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Objective: The current study compared self-reported sleep in undergraduate students in Austria and the United States. Methods: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index responses from 292 Austrian university students (237 females) and 313 U.S. university students (189 females) were analyzed. In addition to the standard scoring procedure for the scale and the individual components of the scale, the data were also evaluated as separate sleep quality and sleep quantity factors using ANOVAs. Sleep timing (bedtime, wake-time, and midpoint) was also examined using independent t -tests. Results: Austrian students reported better sleep quality and quantity than the U.S. students. In addition, Austrian students had more sleep disturbances and took longer to fall asleep but slept longer and used less sleep medication than U.S. students. Austrian students also went to bed earlier and woke up later than U.S. students. Conclusions: The current results indicate that sleep in undergraduate students varies across countries. A major difference between the two groups of students was the university setting with the Austrian students living in a large urban area and the U.S. students living in a rural college town, suggesting that the environment could impact student sleep and sleep choices. Finally, the current data indicate that examining sleep quality as a separate factor from sleep quantity provides additional information about sleep in college students. Better documenting sleep and sleep habits in college students across different countries can address important differences that universities and societies can use to help improve sleep and wellbeing in their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's normative knowledge develops early. While prior studies focus on rule compliance and violation, only limited research explores children's views on rule changes, especially in non-Western cultures. This study investigates how Chinese children aged 4–7 (N = 154) reason about rule changes, and compares their responses with US counterparts in the work of Zhao and Kushnir. Chinese children considered both "who" created the rules and "what" consequences the rule changes may bring about when judging changeability. For game rules, like US children, Chinese children considered both individual authority (including adult and peer authority) and collective agreement when judging who can change game rules. Compared to US children, Chinese children more often believe that the adult rule-maker's child could also change the rule. Furthermore, although both Chinese and US children thought one could not change moral rules, Chinese children were less likely than US children to think one could change conventional rules. Exploratory analyses of children's justifications suggest that Chinese children emphasize consequences more than US children when judging whether rules can be changed. This study offers valuable insights into the development of normative reasoning and cultural influences on children's views on rule malleability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's interconnected world, cross-cultural competence is essential for students' success. This article investigates how educational interventions foster this crucial skill. Using a mixed-meta research method, the study combines a meta-analysis of 16 quantitative studies (12,800 participants) with a meta-thematic analysis of 7 qualitative studies. The meta-analysis examines the impact of cross-cultural competence on academic achievement, considering variables like class size, intervention duration, and student levels. The qualitative analysis identifies themes of competence effectiveness, sensitivity, and awareness. Together, these findings highlight the positive impact of targeted interventions on enhancing students' cross-cultural competence, offering valuable insights for educators aiming to prepare students for a globalized society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between aesthetics and morality has been long debated. The current study manipulated perceived artist morality to systematically explore its influence on aesthetic judgments of paintings. Experiment 1 showed perceived artist morality as indicated by moral appraisal significantly influenced Chinese participants' aesthetic judgments of Chinese landscape paintings. Participants rated their liking and the beauty of paintings, with the result that highly moral artists' paintings were rated significantly higher than paintings of low-morality artists. Experiment 2 used moral behavior descriptions and replicated the finding of perceived artist morality influence on Chinese participants' aesthetic judgments of Chinese landscape paintings, but we did not find this effect on aesthetic judgments of Western landscapes and abstract paintings. Experiment 3 found a cross-cultural discrepancy of the influence of perceived artist morality on aesthetic judgments. We found perceived artist morality influenced Western (Americans and Europeans) participants' aesthetic judgments of all styles of paintings. This study confirmed the influence of perceived artist morality on aesthetic judgments of paintings, and suggested artists who cultivate a highly moral persona can thereby enhance the aesthetic value of their artworks among the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial mimicry, known as the tendency to imitate other individuals' facial muscular movements, is key to establishing successful interpersonal relationships. Studies on various cultures have confirmed this tendency, suggesting that facial mimicry is a universal behavioral pattern in interpersonal communication. However, its cross‐cultural variability is expected because of the influence of cultural norms regarding facial expressions. By focusing on unstructured dyadic interactions, we addressed the unexplored cross‐cultural variability of facial mimicry through a secondary analysis of video data obtained in Japan and Spain and a further analysis of newly collected videos in Taiwan. We also explored the association between the Big Five personality traits and facial mimicry cross‐culturally. To measure facial mimicry, the intensity of each facial action unit movement was quantified using OpenFace, which underwent multidimensional dynamic time warping. First, employing the pseudo‐synchrony paradigm of random data shuffling, we confirmed that interactants displayed facial mimicry beyond chance during their conversation. Second, we found that the extent of mimicry was significantly different among the three cultures; that is, interactants from East Asian cultures (Taiwan, Japan) showed a greater extent of mimicry than those from Western cultures (Spain) even after controlling for unbalanced gender composition in the data. Third, conscientiousness was significantly associated with the degree of mimicry. However, the association between personality traits and mimicry was not consistent across cultures. Overall, this study discusses the importance of cross‐cultural research in facial mimicry, as in the study of facial expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The wine market has witnessed intensified competition across all aspects. However, there is a limited systematic assessment of wine marketing literature. This study employs bibliometric and thematic content evaluation methodologies to present a comprehensive summary and trend of the existing research in wine marketing. Design/methodology/approach: This integrates bibliometric and thematic content analytical techniques to trace the evolutionary arc of wine marketing research, underpinned by a framework-based evaluation - the 4 Ws (what, where, why, and how) to give a thorough overview of wine marketing literature. We draw on the thematic structure of wine marketing research by conducting keyword co-occurrence, thematic, social network, and cluster-based content analyses. A total of 291 publications from peer-reviewed journals, spanning the years 2001–2023, were examined in the present study. Findings: The bibliometric analysis is used to determine the most notable journals, authors, nations, articles, and themes, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding of the publication trends within the sphere of wine marketing. Based on the findings, this study advocates a research agenda to extend further contributions to the field of wine marketing. Originality/value: The study performs a comprehensive analysis of the publication patterns, influential authors, and emerging trends within the wine marketing research field. It provides a unique insight into the evolution and development of wine marketing as a scholarly discipline, facilitating future research directions and knowledge advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study was exclusively focused on the documentation and cross-cultural evaluation of ethnomedicinal knowledge (EMK) within the diverse linguistic groups of Kohistan situated between the Himalayan and Hindukush Mountain ranges in the north Pakistan. Methods Data were gathered during the field survey (May 2022 to July 2023) through group conversations, semi-structured interviews, and on-site observation. Venn diagrams were employed to illustrate the comparative assessment of EMK, and different ethnobotanical indices were utilized to examine the data. Results A total of 96 wild medicinal plant species (MPs) belonging to 74 genera and 52 botanical families were documented. The most reported MPs belong to the family Polygonaceae (11 species), followed by Asteraceae (9 species) and Lamiaceae (8 species). The ethnomedicinal uses of Leontopodium himalayanum, Pedicularis oederi, Plocama brevifolia, Polypodium sibiricum, Pteridium esculentum, Sambucus wightiana, Solanum cinereum, Teucrium royleanum, Rhodiola integrifolia, Aconitum chasmanthum were reported for the first time in this region. Among the reported taxa herbaceous species were dominated (72%), followed by trees and shrubs (17% and 10%, respectively). Digestive problems (40 taxa and 114 use reports) and skin disorders (19 taxa and 549 use reports) were the most cited disease categories, whereas M. communis, M. longifolia, Ajuga integrifolia, Ziziphus jujuba, and Clematis grata exhibited the highest percentage fidelity levels. Out of 109 documented medicinal uses, a mere 12 were shared across all linguistic groups, and Bateri emerges as a notable outlier with the highest number of medicinal uses. In addition, a significant homogeneity was noted in the reported botanical taxa (61 species) among different linguistic groups. However, since the last decade biocultural heritage of Kohistan is facing multifaceted risks that need urgent attention. Conclusion Our findings could be valuable addition to the existing stock of ethnomedicinal knowledge and may provide ethnopharmacological basis to novel drug discovery for preexisting and emerging diseases prioritizing detailed phytochemical profiling and the evaluation of bioactive potential.

Although the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ) and the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire (GTQ) were created to enhance empirical analyses of rule-governed behavior, more cross-cultural research with these instruments is warranted to examine their validity. Therefore, the current study aimed to replicate previous research with a group of undergraduate students in the United States (N = 325). Overall outcomes from the current study replicated those previously reported indicating that pliance and tracking may be similar across different cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of rapid globalization and increased environmental consciousness, organizations must align their business practices with sustainable development goals. The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of sustainable human resource management (SHRM) on employees' performance, focusing on the mediating role of employee engagement and the moderating effect of national culture. To do so, data were collected from 1950 individuals across 26 countries. The results of a multilevel analysis show that SHRM positively affects performance, with employee engagement acting as a mediator. Furthermore, the effectiveness of SHRM practices is moderated by cultural tightness–looseness, indicating that SHRM practices are more effective in flexible and adaptive cultural environments. This study contributes to the literature by integrating institutional theory and the JD-R model, demonstrating that SHRM enhances performance through increased employee engagement and that cultural context significantly influences this relationship. The findings emphasize the need for a culturally sensitive approach to SHRM, suggesting that organizations should tailor their sustainable practices to align with the cultural norms of their operational environments. This research provides valuable theoretical insights into the mechanisms through which SHRM impacts performance and practical implications for HR professionals seeking to implement effective and sustainable HR practices globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was exclusively focused on the documentation and cross-cultural evaluation of ethnomedicinal knowledge (EMK) within the diverse linguistic groups of Kohistan situated between the Himalayan and Hindukush Mountain ranges in the north Pakistan. Methods: Data were gathered during the field survey (May 2022 to July 2023) through group conversations, semi-structured interviews, and on-site observation. Venn diagrams were employed to illustrate the comparative assessment of EMK, and different ethnobotanical indices were utilized to examine the data. Results: A total of 96 wild medicinal plant species (MPs) belonging to 74 genera and 52 botanical families were documented. The most reported MPs belong to the family Polygonaceae (11 species), followed by Asteraceae (9 species) and Lamiaceae (8 species). The ethnomedicinal uses of Leontopodium himalayanum, Pedicularis oederi, Plocama brevifolia, Polypodium sibiricum, Pteridium esculentum, Sambucus wightiana, Solanum cinereum, Teucrium royleanum, Rhodiola integrifolia, Aconitum chasmanthum were reported for the first time in this region. Among the reported taxa herbaceous species were dominated (72%), followed by trees and shrubs (17% and 10%, respectively). Digestive problems (40 taxa and 114 use reports) and skin disorders (19 taxa and 549 use reports) were the most cited disease categories, whereas M. communis, M. longifolia, Ajuga integrifolia, Ziziphus jujuba, and Clematis grata exhibited the highest percentage fidelity levels. Out of 109 documented medicinal uses, a mere 12 were shared across all linguistic groups, and Bateri emerges as a notable outlier with the highest number of medicinal uses. In addition, a significant homogeneity was noted in the reported botanical taxa (61 species) among different linguistic groups. However, since the last decade biocultural heritage of Kohistan is facing multifaceted risks that need urgent attention. Conclusion: Our findings could be valuable addition to the existing stock of ethnomedicinal knowledge and may provide ethnopharmacological basis to novel drug discovery for preexisting and emerging diseases prioritizing detailed phytochemical profiling and the evaluation of bioactive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to investigate perceptions of what it means to "age well" and to explore similarities and differences between a Western and non-Western culture (Britain and Java). Methods Qualitative interviews explored how Javanese and British older adults defined aging well, establishing the similarities and differences between cultures. Javanese (n  = 14) and British (n  = 15) adults aged 61–80 (mean age = 68) participated. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and organized with NVivo. Results Four themes were identified that captured what it means to age well across cultures: (a) good health is a springboard for aging well ; (b) holding a positive outlook is a decisive factor in aging well ; (c) "having enough" and "feeling safe" provide peace of mind ; and (d) spirituality and religiosity provide tranquility. Although both cultures mentioned similar factors, there were variations in the interpretations and emphasis within themes. For example, Javanese participants emphasized the importance of the social environment whereas British participants highlighted the physical environment. Discussion Differences between cultures are important for understanding how best to support people as they age. For example, in Java, aging well may be best supported by providing a vibrant social environment. For people in Britain, having a safe and secure physical environment may be more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Using the concept of relational solidarity, we examine how autonomy, equality, dignity, and personhood are practiced in the care of people living with dementia at home in urban India. Methods Video interviews with 19 family carers and 25 health providers conducted in English, Hindi, and Kannada in Bengaluru between March and July 2022. Data were translated into English and thematically analyzed. Results Family carers and providers unanimously agreed that people with dementia should be respected and cared for. Concurrently, they perceived people with dementia as being "like a kid" and used the analogy of a parent–child relationship to understand their care responsibilities. This analogy informed how ethical principles such as personhood and equality were reframed in the relationships between family carers and people with dementia, as well as how carers and providers maintained the safety but undermined the autonomy of people with dementia through restricting their movements inside and outside the home. Discussion There can be relational solidarity in dementia care at home in urban India but also contradictions in the interpretations and applications of the ethical principles of autonomy, equality, dignity, and personhood. As such, a more organic, grassroots model of ethical practice is needed to frame care and provide material support to families in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe current study compared self-reported sleep in undergraduate students in Austria and the United States.MethodsThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index responses from 292 Austrian university students (237 females) and 313 U.S. university students (189 females) were analyzed. In addition to the standard scoring procedure for the scale and the individual components of the scale, the data were also evaluated as separate sleep quality and sleep quantity factors using ANOVAs. Sleep timing (bedtime, wake-time, and midpoint) was also examined using independent t-tests.ResultsAustrian students reported better sleep quality and quantity than the U.S. students. In addition, Austrian students had more sleep disturbances and took longer to fall asleep but slept longer and used less sleep medication than U.S. students. Austrian students also went to bed earlier and woke up later than U.S. students.ConclusionsThe current results indicate that sleep in undergraduate students varies across countries. A major difference between the two groups of students was the university setting with the Austrian students living in a large urban area and the U.S. students living in a rural college town, suggesting that the environment could impact student sleep and sleep choices. Finally, the current data indicate that examining sleep quality as a separate factor from sleep quantity provides additional information about sleep in college students. Better documenting sleep and sleep habits in college students across different countries can address important differences that universities and societies can use to help improve sleep and wellbeing in their students.

Public space auditing is an efficient tool for urban planning of active mobility infrastructures. It enables real estate developers and urban planners to judge the level of comfort their design of sidewalks and public places can provide. Most of the research focus on the methodology to characterize the satisfaction of a public space, but there is a lack of knowledge about inter-cultural aspects of such methods. Our main research question is whether there is consistency in the way in which French and Spanish auditors perceived an urban streetscape: would they rate a public space the same and what features would be differently audited. We selected three urban identities of a modern district representing a variety of urban form: a public place with a tramway station, a commercial street designed as a strip mall, and green residential area with leisure activities. Each of these points of view were audited by a pool of French and Spanish participants according to criteria related to buildings’ architecture and sidewalks’ design for walkability and cyclability purposes. Both virtual reality and real scenes of the public spaces were recorded in videos and provided to participants for rating purposes. Architectural ambiances were measured with qualitative scales, quality of public space was measured with two integrated indicators of pedestrian level of service, and the accordance of infrastructures for active mobility was probed with individual scales. Results from the audit suggest that some streetscape impressions may be quite similar when assessed with various types of measurement, in different cultural contexts: scale, size and architectural style stimulate the same kind of feelings, and the quality of public spaces were perceived equivalently by the two communities as well as bikeability. Dissimilarities in perception occurred for the perception of materials and general feelings of the areas, and in the rating of walkability and in preferences for walking.

In male athletes, sleep plays an important role in recovery and the improvement of physical abilities through high-intensity training. Unfortunately, no appropriate questionnaire is currently available to assess sleep problems in male Korean athletes. Therefore, this study translated and cross-culturally validated the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) for male Korean athletes. This study employed a conceptual review, comprising translation preparation, review, and preliminary investigation, and a statistical review, comprising the test-retest method, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency analysis. Content equivalence between the original ASBQ text and the Korean version was secured, and test-retest reliability and internal consistency were acceptable. Acceptable levels of comprehension were observed for the translated questions. The dependent t-test analysis showed no significant differences between any of the questions. A verification of the stability of the Korean male version of the ASBQ using the test-retest method at 2-week intervals showed an acceptable level of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.78, r = 0.77, typical measurement error = 2.5, coefficient of variation = 7.6%). Lastly, the internal consistency reliability test revealed a Cronbach’s α of 0.87 at the 95% confidence level. The Korean male version of the ASBQ showed content equivalence and reliability with the original version. It can be used as a tool to analyze the sleeping behavior of Korean male athletes and provide customized training schedules.

Public space auditing is an efficient tool for urban planning of active mobility infrastructures. It enables real estate developers and urban planners to judge the level of comfort their design of sidewalks and public places can provide. Most of the research focus on the methodology to characterize the satisfaction of a public space, but there is a lack of knowledge about inter-cultural aspects of such methods. Our main research question is whether there is consistency in the way in which French and Spanish auditors perceived an urban streetscape: would they rate a public space the same and what features would be differently audited. We selected three urban identities of a modern district representing a variety of urban form: a public place with a tramway station, a commercial street designed as a strip mall, and green residential area with leisure activities. Each of these points of view were audited by a pool of French and Spanish participants according to criteria related to buildings' architecture and sidewalks' design for walkability and cyclability purposes. Both virtual reality and real scenes of the public spaces were recorded in videos and provided to participants for rating purposes. Architectural ambiances were measured with qualitative scales, quality of public space was measured with two integrated indicators of pedestrian level of service, and the accordance of infrastructures for active mobility was probed with individual scales. Results from the audit suggest that some streetscape impressions may be quite similar when assessed with various types of measurement, in different cultural contexts: scale, size and architectural style stimulate the same kind of feelings, and the quality of public spaces were perceived equivalently by the two communities as well as bikeability. Dissimilarities in perception occurred for the perception of materials and general feelings of the areas, and in the rating of walkability and in preferences for walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study examines the influence of emojis on the comprehension of verbal irony in computer-mediated communication (CMC), with a focus on cross-cultural comparisons between Chinese and American participants. Verbal irony, often reliant on paralinguistic cues absent in text-based communication, poses comprehension challenges in CMC. Emojis, as nonverbal cues, are hypothesized to aid in conveying and interpreting ironic intent. The research involved 96 participants, equally divided between the two cultures, who were presented with scenarios containing verbal irony accompanied by either a winking or smiling emoji, or no emoji. The findings suggest significant cross-cultural differences in irony comprehension facilitated by emojis. American participants showed improved irony comprehension with the winking emoji, aligning with its conventional association with sarcasm in Western cultures. Conversely, Chinese participants better understood irony when paired with the smiling emoji, highlighting cultural variations in emoji interpretation. The study underscores the complex role of cultural context in digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed reality technology is employed to develop immersive experiences, enhancing visitor engagement within museum environments. There are challenges in interface design and sensory accuracy for such mixed-reality applications. This study explored integration of mixed reality technology in museums, emphasizing the enhancement of cross-cultural understanding and visitor engagement. Using advanced three-dimensional printing, significant artifacts from various cultures, including a notable Korean artifact from the Goryeo period, were replicated and digitized. These artifacts were the core of a mixed reality environment that was created using Unity and the MR Software Development Kit and experienced through a HoloLens 2 Head-Mounted Display. This immersive mixed reality experience, comprising three interactive segments, incorporated eye- and hand-tracking technologies to enable deeper engagement with cultural artifacts. The impact of mixed reality on visitor engagement and cross-cultural comprehension was evaluated, revealing a significant increase in visitor involvement and appreciation of cultural diversity. Notably, this study contributes to the evolving narrative of digital cultural heritage by highlighting the role of mixed reality in fostering a cross-cultural understanding and shaping future museum experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnocentric conduct among employees is observed in multicultural work environments characterised by the presence of individuals from diverse origins. The existence of ethnocentrism inside the workplace has been observed to have repercussions for colleagues. Nevertheless, despite the significance of the aforementioned factors, there hasn't been a considerable pertinent scholarly study on how these aspects affect the localisation of human resources. This research closes the gap in the literature by integrating ethnocentrism and human resource localisation variables. We used Andrew F. Hayes PROCESS V4.0 to assess the hypothesised relationship between employees' ethnocentric behaviour and human resource localisation success. In addition, employee knowledgesharing tendency works as a mediator, and employee cultural intelligence (CQ) is a moderated mediator. From the analysis of 361 respondents from multinational Company (MNC) workers, we found that ethnocentric behaviour reduces employee knowledge-sharing tendency among workers and, in return, reduces human resource localisation success. However, CQ moderates the mediated relationship between employee knowledgesharing direction and localisation success. We also found that when employees have high CQ, the negative effect of ethnocentrism on localisation success weakens. Managers of multicultural organisations should reduce ethnocentrism to ensure the success of human resource localisation. MNCs can consider employing culturally intelligent individuals and giving them sensitivity training. Future research can integrate other variables, such as the firm's cultural characteristics, to continue this research domain. Further research can also consider collecting data from nations with high cultural distances; comparative studies between two countries are also encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – Global adoption of the internet and mobile usage results in a huge variation in the cultural backgrounds of consumers who generate and consume electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Unsurprisingly, a research trend on cross-cultural eWOM has emerged. However, there has not been an attempt to synthesize this research topic. This paper aims to bridge this gap. Methodology – This research paper conducts a systematic literature review of the current research findings on cross-cultural eWOM. Journal articles published from 2006 to 2021 are included. This study then presents the key issues in the extant literature and suggests potential future research. Findings – The findings show that there has been an upward trend in the number of publications on cross-cultural eWOM since the early 2010s, with a relatively steeper increase toward 2020. The findings also synthesize cross-cultural eWOM research into four elements and suggest potential future research avenues. Value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is currently no exhaustive/integrated review of cross-cultural eWOM research. This research fills the need to summarize the current state of cross-cultural eWOM literature and identifies research questions to be addressed in the future. – El boca a boca electrónico cross-cultural: una revisión sistemática de la literatura Objetivo – La adopción global de Internet y los móviles da lugar a una enorme diferencia en el origen cultural de los consumidores que generan y consumen el boca a boca electrónico (eWOM). No es de extrañar que haya surgido una tendencia de investigación sobre el eWOM transcultural. Sin embargo, no se ha intentado sintetizar este tema de investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es subsanar esta carencia. Metodología – Este trabajo de investigación realiza una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de las investigaciones realizadas sobre eWOM transcultural. Se incluyen artículos de revistas publicados desde 2006 hasta 2021. A continuación, el estudio presenta las cuestiones clave de la literatura existente y sugiere posibles investigaciones futuras. Resultados – Los resultados muestran que ha habido una tendencia al alza en el número de publicaciones sobre eWOM intercultural desde principios de la década de 2010, con un aumento relativamente creciente hacia 2020. Los resultados también sintetizan la investigación sobre eWOM intercultural en cuatro elementos y sugieren posibles vías de investigación futuras. Valor – Actualmente no existe una revisión exhaustiva/integrada de la investigación sobre el eWOM cross-cultural. Esta investigación satisface la necesidad de resumir el estado actual de la literatura sobre eWOM cross-cultural e identifica las cuestiones de investigación que deben abordarse en el futuro. – 跨文化电子口碑研究：系统性文献回顾 摘要 目的 – 在互联网全球化以及移动手机的广泛使用的背景下, 不同文化背景的消费者都在贡献电子口碑（eWOM）。这使得电子口碑存在文化差异。然而, 还没有人试图对这个研究课题进行综合分析。本文的目的就是要弥补这一空白。 方法 – 本研究论文对目前关于跨文化eWOM的研究成果进行了系统的文献回顾。包括2006年至2021年发表的期刊文章。然后, 本研究提出了现有文献中的关键问题, 并提出了潜在的未来研究。 研究结果 – 研究结果显示, 自2010年初以来, 关于跨文化eWOM的出版物数量呈上升趋势, 到2020年时增幅相对较大。研究结果还总结了跨文化eWOM研究的四个要素, 并提出了潜在的未来研究途径。 价值 – 目前还没有关于跨文化eWOM研究的详尽/综合的回顾。这项研究填补了总结跨文化电子WOM文献现状的需要, 并确定了未来要解决的研究问题。

Like most historical leaders, Israel's fourth prime minister, Golda Meir, is a controversial figure. Some consider her the worst prime minister in Israel's history, who was responsible for Israel's lack of preparedness for the Yom Kippur War, and others perceive her to be the only 'man' who stood in the way of Arabs' countries victory over Israel. Some view her to be conservative, not brilliant, dogmatic, masculine, and racist, and some others, as a simple, modest, warm, and empathetic woman. The authors bridge between these two conflicting views by employing theories of identity, culture, and gender role bias to investigate how Golda Meir's early age trauma caused by pogroms against Jews, cultural transition between Russia, the USA, and Mandatory Palestine, and serving as a powerful woman leader in an all-men political system, influenced her personal and political behaviour and her public image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of loyalty has remained a central theme in business for over 50 years. This concept has gained additional attention with the growth of online retailing due to rapidly changing retail environments. Numerous studies have focused on the antecedents of online store loyalty; however, unlike previous works, the present study explores a conceptual perception of loyalty. This study provides insights into behavioral and attitudinal perspectives and concentrates on the importance of the affective dimension of attitudinal loyalty. Additionally, this study analyzes differences in attitudinal loyalty toward online stores between loyal and disloyal respondents. The study was based on a survey performed in four countries--the USA, China, Spain, and Lithuania. The results highlight the importance of the affective aspect of loyalty and differences in its evaluation among the surveyed countries. The findings reveal significant and stable differences in perception of the three dimensions of attitudinal loyalty between loyal and disloyal respondents; however, in contrast to expectations, the disloyal respondents exhibited very high levels of attitudinal loyalty. These findings contribute to better measurement and interpretation of loyalty for both scientific studies and business practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of loyalty has remained a central theme in business for over 50 years. This concept has gained additional attention with the growth of online retailing due to rapidly changing retail environments. Numerous studies have focused on the a ntecedents of online store loyalty; however, unlike previous works, the present study explores a conceptual perception of loyalty. This study provides insights into behavioral and attitudinal perspectives and concentrates on the importance of the affective dimension of attitudinal loyalty. Additionally, this study analyzes differences in attitudinal loyalty toward online stores between loyal and disloyal respondents. The study was based on a survey performed in four countries—the USA, China, Spain, and Lithuania. The results highlight the importance of the affective aspect of loyalty and differences in its evaluation among the surveyed countries. The findings reveal significant and stable differences in perception of the three dimensions of attitudinal loyalty between loyal and disloyal respondents; however, in contrast to expectations, the disloyal respondents exhibited very high levels of attitudinal loyalty. These findings contribute to better measurement and interpretation of loyalty for both scientific studies and business practitioners.

The existing ethical leadership literature reflects a Western-based private sector perspective, implying a compliance-oriented view of ethical leadership. Developing a more comprehensive understanding of how ethical leadership is viewed in the Western and Eastern cultural clusters, as well as the private and public sectors, is crucial because today's leaders must lead ethically across cultures and sectors more and more. Addressing this issue, the present study explores how employees from Eastern cultures define ethical leadership and which characteristics they associate with ethical leaders. A qualitative study was conducted through interviews this study conducted 10 confidential individual interviews with leaders and employees in a public organization in Jordan. The findings indicate that while there may be similarities with Western perspectives on ethical leadership such as honesty; respect, fairness, and justice, there are also distinct characteristics and priorities that reflect the unique socio-cultural context of the region like religiosity, accountability, responsibility, and trustworthiness.

Abstract: The present study adapts and investigates the psychometric properties of the German version of the Prosocial Behavioral Intentions Scale (PBIS). The sample included 507 participants. Incongruent with the original study, the PBIS showed low internal consistency (α = .57; ω = .63). The CFA results indicated a good two-dimensional model fit. The PBIS scores showed convergent validity with related instruments. A positive correlation with materialism was observed, so no statements on discriminant validity were made. Additional measurement invariance testing with an existing US sample showed configural measurement invariance, indicating differences in the mode of action in both cultures. Based on these results, the PBIS-G should be used with caution, and further psychometric testing should be conducted to examine discriminant validity and the origin of missing measurement invariance.

In this research I dive into the testimonies of five border town students who live on the U.S.-Mexico border in the transborder community composed of sister-cities, Calexico, California, and Mexicali, Baja California Mexico. The goal of this study is to use testimonials to help us understand the flaws within the educational site of Calexico High school as well as the limitations it imposes on transborder border town students. Transborder Realities is a new type of journalism focusing on the stories of individuals as a way to bring forward the realities of many. This study unveils the intersectionality between social class, residency, and economic status that lead to social hierarchies in school, creating a division between students of different backgrounds. Each of the participants share personal experiences that greatly impacted them academically as transborder students, encounters that have not only led to struggles with their language, mental health, and career and educational endeavors, but also pushed them in search of better opportunities. This study brings to light the reality of being a transborder student in this culturally rich community, what that entails, and the effects it had in their pursuit of a higher education. These testimonials help to reveal the stigma faced within the educational community of Calexico in hopes of decreasing the mistreatment of transborder students pursuing higher education in the United States.