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This study analyses the evolving means of China's formal language policy on Putonghua and minority languages from 1986 to 2021. This paper identifies four stages based on the shifting focus between Putonghua and minority languages: status planning of the central government (1986–1990), balance via bilingual policy (1991–2000), strong Putonghua spread at all levels (2001–2011), and Putonghua promotion and minority language preservation (2012–2021). Through descriptive and corpus analysis of a self-constructed language policy database, for each stage, we explore the major means stated in policy documents by analysing keywords to explain policy changes with consideration of social conditions. The results show that China has continuously adjusted its formal language policy according to social changes, and that language planning in this emerging economy has been profoundly influenced by national strategy and government administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT and other LLMs are at the forefront of pedagogical considerations in classrooms across the academy. Many studies have spoken to the technology's capacity to generate one-off texts in a variety of genres. This study complements those by inquiring into its capacity to generate compelling texts at scale. In this study, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyze a small corpus of generated texts in two genres and gauge it against novice and published academic writers along known dimensions of linguistic variation. Theoretically, we position and historicize ChatGPT as a writing technology and consider the ways in which generated text may not be congruent with established trajectories of writing development in higher education. Our study found that generated texts are more informationally dense than authored texts and often read as dialogically closed, "empty," and "fluffy." We close with a discussion of potentially explanatory linguistic features, as well as relevant pedagogical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractResearch has revealed that critical thinking (CT) can predict undergraduate academic performance well. It is essential for nurturing students’ unique voice and creativity, especially in the era of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs can generate linguistically complex texts, potentially overshadowing students’ authorial voices—particularly those still developing language skills and domain-specific knowledge. Despite this, research on CT within subject education contexts remains scarce, leaving disciplinary lecturers’ expectations of CT in disciplinary writing largely unexplored. Our study analysed a 160,527-word corpus of lecturer feedback on 230 assignments from three education-related postgraduate programs to reveal their shared expectations of CT in disciplinary writing. We identified nine CT constructs, each illustrated with relevant feedback examples. Their intricate interrelationships were revealed through hierarchical cluster analyses. Drawing inspiration from Bloom’s Taxonomy, we established a CT taxonomy to guide effective and consistent assessment of CT. Further studies and practical applications of the CT taxonomy within local educational contexts are needed to develop students’ CT skills and empower them to retain their voice and creativity in an AI-empowered era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verb‐marking errors such as she play football and daddy singing are a hallmark feature of English‐speaking children's speech. We investigated the proposal that these errors are input‐driven errors of commission arising from the high relative frequency of subject + unmarked verb sequences in well‐formed child‐directed speech. We tested this proposal via a preregistered corpus analysis and asked at what level the effects occur: Is it the relative frequency of specific subject + unmarked verb sequences in the input that is important, or is it simply that verbs become entrenched, such that their frequency of appearance with any third person singular subject accounts for errors? We found that the best predictor of children's verb‐marking errors is the relative frequency of unmarked forms of specific subject + verb sequences. Our results supported the proposal that children's apparent omissions of certain grammatical morphemes are in fact input‐driven errors of commission and provided insight into the mechanisms by which this occurs. A one‐page Accessible Summary of this article in nontechnical language is freely available in the Supporting Information online and at https://oasis‐database.org. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research deals with the phenomenon of hedging language, mainly focusing on the context of spontaneous verbal interactions. The main aim of the study is to analyze the occurrence of hedges in English spoken discourse as captured in the Spoken British National Corpus 2014. The research process deals with the differences in the usage of approximators and shields existing among men and women across different age groups and levels of education. The research methodology involves creating six sub-corpora, measuring hedge dispersion, examining selected hedges to ascertain their hedging function within the context and calculating frequencies within each sub-corpus. The research outcomes point to the prevalence of shields in spoken discourse. Plausibility shields are commonly used while attribution shields show lower usage. Adaptors contribute to mitigating certainty in utterances, whereas rounders play a less prominent role. These findings emphasize the nuanced interplay between linguistic strategies and speaker characteristics in spoken communication and highlight the importance of cooperative principles in discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tackles hashtags as framing devices which shape public arguments and controversies in computer-mediated communication environments. It focuses on the use of the genocide hashtag on Twitter in the context of the Ukraine-Russia war. It proposes and showcases a methodology to surface how the semantic and discourse properties of the term genocide affect its framing properties as a hashtag which bears argumentative functions, directly or indirectly calling for action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous research studies addressing the differences in the use of lexical bundles in academic English by L1 and L2 writers interpret these differences as a deficiency or deviation that L2 writers need to eliminate. In this paper, we argue that this “deviant” use is not essentially the product of insufficient knowledge of English and/or Anglophone norms of academic writing but rather a transfer of the academic conventions of non-native speakers, rooted in their local culture. To confirm this hypothesis, we reviewed some previous studies and analyzed the use of lexical bundles in dissertations and research papers written in English by graduate and post-graduate students from Russia and Cameroon. The Russian corpus (38 texts of 576,186 words) was compiled from publicly available papers and dissertations written by bachelor’s and master’s students at the Higher School of Economics; the Cameroonian corpus (21 papers of 680,146 words) was compiled from papers contributed by students and teachers of the University of Yaoundé I. Using content analysis, corpus analysis, and the comparative method, we found that the most significant differences in the use of lexical bundles were connected with the peculiarities of the Russian and Cameroonian academic writing styles and cultural norms. Our study, therefore, reinforces the need to consider a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to the use of lexical bundles by L2 academic writers and take into account their diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It will expand our knowledge of the linguistic features of different varieties of English and provide a deeper understanding of academic traditions in different languages and cultures.

This study analyzes the usage of the verb membawa (lit. bring) in Indonesian light verb constructions (LVCs). LVCs are ubiquitous in many agglutinative languages, including Indonesian. These constructions offer a unique way of combining a semantically light verb, which lacks inherent meaning, with another element to convey a specific concept. For instance, membawa pesan (lit. bring a message), membawa kemenangan (lit. bring a victory), membawa perasaan (lit. bring the feeling), membawa perubahan (lit. bring the change), amongst others. This study utilized corpus-based techniques to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 150 LVCs from the Indonesian-Leipzig Corpora Collection (ILCC) corpus. The findings of the study revealed three key points. Firstly, LVCs demonstrated a wide range of morphological and semantic usage, including primary and advanced areas, synonymic pair, and noun core proposition areas. Secondly, the morphosemantic relationships between core nouns in LVCs could be identified in the relations between base-abstract (0.15), base-concrete (0.37), affixed-abstract (0.36), and affixed-concrete (0.13). Thirdly, constructions with synonymic pairs dominated the total LVCs (0.75). However, all LVCs demonstrated the core proposition of the noun, which varied between ‘peoples’ (0.23), ‘materials’ (0.19), ‘objects’ (0.13), ‘qualities’ (0.17), ‘actions’ (0.11), and ‘processes’ (0.17). The findings suggest that LVCs in Indonesian are not merely syntactic constructions but rather reflect the intricate relationships between the verb and the noun, which can be analyzed in terms of their semantic and morphological properties. These findings can be applied to areas such as machine translation and computational linguistics, where a comprehensive understanding of LVCs is essential for accurate and effective language processing. Further corpus-based study could focus on analyzing the syntax and discourse functions of LVCs membawa.

The article is devoted to the study of the verbalization specifics of professionally marked components of linguistic consciousness in popular-legal Internet discourse. On the basis of the analysis of approaches to the study of linguistic consciousness, the connection between the components of linguistic consciousness and linguistic means verbalizing its subject meanings is established. The specificity of professional linguistic consciousness, which is verbalized by professionally marked linguistic means, is revealed. The material of the study included the posts of online legal counselling sites, which serve as an example of popular-legal Internet discourse. The paper identifies the criteria that allow us to define popular-legal Internet discourse as a discourse of mixed type, which has certain features and characteristics, in particular, a specific choice of linguistic means, mixing of styles, and simplification of professional language. The author substantiates the use of linguistic means characteristic of popular-legal Internet discourse. The corpus, frequency and concordance analyses confirm the author’s hypothesis about the conditionality of a lawyer’s speech by professional language consciousness. It is established that professionally marked components of language consciousness in popular-legal Internet discourse are lexical and syntactic units that serve as a means of conveying specialized professional information, demonstrate the logic of presentation of legally significant information, despite the tendencies of simplification of the legal language. The article reveals the most frequently used linguistic means of popular legal Internet discourse, which provide storage and reproduction of lexical information and grammatical operations in speech and represent professionally marked components of linguistic consciousness in the studied type of discourse.

This study is a semantic analysis that examines the meanings of two contemporary Japanese labels, hikikomori and soushokukei-danshi. This duo has often been linked to the late marriage age, declining marriage rate, shoushika (low birth rate), and koureika (the aging society). The goal of this thesis is to define these individuals according to the perceptions of native Japanese speakers and to convey the definitions by using the reductive paraphrase methodology. Accordingly, cultural values reflected in the labels will be revealed. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach and corpus analysis are the chosen methodology. NSM is a universal mini metalanguage, while corpus analysis is a tool that can analyse data from online sources. Combined, these methods support the goal of delivering explications that reflect the labels from a Japanese perspective. Results from the study show that the values of Japanese society and the duos are at odds with one another, subsequently, fuelling the negative stigma directed towards both cohorts: Hikikomori are individuals who are emotionally withdrawn and bound to the house for the most part. Furthermore, their condition is something they feel they cannot change so easily; and Soushokukei-danshi are young men who are uninterested in romance or attaining stereotypical male positions in the workforce. Moreover, they would rather invest time in their hobbies. Through this study, a better comprehension of what these words mean is acquired.

Melodies are full of repeated patterns of pitch, interval, and rhythm. It has been suggested that these repeated patterns aid the listener in creating an efficient encoding; this raises the possibility that compositional practice might have evolved to facilitate this process. I propose three specific hypotheses about compositional practice: 1) Repeated intervallic patterns tend to be metrically parallel, with each instance of the pattern falling at the same position in relation to the metrical structure; 2) Purely intervallic repetitions tend to be confined to short distances (longer-distance repetitions tend to involve repetition of scale-degrees as well); 3) Repeated intervallic patterns tend to involve multiple intervals rather than single ones. In each case, I explain how such a compositional strategy might facilitate efficient encoding. Corpus analyses of classical themes and European folk songs find support for all three hypotheses.

This study identifies the vocabulary usage patterns of Korean heritage language learners. We analyzed the interlanguage of the Korean heritage language learners and examined their vocabulary usage patterns, especially the major content keywords being used at their respective proficiency levels. The Korean Learner's Corpus from the National Institute of Korean Language is used for the data analysis. We found that as the heritage language learners' proficiency increases, low-frequency (high-level) vocabulary is often used as the keywords and the semantic vocabulary areas expand from daily to social to specialized fields. It is therefore confirmed that the vocabulary use of Korean heritage language learners develops as their proficiency increases. This study confirms the development of Korean vocabulary in Korean heritage language learners and exemplifies how corpus-based applied linguistic research and computer science can be integrated using a keyword extraction algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous studies have investigated the productivity of the better construction (in the forms had better, ’d better and better) in British and US English (USE), to present knowledge, no large‐scale comparisons on the use of this construction in other English dialects have been carried out. The present paper aims to address the existing research gap by exploring the synchronic use and grammaticalization rate of better in 20 world Englishes. The analysis of corpus data reveals that better is more grammaticalized in USE than in British English, and even more in Singapore English (SgE) data, where the construction seems to be more grammaticalized than in any other dialect. The hypothesis of a functional need in SgE for deontic better is tested. It is shown why SgE ‘needs’ alternative deontic constructions in a modal system where (semi‐)modals of necessity have been shown to express higher rates of ‘dynamic’ modality than in other dialects. The substrate reinforcement from a parallel construction in Mandarin is presented as a potential driving factor justifying the selection of better as a deontic marker in this particular variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwan’s handling of COVID-19 has been seen as a success. Nevertheless, little is known about how the government has considered migrants in its COVID-19 policies. Using a corpus analysis of the legislative speeches of the Taiwanese policymakers between 2020 and 2022, we investigate how migrants are represented in Taiwan’s COVID-19 strategy. Our findings show that policymakers inadequately consider migrants when drawing up emergency measures and restrictions, despite making up of 6.3 per cent of the population. Our findings illustrate that policymakers focus more on migrant workers than migrant spouses and that policymakers demonize migrant workers and victimize migrant spouses. As COVID-19 does not differentiate based on nationality and constituents would want migrants to be represented for their own safety, the study demonstrates how policymakers may accommodate a diverse population beyond their constituents in crises and illuminates ways to create an inclusive society where non-citizens’ health and safety are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the idea of the Anthropocene originated in the earth sciences, there have been increasing calls for questions about the Anthropocene to be addressed by pan-disciplinary groups of researchers from across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. We use data analysis techniques from corpus linguistics to examine academic texts about the Anthropocene from these disciplinary families. We read the data to suggest that barriers to a broadly interdisciplinary study of the Anthropocene are high, but we are also able to identify some areas of common ground that could serve as interdisciplinary bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the continuity of reading passages from high school mock College Scholastic Ability Test (CAST) English exams across grade levels was investigated using Coh-Metrix. A corpus consisting of 525 reading passages, evenly distributed with 175 passages from each high school grade level, was compiled from the 2017-2023 mock CSAT English exams administered by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. Coh-Metrix measures included basic counts, word frequencies, word features, lexical diversity, personal pronouns, connectives, standard readability, syntactic complexity, coreference, and semantic cohesion indices. The analysis revealed significant differences among grade levels in the reading passages of the mock CSAT English exams in measures such as word counts, average word and sentence length, nouns, age of acquisition, second person pronouns, standard readability, and subject density indices. These findings highlight the potential for refining the design and construction of reading passages in mock CSAT exams to better prepare students for the linguistic challenges presented in the actual high-stakes CSAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a descriptive study, this article examines the significance of stylistic analysis in observing fiction, focusing on the use of foreshadowing. The author investigates the potential overuse of foreshadowing in selected modern cultural novels and analyses its impact on the plot and the suspense of the readers. The study examines the use of foreshadowing to deconstruct the difficulty novelists face in crafting immaculate works. It concludes that foreshadowing is an integral part of any literary work, regardless of its type or genre, and that it cannot be restricted to particular words. Furthermore, the "tense" factor in most modern works is not fixed or regulated due to the overuse of the flashback technique. The discussion examines Mr. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce. Mrs. Dalloway's linguistic variables demonstrate that foreshadowing predominates the plot, as Woolf's foreshadowing lexis continually alludes to Septimus and Clarissa's plight. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man heavily uses concrete lexemes to foreshadow Daedalus‘ evolution, whereas Mrs. Dalloway focuses on speech and abstract lexemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the metaphors used to depict corrupt individuals in the context of the Jordanian Hirak protest movement during the Arab Spring (2011–2012). This analysis was conducted using the lens of a Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) approach. To this end, a specialized corpus of socio-political articles was built from two mainstream Jordanian newspapers: Al-Rai and Addustour. The corpus was examined using WordSmith Tools, which support Arabic data. The study reveals that several source domains were employed to represent corrupt individuals in the Jordanian socio-political discourse, namely, disease, organisms, warfare, nature, supernatural creatures, meal/kitchen, machine, fire and journey. The metaphors employed represent the great wrath of Jordanians toward widespread corruption and its effects on Jordanians and the nation at large. Additionally, these metaphors highlight Jordanians’ steadfast commitment to combatting corruption and holding those responsible for it accountable, both of which have been elevated to the top of their priority list. The study concludes that the use of negative metaphors to describe corrupt individuals in Jordanian socio-political discourse demonstrates the significant expansion of Jordanians’ freedom of expression in the backdrop of the Jordanian Hirak protest movement during the Arab Spring.

Dependency distance (DD) is an important factor in language processing and can affect the ease with which a sentence is understood. Previous studies have investigated the role of DD in L2 writing, but little is known about how the native language influences DD in L2 academic writing. This study is probably the first one that investigates, though a large dataset of over 400 million words, whether the native language of L2 writers influences the DD in their academic writings. Using a dataset of over 2.2 million abstracts of articles downloaded from Scopus in the fields of Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences, the study analyzes the DD patterns, parsed by the latest version of the syntactic parser Stanford Corenlp 4.5.5, in the academic writing of L2 learners from different language backgrounds. It is found that native languages influence the DD of English L2 academic writings. When the mean dependency distance (MDD) of native languages is much longer than that of native English, the MDD of their English L2 academic writings will be much longer than that of English native academic writings. The findings of this study will deepen our insights into the influence of native language transfer on L2 academic writing, potentially shaping pedagogical strategies in L2 academic writing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a new classification of translation policy by referring to Baldauf's (2006) framework of language planning. It constructs a policy database containing 363 policy documents issued on the Chinese mainland from 1979 to 2021, and analyzes the features of each policy category by integrating corpus analysis with text analysis. It is revealed that policy documents on translation education aim to train professional translators with standard national tests and postgraduate programs; policy documents on translation profession are committed to improving the professional title system for translators and interpreters; policy documents on translation standardization are supported by national standards and cover various stakeholders and fields; and policy documents on official translation projects aim to disseminate Chinese culture, provide language services for international events, and organize minority language translation. With these findings, this study contributes to research on translation policy with new knowledge about China and a novel perspective, classification, and approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpus linguistics investigates language using extensive text databases. Tools assist researchers in analyzing, extracting, and interpreting linguistic information efficiently. Furthermore, if researchers only use traditional tools in corpus linguistic analysis, they will lack the comprehensiveness and efficiency required to effectively navigate and derive valuable insights from language data. This paper employed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach to find the primary data based on a few keywords in corpus linguistic, corpus analysis, computational linguistic, text corpora and tool support. Based on this method, we used advanced searching techniques on Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) and discovered (N=28) data pertinent to the study. Expert scholars decide on a theme based on the problem, which is (i) types of corpus tools and their uses; (ii) their contributions and their capabilities, and (iii) limitations of corpus tools. All the tools were used in interdisciplinary studies. In summary, this systematic review uncovers pivotal key findings at the intersection of computational tools and corpus analysis, enriching linguistic knowledge. It highlights the interdisciplinary potential of corpusbased analysis in advancing linguistic tools and, their applications, as well as language analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated gender representation in English textbooks from Classes 6 to 10 in Bangladesh, using corpus analysis. AntConc, a textual analysis tool, was used to quantify the occurrence of gender-related lexical items in resources. The corpus comprises approximately 147,698 tokens distributed across the four textbooks. The results revealed significant disparities in the distribution of male- and female-associated lexical items. Here, male-related words occurred 1,958 times (1.33 %), whereas female-related words occurred 1,165 times (0.79 %). The highest imbalance ratio (0.94 %) was found in textbooks of class 6 having male represented words (1.95%) and female represented words (1.01%). This male-dominated gender disproportion appeared in the other three textbooks at different ratios, which may reflect Bangladesh's cultural and societal norms. These distinctive and male-centred gender-biased textbooks may have an impact on students' perceptions of gender roles and societal expectations. The findings of this corpus analysis predict how much textbook content may affect female students' sense of inclusion and their collective consciousness of gender rights. Finally, it recommends ensuring gender equality and inclusion in the textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandarin has a low rate of overtly expressed arguments in all syntactic functions without agreement marking on the verb. It has been claimed that Mandarin exhibits higher rates of zero arguments than other languages. Most previous work has compared Mandarin with English, while comparison with other languages remains a desideratum. This study compares Mandarin with seven languages (Cypriot Greek, English, Northern Kurdish, Sanzhi, Teop, Tondano, Vera'a) taken from Multi-CAST (Haig & Schnell 2019). Results suggest that while Mandarin exhibits more zero arguments than pronouns, this is not unique, with e.g. Cypriot Greek having a higher rate of zero arguments. In addition, a relatively stable rate of lexical expressions can be found across languages, relativising Mandarin's unique position with regard to referential choice even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a semantic analysis that examines the meanings of two contemporary Japanese labels, hikikomori and soushokukei-danshi. This duo has often been linked to the late marriage age, declining marriage rate, shoushika (low birth rate), and koureika (the aging society). The goal of this article is to define these individuals according to the perceptions of native Japanese speakers and to convey the definitions by using the reductive paraphrase methodology. Accordingly, cultural values reflected in the labels will be revealed. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach and corpus analysis are the chosen methodology. NSM is a universal mini metalanguage, while corpus analysis is a tool that can analyse data from online sources. Combined, these methods support the goal of delivering explications that reflect the labels from a Japanese perspective. Results from the study show that the values of Japanese society and the duos are at odds with one another, subsequently, fuelling the negative stigma directed towards both cohorts: Hikikomori are individuals who are emotionally withdrawn and bound to the house for the most part. Furthermore, their condition is something they feel they cannot change so easily; and Soushokukei-danshi are young men who are uninterested in romance or attaining stereotypical male positions in the workforce. Moreover, they would rather invest time in their hobbies. Through this study, a better comprehension of what these words mean is acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of phonological contrast traditionally invoke a binary distinction between unpredictable lexically stored phonemes and contextually predictable allophones, whose patterning reveals speakers' knowledge about their native language. This paper explores the complexity of contrasts among Italian mid vowels from a multifaceted perspective considering the lexicon, linguistic structure, usage, and regional variety. The Italian mid vowels are marginally contrastive due to a scarcity of minimal pairs alongside variation in phonetic realization. The analysis considers corpus data, which indicate that the marginal contrasts among front vowels vs. back vowels are driven by different sources and forces. Functional loads are low; while front /e ɛ/ have the weakest lexical contrast among all Italian vowels, back /o ɔ/ are separated by somewhat more minimal pairs. Among stressed front vowels, height is predicted by syllable structure and is context-dependent in some Italian varieties. Meanwhile, the height of back mid vowels is predicted by lexical frequency, in line with expectations of phonetic reduction in high-frequency contexts. For both front and back vowels, the phonetic factor of duration predicts vowel height, especially in closed syllables, suggesting its use for contrast enhancement. The results have implications for a proposed formalization of Italian mid vowel variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical data poses unique challenges to natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR) tools, including digitization errors, lack of annotated data, and diachronic-specific issues. However, the increasing recognition of the value in historical documents has promoted efforts to semantically enrich and optimize their analysis. This article contributes to this endeavour by enriching the Corpus de Textos Antigos through NLP tools and techniques to enhance its usability and support research. The corpus undergoes linguistic annotation, including part-of-speech tagging, lemma annotation and named entity recognition (NER). Subsequently, the article delves into the tasks of entity disambiguation and entity linking, which involve identifying and disambiguating named entities by referring to a knowledge base (KB). Addressing the challenges posed by factors such as text state, epoch and the chosen KB, the article presents insights into related work, annotation results and the linguistic interest of a medieval annotated corpus for named entities. It concludes by discussing the challenges and providing avenues for future research in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article aims to explore how the mapping strategies between user requirements expressed by the humanities researchers lead to a better customization of user-driven digital humanities tools and to the creation of innovative functionalities, which can directly affect the way of doing research in a digital context. Design/methodology/approach: It describes the user-driven development of a tool that helps researchers in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of large textbook collections. Findings: This article presents an exemplary user journey map, which shows the different steps of the digital transformation process and how the humanities researchers are involved for (1) producing innovative research solutions, comprehensive and personalized reports, and (2) customizing access to content data used for the analysis of digital documents. The article is based on a case study on a German textbooks collection and content analysis functionalities. Originality/value: The focus of this article is the reiterative research process, in which humanists (from the human centred point of view) starts from an initial research question, using quantitative and qualitative data and develops both the research question and the answers to it by with the aim to find patterns in the content and structure of educational media. Thus, from the viewpoint of digital transformation the humanist is part of the interaction between digitization and digitalization processes, where he/she uses digital data, metadata, reports and findings created and supported by the digital tools for research analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the grant proposal tend to conflate academic research grant proposals with other kinds of nonprofit grant proposal genres, even though research and nonprofit grant proposals have different audiences and goals. To address this gap, this study draws on the Aristotelian concept of topoi (or typical arguments) and uses corpus analysis, interview, and coding methods to answer the question, what topoi distinguish the academic research and nonprofit grant proposal genres? Findings suggest key differences in the topoi that research and nonprofit proposals use to advocate for problems and outcomes, set goals, and establish credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores a dataset of Covid-related terms drawn from the Coronavirus Corpus (2020) in order to examine the impact of the crisis on language development in terms of novel words employed in popularisation discourse, namely online newspapers and magazines. The primary goals of the study are (1) to establish the stability, recognition and reusability of Covid-19 novel words (i.e. whether they are proper neologisms or nonce words), and (2) to investigate their main functions and effects. Results from a discourse-based analysis show that, on the one hand, new compounds (e.g. Covid-free) and regularly derived words (e.g. post-Covid) are used to disseminate information about the Covid-19 crisis to laymen and non-specialists. On the other hand, novel blends and similar creative words (e.g. coronapocalypse from ‘coronavirus’ and ‘apocalypse’) often have the function of breaking the tensions created by a difficult, even catastrophic scenario, but may also be used in the context of hate speech, to criticise or attack others, such as people ignoring stay-at-home orders and public health measures.

As a descriptive study, this article examines the significance of stylistic analysis in observing fiction, focusing on the use of foreshadowing. The author investigates the potential overuse of foreshadowing in selected modern cultural novels and analyses its impact on the plot and the suspense of the readers. The study examines the use of foreshadowing to deconstruct the difficulty novelists face in crafting immaculate works. It concludes that foreshadowing is an integral part of any literary work, regardless of its type or genre, and that it cannot be restricted to particular words. Furthermore, the "tense" factor in most modern works is not fixed or regulated due to the overuse of the flashback technique. The discussion examines Mr. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce. Mrs. Dalloway's linguistic variables demonstrate that foreshadowing predominates the plot, as Woolf's foreshadowing lexis continually alludes to Septimus and Clarissa's plight. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man heavily uses concrete lexemes to foreshadow Daedalus’ evolution, whereas Mrs. Dalloway focuses on speech and abstract lexemes.

Spanish, like many other Romance and non-Romance languages, shows Differential Object Marking (DOM), i.e., some direct objects are morphologically marked by the prepositional marker a ‘to’, while others remain unmarked. The literature has proposed different sentential parameters in order to capture this variation (Fábregas 2013, among others), including topicality (see Leonetti 2004, Iemmolo 2010, among others). In addition, Laca (1995: 82f.) has argued that DOM also depends on discourse properties. She assumes that in Spanish the use of DOM with an indefinite direct object signals that more information about this object referent is to be expected in the upcoming discourse (see also Comrie 1981/1989). First empirical evidence for this hypothesis comes from DOM in Romanian (Chiriacescu & von Heusinger 2010). In this paper we explore the hypothesis that, in Spanish, human indefinite direct objects with DOM show more forward-looking potential than those without DOM. We present original results from two corpus studies and two paragraph continuation tasks. The corpus studies provide support for the discourse effect of DOM, while the paragraph continuation tasks do not, which might be due to the particular design of our experimental items. We evaluate the different parameters that contribute to the discourse prominence of a direct object with DOM and those that might mask such effects. We conclude that there is evidence that DOM contributes to discourse prominence, but that further studies are necessary.

This paper explores the frequency and types of metaphors in the judgments of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. For this purpose, a specialized corpus, Corpus of Legal Discourse in Pakistan (COLD), was built from the selected judgements of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Subsequently, COLD was analyzed for metaphor identification using a triangulation of techniques including those applied by Charteris-Black (2004), MIP (Metaphor Identification Procedure) by Pragglejaz Group (2007) and MIPVU (a modified version of MIP developed at Vrije Universiteit) by Steen et al. (2010). The method involved both quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine the frequency and types of metaphors in COLD. As a result, it was found that 13.60% of COLD consisted of metaphors, with prepositions making the dominant word class of all metaphorically used words, followed by verbs and nouns. The prominent source domains identified in COLD included ‘physical objects’, ‘space’, ‘humans’ and ‘journeys’, along with several other minor domains. Several of the findings are consistent with previous research on the topic.

Corporations and stock exchanges are considered the "heart of capitalism" because they are responsible for the creation of inventions, new technologies, and entire industries in the past two centuries, and thus, through their actions, have significantly supported technological and social progress. Since the second half of the 19th century, German corporations have played the role of a pillar of the German economy and Germany has become one of the most economically developed European countries. Despite its economic importance, the German corporate language, as a segment of Business German (German: Wirtschaftsdeutsch), has not been significantly researched. This corpus linguistics paper presents the results of diachronic research of multi-word expressions in the annual reports of corporations from the three most important DAX Prime Standard indices, created by the German Stock Exchange (German: Deutsche Börse) from Frankfurt am Main – DAX, MDAX, and S-DAX. The subject of the linguistic analysis is the annual reports of 11 German corporations for the fiscal years 1997 and 2022. The results of the analysis show changes in the lexicon in the German corporate language over the past 25 years and can be a stimulus for further corpus research in that area. The results of the research can also have pedagogical implications because they can be used to create various types of lexical exercises in Business German classes, which contain the latest vocabulary from that field.

With the rapid development of Internet communication and digital technologies, government can create and share travel information through social media. The purpose of this study is to understand how tourism attraction is constructed by government departments on the social media and how social media users perceive these tourism attractions. The technique of text corpus was utilized to analyze the posting messages elected from Tainan City Government’s Facebook page─@traveltainan. The research results reveal that 10 types of tourism attraction were identified. In addition, the interactive responses on @traveltainan were also examined in terms of “likes,” “comments,” and “shares.” The findings and suggestions are proposed for future studies and implementations about tourism policy and planning in the local area. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

The following is a commentary of David Temperley's article on melodic pattern repetition and encoding. The article advances our understanding of patterns that could foster efficient encoding of melodies in Western tonal music. The research has room to grow in the theoretical context and provides opportunities for experimental work to test its predictions.

Like biological species, words in language must compete to survive. Previously, it has been shown that language changes in response to cognitive constraints and over time becomes more learnable. Here, we use two complementary research paradigms to demonstrate how the survival of existing word forms can be predicted by psycholinguistic properties that impact language production. In the first study, we analyzed the survival of words in the context of interpersonal communication. We analyzed data from a large-scale serial-reproduction experiment in which stories were passed down along a transmission chain over multiple participants. The results show that words that are acquired earlier in life, more concrete, more arousing, and more emotional are more likely to survive retellings. We reason that the same trend might scale up to language evolution over multiple generations of natural language users. If that is the case, the same set of psycholinguistic properties should also account for the change of word frequency in natural language corpora over historical time. That is what we found in two large historical-language corpora (Study 2): Early acquisition, concreteness, and high arousal all predict increasing word frequency over the past 200 y. However, the two studies diverge with respect to the impact of word valence and word length, which we take up in the discussion. By bridging micro-level behavioral preferences and macro-level language patterns, our investigation sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying word competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains conceptual modeling within the framework of Frame-Based Terminology (Faber, 2012; 2015; 2022), as applied to EcoLexicon (ecolexicon.ugr.es), a specialized knowledge base on the environment (León-Araúz, Reimerink &, Faber, 2019; Faber & León-Araúz, 2021). It describes how a frame-based terminological resource is currently being restructured and reengineered as an initial step towards its formalization and subsequent transformation into an ontology. It also explains how the information in EcoLexicon can be integrated in environmental ontologies such as ENVO (Buttigieg, Morrison, Smith, Mungall & Lewis, 2013; Buttigieg, Pafilis, Lewis, Schildhauer, Walls & Mungall, 2016), particularly at the bottom tiers of the Ontology Learning Layer Cake (Cimiano, 2006; Cimiano, Maedche, Staab & Volker, 2009). The assumption is that frames, as a conceptual modeling tool, and information extracted from corpora can be used to represent the conceptual structure of a specialized domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly cited papers showcase high-quality research and encompass significant themes in the field. This study examined a total of 435 highly cited papers based on Essential Citation Indicators in the Web of Science (WoS) category of sport sciences with a bibliometric method. In particular, the bibliometric indicators of the highly cited papers including publication venues, authors, countries, institutions, and the top cited publications were presented and analyzed in detail. An Abstract corpus was constructed to help identify the most frequently explored topics. VOSviewer was employed to visualize the co-occurrence networks of keywords. The study revealed the trending information of important contributors at the levels of journals, authors, countries, and institutes. The top cited publications can be grouped into three categories: guidelines, recommendations based on systematic reviews, and evaluations. The most frequently explored topics based on the Abstract corpus and the most frequently used keywords from VOSviewer mapping overlap to a great extent. Specifically, topics such as meta-analysis, systematic review, sport-related concussion, sedentary behavior, football, rehabilitation, and osteoarthritis are among the most frequently mentioned. The results provide the most updated publication characteristics and hot topics of highly cited papers in sport sciences and offer insights for academic researchers in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Lexical bundles are recurrent multiword combinations and often function as discourse building blocks. Lexical bundles have been analysed in university students' writing to detect linguistic errors, measure writing competence, and investigate the divergence between L1 and L2 writing. Few studies, however, have focused on the high-stakes genre of PhD thesis and investigated the bundle productions of the same genre within the same level and discipline. This paper compares sentence initial lexical bundles in the corpora of English theses written by Chinese and New Zealand PhD students in the discipline of General and Applied Linguistics. Forty-six bundles from a Chinese corpus and forty-two bundles from a New Zealand corpus were generated. Among them, 94% of sentence initial bundles were identified as metadiscursive bundles. Chinese and New Zealand doctoral students showed considerably different preferences in their bundle selection. The paper examines the possible impact of these preferences and suggests there is a need to extend the metadiscourse knowledge of doctoral students in terms of lexical bundles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted educational institutions worldwide. This study aimed to examine how students constructed discourses about COVID-19 and related terms in their cause-and-effect essays. The sample consisted of 89 essays written by English majors at a large public university in Northern Thailand who completed the English Essay Writing course. This study employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as the main theoretical framework in which texts were analyzed by using a combination of corpus and content analyses. The findings revealed that students did not explicitly provide a definition of the term "COVID-19" in their essays at the lexical level, but the implications were inferred based on content word selection. The discourses surrounding COVID-19 were classified into four main categories: economy, health, government, and education. In addition to the main discourses, the essays highlighted the concept of global citizenship, as students expressed their opinions about the government as citizens, calling for practical actions to address the challenges faced during the pandemic. In addition to describing these challenges, the essays also reflected a discourse of hope, implying positive psychological responses to the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of the political discourse of Great Britain and the United States, in particular the study of the speech style of the leaders, the context and the role of the media in the formation of public opinion. Methods. The study employs the method of analysis of lexical units, the linguistic method of field structures, and the method of stylistic analysis of markers. Standard methods of mathematical statistics were used, as well as Cronbach's alpha to check the reliability of the research methods. Conclusions. The study reveals the importance of the media's role in political discourse, especially in the dissemination of political interviews and their public perception. A comparison of UK and US political discourse reveals both similarities and differences in the communication of political leaders, and helps analyse each country's response to common challenges and issues. Prospects. Further research could focus on gendered aspects of political speech, including the analysis of the gender's role in shaping political discourse and identifying gender stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]