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An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense driven by oxidative stress and inflammation is a critical factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a culinary plant in the Apiaceae family, displays various biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Herein, neuroprotective properties of three major bioactive compounds derived from coriander (i.e., linalool, linalyl acetate, and geranyl acetate) were investigated on hydrogen peroxide-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell death by examining cell viability, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptotic profiles. Moreover, underlying mechanisms of the compounds were determined by measuring intracellular sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) enzyme activity incorporated with molecular docking. The results showed that linalool, linalyl acetate, and geranyl acetate elicited their neuroprotection against oxidative stress via protecting cell death, reducing ROS production, preventing cell apoptosis, and modulating SIRT1 longevity. Additionally, in silico pharmacokinetic predictions indicated that these three compounds are drug-like agents with a high probability of absorption and distribution, as well as minimal potential toxicities. These findings highlighted the potential neuroprotective linalool, linalyl acetate, and geranyl acetate for developing alternative natural compound-based neurodegenerative therapeutics and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Genetic diversity of the different origin genotypes is one of the most important topics to evaluate the desired properties and select high-yield genotypes. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant native to the Mediterranean region, Western Europe, and Asia that belongs to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. The fruits and essential oils of coriander are used for spice, folk remedies, perfumery, food, tobacco, soft and alcoholic beverages, and pharmaceutical industries in the different parts of the world. The yield and some quality characteristics of coriander genotypes of different origins should be investigated for the breeding program. In this study, both phenotypic, morphological, and yield values showed wide variations. Also, some analyses, such as cluster, heat map, and PCA analyses, revealed important results for the coriander genotypes. In this study, 119 different coriander genotypes (38 different countries), including 114 genotypes and five cultivars, were undertaken to characterize the genotypes based on phenotypic, morphological, yield, and International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) properties, along with some chemical properties. The yield components were between 1.34 and 21.49 g for thousand-grain weight, 0.02–9.58 g/plant for fruit yield, 0.01–50.78 g/plant for biological yield, and 8.48–73.36% for harvest index. Similarly, the results of this study revealed significant variations in essential oil (0.05–1.86%v/w) and fixed oil content (10.22–34.03%v/w). The main components of the essential oil were determined as linalool (3.13–45.70%v/v), p-cymene (0.10–15.77%v/v), ɣ-terpinene (0.04–13.80%v/v), while the fixed oil main acids were determined as petroselinic (24.47–87.70%v/v), palmitic (7.13–23.04%v/v), elaidic (1.55–47.44%v/v), and behenic acids (3.17–12.56%v/v). The cluster, heat map, correlation, and principal coordinate (PCA) analyses were conducted to determine the genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes based on the examined properties. The cluster and heat map analyses showed differences in the same origin genotypes. Petroselinic acid was the major contributing factor for PCA. As a result of this study, Ames 13900 and Ames 18595 genotypes had high values for fruit yield, fixed oil content, and essential oil content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coriandrum sativum L. (CSL) seed extract on gingival levels of antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and on alveolar bone and attachment levels after experimental periodontitis induction in rats and compare it with low-dose doxycycline (LDD). Forty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided randomly into 5 groups as follows: 1 = periodontally healthy (control); 2 = periodontitis; 3 = periodontitis + CSL (32 mg/kg); 4 = periodontitis + CSL (200 mg/kg); and 5 = periodontitis + LDD (6 mg/kg). Gingival superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1βeta (IL-1β) immunoreactivity was detected immunohistochemically. Alveolar bone area in the furcation space (ABA), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and attachment loss (AL) were evaluated histomorphometrically. The SOD level was lower in group 5 than in groups 2, 3, and 4. The IL-1β level was highest in group 4. The TNF-α level was statistically higher in groups 2 and 4 than in groups 1, 3, and 5. The IL-6 level was highest in group 4. Its level was higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 5. ABA was less in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to groups 1 and 5. ABL was less in group 5 than in groups 2, 3, and 4. AL was greater in group 4 than in group 5. The use of 200 mg/kg CSL showed a pro-inflammatory effect and IL-1β and TNF-α levels decreased after 32 mg/kg CSL application in the treatment of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In plant production, evaluation of salt stress protectants concerning their potential to improve growth and productivity under saline stress is critical. Bacillus subtilis (Bs) and cobalt (Co) have been proposed to optimize salt stress tolerance in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. cv. Balady) plants by influencing some physiological activities. The main aim of this work is to investigate the response of (Bs) and (Co) as eco-safe salt stress protectants to resist the effect of salinity, on growth, seed, and essential oil yield, and the most important biochemical constituents of coriander produced under salt stress condition. Therefore, in a split-plot factorial experiment design in the RCBD (randomized complete block design), four levels of salinity of NaCl irrigation water (SA) were assigned to the main plots; (0.5, 1.5, 4, and 6 dS m−1); and six salt stress protectants (SP) were randomly assigned to the subplots: distilled water; 15 ppm (Co1); 30 ppm (Co2); (Bs); (Co1 + Bs); (Co2 + Bs). The study concluded that increasing SA significantly reduced coriander growth and yield by 42.6%, which could be attributed to ion toxicity, oxidative stress, or decreased vital element content. From the results, we recommend that applying Bs with Co (30 ppm) was critical for significantly improving overall growth parameters. This was determined by the significant reduction in the activity of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-enzyme: proline by 5, 11.3, 14.7, and 13.8% respectively, while increasing ascorbic acid by 8% and preserving vital nutrient levels and enhancing plant osmotic potential to buffer salt stress, seed yield per plant, and essential oil yield increased by 12.6 and 18.8% respectively. The quality of essential oil was indicated by highly significant quantities of vital biological phytochemicals such as linalool, camphor, and protein which increased by 10.3, 3.6, and 9.39% respectively. Additional research is suggested to determine the precise mechanism of action of Bs and Co's dual impact on medicinal and aromatic plant salt stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbs and spices, with their wealth of bioactive compounds, are widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Among them, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is particularly valued for its medicinal and culinary properties. Growing consumer and industrial interest in natural products has led to the development of modern, environmentally friendly extraction techniques designed to improve the yield and quality of extracts while reducing time, energy, and solvent consumption. These processes make it possible to obtain optimal quantities of active compounds, thereby meeting the growing demand for plant-based products. After showing evidence of coriander's health benefits, this review summarizes research findings on the impact of some treatments and pretreatments on its phytochemical composition. After that, it summarizes different aspects of the use of conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques for coriander's bioactive constituents, mainly polyphenols and crude and essential oils (EO). Among these methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE/MAHD) emerges as one of the most efficient methods, offering higher yields, better-quality extracts, and a significant reduction in energy costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: High-fat diets contribute to oxidative stress and trigger cellular senescence through an imbalance in reactive oxygen species. The potential of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed, known for its therapeutic properties against oxidative stress and senescence in obese hearts, has been relatively unexplored. Aims: To evaluate the impact of ethanol-based C. sativum seed extract on oxidative stress, antioxidant levels, and senescence parameters in the hearts of obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Twenty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, fed different diets for 24 weeks, and received C. sativum extract treatment for 12 weeks. This experiment assessed malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker, antioxidant level by measuring catalase and glutathione (GSH), cellular senescence state by measuring senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and p21 levels in heart tissue. Results: C. sativum seed extract demonstrated a significant reduction in MDA levels in the hearts of obese rats when compared to the control groups. Furthermore, the extract led to a significant increase in catalase and GSH levels in the hearts of non-obese rats, whether on a normal or high-fat diet. Although the C. sativum-treated groups exhibited a downward trend in senescence markers (SA-β-Gal and p21), the observed differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Ethanol-based C. sativum seed extract exhibited promising potential in mitigating oxidative stress in the hearts of obese rats and enhancing antioxidant levels in the hearts of non-obese rats subjected to both normal and high-fat diets. This underscores the preventive role of C. sativum seed extract in alleviating oxidative stress, particularly in the context of a high-fat diet. However, there was insufficient evidence to conclusively demonstrate a significant improvement in cellular senescence with the use of ethanol-based C. sativum seed extract.

Seed crushing is one of the main technological operations [1] in the process of obtaining essential and fatty oils, on which their yield and quality depend [2]. Improving the process of preparation for the extraction of coriander seeds by selective cryodesintegration and creating technological lines of various productivity is of significant importance and relevance. However, modern methods and means of cryodesintegration of coriander seeds require research and improvement. The process of seed grinding is divided into three phases [3]: elastic deformation, which occurs from the beginning of the action of the applied force on the material being ground until the elastic limit is reached and is accompanied by compaction and compression of the structural aggregates of the seeds; plastic deformation, which occurs from the moment of the beginning of the shift of individual elements of the material relative to each other and is characterized by the relative displacement of the structural aggregates of the seed kernel, as a result of which the material is compacted and flattened; destruction of the material with the formation of a free surface of particles. The main parameter of the process of cryodesintegration of coriander seeds is subject to theoretical justification - normal pressure, leading to deformation, where the pressure on the seeds exceeds their tensile strength, but there is no appearance of oil on the surface of the opened seeds. This prevents oil loss and contamination of the working parts, especially with essential oils. Monitoring theoretical studies of the grinding process allows us to talk about the need to develop a mathematical description of this process.

In the technology for extracting the required components from plant raw materials, in most cases, the grinding process is used as a preparatory operation before the main process, followed by the separation of the extracted material into target components.In most cases, as a result of such a process, we can talk about the effective extraction of only a single target component, while others inevitably lose their qualitative and quantitative indicators, which is due to the morphology of the plant raw material.One of the promising directions in the processes of destruction of plant material for further operations is selective disintegration. For this purpose optimal process conditions have been selected, such as heating, freezing and others. Raw materials obtained as a result of selective destruction can be effectively fractionated according to morphological and physicochemical characteristics, and only after that can be sent to subsequent operations with the greatest efficiency.Under modern conditions, the loss of essential oil in coriander associated with splitting the fruit reaches 23.4% of the oil weight in whole fruits. At the same time, the essential oil from split fruits is enriched with valuable components – linalool, geraniol, geranyl acetate and, in addition, contains less hydrocarbons and camphor. As shown in [1], oil from split fruits can be used to adjust the composition of batches of coriander essential oil in order to increase the content of linalool while simultaneously reducing the content of undesirable components – hydrocarbons and camphor, and can also be used primarily to isolate valuable components – linalool, geraniol. To reduce losses associated with splitting coriander fruits, it has been proposed to carry out mathematical modeling of the process of cryogenic freezing with subsequent grinding of the frozen mass, which will significantly reduce losses of essential oil. Considering that essential oils extracted from coriander show high antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal activity [2], increasing the yield of high-quality coriander essential oil will allow its wider use in flavoring and food preservation, as well as for medicinal purposes, which is important and actual task.

The present study aimed to determine the anaesthetic effectiveness, safety, and applicable concentrations of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) essential oils (CEO) for three-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii). For this purpose, CEO concentrations of 400, 500, and 600 µL/L were tested at two temperatures, 20.90 ± 1.19 °C and 30.60 ± 0.92 °C, on three different sizes (small, medium, and large) of the fish in duplicate glass aquaria with 200 mg/L of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) served as the control. The sedative efficacy during simulated transportation experiments was also carried out. The results demonstrated that the induction and recovery time in O. andersonii anaesthetised with CEO were significantly influenced by concentration, water temperature, and fish size (P < 0.05). A concentration of 600 µL/L of CEO was found to be highly effective in inducing deep anesthesia and promoting rapid recovery in small and medium-sized fish at both water temperatures (20 and 30 °C). Based on this study, 100 µL/L of CEO is recommended for short-term transportation lasting up to 4 h, while 50 µL/L is advised for longer-distance transport. Although coriander essential oil shows anaesthetic effectiveness in three-spotted tilapia, further research is needed to fully understand the efficacy and safety of CEO across different fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was done during two consecutive seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to study the effects of humic acid (HU 4, 8, and 12 kg/hectare) as the main plot and BM (Azotobacter chrococum, Azospirulm Brasiliense, and Bacillus polymaxa) and algae extracts (ALG) as the subplot as well as their interactions on plant growth. The design of the experiment was a split plot, including 16 treatments and three replicates. The results showed that the growth parameters, fruit yield measurement, and oil production were noticeably enhanced using humic acid and biostimulants (BM and ALG). In this concern, the high-rise values were obtained by utilizing the high level of HU (12 kg/hectare) with bio-fertilizer (BM + ALG) application compared with control during both seasons. Also, GCMS analysis of the volatile oil revealed that HU and a mixture of bacteria and algae extract had improved the primary volatile oil components of coriander (Linalool - α-Pinene - γ-Terpinene - P-Cymene - Geranial Acetate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bio-fertilizers may be used to maintain soil fertility and soil improvement. Methods: In this study involving 12 treatments and 3 replications was conducted in Tehran, Iran. The experiment was conducted in 2018-2019 as a randomized complete block design. The treatments were 1- vermicompost (10 t/ha), 2- nitroxin, 3- bio-superphosphate, 4- biosulfur, 5- vermicompost + nitroxin, 6- vermicompost + bio-superphosphate, 7- vermicompost + biosulfur, 8- nitroxin + biosuperphosphate, 9- nitroxin + biosulfur, 10- bio-superphosphate + biosulfur, 11- chemical fertilizer and 12- control (without fertilizer). Result: The results showed that the treatments had a significant impact on the characteristics examined such as the highest plant height (75.3 cm) in the treatment combining vermicompost and biological superphosphate and the highest number of shoots/plant. The highest concentration of N in seeds (2.92%) was obtained when plants were treated with nitroxin and biosulfur and the highest concentration of P in seeds (0.83%) when treated with biological superphosphate. In addition, the highest K content in seeds (4.06%) and grain yield (1297.5 kg.ha-1) were found in the treatment of nitroxin and bio-superphosphate, as well as the content of essential oil (0.32%) and the yield of essential oils (2.89 kg.ha-1) was obtained when treated with nitroxin. Consequently, Bio-organic fertilizers can be considered as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in organic coriander cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitrate and nitrite content of four leafy vegetables (parsley, garden cress, coriander, and dill) from different regions of Tehran province, Iran (north, south, east, and west) were determined by spectrophotometer method at 538 nm. The results indicated that the dill had the highest nitrate concentration (402.944 mg kg-1), while the coriander had the highest nitrite concentration (0.672 mg kg-1), and these values were significantly higher than other vegetables (P<0.05). Garden cress had the lowest nitrate and nitrite concentrations, 288.556 and 0.378 mg kg-1, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) of both nitrate and nitrite were below the standard threshold. The EDI values for nitrate were 0.2216, 0.1980, 0.1746, and 0.1587 (mg kg-1 body weight/day) for dill, coriander, parsley, and garden cress, respectively, indicating that the health risk associated with consuming these vegetables was lower than the standard limit (3.7 mg kg-1 body weight /day). The THQ results for nitrate and nitrite samples revealed that they were all lower than 1, implying that the risk level is acceptable for chronic risk health exposure to leafy vegetables. In conclusion, our results showed that the studied vegetables were safe to consumption based on nitrate and nitrite concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of Saudi Coriandrum sativum L. seeds against bacteria that cause food contamination and food poisoning. Methods: The study utilized an aqueous extract of Saudi Coriandrum sativum L. seeds to assess its antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains associated with food contamination and food poisoning. The bacterial strains tested included Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteria were exposed to the extract for a period of 72 hours, after which their growth rates were measured and categorized to determine the extract's effectiveness in inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Results: The bacterial isolates were divided into three groups based on their growth rates after 72 hours of exposure to the aqueous extract. The first group, which demonstrated the highest susceptibility, included Streptococcus sp. and Enterococcus faecalis, with an average growth reduction of 9.2%. The second group, comprising Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, exhibited an average growth reduction of 22.5%. The third group, which included Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes, showed the least susceptibility, with an average growth reduction of 45.8%. Conclusions: The aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds has shown effective inhibition of bacterial growth. While additional research is needed to fully assess its potential, the extract could be recommended as a natural preservative in the food industry. It has the potential to extend shelf life, improve food quality, and safeguard consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn injuries represent a significant problem in clinical practice due to the high risk of infection and the prolonged healing process. Recently, more attention has been given to natural remedies such as water extracts of various medicinal plants, which possess anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Satureja montana L. and other water extracts in a burn wound model. The study involved male Californian rabbits (n = 52) divided into eight groups. Burn wounds were modeled on the animals and subsequently treated with gels based on Satureja montana L. and other water extracts. The reparative potential of the epidermis (assessed by Ki-67 expression), the state of local immunity (measured by the number of CD-45 cells), and the anti-inflammatory role of mast cells (measured by tryptase levels) were evaluated. Bacteriological and morphological studies were conducted. The most pronounced bactericidal, reparative, and immunostimulatory effects were observed after the treatment using a gel mixture of water extracts from Satureja montana L., Salvia sclarea, Coriandrum sativum L., and Lavandula angustifolia in equal proportions (1:1:1:1). The other gels also demonstrated high efficacy in treating burn wounds, especially when using a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to several antibiotics. Immunohistochemical studies showed a significant increase in the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and a decrease in the number of CD-45-positive cells, indicating improved proliferative activity and reduced inflammation. This study confirms the hypothesis that the use of water extract mixtures significantly enhances the reparative potential, improves the immune response in the treatment of burns, and promotes wound healing. These findings pave the way for further research and the application of complex phytotherapeutic agents, specifically water extracts of medicinal plants containing phenols and antioxidants in burn wound therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a member of the Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family and one of the well-known essential oil-containing plants, in which the seeds are used in traditional medicine, and as flavoring in food preparation. Knowing the diverse chemical components of different parts of the plant, this work aims to investigate the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory, and the immunostimulatory modulator effects of the Jordanian C. sativum's seed extracted essential oil (JCEO). Coriander oil extract was prepared by hydro-distillation method using the Clevenger apparatus. Different concentrations of coriander oil were examined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, MTT assay, pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor-TNF-alpha) production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages in addition, scratch-wound assessment, NO level examination, Th1/Th2 assay, phagocytosis assay, and fluorescence imaging using DAPI stain were conducted. JCEO had a potential metabolic enhancer effect at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL on cell viability with anti-inflammatory activities via increasing cytokines like IL-10, IL-4, and limiting NO, INF-γ, and TNF-α release into cell supernatant. Antioxidant activity was seen significantly at higher concentrations of JCEO reaching 98.7% when using 100mg/mL and minimally reaching 50% at 12.5mg/mL of the essential oil. Treated macrophages were able to attain full scratch closure after 48-hrs at concentrations below 0.3mg/mL. The seed-extracted JCEO showed significant free radical scavenging activity even at lower dilutions. It also significantly induced an anti-inflammatory effect via an increase in the release of cytokines but reduced the LPS-induced NO and TNF-α production at 0.16–0.3mg/mL. In summary, coriander essential oil demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory effects, showcasing its therapeutic potential at specific concentrations. The findings underscore its safety and metabolic enhancement properties, emphasizing its promising role in promoting cellular health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Natural anticancer phytochemical compounds derived from plant materials have recently been used as a beginning point for drug discovery. • Salix mucronata and Triticum spelta have high direct antioxidant activities and highest apoptotic effect. • It could be attributed to their highest potential in suppressing NF-κB-mediated pro-oxidant and oncogene activation and enhancing transcriptional activation of NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) mediated stimulation of antioxidant mediators. • Salix mucronata and Triticum spelta edible extracts represent promising antioxidant-dependent pro-apoptotic agents for eradicating different types of cancer cells. It has been known that free radical generation is associated with cancer; therefore, finding an efficient antioxidant therapy is highly mandated. It was discovered that some plants were very effective in treating diseases caused by oxidative stress; namely, Salix mucronata, Triticum spelta, Mentha, Apium graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Senna alexandrina, Thymus vulgaris, Anethum graveolens, and Santalum album. Their components with functional properties (phenolic and flavonoids) were identified, along with their ability to scavenge radicals of nitrogen and oxygen, reduce power, and chelate metals. Accordingly, human lung (A549), breast (MDA-MB 231), and liver (Huh7) cancer cells were used to assess the antioxidant-mediated antiproliferative activity of these substances. To evaluate the apoptotic activity of previous plants in the treatment of cancer cells, flow cytometry analysis and caspase activity were employed. Moreover, redox-sensitive factors' fold changes in transcriptional activation and gene expression (nuclear factor kappa (NF-κ) B and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), respectively) were evaluated. Salix mucronata and Triticum spelta demonstrated the highest apoptosis-mediated antiproliferative effect. Their extracts were shown to be enriched with active polyphenolic chemicals (vanillic acid, gallic acid, protochateuic acid, and pyrochatechol) according to HPLC analysis, which may be responsible for their strong antiproliferative properties. Hence, further research employing an animal model is mandatory to fully understand these plant extracts, which provide a potential natural surrogate therapy for apoptosis-mediated cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coriander, caraway, and mystical cumin are famous for their aromatic properties and widely used in Moroccan cuisine. The nutritional/phytochemical composition of their seeds (used for food flavoring and preservation) were compared. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and hepatotoxic effects were also explored. The fat content was similar among the samples (13%), with monounsaturated fatty acids being predominant. The coriander and mystical cumin seeds were extremely rich in C18:1n9c (81 and 85%, respectively) while, in the caraway, C18:1n12 (25%) was found together with C18:1n9c (32%). The caraway seeds also presented a higher proportion of C18:2n6c (34%) than the other seeds (13 and 8%, correspondingly). γ-Tocotrienol was the major vitamin E form in all the samples. The caraway seeds contained double the amount of protein (~18%) compared to the other seeds (~8%) but, qualitatively, the amino acid profiles among all seeds were similar. The seeds were also rich in dietary fiber (40–53%); however, differences were found in their fiber profiles. Caraway showed the highest antioxidant profile and anti-inflammatory activity and an LC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis revealed great differences in the phenolic profiles of the samples. Cytotoxicity (NCI-H460, AGS, MCF-7, and CaCo2) and hepatotoxicity (RAW 264.7) were not observed. In sum, besides their flavoring/preservation properties, these seeds are also relevant source of bioactive compounds with health-promoting activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2012, growers of coriander, Coriandrum sativum L., in Israel have been suffering from summer wilting that can result in entire fields collapsing. The current study aimed to determine the cause of the phenomenon and find a genetic solution to the problem. The disease was reproduced in a growth chamber using naturally-infested soil from a commercial field. Wilt became apparent within two weeks, and after ten weeks, all plants died compared to plants in sterilized soil from the same source. Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from infected plants, and Koch's postulates were completed. Sequence analysis of the Elongation Factor (EF1α) encoding gene of the pathogen had a 99.54% match to F. oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii. Several coriander varieties were screened for resistance or tolerance to the disease. In four independent experiments, only the cultivar 'Smadi' showed high tolerance, while other genotypes were susceptible. In a trial in a naturally infested field, the cultivar 'Smadi' outperformed the commercial cultivar 'Blair'. 'Smadi' provides a cropping solution to many Israeli farmers, yet this winter cultivar bolts early in the summer. There is a further need to characterize the tolerance mechanism and inheritance for informed breeding of late-bolting Fusarium-resistant coriander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The current work aims to investigate if the fibres extracted from the seeds of Coriandrum sativum and Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated fibres can be used as a low-cost bio-sorbent for the removal of dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metal from the aqueous medium. Moisture content, ash content, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in the fibre have been determined, and the other characteristics were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Zeta Potential analysis, and X-ray Diffraction analysis. The seeds and their fibres were coated with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), and characterization studies were carried out. Different adsorbents were discovered to effectively remove various adsorbates under ideal circumstances which were optimized. The removal of anionic and cationic dyes, heavy metal, and antibiotics via the process of adsorption by the extracted fibres and SPION-coated Coriandrum sativum fibres has been explored along with different isotherm models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L. essential oil (CS-EO) is being evaluated in vitro for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and its volatile compounds are to be identified as part of this exploratory study. Methods: The processes underlying the in vitro biological properties were explained using in silico simulations, including drug-likeness prediction, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity -ADMET). Chemical screening of CS-EO was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five in vitro complementary techniques were used to assess the antioxidant activity of CS-EO: reducing power (RP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching test (BCBT), and phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC). Results: According to GC-MS analysis, linalool (59.04%), γ-Terpinene (13.02%), and α-Pinene (6.83%) are the main constituents of CS-EO. Based on the in vitro antioxidant assay results, CS-EO has been found to have a superior antioxidant profile. Its estimated scavenging rates for ABTS+ are 0.51 ± 0.04 mg/mL, BCBT is 9.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and CS-EO is 1.52 ± 0.14 mg/mL. C. sativum demonstrated 6.13 ± 0.00 μg/mL for reducing power and 213.44 ± 0.45 mg AAE/mL for total antioxidant activity. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of CS-EO was assessed against five strains, including two gram-positive bacteria, two gram-negative bacteria, and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against all strains were found using the disc-diffusion assay, with zones of inhibition larger than 15 mm. The microdilution test highlighted the lowest MIC and MBC values with gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.0612 to 0.125% v/v for MIC and 0.125% v/v for MBC. The fungal strain's MFC was 1.0% v/v and its MIC was measured at 0.5%. Based on the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios, CSEO exhibits bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The ADMET study indicates that the primary CS-EO compounds are good candidates for the development of pharmaceutical drugs due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Conclusion: These results point to a potential application of this plant as a natural remedy and offer empirical backing for its traditional uses. It is a promising environmentally friendly preservative that can be used extensively in the food and agricultural industries to prevent aflatoxin contamination and fungal growth in stored goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants harbor numerous natural bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential, utilized in the synthesis of various drug formulations. While the diverse benefits of herbal formulations have been extensively researched, a toxicity assessment is crucial to establish a wide margin of safety for the therapeutic application of this polyherbal formulation. The recent study aimed to assess the phytochemical profile and potential toxic effects of an aqueous extract derived from a polyherbal formulation containing Petroselinum crispum L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Apium graveolens L. The investigation involved acute and sub-acute toxicity studies conducted in male and female Swiss albino mice, as well as adult rats. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed a rich composition of phytochemical compounds in the extract. In acute toxicity assessments, oral administration of the extract up to 14 g/kg showed no signs of toxicity or fatalities in mice. However, intraperitoneal administration resulted in dose-dependent toxicity, with a calculated LD 50 of 11.8 g/kg. Sub-acute toxicity studies in rats over 28 days showed no significant changes in organ weights, hematological, or biochemical parameters, except for a minor decrease in WBC count. Histopathological examination revealed no morphological disturbances in the liver and kidneys, indicating a wide margin of safety for therapeutic use. [Display omitted] • This is the first report on the toxicity assessment of the Moroccan polyherbal formulation containing Petroselinum crispum L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Apium graveolens l. • The acute and subacute toxicity profiles of the polyherbal formulation aqueous extract in mice and rats. • The lethal dose 50 (LD 50) for the polyherbal formulation via oral administration exceeded 14 g/kg, while it equaled 11.8 g/kg for intraperitoneal administration. • No severe toxic effects on hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as vital organs, were observed in the subacute toxicity test conducted over a period of 28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which addressed the critical need for engineering properties essential in the design of agricultural machinery related to coriander cultivation like sowing machines, machinery related to coriander plant, and post-harvesting equipment. Topics include frictional properties of selected coriander treatments, measurement of cutting resistance of coriander, and mechanical properties of the treatments.

The article presents a study which investigated the fluorescent Pseudomonads against coriander powdery mildew under in vitro conditions. Topics discussed include identification of fluorescent Pseudomonads, biochemical characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonads, and assessment of fluorescent Pseudomonads under in vitro condition.

In this study, bioactive compounds from Coriandrum sativum seeds were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of extracts was determined by using cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) analyses have been employed to measure the free radical scavenging ability of the sample extracts. Five different deep eutectic solvents, using choline chloride in combination with hydrogen bond donors (three polyalcohols and two organic acids) were firstly scanned. Choline chloride and 1,4-butanediol at the molar ratio of 1:4 was the best solvent of choice to extract natural antioxidants to achieve the best level of TAC. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to achieve the most advantageous conditions. The optimal process conditions for the maximum TAC value were as follows: 326 watt microwave power, 88 second extraction time, and 10 liquid/solid (L/S) ratio. In this study, we report an efficient, rapid, and green method to extract natural antioxidants from Turkish Coriandrum sativum seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coriander is a notable medicinal plant known for its diverse properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, analgesic, and anti‐diabetic effects. Despite its recognized health benefits, research on its nephroprotective properties is limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential nephroprotective properties of an aqueous extract derived from coriander leaves using an aristolochic acid‐intoxicated zebrafish model. To assess kidney abnormalities induced by aristolochic acid (AA), we utilized the transgenic line Tg(wt1b:egfp), which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the kidney. Our previous report indicated that AA exposure leads to acute renal failure in zebrafish characterized by kidney malformation and impaired renal function. However, pretreatment of coriander extract (CE) can mitigate kidney malformations induced by AA. In addition, CE pretreatment reduces the accumulation of red blood cells in the glomerular region. To verify the nephroprotective effects of CE, we analyzed renal function by measuring the glomerular filtration rate in zebrafish embryos. Results indicate that CE partially mitigates renal function impairment caused by AA exposure, suggesting its potential to attenuate AA‐induced renal failure. Mechanistically, pretreatment with CE reduces the expression of proinflammatory and proapoptotic genes induced by AA. This suggests that CE likely alleviates acute renal failure by reducing inflammation and apoptosis. As a result, we regard zebrafish as a valuable model for screening natural compounds that have the potential to alleviate AA‐induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coriander leaves, also known as cilantro, are part of the Coriandrum sativum L. plant that is widely used in cuisines around the world and has potential as a medicinal ingredient. It has a distinctive aroma and a fresh, slightly spicy, citrusy flavor and is often used as an ingredient in cooking. The plant can be recognized by its upright, hairless form and abundant branches. The leaves vary from thick at the base of the plant to slender and hairy at the top of the flowering stems. Coriander leaves have functions as health medicine, among others, as a remedy for relieving digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract problems. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and phenolic activities of the methanol extract of coriander leaves. Coriander leaves were extracted with methanol and tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. This study used two main methods: in vitro and bioassay, to evaluate the samples. The in vitro method consisted of an antioxidant capacity test. The antioxidant capacity assay aims to measure the ability of the sample to neutralize free radicals. The total phenolic assay is used as a method to measure antioxidant capacity, by calculating the levels of phenolic compounds in the sample. The total phenolic content of coriander leaf extract was found to be 726.0 µg/mL. DPPH antioxidant capacity test obtained 132.12 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Insulin autoantibody syndrome (IAS), or Hirata disease, is caused by high concentrations of insulin autoantibodies, which result in spontaneous, mainly post-prandial, hypoglycemic episodes. We report a case of a previously healthy 67-year-old man presenting with recurrent fasting hypoglycemia culminating in a diagnosis of insulin autoimmune syndrome linked to omeprazole and probably spices, namely, coriander, and ginger. Case presentation A previously healthy 67-year-old Sinhalese man presented with recurrent syncopal attacks for 3 months, which were found to be hypoglycemic episodes. He experienced mainly fasting hypoglycemic attacks, at a frequency gradually increasing to daily attacks. His cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, and neurologic examinations were normal. He was found to have insulin levels > 6000 mU/L and a post-polyethylene glycol insulin recovery of less than 9.5%. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the pancreas was normal. The diagnosis of insulin autoantibody syndrome was confirmed by testing for the insulin autoantibody level, yielding a level of > 300 U/mL. With regard to a possible trigger, he had a history of omeprazole intake for 2 weeks, 4 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. He also consumed an herbal supplement containing coriander and ginger extracts daily for a period of 1 year, approximately 2 years prior to the onset of hypoglycemic attacks. He was commenced on prednisolone 30 mg daily, and hypoglycemic episodes responded dramatically, and thus he was tapered off corticosteroids. Conclusion Omeprazole-induced insulin autoantibody syndrome is likely in this patient; however, the known hypoglycemic effects of coriander and ginger make it worthwhile to consider a possible association with insulin autoantibody syndrome. In addition, this case report highlights the need to consider insulin autoantibody syndrome even in patients presenting with fasting hypoglycemic attacks.

IntroductionOne of the important challenges in the agricultural sector is the low use efficiency of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, as well as the competition of weeds with crops. In this regard, it is important to use management solutions to reduce the use of chemical inputs. To increase the quality level of food used by humans while reducing environmental pollution. One of the management solutions is the use of controlled-release fertilizers. Considering the desire to increase the quantity and quality of the coriander plant and also to identify the best-studied genotype, research was conducted in this field to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer and the competition of weeds in the region on the agricultural and medicinal properties of different genotypes of coriander. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was carried out in factorial form based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the teaching and research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Shahed University of Tehran in the 2019 season. An experimental treatment consisted of three factors including: 1) nitrogen fertilizer sources (Control treatment: without nitrogen fertilizer; SCU: with rate of N, 70 kg ha-1, and urea: with rate of N, 70 kg ha-1), 2) genotypes (Nahavandi, Pishgam and, Ethiopia), and 3) weeding (weedy and weeding by hand). The experimental plot size was 2×2 m2 dimensions with a plant spacing of 25 cm ×10 cm. A space of 1.5 m between plots and 2 m between blocks were maintained. At the end of the growth period, coriander plants of 1 m2 per plot were harvested, and fruit yield per plot was measured. Also, in the plots under weed competition, the competition index was evaluated. Sampling of weeds was done in two stages (in the growing stage of the main plant and another in the ripening stage of the seeds) using quadrats of 30 x 30 cm and the abundance and biomass of each plot was calculated. To evaluate the percentage of the essential oil of coriander seeds, the Clevenger device was used with the steam distillation method to identify and determine the essential oil compounds extracted from the gas chromatography device.Results and DiscussionRelated to the competitive indices, results showed that, the Pishgam genotype had the highest ability to withstand competition (%), and the lowest yield loss (%), and, the Nahandi genotype had the lowest ability to withstand competition (%) and the highest yield loss (%). It seems that the Pishgam genotype was more successful in competing with weeds due to its early maturity and higher germination rate. So, it has a higher ability to tolerate weed competition than other genotypes. Regarding fruit yield, the findings of this experiment revealed a significant increase in yield with the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the weeded plots. Additionally, the Ethiopian genotype exhibited the highest fruit yield among the weeded plots. However, the fruit yield of genotypes did not show significant differences in the un-weeded plots. This suggests that weed competition significantly limited fruit yield compared to the inherent characteristics of the genotypes assessed in this trial. Ethiopian genotype showed the highest percentage of essential oil in all nitrogen fertilizer sources. In the Pishgam genotype, the most essential oil was obtained in the sulfur-coated urea treatment but, in the Nahavandi genotype, the most essential oil belonged to the control fertilizer treatment. Due to the difference in the genetic structure of genotypes, various results have been observed, which can be due to the difference in the fertility of different genotypes. Also, the results of this experiment showed that the main composition of coriander essential oil is linalool.ConclusionThe results showed that N fertilizer and weeding significantly increased seed yield. And the Ethiopian genotype had the highest seed yield and essential oil in weeded plots. Also, the Pishgam genotype had the highest Ability to withstand competition (%) and the lowest Yield loss (%).

Background: Insulin autoantibody syndrome (IAS), or Hirata disease, is caused by high concentrations of insulin autoantibodies, which result in spontaneous, mainly post-prandial, hypoglycemic episodes. We report a case of a previously healthy 67-year-old man presenting with recurrent fasting hypoglycemia culminating in a diagnosis of insulin autoimmune syndrome linked to omeprazole and probably spices, namely, coriander, and ginger. Case presentation: A previously healthy 67-year-old Sinhalese man presented with recurrent syncopal attacks for 3 months, which were found to be hypoglycemic episodes. He experienced mainly fasting hypoglycemic attacks, at a frequency gradually increasing to daily attacks. His cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, and neurologic examinations were normal. He was found to have insulin levels > 6000 mU/L and a post-polyethylene glycol insulin recovery of less than 9.5%. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the pancreas was normal. The diagnosis of insulin autoantibody syndrome was confirmed by testing for the insulin autoantibody level, yielding a level of > 300 U/mL. With regard to a possible trigger, he had a history of omeprazole intake for 2 weeks, 4 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. He also consumed an herbal supplement containing coriander and ginger extracts daily for a period of 1 year, approximately 2 years prior to the onset of hypoglycemic attacks. He was commenced on prednisolone 30 mg daily, and hypoglycemic episodes responded dramatically, and thus he was tapered off corticosteroids. Conclusion: Omeprazole-induced insulin autoantibody syndrome is likely in this patient; however, the known hypoglycemic effects of coriander and ginger make it worthwhile to consider a possible association with insulin autoantibody syndrome. In addition, this case report highlights the need to consider insulin autoantibody syndrome even in patients presenting with fasting hypoglycemic attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite soil salinity is one of the prime abiotic stresses, exploiting the saline soils for the agricultural production will increase in the forthcoming decades to fulfill the human food requirements. Of course, the induction of crop tolerance to salt stress will share in plant growth enhancement and keeping productivity. The current study aimed to assess the influence of soil amendments (gypsum, GP and humic acid, HA) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine-HCl), levels on growth, yield traits and bioactive compounds of coriander plants grown in salt-affected soil. GP and HA, whether individual or in combination, at a rate of 500 and 20 kg/ha, respectively, were applied under spraying of B6 at three levels of at 0.0, 150, 300 µM. The experiment was performed in a strip-plot arrangement under randomized complete blocks design using three replications. Findings illustrated the increases in umbels number/plant, umblets number/plant, seed counts/umbels, and seed yield/plant due to applying GP + HA × B6-leafy applied at 300 µM were 150.3, 117.9, 157.4, and 237.8%, respectively. GP + HA mixture with spraying 300 µM B6 possessed the lowest values of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (by 1.78 and 0.12 µmol/g FW, orderly), in relative to the control. As well, the highest significant percentages of TSS, SPC, FAA, and FProC were obtained from the combination of GP + HA mixture × 300 µM B6. Coriander plants received 300 µM B6 and amended with GP + HA mixture gave the greatest N, P and K+ and the lowest Na+ contents. Briefly, cultivating coriander plants in salty soils requires compatible agricultural practices via soil amendments plus exogenous application of vitamins. Herein, soil addition of gypsum + humic acid with foliar application of vitamin B6 could be a recommended practice in managing coriander production under saline soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research describes the utilization of plant aqueous extracts for more sustainable and safe management red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst); a highly concerned pest of stored rice and wheat grains in tropical and subtropical regions. The aqueous extracts of selected parts of Nigella sative, Coriandrum sativum, Ocimum basilicum, Neriwn oleander, Tamarindus indica, Chrysanthemum indicum, Linum usitatissimum, Myristica fragrans, Citrullus colocythis, and Musa acuminate plants were prepared by simple orbital type shaking and tested for their repellent and insecticidal activities. Besides, the phytochemical constituents and phenolic acids were identified by various spectroscopic assays and RP-HPLC-DAD analysis, respectively. The initial screening revealed that the aqueous extracts of Myristica fragrans nutmeg, Citrullus colocythis leave, Coriandrum sativum leaves Ocimum basilicum can exhibit the insect repellent potential of about 86.66% when applied at or above 1000 µg/ml for 24 h. It was interesting to note that the similar concentration of aqueous extracts of Myristica fragrans nutmeg, Citrullus colocythis (leaves), and Coriandrum sativum (leaves) caused 100% percent mortality of red flour beetle at the end of seven days under ideal growth conditions (28 ± 2° C and 70 ± 5% RH). Overall, the aqueous extracts of Myristica fragrans nutmeg and Citrullus colocythis leaves were found to be more potential candidates for the sustainable management of Tribolium castaneum during post-harvest storage of wheat and rice grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in seed yield and essential oil composition of 48 coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) germplasms collected from various geographical locations in India were evaluated. The variation in seed yield plant−1 (2.52–10.97 g plant−1), essential oil content (0.08–0.56%) and linalool content (49.04–82.14%). Linalool, γ-terpinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, β-myrcene, limonene, geraniol, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, α-terpineol, citronellol and caryophyllene were detected in one or other germplasm lines. Cluster analysis was done using Ward's method based on the value of all the traits, resulting in 6 distinct groups of germplasms. Among six clusters, the maximum number of accessions was grouped into cluster II (16). The seed yield plant−1 is positively correlated with the number of umbels plant−1, number of umbellets plant−1, number of seeds plant−1, number of primary and secondary branches. The selection of these traits may result in the identification of germplasm with high seed yield. The genetic diversity revealed in this study could be useful for further crop improvement programs in coriander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family that is grown worldwide. This aromatic herb has been used for its nutritional value and biological properties. In this study, we compared the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of coriander seeds from nine Iranian and Iraqi populations for the first time. The seed oils were extracted using a Clevenger‐type apparatus, and their chemical composition was determined using GC and GC/MS Agilent apparatuses. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was tested against three infectious bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the agar well diffusion method. The experiments were repeated three times, and the results were analyzed using PAST, SAS, and SPSS software. The results showed that oxygenated monoterpenes, especially linalool, were the major compounds in the oils, followed by α‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, and geranyl acetate. The proportions of these compounds varied among the populations. Trace amounts of other compounds were also detected, some of which were only found in certain populations. The populations were detected as linalool chemotype, and classified into four groups based on their chemical constituents in the UPGMA tree. The PCA‐Biplot showed that these groups were characterized by the presence and percentage of specific compounds. The essential oils showed bacterial growth inhibitory properties only at 100% concentration. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium to the coriander essential oil, while the essential oils of all populations inhibited the growth of this bacterium. Additionally, the essential oils were more effective than antibiotics against E. coli. These findings contribute to our understanding of coriander seed essential oil by providing data on antibacterial activity and chemical characteristics. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of selecting populations based on their specific essential oil profiles for antibacterial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a versatile culinary herb known for its edible leaves, seeds, stems, and roots. It is widely utilized in traditional medicine across the globe and is reputed for its diverse biological properties, including significant antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. Nonetheless, the majority of research has primarily concentrated on the seeds, leaves, and stems, leaving the roots comparatively underexplored. Objective: This research delved into the antioxidative capabilities and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory properties of coriander root extracts and assessed their phytochemical makeup. Methods: The coriander roots were lyophilized, pulverized to powder, and extracted using two methods: boiling and maceration with water, 50% ethanol, or 100% ethanol. The extracts underwent assessment for antioxidant activity through ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging methods, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations, and inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. In addition, their phytochemical profiles were identified and quantified by HPLC. Results: Among all the extracts, the 100% ethanol extract demonstrated the greatest levels of total flavonoids and phenolics, exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity against ABTS and DPPH radicals, and showed the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Notably, the boiling extract, although containing the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, exhibited ABTS radical scavenging capacity comparable to the 100% ethanol extract. This suggested that the boiling extract might contain non-phenolic antioxidant compounds and should be further studied. Additionally, HPLC analysis unveiled the novel identification of benzoic acid and ferulic acid within the coriander root extracts for the first time. The highest contents of these compounds were also found in the 100% ethanol extract. Conclusion: Coriander roots, a common culinary ingredient, exhibited antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, suggesting potential as a functional food for preventing age- and lifestyle-related diseases, such as diabetes and certain cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of climate conditions on the quality of essential oils extracted from Apiaceae fruits, specifically coriander (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), and annual caraway (Carum carvi var. annuum) grown at three distinct locations in Serbia over three consecutive years. Field experiments were conducted, and essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis for compound identification. Weather conditions during the vegetation periods were recorded, and statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, were performed to assess the volatile compound compositions. Results indicate significant correlations among various compounds within each fruit type, with distinct patterns observed across different years. PCA further elucidates the influence of both year and sampling location on the chemical profiles of essential oils. Cluster analysis reveals clustering primarily based on the year of cultivation rather than geographical location, emphasizing the dominant role of weather conditions in shaping essential oil compositions. This study highlights the intricate relationship between climate conditions and the quality of essential oils in Apiaceae fruits, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing essential oil production. In general, climate conditions strongly influence the coriander, anise, and annual caraway cultivation, and also essential oil quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, cabbage is attacked by approximately 35 insect pests; due to the high nutritional value and succulent nature of cabbage, it has attracted the attention of several insect pests. Monocultures are low-diversity agroecosystems that may be more prone to outbursts of pests. The present study aimed to determine the impact of different intercrops on the incidence of insect pests on cabbage. The outcomes revealed that during Rabi 2021-22, populations of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura were recorded for the first time during the 51st standard meteorological week (SMW). The incidence of aphids was first recorded in the 2nd SMW and reached the maximum level in the 8th SMW along with P. xylostella and S. litura. The lowest incidence of P. xylostella and aphids was recorded in the T6-Cabbage + Coriander treatment (2:2), followed by the T5-Cabbage + Coriander treatment (2:1); the maximum incidence of P. xylostella and aphids was observed in the T3-Cabbage+ Radish treatment (2:1), and all the intercropping treatments were superior to those used for the sole cabbage crop, with the maximum incidence of P. xylostella. The lowest incidence of S. litura T6-Cabbage + Coriander (2:2) was followed by T5-Cabbage + Coriander (2:1), and the maximum incidence of S. litura was observed in the T1-Cabbage + Onion treatment (2:1). The yield was the highest in the T6-Cabbage+ Coriander (2:2) treatment (257.33 q/ha main crop, 3.30 q/ha), followed by the T5-Cabbage+ Coriander 2:1 treatment (233.33 q/ha main crop, 1.83 q/ha) and the T3-Cabbage+ Radish treatment (2:1) (197.33 q/ha main crop, 25.32 q/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioagents, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated in vivo and in vitro along with five phytoextracts from garlic, neem, tulsi, aak, and datura leaves against Alternaria alternata causing Alternaria leaf spot of coriander. Randomized blocks design was used in four replicates in plot size (2.1 × 2 m) with 30 × 10 cm spacing, using coriander cultivar polymerase chain reaction 728, during rabi season 2021-2022. Results revealed that among four bioagents, maximum mycelium growth inhibition was recorded with T. harzianum (74.44%) followed by T. viride (71.11%). Likewise, among five tested phytoextracts, neem leaf extract was excellent in causing maximum mycelia growth inhibition (83.33 and 88.88%), followed by garlic leaf extract (55.55 and 60.00%) at 5 and 10% concentration, respectively. The bioagents and phytoextracts found effective in vitro were also tested for further study in vivo conditions. Minimum disease intensity was recorded after applying T. harzianum (28.60%) followed by T. viride (29.50%) over control. The extract of neem leaves was most effective in reducing disease intensity (50.94%) over control, followed by garlic leaves (26.65%). The present study’s findings would help develop sustainable management strategies against the Alternaria leaf spot of coriander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia, coffee futures contracts represent essential financial agreements that allow producers and buyers to establish prices, quality, and conditions for future transactions in the coffee market. Despite the evident benefits of stability and predictability, this practice faces significant sustainability challenges that threaten its long-term viability. One of the reasons is the significant lack of transparency in the supply chain. Farmers, affected by abrupt price fluctuations and adverse weather conditions such as the El Niño phenomenon, experience an increase in market prices, leading to the non-delivery of the final product, and contract breaches as they find better prices in the local market. In this context, smart contracts emerge as a promising technological solution to address these problems. These contracts enable the verification of each step in the process, from harvest to final sale, within a blockchain. Therefore, this research designs a smart contract managed through a platform called SmartBeanFutures, which records the clauses of futures contracts using the IERC721 framework, allowing the generation of a unique and non-repeatable asset. It aims to sell, promote, and manage coffee sale prices during the agreement's signing, creating a transparent environment for chain actors. This proposal undergoes evaluation in a test environment, providing farmers access to the designed platform. Following the validation of the proposal, it was identified that over 74% would use this type of contract in their agricultural processes, highlighting that implementing this technology contributes to eliminating intermediaries in the chain and gives farmers more control over their participation in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) is a traditional food flavouring herb of tropics with coriander‐like odour. This study evaluated six different drying conditions (sun, shade, oven at 40°C and 60°C, microwave, freeze‐drying) for spiny coriander leaves, emphasizing on the drying time, essential oil yield and composition. Fatty aldehydes, especially trans‐2‐dodecenal, majorly abundant key aromatic flavour of spiny coriander underwent probable enzymatic reduction to alcohols upon long‐term oven‐drying, affecting the oil quality. Non‐conventional techniques like microwave and freeze‐drying, despite their certain advantages significantly reduced the oil yield (0.030%–0.031%) in comparison to fresh leaves (0.045%). Sun drying was found to be superior among the tested conditions, considering a reasonable drying time (4 h) and ability to retain the oil yield (0.043%), composition (quality) and chlorophyll content. It can be a sustainable drying technique for spiny coriander in the tropical region with abundant sunlight, especially for its value addition and commercialization in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) is a food flavouring herb with strong coriander-like odour. The leaves are traditionally used for flavouring the curries, boiled items, soups in Indian subcontinent and added during the final stage of cooking. The current study aimed to validate this traditional culinary knowledge on the addition of spiny coriander leaves and provide a scientific insight into this practice. To pursue the objective, fresh leaves were subjected to simulated open and close-vessel cooking conditions in Clevenger-type apparatus and pressure cooker, respectively. An extensive loss (∼43 %) in volatile flavours occurred after 30 min of open-vessel boiling and similarly for close-vessel process (∼39 %). However, the volatile composition, exclusively dominated by fatty aldehydes, especially trans -2-dodecenal (>70 %) remained practically unaltered throughout this process; rejecting the possibility of considerable transformation or degradation. Thus, boiling process during cooking promoted the loss of aromatic flavours through evaporation and justified the late-stage addition of spiny coriander to preserve its key flavours. [Display omitted] • Early addition of culantro in cooking diminishes flavour: a traditional knowledge. • Current study: validation and scientific insight into this culinary practice. • Simulated open and close-vessel cooking to test the fate of aromatic flavours. • Cooking condition greatly facilitated the evaporation, hence loss of volatiles. • No flavour transformation or degradation was found due to cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 2021, damping off and collar and root rot on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) became widespread in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. An oomycete was isolated from root and collar segments of affected seedlings and caused the same symptoms in inoculated seedlings. Based on morphological features and DNA sequences from the ITS and cox2 region, the pathogen was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of P. aphanidermatum on coriander plants in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation demonstrates that the application of MEL (0, 1, and 2 μmol L−1) mitigates the effects of Cr stress 0 (no Cr), 50 and 100 mg kg−1 on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants. Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of Cr concentration in the soil induced a significant decrease in shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance by 36%, 24%, 17%, 64%, 27%, 23%, 19%, 29%, 36%, 18%, 73%, 83%, and 43% respectively. Results findings also showed that the increasing Cr stress in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) decreases calcium, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus contents by 69%, 51%, 89%, and 109% respectively in the roots and decreased by 164%, 97%, 66%, and 124% respectively in the shoots. However, Cr toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of oxidative stress indicators. Although activities of various antioxidative enzymes and their specific gene expression and also the nonenzymatic antioxidants initially increased up to a Cr level of 50 μM but decreased gradually with the further increase in the Cr level of 100 μM in the medium, compared to those plants which were grown in the control treatment. Results also revealed that the soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and nonreducing sugar were decreased in plants grown under elevating Cr levels but increased the Cr accumulation in the roots and shoots of C. sativum. Although results also illustrated that the application of MEL also decreased Cr toxicity in C. sativum by increasing antioxidant capacity and their gene expression and thus improved the plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of C. sativum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]