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Given the importance of teachers’ views and perspectives in promoting media literacy among students and children, this study examines the perspectives of kindergarten teachers in Austria on media education. Data was collected through an online survey of kindergarten teachers who participated in a training. The results show that common approaches to media literacy among kindergarten teachers are protectionist and technical approaches. Critical and reflective approaches to media were rarely mentioned by kindergarten teachers.

The theory of nature has a privileged position among monotheistic thinkers in both Christianity and Islam. In Christianity, the theory of nature became prominent because the teachings of Christianity lacked the capacity of reasonableness. Therefore, Christian thinkers tried to address this shortcoming by establishing the theory of nature. According to this theory, they could make many Christian teachings seem reasonable. In the Islamic world, many contemporary thinkers were committed to the theory of nature according to some Islamic verses and traditions. However, what is important is that this theory, in the last few decades, has gained traction among Muslim thinkers, according to Motahari's scientific point of view.. Motahari in opposition to the anthropological theories of materialist schools, such as Marxism and existentialism which considers the essence of human existence to be material, proposed the theory of nature to negate the view of human materialism, and established a new framework in Islamic anthropology. The purpose of this research is to critically examine Professor Motahari's opinions regarding the theory of nature, which is derived from the epistemology of his religious belief. He examines religious belief through the relationship between reason and faith, advocating for the theory of nature. In this research, according to the reflections and criticisms that can be directed at the theory of nature, it becomes clear that this theory does not have the desired function. Therefore, those who hold opinions on this matter should build a foundation characterized by the reasonableness of religious belief(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate enterprises have long embraced their historical legacy, preserving not only documents in their archives, but also buildings, and old equipment from their past operations. Scholars in management and marketing studies have dedicated attention to exploring the heritage of business organizations since the 2000s, primarily interested in how firms leverage their historical legacies to enhance performance, build identity, and ensure long-term success. This has, however, developed independently from the interdisciplinary field of cultural heritage studies, which largely overlooks how corporate enterprises deal with what they see as their own heritage. The paper bridges this divide by reviewing existing heritage approaches in management and marketing studies literature and exploring the potential of addressing this corporate heritage discourse in the field of critical heritage studies. It argues that since socioeconomic interests invariably influence heritage processes, engaging with this corporate heritage discourse may enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between organizations, heritage, and societal dynamics in the broader context of heritage studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the increasing integration of digital tools, particularly the adoption of chatbots like ChatGPT, in post-pandemic higher education. Focused on the context of higher education in Morocco, the qualitative study, based on interviews with 15 teachers, examines the potential benefits and implications of using ChatGPT. Our methodology is grounded in a thematic content categorization approach to analyze the collected responses. The results highlight two main themes: the first delves into the application areas and perceived advantages of ChatGPT, while the second addresses teachers' positions and concerns regarding this technology, emphasizing the delicate balance between technology and human interaction in higher education.

Purpose: This article aims to identify the difficulties encountered by accountants for carrying out research that subverts the accounting paradigmatic domination patterns. Method: The theoretical concepts of field, habitus and capital by Pierre Bourdieu are applied in the study. Under the methodological aspect, a critical interpretative approach is used, and qualitative approach through the application of an in-depth interview with a relevant non-mainstream researcher in the area. To analyze the narrative, dialogical discourse analysis in the Bakhtinian perspective was used. Results: The study reveals several difficulties faced by the interviewee, both in the academic relationship with professors and with postgraduate colleagues, namely for not using the mainstream paradigm in her research. The evidence demonstrates the existence of obstacles to the dissemination of their research in congresses and in journals in the area, which sometimes did not even receive opinions. The researcher's difficulties in obtaining funding for her studies are also highlighted, under the justification that the non-mainstream research developed by her is not an accounting study. Such difficulties, addressed in the text, reinforce the situation of domination in the field of accounting research, guided by the functionalist and positivist paradigm, as well as highlighting the effort to maintain the status quo on the part of those who are in a position of domination in the field. Contributions: In addition to the methodological proposal that subverts the predominant paradigm in accounting research, the discussions in the present study can contribute to formulate new understandings. It is a way to overcome difficulties by exposing how thinking, and actions, linked to the mainstream reproduce prejudices. The study denounces how the accounting mainstream tries to make invisible perspectives that seek to expand the theoretical and methodological horizon of accounting research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daily plans are the key tool for teachers to ensure their delivery meets the expectations of the programme, and math activities are one of the important activities required to be offered daily in the early years to form the foundations of future math knowledge. As outdoor environments provide various learning opportunities, assessing the math activities offered in daily plans is necessary, in part to review teachers' practices. Therefore, analysing the preschool teachers' daily plans was the aim of this research. Semi-structured interviews with preschool teachers and some shared daily plan examples were used to collect data. The findings show a discrepancy between teachers' statements and the plans used. Although the participating teachers pointed to the use of the outdoors for math activities, the shared daily plans were limited in practice in their use of the out-of-classroom opportunities. The daily plans that teachers offered were mainly paper-based classroom activities instead of illustrating a broad use of various learning environments and opportunities. This finding indicates that preschool teachers might benefit from professional development courses that encourage them to address the early mathematics needs of children in their daily plans and through pedagogic practices that use a wide range of outdoor learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research supports the self-determined growth of marginalised remote Australian Aboriginal tourism and the people and communities that underpin it. The complex contexts from which Aboriginal tourism has grown has resulted in it being marginalised, suffering low domestic demand and receiving nominal academic attention. Aboriginal tourism operators have been particularly neglected in research. However, the disappearance of traditional international markets due to COVID-19 has brought into focus the need to better understand how to support the industry and build domestic demand. We adopt a 'critical turn' approach to researching remote Aboriginal tourism in order to deliver new growth perspectives centred on operator narratives. Our Aboriginal-led research adopts an Indigenist research method to examine nine operators' experiences against marketing brand growth literature that is being applied for the first time in this context. The findings provide an understanding of diverse marketing issues. They privilege the operator voice and thus support their visibility, space and opportunity. We recommend continuing to centre operator perspectives in building and empowering the industry for future growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a growing trend in the “North and South” dialectics in all fields. International law is no exception to this rule. Recently, in international law studies, in particular, in philosophical discourses and historical development research regarding the origin and the basis of international law obligations, efforts have been made by new scholars to spread the Eastern approach to international law. As these thoughts normally emerge from the less developed and colonial countries, it is called the “Third-World Approach to International Law (TWAIL)”. This approach is rooted in the critical legal studies movement in international law. By taking the Asian perspective into account and also, the evolution of the history of Asian civilizations, this approach attempts to address the inauspicious phenomenon of colonialism in undeveloped or less developed countries, and thereby, decenter Europe as the origin of international law.From 1996 to 2020, we have been facing a significant increase in studies related to this third-world approach to international law, which depicts the possible emergence of a renaissance period in this field of study. Although its initial consistent rise happened between 1998 and 2012, the volume of scientific content production in this approach gradually increased. In fact, this approach points us to a re-examination of the historical evolution of international law. As mentioned, the researchers and experts of this approach are actively present in the world of international law and this approach will undoubtedly impact their opinions and activities. MethodologyFurthermore, the third-world approaches to international law have rooted in different areas, but naturally, they have become more prominent in some categories of international law, in terms of studying the methodology and the historical background of international law that were mentioned earlier.The third-world approach functions in two ways: first, it challenges the radicalized power and the hierarchy of international institutions and norms, and second, it examines the past and the present foundations of colonies and imperial structures of international law. Many of the insights created by the critical approach have been important and useful for the supporters of the third-world approach to international law. So, this approach will analyze the current issues of international law and human rights in a critical discourse. Although there is a fear of division and conflict in such approaches, they create more awareness and increase the debate between different nations on the subject which leads to the universality of international law. It is worth mentioning that Marty Koskenniemi and David Kennedy are among the most famous experts in this field of study and have written many articles about this approach. ConclusionIn conclusion, it seems that the critical and bold approach to international law through the lens of the so-called third-world countries analyzes the deep-rooted inequalities in the international community. The synergy between the critical approach and the third-world approach has expanded the content of international law norms and has created new discourses in international law. Based on the writings of the experts with the third-world approach to international law, it seems that in the past and especially in recent centuries, through the flawed phenomenon of exploitation and colonialism (both in its traditional and modern forms), the powerful countries of the world have seriously damaged the trust of other countries regarding international decisions and regulations concerning third-world countries and especially Asian countries. Thus, actions should be taken to rebuild that trust. It is possible to change the view of third-world countries to powerful countries in international relations. But the emergence of other powerful governments and Asian actors, especially those countries that have a significant impact on the international economy and, as a result, are noticeably influential on politics and international relations, can lead to a redefinition of many concepts in the modern world.Finally, it seems that, regarding the true goals and ideals of international law, the presence of “North and South” views in all areas related to international law have led to different political sides and the current international order. challenges exist at all levels, but the examination and analysis of such multi-dimensional approaches will lead to the expansion of the discourse and exchange of opinions between different nations and will raise awareness and respect for different cultural systems among them, which finally, contributes to the universality of international law.

Bu makalede, erken dönem dilbilimsel kaynaklarda sahih kıraatlere yönelik eleştirel yaklaşımlar ve bu eleştirilere verilen cevaplar irdelenmiştir. Kur’an kıraatleri, kelimelerin farklı okunuşlarına konu olması sebebiyle dil ve nahiv çalışmaları sahasında önemli bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Bu çerçevede erken dönem dil bilginleri, özellikle lahn olgusu ile birlikte nahiv ilminin de bir meselesi haline gelen kıraat vecihlerini dil ve iʿrab yönünden ele almışlar, fasih ve beliğ kıraat vecihlerini tespit noktasında dilsel ihticâca yönelmişlerdir. Dilin derlenmesi ve kullanım keyfiyetine yönelik Basra ve Kûfe merkezli olmak üzere iki önemli ekol ön plana çıkmıştır. Basra dil ekolüne mensup dil bilginleri semâʿa dayalı olarak eski Arap şiirinden çokça istifade etmişler, dilsel kıyasta şâz ve geçersiz olan kullanımları Kur’an kıraatinde makbul görmemişlerdir. Bu şekildeki okuyuşları yaygın olan kıraatler içerisinde yer alsa bile tenkide tabi tutmuşlar, hatta tenkidin de ötesinde kimi zaman bu kıraatleri lahn, hata, galat, vehm, zayıf, kabîh ve radî gibi kavramlarla reddetmişlerdir. Basra dil ekolünün öncülerinden olan Sîbeveyh’in (ö. 180/796), sahih kıraatlere yönelik eleştiri geleneğini başlatan ilk dilbilgini olduğu genel kabul görmüştür. Bu süreç, Yahya b. Ziyâd el-Ferrâ (ö. 207/822), Müberred (ö. 286/900), Ahfeş el-Evsat (ö. 215/830), İbn Kuteybe (ö. 276/889), Zeccâc (ö. 311/923), Nehhâs (ö. 338/950), Ebû Ali el-Fârisî (ö. 377/987) ve İbn Cinnî (ö. 392/1002) gibi dilsel kimliğinin yanı sıra kıraatçı kimliği de bulunan âlimlerle sistematik bir tarza bürünmüştür. Ancak İbn Mücâhid (ö. 324/936) ve Mekkî b. Ebû Tâlib (ö. 437/1045) gibi kıraatçı kimliği ile temayüz etmiş âlimlerin de bu gelenek içerisinde yer alması hayli ilginç bir durum oluşturmuştur. Zira zikri geçen âlimlerin kıraatlerin tedvininde, tasnifinde ve belli kriterlere bağlı olarak sistemleştirilmesinde çok büyük katkılarının olduğu bilinen bir husustur. Sahih kıraatlere yönelik sonraki süreçlerde ortaya çıkan geleneksel algının bu dönemde henüz netleşmemiş olması, bunda etkili bir unsur olarak gözükmektedir. Sahih kıraatleri tespit noktasında rivâyet ve telakkîyi esas alan kıraat âlimleri öncülüğündeki bir grup âlim ise dil bilginleri tarafından dilsel yönden tenkit edilen bu kıraatlerin aslında problemli olmadığını, eski Arap şiirinde bunların çokça referanslarının bulunduğunu dile getirmişlerdir. Ayrıca bu kıraatlerin Hz. Peygamber’den semâen ve lafzen tevâtür yoluyla nakledildiklerini, bu sebeple onların ekolden ekole değişkenlik gösteren dil kurallarıyla zayıf düşürülemeyeceğini söyleyerek bütün bu iddiaları reddetmişlerdir. Güncelliğini koruyan bu mesele hakkında ülkemizde -belli şahıs ve eserlerle sınırlı olmak kaydıyla- akademik düzeyde çok az sayıda çalışmanın yapılmış olması, konunun kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu makale, sahih kıraatlere yönelik eleştirel yaklaşımların tarihi seyrini takip etmeyi, eleştirilerin nelere yönelik olduğunu, hangi saiklerle ve kavramlarla yapıldığını tespit etmeyi, bu eleştiriler karşısında verilen cevapları tahlil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın hacmi dikkate alınarak makale erken dönem dilbilimsel kaynakları ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Makalede sosyal bilimlerde sıkça takip edilen betimleme, açıklama ve karşılaştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.

In general, conceptual models are used to express and depict the concept of sustainability, and in recent years, various models have been presented by researchers and analysts in this field to express and show the concept of sustainable development. In this research, which is a type of review and library research, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze the evolutionary process of sustainable development models and the contents expressed around sustainable development models. For this purpose, a number of more than 50 articles in the theoretical field of sustainable development and its models were examined and explored, among which 39 best articles based on content and content were used as sources and references. By expressing the evolution of sustainable development models over time, this research has presented a single collection in the form of a review article with a critical approach including capabilities, capacities, strengths and weaknesses of sustainable development models that have been proposed at the global level. The results of this research show that the lack of independence of the three dimensions, ignoring the time dimension, and paying less attention to the environmental dimension are among the main problems of the existing models.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology is the property of Canadian Network for Innovation in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the critical approaches to authentic qirāʿahs in early linguistic sources and the responses to those criticisms. Qurʾānic qirāʿahs have had a significant impact on language and syntax studies, as they are the subject of different pronunciations of words. In this framework, the early linguists dealt with the qirāʿah aspects, which became an issue of the science of syntax, especially with the phenomenon of lahn, in terms of language and iʿrāb, and they turned to linguistic ihtijāj to determine the aspects of the fluent and eloquent qirāʿahs. Two important schools based in Basra and Kūfe came to the fore regarding the compilation and use of the language. In particular, linguists belonging to the Basra language school benefited greatly from old Arabic poetry based on semāʿa, in linguistic comparison, shaz and invalid usages were not accepted in the Qurʾānic qirāʿah. They criticized such qirāʿahs even if they were included in the common qirāʿahs, and sometimes beyond criticism, they rejected these qirāʿahs with concepts such as lahn, fault, ghalaṭ, delusion (vehm), weak, qabīh and radī. Sībawayh (d.180/796), one of the pioneers of the Basra language school, was the first grammarian to initiate the tradition of criticism for authentic qirāʿahs. This process took on a systematic style with scholars whose linguistic identity was at the forefront: Yahyā b. Ziyād al-Farrāʼ (d.207/822), Mubarrad (d.286/900), Akhfash al-Awsat (d.215/830), Ibn Qutaybah (d.276/889), Zajjāj (d.311/923), Nahhās (d.338/950), Abū Ali alFārisī (d.377/987) and Ibn Jinnī (d.392/1002). However, it is quite interesting that scholars such as Ibn Mujāhid (d.324/936) and Makkī b. Abū Tālib (d.437/1045) who were distinguished by their identity as qirāʿah scholars were also included in this tradition. It is a fact that the scholars mentioned have made great contributions to the compilation, classification and systematization of qirāʿahs according to certain criteria. In this period, the fact that the traditional perception of the sahih-shaz category in qiraahs has not yet been clarified seems to be an effective factor. A group of scholars led by qira'ah scholars, who are based on narration and thought, in the determination of sahih qirāʿahs stated that these qirāʿahs, which were criticized linguistically by linguists, are not actually problematic, that there are references to them in the old Arabic poetry. They also rejected all these allegations by saying that these qirāʿahs were transmitted from the Prophet through tawātur both literally and semāʿa, and therefore they could not be weakened by linguistic rules that varied from school to school. The fact that very few studies have been conducted at academic level makes it necessary to address the issue thoroughly. This article aims to follow the historical course of critical approaches to the sahih qira'ahs in qira'ah sabʿa and ashere, to determine what the criticisms are for, with which incentives and concepts the criticisms have been made, and to analyze the answers given to the criticisms. Considering the volume of the study, the article was limited to early linguistic sources. The article frequently used descriptions, explanations and comparison methods in social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an Interview with the renowned Professor Virgil-Achiles GÂRBACEA, one of the very few visionaries who have understood and embraced the new research paradigms recognized at the international level within the scientific spectrum of Geography. Designed within a matrix of semi-open collaboration, the research questions aimed to explore the professor's perspective on the nature, perception, and construction of truth and weaknesses within human geography and within the specific context of Romania. The professor emphasized the importance of a critical and reflexive approach to the concept of truth in the field of human geography. He highlighted that truth and its weaknesses in this context are influenced by multiple social, cultural, and political variables. Furthermore, the professor acknowledged that human geography is a constantly evolving discipline, and understanding truth in this field requires a dynamic perspective and adaptability to societal changes. We underscore that the issue of truth and its weaknesses in this field is complex and fluid, and comprehending it necessitates a critical, contextualized, and open approach to dialogue. Additionally, a reflexive approach to the social and political construction of truth within the specific context of Romania is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ehsan Tabari's critical approach to the archaic ideology of the Pahlavi government is an ideological, hostile and militant confrontation that has meaning in the discourse and political atmosphere of Iran in this period. Tabari tries to challenge the official archaic discourse of the Pahlavi government as a heterogeneous voice. This approach is more militant, ideological, and political in nature than it is concerned with relying on historiographical documents and it is a function of the political-ideological position of the historian as a militant left-wing ideologue attached to the theoretical logic of Marxism in the re-reading of history. This critical approach has several important features: First, it challenges the Pahlavi government's arrogant and glorious official account of the fundamental concept of monarchy in a moralistic-instructive perspective and by including it under the concept of degeneration, Second, it attacks the racial-nationalist character of this archaic ideology by relying on the concept of internationalism And third, by proposing some critical perspectives, he assesses the institutionalizations that emerge from this archaic worldview as emerging from a kind of historical illusion that leads to institutional chauvinism. In this research, with an analytical approach, Ehsan Tabari's critical insight into the archeological ideology of the Pahlavi government will be analyzed and an attempt will be made to question the various layers of this critical approach and the factors influencing its formation as well as its constructive contexts.

Public interest has always been a controversial concept in spatial planning theories. The controversies over the concept imply a critical disagreement on what public interest is and if it exists at all. These have led to the development of multiple theories, challenging the legitimacy of planning. This article emphasizes the importance of addressing the question of public interest. However, it has not aimed to find an ultimate answer to the question; rather, it has focused on understanding the nature of the disagreements on this concept through the formulation of the different responses to this question. Accordingly, it has put its finger on the various ontological perspectives on the relation between the social and the individual by applying the meta-synthesis method and aimed to understand the trace of these perspectives on the conceptualization of public interest in the twelve most influential traditions on planning theory and practice. The article indicates the dominance of four approaches to the public interest in spatial planning, including individualism, universalism, pluralism, and critical tradition. In terms of these approaches, the article has addressed three questions: what is the nature of the relation between the social and the individual; what does constitute the public interest; and how does the so-called public interest actualize, especially in spatial planning?

Decades after the development of the "protest paradigm," scholarship continues to question the applicability of the paradigm under different circumstances, rather than pushing forward a more holistic theory that more adequately addresses the roles of producers, consumers, and media products. In this introduction to the special issue on news and protest, we argue that the relevance and any potential future advances of the protest paradigm depend on the (re)incorporation of its critical foundations, making explicit analyses of power hierarchies, and offering solutions for better journalistic coverage of protests. The articles in this special issue are linked by a recognition of the limitations of the protest paradigm and highlight emerging opportunities for moving beyond the paradigm and for considering the interplay of power structures to better understand protest news coverage. Acknowledging the media's place in and contribution to power hierarchies allows us to move beyond the paradigm's origins and contribute to a more holistic understanding of journalists' role in the legitimization of social struggles. In doing so, we advocate for scholars to reimagine what news coverage should look like when it comes to social protests struggling against historic and systemic inequities and injustices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research objective: The research aims to show the miraculousness of the prophetic revelation in every time and place, and to respond to the modernist thought that tries to abolish the sanctity of revelation in the hearts of Muslims. Results:The research deals with the issue of Western modernist thought, which left a great impact on Arab thought, and has become a well-known position on the revelation (the Qur’an and Sunnah), as they seek to de-sanctify it, and consider it a human source to which the methodology of criticism and reconsideration applies, and compared to the human production of poetry. As a fortune-telling, forgetting what God Almighty singled out for the means of preserving and caring, and the miracles they contained in its words and content, the most incapable of his contemporaries. The Arab modernist whose eyes were blinded and their hearts closed from realizing the obvious and clear facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love is a universal emotion and phenomenon. Despite its importance, this concept has not been the focus of studies in language education, with a few exceptions. This reticence and uneasiness in researching love in academia and in education is considered to be related to misconceptions about love that equate it only to intimate relationships and family matters (PATIENCE, 2008), as well as exclusively to romantic love (VINCENT, 2010). In this paper, I review some international studies that have focused on the concept of love in education from a critical perspective. In order to do that, I first review the crisis we are living today, which makes it ever more important to talk about love. Next, I discuss six studies which investigated the concept of love within the critical approach (in the North American context). I conclude suggesting reflections and implications for practice and summarizing the main elements of a critical revolutionary love approach to language teacher education and language learning and teaching.

The global spread and dominance of English in higher education has reached alarming heights. While there has been a drive to argue for the relevance and importance of education through local languages, English has snatched the biggest slice of the cake by subtly imposing itself as the sole global language of education. This paper interrogates the sociolinguistic problems posed by the hegemony of English language. It argues that globalization and internationalization work in tandem with neo-colonial and neoliberal operations to create a class of global citizens that must support the economic aspirations of English imperial expansion and sustenance. The arguments are drawn from the experiences of Middle East and North Africa as well as lessons from Eastern and Southern Africa. The paper adopts a critical approach in order to place urgency against the onslaught of English medium of instruction in global higher education. This is done by problematizing the rhetoric of globalized and internationalized education. The paper then draws conclusions on epistemic access in the context of burgeoning knowledge economies. It argues that English medium of instruction is implicated in stalling access to knowledge for the great majority in order to cater for and safeguard the economic dominance of the elite minority.

This essay suggests legitimizing and promoting critical approaches in Russian studies, as well as acknowledging the multifaceted diversity within Russian society. This diversity needs to be taken into serious consideration in any research on Russia. Moreover, various levels of inequality that this rich diversity both creates and challenges should be reflected upon in multidisciplinary research, with the focus on historical legacies in the reproduction of those inequalities. The author argues against a limited understanding of inequalities as economic phenomena, and proposes to think about the variety of inequalities that are very prominent in the Russian context: categorical, symbolic, territorial, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "fake news" is not a new phenomenon. Before the advent of the Internet, people read news from reliable sources which were required to adhere to strict standards of professional ethics. However, due to the ease of access to the Internet and social media there have emerged new ways of publishing, sharing and consuming news and information, in the meanwhile, the control over the quality and editorial norms have declined significantly. This has changed the way fake news is created and distributed. People now prefer to read the information on social media and other online sources. However, it is not always easy to determine which content is true and which is not. The paper argues that fake news employs specific language and graphic patterns which are meant to generate an emotional response. Knowing the language features of fake news may help readers become less susceptible to fake content. The study is built on the hypothesis that a critical analysis of how the information is represented activates a process of reasoning that helps spot fake content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article focuses on Eugen Simion's critical approach as revealed within two relevant texts - 'În ariergarda avangardei. Convorbiri cu Andrei Grigor' and 'Dic' #539;ionarul cronologic al literaturii române vechi', so as to point out his aesthetic perspective when coping with Literature itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterterrorism is predominantly carried out by states and based on their assessments on the determinants of terrorism. Counterterrorism policies have been categorized by mainstream approaches as the long term measures to improve structural conditions that constitutes the root causes of terrorism, short and medium term legal, military, and policing measures to deter terrorist actions and to defend the state. However, the state-centeredness in mainstream approaches allows terrorism to be taken as objective or given reality and this may lead to human rights violations using excessive force in the case of states exploit their primary role in counterterrorism. The policies that People Republic of China (PRC) has implemented in Xinjiang region since the early 2000s exemplifies this type of exploitation. The serious human rights violations resulting from these policies reveal the importance of adopting critical approaches that address terrorism as a social construction and prioritize normativity in counterterrorism. Accordingly, the aims of this paper are threefold. The first is to review approaches on terrorism and to introduce relevant counterterrorism policies. The second is to analyze the PRC's counterterrorism policies in depth within the framework presented by approaches on terrorism. The third is to argue the necessity of critical approach in terrorism in terms of the implications of PRC's counterterrorism policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is aimed at exploring the approaches to increase the efficiency of the development of the future translators’ critical approach to the solution of terminological problems, as well as the specialized bilingual (English and Ukrainian) terminology acquisition, in online teaching and learning. The method of research is based on the assumption that the said increase can be achieved through the intensification of the students’ analytical and thinking activity in their independent work by means of post-editing the machine-translated target texts combined with the simultaneous written explanation of the reasons for the respective corrections. This assumption was tested in the pilot experimental online teaching of specialised (in the domain of Psychology) translation to the first-year MA students majoring in Translation. The participants’ performance assessment took into account the amount of the independent work done by them, the level of their critical approach, as well as the specialised terminology usage accuracy in the final translation test. The results of the analysis proved the apparent dependence of the participants’ critical approach to the solution of terminological problems and the efficiency of specialised terminology acquisition on the intensity of their analytical and thinking activity in their independent work. The advantage of the participants with the highest level of the said intensity over those with the average one amounted to 16%, and 40% – over those with the lowest intensity. The efficiency of the development of students’ critical approach to the solution of terminological problems and the specialised terminology acquisition in online translation teaching and learning may be increased by intensification of their analytical and thinking activity in the process of meaningful post-editing of machine-translated target texts.

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Social Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The South Korean elite sport system is facing a wide range of problems that account for the high dropout rate among college student-athletes. However, research on dropout rates of student-athletes is so far been limited, which amplifies the actual voices of this group, their dropout experiences, and their challenges, while they were in the career transition process. Therefore, this study used a critical phenomenological approach as a primarymethodological lens to gather information on 15 formal Korean male college student-athletes on dropping out of team sports, exploring their life challenges during their career transitions out of the sport. The result showed two main thematic categories with sub-themes, which include (1) factors affecting burning out and terminating athletic careers: (a) injury and failure of rehabilitation and (b) bullying and abandonment; and (2) factors hindering post-retirement career advancement: (a) prejudice and exclusion and (b) absence of mentors and counselors. This study used Social Cognitive Career Theory to explore the participants' progression through specific interventions that engage and empower. Overall, the current study calls upon researchers, counselors, and administrators to continue exploring advocacy efforts with this population to alter policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Every society has a level of media literacy, but what is important is a critical approach to media content, which is of particular importance among adolescents and young people. Therefore, in this study, a model for media health literacy with a critical approach for high school students in Tehran has been developed and validated. Methods: The research method in this article is of quantitative type. The statistical population of this study includes the first and second year high school students of Tehran. The statistical sample was based on the sample required for exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis of 415 persons (in two stage) and the cluster sampling method was proportional to the selected cluster size. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire, which was validated from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and PLS software for data analysis. Results: The findings for the exploratory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of all indicators were higher than 0.3. The goodness indicators of the pattern fit also showed that the structural pattern extracted has a good fit with the data. Also, the dimensions and components of the model had good reliability (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and combined reliability). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the need for integrated and systematic attention to all aspects of media health literacy with a critical approach in high schools is necessary.

The South Korean elite sport system is facing a wide range of problems that account for the high dropout rate among college student-athletes. However, research on dropout rates of student-athletes is so far been limited, which amplifies the actual voices of this group, their dropout experiences, and their challenges, while they were in the career transition process. Therefore, this study used a critical phenomenological approach as a primary methodological lens to gather information on 15 formal Korean male college student-athletes on dropping out of team sports, exploring their life challenges during their career transitions out of the sport. The result showed two main thematic categories with sub-themes, which include (1) factors affecting burning out and terminating athletic careers: (a) injury and failure of rehabilitation and (b) bullying and abandonment; and (2) factors hindering post-retirement career advancement: (a) prejudice and exclusion and (b) absence of mentors and counselors. This study used Social Cognitive Career Theory to explore the participants' progression through specific interventions that engage and empower. Overall, the current study calls upon researchers, counselors, and administrators to continue exploring advocacy efforts with this population to alter policy and practice.

Ehsan Tabari's critical approach to the archaic ideology of the Pahlavi government is an ideological, hostile and militant confrontation that has meaning in the discourse and political atmosphere of Iran in this period. Tabari tries to challenge the official archaic discourse of the Pahlavi government as a heterogeneous voice. This approach is more militant, ideological, and political in nature than it is concerned with relying on historiographical documents and it is a function of the politicalideological position of the historian as a militant left-wing ideologue attached to the theoretical logic of Marxism in the rereading of history. This critical approach has several important features: First, it challenges the Pahlavi government's arrogant and glorious official account of the fundamental concept of monarchy in a moralistic-instructive perspective and by including it under the concept of degeneration, Second, it attacks the racial-nationalist character of this archaic ideology by relying on the concept of internationalism And third, by proposing some critical perspectives, he assesses the institutionalizations that emerge from this archaic worldview as emerging from a kind of historical illusion that leads to institutional chauvinism. In this research, with an analytical approach, Ehsan Tabari's critical insight into the archeological ideology of the Pahlavi government will be analyzed and an attempt will be made to question the various layers of this critical approach and the factors influencing its formation as well as its constructive contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

hypothetical jurisprudence, which with a little leniency can be called jurisprudence in vacuum, is a product of foundations, methods, causes and factors, which due to its strong presence in the background and present of the institution of jurisprudence, requires a critical look in order to be more precise and objective with it. Paying attention to hypothetical jurisprudence as a jurisprudential approach is due to the fact that jurisprudence and jurists have distanced themselves from social realities and the objective challenges of the obligees on the one hand, they are boycotted from the government and marginalized on the other hand, has had consequences that in this article, while pointing to some of its foundations and harms, have been tried to be addressed on a case-by-case basis as a result of the lack of attention to thematics, an issue that has been considered by thinkers and those concerned about making jurisprudence more efficient in these decades. In this essay, the mentioned problem has been researched with a descriptive, analytical method and with a critical approach, and the hypothesis has been strengthened that the lack of attention to jurisprudential thematics and the decline of its place in the operation of inference is mainly the result of the rule of the hypothetical approach to jurisprudence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review has for description and analysis of the article Environmental Formation: Consciousness, Knowledge and Education in order to clarify directly how the student's conscience is shown from a critical socioenvironmental approach. Thus, at the end, a critical analysis is made relating to environmental injustice in the school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: ؟One of the two major crises modern medicine is confronting with is the quality-of-care crisis (QCC); The QCC is the result of the ignorance of the existential and psychological needs of patients by doctors, nurses, and caregivers. In this paper, we aim to review this crisis and the importance of taking it into consideration by caregivers. We also develop a framework, called The Phronetic Model for Care, for an ideal care practice that can be used as a basis for training caregivers and this could be a major step to overcome QCC Methods: This study has been written using the Critical Review method and the proposed steps by Carnwell & Daly to design a conceptual model. The concepts and resources related to the QCC have been searched for in databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, Elsevier, and PhilPapers with the keywords medical practice, healthcare practice, critical reflection, empathy, phronesis, practical wisdom, reflective practice and the latest and most cited papers and books have been selected and read. Results: This study has been written using the Critical Review method and the proposed steps by Carnwell & Daly to design a conceptual model. The concepts and resources related to the QCC have been searched for in databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, Elsevier, and PhilPapers with the keywords medical practice, healthcare practice, critical reflection, empathy, phronesis, practical wisdom, reflective practice and the latest and most cited papers and books have been selected and read. Conclusion: Regarding that one of the most important steps to alleviate QCC is rethinking the concept of QCC and its various components, the proposed framework for practicing care can be used as a basis for teaching the skills required by caregivers and their proper training in order to emancipate from QCC.

Copyright of Social Work / Praca Socjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Positivism and Interpretivism have many applications but in face with power relations they cannot do more things and in this battle they fail. Third paradigm (critical realism approach) is suitable there. It has a powerful potential for influence under power relationships that are complicatedly mixed with social reality. Although critical approach is useful for the purpose, it suffers from something; this paradigm does not have any positive method for doing experimental research in social areas. For this reason, this research is going to define a new method based on critical approach.In this line, the research is presented "Critical Analysis Method" through exploring, studying more and justifying the perception of the critical approach. The new method is based on protecting three subjects: "Interviewee", "Interviewer" and "Reader". In this method the central point is to emphasize on the being subject of the three. The point helps it to be as a scientific method and as the same time penetrate power relations.

The first cultural industry to suffer from a lack of preparation for “digital revolutions” (e.g. the success of streaming and the MP3 standard), the music industry experienced one of the most important in a long series of crises at the turn of the 21st century. The last twenty years have been characterized by major technical and socio-economic experiments, as well as an abundant literature on economic perspectives and transformations in the social uses of music. This article offers a critical perspective on these mutations.

This article presents the results obtained in a qualitative study based on the experiences of professionals from two Chilean projects addressing Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC). Methodologically, this study consisted of semi-structured interviews of professionals paired with a group participation-based approach. Participants identified critical knots that stemmed from the difficulty or complexity of CSEC itself, and from the limitations and contradictions of the national child welfare and judicial systems. These points of contradiction produce ethical and emotional tensions, which the professional resolves using accommodations as well as resistances based on the Focus on Rights within these same systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trends in Education / Trendy ve Vzdělávání is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)