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Corrugated box is an important transport packaging container in the global logistics. The research on its raw material, that is, corrugated fibreboard, has always been an important topic in the packaging field. However, the research objects nearly focus on the corrugated fibreboard of traditional corrugated medium. The innovative research on the structure of corrugated fibreboard is also still rare. Since the pandemic COVID‐19 in 2020, the international corrugated packaging industry has faced new dilemma. The development of new corrugated boxes and fibreboard is the way to break the situation in innovation and transformation. This study aims to design a new fibreboard with laminated structure medium for obtaining a new type of corrugated fibreboard for packaging with better cushioning and anti‐vibration performance than traditional corrugated fibreboard. The verification experiments show that the new fibreboard has better recovery and structural stability due to its unique three‐layer structure. The static and dynamic cushioning performance and anti‐vibration performance of the proposed fibreboard have been greatly improved compared with those of the traditional one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrugated fibreboard was the dominated cushioning material before the advent of expanded plastic foams in the 1960s. With recent advances in packaging sustainability, the corrugated pads are again the research focus. This paper reviewed studies of corrugated fibreboard cushioning in areas of design and experimental evaluation. Since most of these research works were performed more than half a century ago, the historical data were reexamined and compared with the current practices. Previous and recent structure designs, represented by layered corrugated pads, tube, spring and zig‐zag components, were displayed and discussed. This study also reviewed studies investigating the crush resistance and cushion curves in hope to provide some practical guidance on prediction of cushioning performance. As an updated development by the author, this study presented cushion curves developed under three loading patterns, namely, column, underhang and overhang. Finally, the study pointed out that double dipping points and shift‐to‐right tendency on the cushion curves, as well as the long plateau on the stress–strain curves, are unique properties of corrugated fibreboard cushioning. Packaging engineers are suggested to factor in these properties in design for different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a functional requirement analysis, through Design for Manufacture and Assembly and Design for Environment principles, this paper aims at showing a new design method to improve the overall assembly features and environmental sustainability of a packaging solution. This method provides to rank functional requirements according to three different design specifications and also to the number of relationships they have with each other. At the same time, a ranked order of importance for the packaging parts has been realised, considering the number of performed functions. The purpose of this method is to support the designers in focusing their attention on the most important packaging parts and, at the same time, giving them a clear idea of which are the most important functional requirements to be satisfied. This study has been focused on domestic household packaging, but the provided method can be extended to any particular packaging solution and its findings are still valid. According to the Design for Environmental perspective, the actual and the new resulting packaging solutions have been then compared through Life Cycle Assessment method. The results have shown the new packaging solution being able to cut down the environmental impacts, on average, of approximately 30%.

The paper reports experimental research of loads (torques) that arise during cutting of corrugated fibreboard specimens by a movable cutting disc and immovable counter blades. The paper shows a method of corrugated fibreboard cutting based on the use of immovable counter blades and the cutting disc with reciprocating motion driven by electric engine. There has been designed and created experimental test bench for the research of corrugated fibreboard specimen cutting. The authors have used the strain gauge method for torque research that made possible to get their trustworthy values. The paper shows experimental research results that define technological parameters of corrugated fibreboard cutting by movable cutting disc, which minimise loads on main shaft. Results of experimental research give opportunity to get trustworthy and systematised information about torque values depending on type and thickness of the corrugated fibreboard and the influence of flute direction, cutting disc movement velocity and overlap size of tool during corrugated fibreboard cutting. The use of movable cutting disc in technological equipment for corrugated fibreboard cutting creates preconditions for high-quality manufacturing of large-sized packages from corrugated fibreboard, decreases overall dimensions and simplifies equipment design, minimises power discharge and packages manufacturing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a functional requirement analysis, through Design for Manufacture and Assembly and Design for Environment principles, this paper aims at showing a new design method to improve the overall assembly features and environmental sustainability of a packaging solution. This method provides to rank functional requirements according to three different design specifications and also to the number of relationships they have with each other. At the same time, a ranked order of importance for the packaging parts has been realised, considering the number of performed functions. The purpose of this method is to support the designers in focusing their attention on the most important packaging parts and, at the same time, giving them a clear idea of which are the most important functional requirements to be satisfied. This study has been focused on domestic household packaging, but the provided method can be extended to any particular packaging solution and its findings are still valid. According to the Design for Environmental perspective, the actual and the new resulting packaging solutions have been then compared through Life Cycle Assessment method. The results have shown the new packaging solution being able to cut down the environmental impacts, on average, of approximately 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding heat transfer in corrugated fibreboard is important to the design of more effective packaging for industries which involve the freezing and chilling of food. In this work the thermal conductivity of papers which compose corrugated fibreboard were measured and used to validate finite element models of heat transfer in fibreboard. The results showed paper to be highly anisotropic, with thermal conductivity in the machine and cross machine directions being almost an order of magnitude larger than in the thickness direction. The finite element models showed good agreement with experimental results and demonstrated that the majority of heat transfer in corrugated fibreboard is though the fluted medium. Based on the finite element models, simple models for the prediction of the thermal performance of corrugated board were evaluated and shown to be very effective in reproducing the results of the more complex finite element methods. These simple methods can be used to perform corrugated fibreboard design calculations, and the models with and without radiation can be used to provide estimates of the lower and upper bounds of the thermal resistance for a given board design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a technique to quantify morphological damage to flutes in corrugated fibreboard (CFB). The method involves laser cutting thin samples and analysing digital images of the flute profiles. The surface profiles of creased CFB before and after laser cutting were measured using fringe projection and showed that the sample preparation does not significantly affect the flute profile. After imaging the laser cut samples, skeleton analysis was used to derive a digitised profile of the flute shape. To characterise the level of damage to the flute profile, a similarity factor (SF) was introduced to quantify the relative difference between test sample and reference flute profiles. Validation of this analysis technique was done by generating known images of flute profile with variations that include distortions that could occur to CFB. These images were then fed into the skeleton analysis, and the results were compared with the original profile. This comparison showed good agreement between the initial and skeleton‐analysed flutes. A demonstration of the skeleton analysis on purposefully damaged actual CFB flute profiles shows that the SF reduces as the level of crushing increases, showing that the technique could be used to enumerate morphological damage to CFB during manufacture, conversion, and use. This research presents a way to quantify the morphological damage to the flutes in corrugated fibreboard. The process was done by introducing a variable called similarity factor (SF). Several validation works were presented for justification before demonstrating the application of the analysis on purposefully damaged corrugated fibreboard. The analysis showed that it has the potential to enumerate morphological damage to corrugated fibreboard during manufacturing, conversion, and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents some aspects related to the design of a trade fair stand, advertising a company specialized in the fabrication of corrugated fibre board packaging. The first section reviews shortly the main features of the industrial design. The second section deals with the structural conception of successful trade shows. Further, the importance of the package in the marketing matters is addressed. In this context corrugated fibreboard, as secondary or tertiary material is essential. In the final section, a comparison between two trade fair stands, representing a corrugated fibreboard company are presented.

The paper presents some aspects related to the design of a trade fair stand, advertising a company specialized in the fabrication of corrugated fibre board packaging. The first section reviews shortly the main features of the industrial design. The second section deals with the structural conception of successful trade shows. Further, the importance of the package in the marketing matters is addressed. In this context corrugated fibreboard, as secondary or tertiary material is essential. In the final section, a comparison between two trade fair stands, representing a corrugated fibreboard company are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A steady-state finite element model of moisture transport in corrugated fibreboard is presented and solved using experimentally determined values of moisture permeability in Kraft and recycled paperboard. The model shows reasonable agreement with experimentally measured moisture fluxes. The model also demonstrates that the majority of moisture flux occurs through the air phase. Simplified models based on the sum of resistances in series are shown to be in good agreement with the more complex finite element model and may have some practical utility in the design of packaging for specific applications where the internal moisture environment and/or structural integrity of the packaging is important. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DuraKit Shelters Inc. has developed a modular house for emergency, temporary or semi-permanent occupation that uses corrugated fibreboard as the main structural material. The houses are marketed internationally and so must resist tropical cyclone wind loadings.Two full-scale shelters, measuring 4.9 m×6.1 m in plan, were subjected to static forces equivalent to loads caused by wind acting normal to the ridge of the roof. Five areas of each full-size specimen were independently loaded using a large test facility built in 5 days on a rural outdoor site for a cost of approximately Cdn$8000.The testing illustrated strengths and weaknesses in the design and construction of both the shelter and the testing apparatus. The shelter generally performed well, but was susceptible to premature local failures in regions where tension was applied through the thickness of corrugated fibreboard panels or where the quality of construction was imperfect. The testing apparatus also generally performed well, once its connections to the specimen were modified to eliminate localized areas of high stress and the relatively large deformation of the specimen were accommodated. Failure of the second specimen initiated at the roof-to-wall connection of the windward wall when the applied load reached 73% of the pressures caused by tropical cyclone winds.Roof deflections observed on the full-scale shelter agree reasonably with those predicted using finite element analysis. The observed deflections were greater than the predicted values, and the discrepancy can be attributed to creep and other effects not considered in the finite element analysis. This suggests that finite element modeling is an appropriate tool for investigating the behaviour of corrugated fibreboard structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]