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The near-unlimited availability of CO2 has stimulated a growing research effort in creating value-added products from this greenhouse gas. This paper presents the trends on the most important methods used in the electrochemical synthesis of carboxylic acids from carbon dioxide. An overview is given of different substrate groups which form carboxylic acids upon CO2 fixation, including mechanistic considerations. While most work focuses on the electrocarboxylation of substrates with sacrificial anodes, this review considers the possibilities and challenges of implementing other synthetic methodologies. In view of potential industrial application, the choice of reactor setup, electrode type and reaction pathway has a large influence on the sustainability and efficiency of the process.

Abstract: We investigated the effect of counter electrode reaction on the coloration properties of phthalate-based electrochromic (EC) cells using various counter materials. Although the coloration characteristics of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) cells were improved using a counter material of ferrocene, an organic-based counter material could not endure the overload because of the high reduction potential of DMT. On the other hand, a DMT cell using an inorganic counter material showed good long-term switching stability. As a result, we achieved good switching stability over 5000 cycles for the phthalate-based EC cell with NiO as the counter material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The near-unlimited availability of CO2 has stimulated a growing research effort in creating value-added products from this greenhouse gas. This paper presents the trends on the most important methods used in the electrochemical synthesis of carboxylic acids from carbon dioxide. An overview is given of different substrate groups which form carboxylic acids upon CO2 fixation, including mechanistic considerations. While most work focuses on the electrocarboxylation of substrates with sacrificial anodes, this review considers the possibilities and challenges of implementing other synthetic methodologies. In view of potential industrial application, the choice of reactor setup, electrode type and reaction pathway has a large influence on the sustainability and efficiency of the process.