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Background: Aging covers genetic, biological and psychological characteristics, as well as those that relate to the environment in which the person is inserted, such as the social, political, economic and cultural ones. Objective: Estimate the association between functional capacity (FC) and socioeconomic status (SES) of the elderly. Method: Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. We analyzed subjects between 60 and 79 years old of both sexes (n=467). The FC was estimated through the SF-36 questionnaire, ordered in quartiles (Q1=worst and Q4=best) and dichotomized. The association between FC and SES was estimated by the Kruskal-Wallis test and by multiple logistic regression. Results: The median of FC was 70 (interquartile range -- IQR=40-85). There was greater difficulty for vigorous activities (42.8%); climbing several flights of stairs (29.3%); bending, kneeling, or stooping (35.6%); and walking several blocks (30.4%). A statistically significant association was observed between FC and worse SES (Q1=32.0% vs. Q4=22.5%), male gender (Q1=27.0% vs. Q4=61.5%), sedentary lifestyle (Q1=40.5% vs. Q4=14.9%), muscle strength (Q1=24.6 kg/f vs. Q4=32.6 kg/f) and physical performance (Q1=12s vs. Q4= 9s). The adjusted logistic regression indicated an association between the worst FC and the average SES (odds ratio -- OR=2.6; 95% confidence interval -- 95%CI 1.1-6.2), the worst SES (OR=2.2; 95%CI 0.9-5.4), female gender (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.1-5.1), being insufficiently active (OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.0-2.6) and having the worst physical performance (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.3-1.6). Conclusion: Low FC is associated with medium/worse SES in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the relationship between intimate partner characteristics and the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence against women. It is a descriptive study conducted in a regular-risk maternity hospital in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Partner characteristics were collected through a semistructured questionnaire, and violence was measured by the World Health Organization - Violence Against Woman instrument. Intimate partner characteristics were associated with violence, such as not being the father of the newborn, young adults, having alcoholic and smoking habits, using illicit drugs, and being jealous and controlling. Thus, identifying the intimate partner profile during gynecological and prenatal consultations constitutes an important tool for screening possible risk factors for violence against women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have attempted to identify coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, few have explored the association between lifestyle-related factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The present study was designed to assess the association between a combination of lifestyle, dietary, cardiometabolic, psychological, and mental factors, and CAD severity in adults undergoing angiography. METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to recruit a total of 700 patients (aged 35 to 75 years) who met the inclusion criteria and were referred for angiography between July 2020 and November 2021 to Afshar Hospital, a central heart disease hospital in Yazd city, Iran. To assess the presence and intensity of CAD, we used the Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Biochemical factors were measured using standard kits from serum samples, and extra serum and whole blood samples were retained for further analyses. Data on general information, dietary food and supplement intake, eating habits, medicinal herbs consumption, psychological and mental state, sleep quality, and other variables were gathered by trained interviewers using specific questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 720 participants (444 males and 276 females) aged 56.57±9.78 years were included in the current study. Moderate to severe coronary artery stenosis was prevalent in 47.0% and 17.9% of participants based on Gensini and SYNTAX scores, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the association between different risk factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Syphilis in pregnant women is a public health problem associated with several unfavorable outcomes when not treated properly, such as low birth weight, fetal death and abortion. Thus, the aim of this study was to trace the profile of pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis in the city of São Luís, MA. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out based on open data made available by the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). All cases of syphilis in pregnant women reported between the years 2012 and 2021 in the city of São Luís, MA, were evaluated, considering the following variables: age group, race, education, and clinical classification. A total of 2,776 syphilis cases were identified, with prevalence among brown women (84.14%), aged between 20 and 39 years (76%) and with complete high school education (41%). It is important to point out the low presence of infection among illiterate pregnant women (0.18%). Regarding clinical classification, most cases were identified in the primary stage of infection (50%). Therefore, our data allow us to know the characteristics of pregnant women affected by the infection, which serves as a basis for the construction of more assertive health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Spontaneous miscarriage (SM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. Its psychological repercussions are widely documented but few studies have investigated its effect on women’s experience of a subsequent pregnancy. Aim: To evaluate the impact of prior SM on the level of stress experienced by pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Design and setting: Cross-sectional, observational study, which was conducted between June and October 2021 in France. Method: A self-report questionnaire was distributed to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Stress was assessed using the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory to yield an overall score and a score for three dimensions ('medical and obstetric risks or fetal health'; 'psychosocial changes during pregnancy'; and the ‘prospect of childbirth'). Women with a history of prior SM and those without were compared. Results: In total, 93 women were included; 63 without and 30 with a history of prior SM. Prior SM was not associated with the overall score. The score for the dimension 'medical and obstetric risks or fetal health' was significantly higher in women with prior SM (3.00±0.86 versus 2.34±0.80; β = 0.61 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.25 to 0.96]; P = 0.001). Prior SM was significantly associated with the items 'the baby’s health' (P = 0.048) and 'the echography' (P = 0.002). Conclusion: This study shows a significant impact of prior SM on the level of stress of pregnant women during the first trimester, particularly relating to the medical and obstetric risks or fetal health, underlining the need for appropriate psychological support to be provided to women who experience SM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether the weight adjusted-waist index(WWI) is associated with the prevalence of asthma and age when first asthma onset appears in US adults. Methods: For analysis we selected participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database between 2001 and 2018. A dose-response curve was calculated using logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and a dose-response curve. Results: The study included 44480 people over the age of 20,including 6061 reported with asthma, and the increase in asthma prevalence was 15% associated with each unit increase in the WWI, after adjusting for all confounders(odds ratio (OR)=1.15,95% CI:1.11,1.20). The sensitivity analysis was performed by trichotomizing the WWI, and compared to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile WWI group displayed a 29% increase in asthma prevalence(OR=1.29,95% CI:1.19,1.40). A nonlinear correlation was found between the WWI index and the risk of asthma onset, with a threshold saturation effect indicating an inflection point of 10.53 (log-likelihood ratio test, P<0.05), as well as a positive linear correlation with age at first asthma onset. Conclusions: A higher WWI index was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma and an older age of first asthma onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among high school students from a federal educational institution in Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a census of students (n=510) enrolled in IFRS, campus Rio Grande, in the second half of 2019. Data were collected through a selfadministered questionnaire. Suicide risk was measured with the instrument Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. Results: The prevalence of high suicide risk was 17.3% (95% confidence interval — 95%CI 14.0–20.0), with the following independent associated factors: female gender, higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, less social support, attempt to lose weight, self-harm behavior, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: One in six students showed a high suicide risk. The identification of factors associated with the outcome is useful for detecting the most severe cases and referring them to specialized care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Evaluation of the dietary fat consumption in athletes following vegan diets is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the intakes, availability, and uptake of physiologically relevant fatty acids into whole blood, and consequently the Omega-3 Index (O3I) of endurance athletes following vegan and omnivorous dietary patterns. Materials: Males aged 18 to 55 years, engaging in four hours of training/week and following a vegan (>6months) or omnivorous dietary pattern were eligible to participate. A 7-day food and training diary was collected and an incremental ramp running protocol used to determine peak aerobic capacity. A finger prick blood sample was collected to determine the whole blood fatty acid profile and O3I. Participants were grouped as following a vegan or omnivorous diet matched for age, training volume and peak aerobic capacity. Results: The vegan group (n=12) consumed significantly less dietary total fat (122.2 g/day vs 84.1 g/day p=0.007), saturated fat (43.74 g/day vs 18.42 g/day p<0.0001), monounsaturated fat (49.6 g/day vs 35.64 g/day p=0.039) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) compared to the omnivorous group (n=8). Between group differences in whole blood fatty acid concentrations were observed including; linoleic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, n-6:n-3 and AA:EPA ratios. O3I in both groups were suboptimal (vegan: 4.13%, omnivorous: 5.40%) in terms of cardiac risk. Conclusion: Male endurance athletes should ensure their dietary LC n-3 PUFA intakes, particularly EPA and DHA fatty acids are sufficient to optimize their O3I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Opioid therapy is a common treatment for chronic pain, despite accumulating evidence regarding harm and a lack of data to support the efficacy of long-term treatment. The prevalence of opioid therapy in Swedish patients with chronic non-cancer pain is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess a short-term period prevalence of prescribed opioid-use and long-term opioid therapy in a population with complex chronic non-cancer pain. Methods: The study population comprised 1,613 patients with chronic non-cancer pain referred to a university-based tertiary pain clinic in Sweden during 2015–17. Data from a 360-day period prior to consultation were extracted from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP) and Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR). Milligram morphine equivalents per day (MME/day) for dispensed opioids were analysed for a 90-day period preceding consultation, and long-term opioid therapy was determined for the entire 360-day period. Results: The 90-day prevalence was 38% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 36.0–40.8%) and 360-day prevalence was 22.3% (n=360, 95% CI 20.4–24.4%). Conclusion: Prescribing rates of opioids in a Swedish population with complex non-cancer chronic pain were high; 2 in 5 patients were dispensed an opioid within a 90-day period prior to consultation. LAY ABSTRACT Opioid therapy is a common treatment for chronic pain, despite accumulating evidence regarding harm and a lack of data to support the efficacy of long-term treatment. The use of opioid treatments in Swedish patients with chronic non-cancer pain is unknown. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the frequency of opioid use in a population with complex chronic non-cancer pain. The study population comprised 1,613 patients referred to a Swedish specialized pain rehabilitation unit during 2015–17. Data for 1 year prior to assessment were extracted from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation and Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Milligram morphine equivalents per day for dispensed opioids were analysed for short-term prevalence and long-term opioid therapy. In conclusion, the prescribing rates of opioids in a Swedish population with complex non-cancer chronic pain were high; 2 in 5 patients were dispensed an opioid within a 90-day period prior to consultation.

Objective To investigate the status of post - traumatic growth of viral encephalitis patients and screen the influencing factors. Methods A total of 110 viral encephalitis patients who were diagnosed and treated in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2017 to July 2019 were investigated. A cross-sectional survey were adopted, including general data questionnaire, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Family Concern Index Questionnaire (APGAR) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between PTGI score and age, APGAR score or CD - RISC score, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of post-traumatic growth in patients with viral encephalitis. Results A total of 110 questionnaires were sent out and 105 were effectively received, with an effective recovery rate of 95.45%. The mean total PTGI score was 57.76 ± 15.23, and the score of dimensions of interpersonal relationship, life perception, personal strength, spiritual change and new possibilities was 16.92 ± 3.49, 12.44 ± 3.20, 11.91 ±3.50, 8.82 ± 3.48 and 7.67 ± 3.49, respectively. The partial correlation analysis showed that the total PTGI score was positively correlated with APGAR score (r = 0.331, P = 0.001) and CD-RISC score (r = 0.286, P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher APGAR score (OR = 1.260, 95%CI: 1.051-1.511; P = 0.013) and higher CD-RISC score (OR = 1.093, 95%CI: 1.035-1.153; P = 0.001) could positively affect post- traumatic growth, while complications (OR = 0.029, 95%CI: 0.003 -0.320; P = 0.004) was the opposite. Conclusions The status of post-traumatic growth of viral encephalitis patients is in the lower level. For patients with complications the psychological intervention should be strengthened. At the same time, family care and personality strength have additional effects on post - traumatic growth. We should take targeted measures to encourage such patients to establish better post-traumatic psychological regulation mechanism, and to accelerate the post-traumatic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tumors of the maxillomandibular complex are a heterogeneous group of lesions with a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological characteristics. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumors associated with maxillary bones in a Reference Center for Oral Lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the medical records of a Reference Center for Oral Lesions at the State University of Feira de Santana, from 2006 to 2018. The data was initially analyzed in a descriptive manner. For bivariate analysis, Pearson's chi-square test was applied. The level of significance was set at 5%, where p≤ 0.05 is considered significant. Results: The prevalence of tumors was 2.27%. The average age of the individuals was 22.2 (± 15.1) years, the majority being up to 39 years (79.59%) and female (69.40%). A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to age (p = 0.00), as well as regarding the location of tumors in the anterior or posterior region (p = 0.02). Odontogenic tumors were benign, with odontoma being most frequent (46.90%), followed by ameloblastoma (16.30%). As for the non-odontogenic, neurofibroma (4.10%) and osteoma (4.10%) were the most common across the benign, while osteosarcoma accounted for 6.10% of cases. Conclusion: Odontogenic tumors were the most frequent in women, with age up to 39 years, odontoma being most common in the posterior region of the mandible. Among nonodontogenic tumors, central neurofibroma and osteoma were the most common. Osteosarcoma was more frequent in men over 40 years old and in the mandible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the cognition of COVID-19 among different population in Henan province.Methods: With the Social Questionnaire for COVID-19(SQC), a self-made questionnaire, the cognition of the COVID-19 epidemic in Henan residents was investigated by online survey. Totally 13 541 valid questionnaires were obtained.Results: The proportion of the subjects who had a clear understanding of COVID-19’s general characteristics, incubation period, main symptoms, route of transmission, and the differences with a common influenza were 95.4%, 93.0%, 93.9%, 93.7% and 75.6%, respectively.The proportion with a clear understanding of the status of the epidemic and research progress were 94.2% and 69.5%, respectively.The proportion of subjects who judged COVID-19 to be highly infectious, low fatality rate and high cure rate were 82.2%, 23.0% and 32.1%, respectively.In Henan province, 59.9%, 84.4% and 84.2% of residents knew how to wear masks, wash hands properly and avoid gatherings with relatives and friends, 96.2% of the subjects wore masks outside.Conclusion: It suggests that the general cognition of COVID-19 among Henan Residents is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this two-part study was to determine the prevalence and severity of the burnout syndrome among South African anaesthetists working in the public and private sectors, and to identify areas of work-life (AWLs) that predispose to burnout. We reported our burnout findings in Part 1.1 In this paper (Part 2) we report on the AWLs. Methods: Invitations were e-mailed to 1 852 SASA members, requesting responses to a validated questionnaire, the Areas of Worklife Survey (Mindgarden Inc. Menlo Park, USA). The questionnaire results in scores for six AWLs that impact on the development of the burnout syndrome, namely workload, control, reward, community, fairness and values. Results: 189 public sector and 309 private sector anaesthetists responded. 85% of public sector respondents worked in academic hospitals. The values AWL could not be properly assessed due to respondents' misinterpretations regarding that particular item. Compared to private sector, public sector anaesthetists had lower (i.e. more adverse) median scores for five AWLs. Greater proportions of public sector anaesthetists had low scores for the five AWLs. Correspondingly, smaller proportions of public sector anaesthetists had high (i.e. favourable) scores for workload, control, reward, and fairness. Multivariable least squares regression analysis identified the following significant explanatory variables for the following burnout dimensions: For emotional exhaustion these were workload, reward, community and control. For cynicism they were workload, reward, control, gender and years of experience. Predictors for efficacy were reward, community, control and years of experience. Logistic regression analysis included workload, reward and control AWL as explanatory variables for a clinical diagnosis of burnout with workload the dominant variable. Conclusions: Public sector anaesthetists experience more adverse AWLs than those in private practice. The most important factor appears to be excessive workload. Additionally, the reward, community and control AWLs are important determinants of anaesthetists' psychological relationships with their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops in response to chronic job-related stressors. Its three predominant manifestations are emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of ineffectiveness and unfulfillment (low efficacy). Our study objectives were to establish the prevalence and severity of burnout among South African anaesthetists and to compare the results with previous studies. We also identified areas of work-life that predispose to burnout and we report these results in a separate paper (Part 2).1 Methods: We e-mailed invitations to 1 852 SASA members, requesting responses to two validated questionnaires, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Areas of Worklife Scale. We categorised respondents according to the "Emotional Exhaustion+1" principle, whereby a person is regarded as being clinically burned-out if he/she has a a high score for emotional exhaustion, plus either a high cynicism score or a low efficacy score. High scores for all three dimensions defined "extreme burnout". Results: 189 public sector and 309 private sector anaesthetists responded. 85% of public sector respondents worked in academic hospitals. Compared to those in private practice, public sector anaesthetists exhibited a greater prevalence and severity of burnout. This was manifested by: (1) more adverse scores for all three burnout dimensions; (2) a greater prevalence of clinically diagnosable burnout (36.5% vs. 14.2%) as well as "extreme burnout" (17.5% vs. 6.5%). Public sector anaesthetists experienced more burnout than in other countries. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout is unacceptably high among South African anaesthesia providers, particularly in public hospitals. This poses an immediate threat to both anaesthetists' mental and physical health and to patient safety. The severity and prevalence in teaching institutions jeopardises the current effectiveness and future sustainability of the South African healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease which is caused by mycobacterium and in most cases by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest radiography is one of the most basic diagnostic tools in the initial evaluation of the patient for further evaluation and progression of the disease. Hence, this study was performed to investigate the effect of grade smear on the involvement of different lung zones in chest radiography of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis referred to the Zabol tuberculosis center. METHODS A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis referred to the Zabol tuberculosis center in 2020, except patients with immunodeficiency - hepatitis and diabetes. Patients with smear grading who did not have chest radiography were excluded. RESULTS The frequency of women in patients with grade 1, 2 and 3 were 73.3%, 50% and 70.6%, respectively, and the frequency of men in grade 1, 2 and 3 were 25.7%, 50% and 29.4%, respectively. There was a significant difference between these two groups. Gender did not show significant difference in terms of smear grade (p=0.192). The frequency of right or left lung involvement or both lungs in patients with grade 1, 2 and 3 was not statistically significant (p=0.306). CONCLUSIONS It seems that there is no relationship between the smear grade and the involvement of different zones in the graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the occurrence of late diagnosis of infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and its associated factors. Method: this is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out with 369 people followed-up by Specialized Assistance Services, undergoing anti-retroviral treatment, and interviewed by means of a questionnaire. Univariate analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and Kruskall-Wallis test, and multivariate analysis using the ordinal logistic regression model of proportional odds. Results: the occurrence of 59.1% for late diagnosis of the infection was observed; the probability of later diagnosis is greater among people who have a steady partnership, when compared to those who do not; with increasing age, particularly above 35 years old; among those with lower schooling; for those who seek the health services to have an HIV test when they feel sick; and for those who test HIV less often or never do it after sex without a condom with a steady partner. Conclusion: the knowledge on the high proportion of late diagnosis and its associated factors verified in this study make the planning and implementation of new policies and strategies aimed at the timely diagnosis of the infection imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study evaluated medication counseling procedures and trends at retail pharmacies in the Houston metropolitan area through a naturalistic observational study. Methods: A blinded cross-sectional observational study was conducted at retail pharmacies in the Houston metropolitan area. Data were collected by trained observers utilizing an observational log, to record various parameters that could have an impact on the duration of patient-pharmacist interaction in a naturalistic pharmacy practice setting. Additionally, indicators of counseling such as utilization of the counseling window and performance of show-and-tell were recorded. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlations, ANOVAs, and multiple linear regressions. Results: One hundred and sixty-five interactions between patients and pharmacy staff were recorded at 45 retail pharmacies from 7 retail pharmacy chains. The counseling window was utilized in only 3 (1.81%) out of 165 observations and the show-and-tell process was observed in just 1(0.61%) interaction during this study. Mean (SD) interaction time between patient and pharmacists [159.50 (84.50)] was not statistically different (p>0.05) from the mean interaction time between patients and pharmacy technicians [139.30 (74.19)], irrespective of type of the retail chain observed. However, it was influenced by the number of patients waiting in queue. Patient wait time significantly differed by the time of the day the interaction was observed, weekends and weekdays had significantly different wait times and patient interaction times Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that, patient interaction time, pharmacy chain type, initial contact (pharmacist/technician), and time of the day, were significantly associated with patient wait time whereas patient wait time, pharmacy chain type, number of patients in queue, and number of pharmacy technician were significantly associated with interaction time. Conclusions: Our study found that the key indicators of counseling including the use of the counseling window and the show-and-tell process were absent, suggesting lack of adequate pharmacists counseling. Further studies are needed to evaluate the validity of this conclusion and the role of pharmacy services and its value towards medication use and safety [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand has a relatively high incidence of human cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), with 8.9 STEC cases per 100,000 people reported in 2016. Previous research showed living near cattle and contact with cattle feces as significant risk factors for STEC infections in humans in New Zealand, but infection was not linked to food-associated factors. During the 2014 spring calving season, a random, stratified, cross-sectional study of dairy farms (n 102) in six regions across New Zealand assessed the prevalence of the "Top 7" STEC bacteria (serogroups O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) in young calves (n 1,508), using a culture-independent diagnostic test (PCR/MALDI-TOF). Twenty percent (306/1,508) of calves on 75% (76/102) of dairy farms were positive for at least one of the "Top 7" STEC bacteria. STEC carriage by calves was associated with environmental factors, increased calf age, region, and increased number of calves in a shared calf pen. The intraclass correlation coefficient (p) indicated strong clustering of "Top 7" STEC-positive calves for O157, O26, and O45 serogroups within the same pens and farms, indicating that if one calf was positive, others in the same environment were likely to be positive as well. This finding was further evaluated with whole-genome sequencing, which indicated that a single E. coli O26 clonal strain could be found in calves in the same pen or farm, but different strains existed on different farms. This study provides evidence that would be useful for designing onfarm interventions to reduce direct and indirect human exposure to STEC bacteria. IMPORTANCE Cattle are asymptomatic carriers of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) bacteria that can cause bloody diarrhea and kidney failure in humans if ingested. New Zealand has relatively high numbers of STEC cases, and contact with cattle feces and living near cattle are risk factors for human infection. This study assessed the national prevalence of STEC in young dairy cattle by randomly selecting 102 farms throughout New Zealand. The study used a molecular laboratory method that has relatively high sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional methods. "Top 7" STEC was found in 20% of calves on 75% of the farms studied, indicating widespread prevalence across the country. By examining the risk factors associated with calf carriage, potential interventions that could decrease the prevalence of "Top 7" STEC bacteria at the farm level were identified, which could benefit both public health and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: to verify the prevalence and the factors associated to the Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) in nursing undergraduate students of a public University in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional study, developed in December 2014, with 149 nursing students. A self-administered questionnaire was used with sociodemographic, academic and health questions and the Brazilian version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire - 20. For the analysis, the descriptive and analytical statistics were used in the Predictive Analytics Software (PASW Statistics®). Results: Female students, aged between 21 and 30, who were single and on the fourth semester of the graduation course were predominant. The MPD prevalence was 54.4%. Among the assessed factors, having the medical diagnosis for some pathology was significant for MPD. Conclusion: the elevated prevalence of MPD, stresses the necessity of attending and planning prevention strategies for the psychological distress in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An increase in excess body fat and a decrease in the number of hours of sleep per day are health problems affecting the paediatric population. Objective: To estimate the combined prevalence of overweight and insufficient sleep/day in adolescents, and the association with sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with 1,132 participants from 14 to 19 years old in São José, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body fat was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and classified by the Z-score, while adolescents reported the total hours of sleep/day. Sociodemographic data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour were collected by self-filled questionnaire. Results: The simultaneous prevalence of overweight and insufficient sleep/day was 17.5%. The factors associated with this condition were to meet the recommendations of the practice of physical activity per week, participate in gym class twice/week and period greater/equal to four hours/day in front of the screen. Conclusion: Guidelines in the school environment in relation to health problems posed by weight excess and the amount of insufficient hours sleep can be present when recommendations on physical activity and sedentary behaviour are given to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Workplace bullying and sexual harassment are concerns among general surgery residents in Colombia., Objetive: To explore the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying and sexual harassment incidents among general surgery residents in Colombia., Materials and Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2020. Residents selfrated their exposure to workplace bullying and to sexual harassment in the forms of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. We analyzed demographic variables, perpetrator’s characteristics, and differences between victims and non-victims., Results: The study included 302 residents. It found that 49% of general surgery residents in Colombia suffered from workplace bullying and 14.9% experienced sexual harassment. The main forms of sexual harassment were gender harassment (47%) and unwanted sexual attention (47%). Women reported significantly higher rates of being sexually harassed. Surgeons were the main perpetrators of sexual harassment., Conclusions: Workplace bullying and sexual harassment are frequent events in general surgery residency in Colombia. These findings suggest the need for interventions to improve the educational culture of surgical departments and decrease the prevalence of these behaviors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of pharmacists practicing in Palestine of issues related to using psychotropic medications in older people. Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional observational design using a questionnaire. A total of 400 pharmacists responded to a 19-statement knowledge test related to the use of psychotropic medications in older people. The study was conducted from July 2016 to February 2017. The reliability and internal consistency of the study tool was assessed using the test-retest method and the Cronbach alpha. Categorical groups were compared using the chi-square test and the Spearman rank correlation. Results: On the 19-statement knowledge test, the median score was 55.3% with an interquartile range of 21.9%. In a comparison of the demographic and practice-related variables of the pharmacists who scored ≥ 50% on the 19-statement knowledge test with those who scored < 50%, age, gender, and having taken a course on psychotropic medications were found to be significantly associated with performance, as shown by the chi-square test and Spearman correlation. Conclusion: Pharmacists practicing in Palestine possess less than optimal knowledge of issues related to the use of psychotropic medications in older people. Continuing educational interventions and/or training might be helpful in improving pharmacists’ knowledge of issues related to using psychotropic medications in older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) culture for distinction between aseptic and bacterial meningitis can be difficult and long-term, and other diagnostic methods are under studying. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value for the levels of Interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8 of CSF in the children and adolescent with meningitis. Methods: Fifty-one patient with meningitis between one month and 18 year included in a Cross-Sectional Studies in the Rasul Hospital, Tehran, from 2012 to 2014. All of samples underwent aspiration of CSF. The routine tests performed that include culture; coloring and biochemical of CSF. The concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) method and all of data were analyzed. Results: Frequency of bacterial and aseptic meningitis was equal (49%). 64.7% of samples were boys and gender had not different between two bacterial and aseptic group (P=0.7). Mean (±SD) of the age in total was 358.46±858.40, and bacterial group had a higher mean of age than aseptic group (P=0.047). The level of IL-1 was 10.87±37.04 pg/ml in bacterial and 0.55±1.64 pg/ml in aseptic group, that had not different (P=0.168). The level of IL-6 was 90.51±139.3 pg/ml in bacterial and 21.36±67.84 pg/ml in aseptic group, that had significant different (P=0.030). The level of IL-8 was 365.40±765.52 pg/ml in bacterial and 50.66±59.34 pg/ml in aseptic group, that had significant different (P=0.047). Diagnostic value of IL-1 was noted in the 80.77% of bacterial and 68.00% of aseptic group that had not different (P=0.349). Diagnostic value of IL-6 was noted in the 53.85% of bacterial and 64.00% of aseptic group that had not different (P=0.572). Diagnostic value of IL-8 was noted in the 80.77% of bacterial and 28.00% of aseptic group that had significant different (P=0.000). There was not different between two group of CSF variables include coloring degree, WBC and RBC index, glucose and protein. Conclusion: Although the concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 was higher in bacterial meningitis than in aseptic patients, only IL-8 had suitable diagnostic value for distinction between different types of meningitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyses the mythology of Francisco de Quevedo from a corpus of bibliophile works of the XX-XXIth centuries, books that involved artists such as Manuel Alcorlo, Salvador Dalí, Luis Garcia Ochoa, Manuel Menán, José Luis Cuevas, etc. The article tries to define the contemporary reception we got from the myths of Quevedo (poetry and prose) and it uses the concept of «myth» according to an «essentialist» and «existentialist» as a methodological tool. The author understands the Quevedo's myths as «logos» (graphic narrative) and as «myths» (iconographic representation). This research also demonstrates the permanence of Quevedo's myths in our contemporary arts, through a cross-sectional study of Quevedo's rhetorical images and graphic images of the xx-xxi centuries in Europe and Latin America [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study sought to estimate the presence of cats and dogs in households in the urban area of the city and assess responsible guardianship and associated factors. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using the multi-stage sampling process and the census sectors of the demographic census of the year 2010 carried out by IBGE were used as conglomerates. The unit under study was the household. The outcome was responsible guardianship, defined by a score that took into account the following variables: sterilization, anti-rabies vaccination, veterinary medical consultation, control of endoparasites, access of animals to public areas, control of ectoparasites and the collection of feces of animals in public areas. Of the 1,558 households investigated, 58.9% had pets (cat or dog). The study reveals that the score of responsible guardianship increases with the education level of the head of the household and is highest among apartment dwellers. The majority of the households investigated met only half of the criteria. The results of this study point to the need for public policies that instruct the population on responsible guardianship, and that offer immunizations and sterilization services for animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This is the first cross-sectional study that aims to examine associations between beliefs about medication and non-adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, taking potential psychological confounders into account. Methods: Eligible patients (diagnosed with RA for ≥1 year or ≥18 years, using greater than or equal to one disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) were included by their rheumatologist during regular outpatient visits between September 2009 and September 2010. Included patients received questionnaires. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire was used to measure the perceived need to take medication (necessity beliefs), the concerns about taking medication (concern beliefs), general medication beliefs, and attitudes toward taking medication. Medication non-adherence (no/yes) was measured using the Compliance Questionnaire Rheumatology (CQR). Associations between beliefs and non-adherence, and the influence of demographical, clinical, and psychological factors (symptoms of anxiety/depression, illness cognitions, self-efficacy) were assessed using logistic regression. Results: A total of 580 of the 820 eligible patients willing to participate were included in the analyses (68% female, mean age 63 years, 30% non-adherent to their medication). Weaker necessity beliefs (OR [odds ratio]: 0.8, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.8-0.9) and an unfavorable balance between necessity and concern beliefs (OR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.9-1.0) were associated with CQR non-adherence. Also, having an indifferent attitude toward medication (no/yes) was associated with CQR non-adherence (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.1-25.8), but the prevalence of patients with an indifferent attitude toward medication was low. The associations were barely confounded by demographical, clinical, and psychological factors. Conclusion: Increasing necessity beliefs about medication in clinical practice might be worthwhile in improving medication adherence in RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to estimate the correlation between homophobia and racism among medical students in Bucaramanga, Colombia. It was done a cross-sectional study that included students over 18 years-old. The attitude toward homosexual people (homophobia or sexual prejudice) was measured with the Homophobia Scale (HS); and attitude toward Afro-Colombians (racism or race discrimination), with a Spanish version of Modern Racism Scale (MRS). Authors computed the association homophobia and racism using Pearson (r) and Spearman (rs) coefficients. A group of 334 students accepted to participate. Mean age was 20.1 years (SD=1.9); 59.0 % were women. Cronbach alpha was 0.78 for HS; and 0.62 for MRS. HS scores were between 7 and 34 (Mean=17.8, SD=5.4); and MRS scores between 0 and 34 (Mean=13.8; SD=5.2). Coefficient r was 0.35 (p<0.001), and coefficient rs, 0.34 (p<0.001). As conclusion, there is a positive correlation between these ways of prejudice (homophobia and racism) among Colombian medical students. Intervention is needed to reduce prejudices in medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Public Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to compare self-reported measures of diabetes care with measures derived from medical records in a well-defined population. Diabetes measures were collected through a 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey of American Indians living on or near 7 Montana reservations (N = 398) and were compared with data collected from charts of a systematic sample of American Indians with diabetes seen in 1997 at Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities. Survey respondents were more likely to report a duration of diabetes >10 years (44 vs 31%), annual dilated retinal exam (75 vs 59o), and an influenza immunization in the past year (73 vs 57%) compared with estimates from the chart audit. Estimates of pneumococcal immunization (88 vs 42%), annual cholesterol screening (86 vs 69o), and overweight, based on body mass index (67 vs 50%), were significantly higher from the chart audit. No significant differences were found between the survey respondents and the chart audit data for annual foot exams (65 vs 61%), annual blood pressure checks (98 vs 93%), high cholesterol (35 vs 41%), and high blood pressure (54 vs 64%). These findings suggest that self-reported data may over and underestimate specific measures of diabetes care. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Due to the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments adopted preventive measures, such as social distancing and obligatory social immobilization, which negatively affected access to health services, including oral health services. Similarly, dental care restraint arose in this context, with the aim of reducing the possibility of cross-infection caused by aerosols, which notably restricted dental care activity., Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timing of dental care in Peruvian children., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a population of 42,115 respondents for 2019 and 20,510 for 2020 was conducted. The participants were children aged 0-11 years. The records of those who responded to the question on the time since their last dental care were considered, extracting a total of 22,166 (69.03%) subjects for 2019 and 9,945 (30.97%) subjects for 2020. The dependent variable consisted of the time since the last dental care measured in years; the variables of health, geographic and sociodemographic characteristics were grouped within 3 dimensions. Descriptive bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied by means of multiple linear regression in order to analyze the variables., Results: The time since the last dental care during 2019 was 5.25 ±4.30 years, and it increased to 6.64 ±4.90 years in 2020. Within the multivariate analysis, the dimensions and their variables were ordered hierarchically for 2019 and 2020 separately, and as a whole. Each model was not significant when observed independently (p > 0.05); however, when evaluated as a whole, validity was observed only in model 1 of the year (p = 0.018), with R2 = 2.90, a constant equal to 3.852, the non-standardized regression coefficient (β) of 1.653, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.289-3.018., Conclusions: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic year had a negative impact on the timing of dental care in Peruvian children, increasing it by 1.39 years as compared to 2019.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a model of acceptance of the Mother and Child Health Information System in the Ngawi Regency Health Office, Indonesia based on the technology acceptance model, by integrating organizational support and personal characteristics as external variables and enjoyment as an intervening variable., Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The subjects of this study were 217 village midwives who had operated the Maternal and Child Health Information System in the Ngawi Regency Health Office, Indonesia. The variables studied were perceived organizational support, personal characteristics, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, behavioral intention, and actual system use. Data were collected through questionnaires, and then analyzed using structural equation modeling., Results: In terms of the total effect, the most meaningful factor affecting actual system use was perceived organizational support (0.766), followed in descending order by behavioral intention to use (0.344), perceived enjoyment (0.238), personal characteristics (0.118), perceived usefulness (0.054), and perceived ease of use (0.048)., Conclusions: In the acceptance model of the Mother and Child Health Information System in Ngawi Regency, perceived organizational support was the main determinant of actual system use, while enjoyment was the main intermediate determinant of the indirect effects of perceived organizational support and personal characteristics on actual system use.