges from 0.3 to 1.8%. It is found mainly in thyroid surgeries, the most frequently performed cervical surgeries. This neural anomaly is almost never diagnosed preoperatively. Dysphagia may be a warning symptom, sometimes being incorrectly related to esophageal compression due to a goiter or thyroid cancer. The postoperative diagnosis of an accompanying aberrant right subclavian artery should be done to confirm the clinical picture and inform the patient of any possible future medical/surgical procedures. The aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of the NRILN in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy in two reference centers for head and neck surgery in Paraguay. Prospective cross-sectional study in a series of 100 consecutive total thyroidectomies in the INCAN and the ORL Service in the Hospital Central of the IPS. 100 patients underwent a total thyroidectomy, 90 of whom were women. The average age was 47 years. 6% also underwent a neck dissection for thyroid cancer. The preoperative diagnosis was multinodular goiter (MNG) in 84 cases and thyroid cancer in the remaining 16 (16%). In one man aged 47 years (1%) operated on for MNG and presenting slight to solid dysphagia, there was difficulty finding the right NRILN. It was located at the level of the lower edge of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and its downward anomalous course was proven. Postoperatively, after confirmation of the diagnosis that the thyroid pathology was benign, a color echo-Doppler and a CT angiography corroborated the diagnosis of an associated aberrant right subclavian artery. Given the difficulty in locating the recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery, it is advisable to consider the possibility that it may be nonrecurrent and should be looked for at the level of its entrance to the larynx below the inferior constrictor. In such cases it is recommended that the patient be examined postoperatively to rule out an associated vascular anomaly. A tomography study of each patient with a thyroid pathology and dysphagia could contribute to the diagnosis of the vascular anomaly and maximize precautions in the nerve dissection, including use of a neurostimulator. The NRILN is a rare entity. In this case study, it represents 1% of the patients operated on for thyroid pathology in the INCAN and IPS in a 1-year period (July 2016 - June 2017). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are currently several medical specialties; this creates confusion about the fi eld of action of each of them. The work of an otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon is wrongly limited to diseases of the ears, nose, and throat. Objective: To examine the perception that general practitioners, medical specialists and the general population have of the diseases that a certain specialist solves. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study in which a survey was applied to general practitioners, residents and to the general population of the Hospital Español de México. Results: A total of 146 surveys was obtained. All the respondents-except general surgery residents-, 106 (72.6%), consider otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons experts only in functional nasal and aesthetic surgery. Conclusions: The opinions obtained from the surveyed population differ greatly from each other and evidently show that, in general, there is no clear knowledge of the fi eld of action of our specialty, which results in a delay in effective medical care and patient protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Castleman´s disease is a rare, benign condition of lymphoid tissue. There are two clinical types: unicentric and multicentric with three histological variants, hyaline-vascular, plasma celular and mixed. The most common sites of this are mediastinum, adbomen and neck. Magnetic resonance imaging is well suited to depict the characteristics of the masses and their relationship to adjacent structures. The knowledge of this disease and its inclusión in the differential diagnosis from other neck masses will contribute to the therapeutic approach. Clinical case: A 21 years old female patient with a left neck mass characterized by magnetic resonance as solid, heterogeneous, vascularized lesión, predominantly isointensa on T1-weighted images an high signal on T2-weighted images and fat sat that demonstrate moderate enhancement after contraste material administration located in posterior space of the neck with extensión at thoracic outlet displacing structures of carotid, anterior cervical and viceral spaces. She underwent complete surgical resectión of the mass with histopathological diagnosis of hyaline-vascular type of Castleman´s disease. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance is well suited to depict characteristic and the extent of mass in the neck contributing to narrow the differential diagnosis. Imaging findings, especially of magnetic resonance are very important to choose the treatment of Castleman´s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is a social and health problem of great importance, not only for its high incidence in our community, but also because its control involves a high cost, both for the patient and for society. The prognostic factors that adversely affect the outcome are divided into four groups: patient factors, tumor factors, treatment factors and institution factors. There is no single determining prognostic factor; the combination of several of them allows the identification of risk. These factors predict the evolution and allow deciding the ideal therapeutic sequence individually.

Documentamos una anomalía del músculo digástrico anterior en un cadáver femenino de 85 años de edad. La anomalía consiste en cuatro vientres adicionales que salen entre los dos típicos digástricos anterior. Analizamos el significado embriológico y clínico de esta variante. El músculo digástrico es derivado de dos arcos branquiales o arcos faríngeos. El primer arco branquial forma el vientre anterior y el segundo forma el vientre posterior. Actuando juntos, los vientres ayudan a impulsar hacia abajo la mandíbula y a estabilizar el hioides. Varias anormalidades en el vientre anterior del digástrico han sido previamente descriptas en la literatura, pero ninguna ha replicado la formación precisa descripta aquí. We document a novel anomaly of the anterior digastrics of an 85 year old female cadaver, consisting of four additional muscle bellies existing between the two typical anterior digastrics and go on to explain the embryologic and clinical significance of the variant. The digastric muscle is derived from two pharyngeal arches, the first pharyngeal arch forming the anterior belly and the second forming the posterior belly. Acting together, both bellies help to depress the mandible and stabilize the hyoid. Several abnormalities in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle have previously been described in the literature, but none have replicated the precise formation described here.