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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of dynamic joint mobilization combined with core stability training in the treatment of nonspecific low back pain. Methods 60 patients with nonspecific low back pain were randomly assigned into either the treatment group or control group. Each group had 30 patients. The treatment group received a therapeutic regimen combining dynamic joint mobilization and core stability training, while the control group only received core stability training. Both groups were evaluated for therapeutic effectiveness using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine before treatment, and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th weeks after treatment. At the conclusion of the treatment, a thorough assessment of the overall therapeutic efficacy was performed. Results At the 1st, 3rd, and 6th weeks post-treatment, both groups showed statistically significant differences in VAS scores, ODI scores, and ROM scores over time (P < 0.05). The improvements in these indices were significantly greater in the treatment group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The treatment group had considerably higher therapeutic effective- ness compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dynamic joint mobilization combined with core stability training is effective in treating nonspecific low back pain. It can help with pain relief, lumbar and back function restoration, and lumbar and back mobility improvement. This approach is worthy of clinical application and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) is a technique commonly used to activate deep core muscles for the prevention and rehabilitation of low back pain. However, its benefits during high-load tasks (HLT) are unclear. Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to review the literature to determine whether the use of ADIM enhances core stabilization during HLT. Additionally, we will examine if other factors, beyond load, could influence the effectiveness of this activation maneuver. Methods: A search was conducted using PubMed databases for studies that compared interventions using ADIM to those without ADIM. The literature search spanned from January 1981 to March 2024. Only studies that included kinematic assessments were selected. Results: The search yielded 359 studies, of which 24 were included in the final analysis. Task load was analyzed based on Mottram and Comerford's criteria, alongside other approaches such as the source of the perturbation applied to the subject and body position. In conditions using ADIM, better performance was observed in only 16.66% of interventions with HLT, whereas other conditions (OC) without ADIM performed better in 83.33% of interventions using HLT. When core stability was tested against external perturbations, ADIM was less effective in all scenarios. In lying positions, ADIM performed better in 4 tasks, while OC performed better in 2. In upright positions, ADIM was more effective in 7 tasks, while OC performed better in 6. Conclusions: The findings suggest that ADIM should not be used if the goal is to train core stability and strength during HLT. Abdominal drawing-in maneuver was less effective for stabilizing the core during tasks involving external perturbations, and its use was also less decisive in upright positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined how women with low back pain (LBP) responded to comprehensive physical exercises (CPEs) combined with cognitive functional therapy (CFT) in terms of pain, disability and postural sway (PS). Methods: A total of 45 women with non-specific chronic LBP (NSCLBP) participated in this quasi-experimental study. The participants were randomly assigned to the CPEs, CPEs combined with CFT and control group (CG) (15 participants per group). The McGill pain questionnaire, Roland-Morris disability questionnaire, and Zebris platform were used to assess pain, disability and PS in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions with eyes open and closed. For eight weeks, the participants engaged in both CPEs and CPEs combined with CFT. The CG continued their usual routine. The multivariate analysis of variance statistical test with repeated measures design was used to analyze the data (P

BACKGROUND: There have been many studies on biofeedback therapy and three-dimensional gait function analysis for chronic non-specific low back pain at home and abroad, but few studies on the combination of the two have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of biofeedback assisted electrical stimulation on the change of walking ability in chronic non-specific low back pain by collecting gait parameter data through three-dimensional gait analysis. METHODS: Sixty patients with chronic non-specific low back pain, 34 males and 26 females, aged 32-58 years, were selected and admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from June 2021 to September 2022. They were divided into control group (n=30) and trial group (n=30) according to the principle of random allocation. Both groups of patients received conventional treatment of dynamic interference with the waist, 20 minutes/ time, once/day, 5 times a week, for 20 times. The control group received supine bypass and prone bypass suspension core muscle training on the basis of conventional treatment, 5 times a week, for 20 times. The trial group received biofeedback assisted electrical stimulation therapy on the basis of the control group, 20 minutes/ time, once/day, 5 times a week, for 20 times. The low back pain score, the mean value of electromyography and the gait parameters were compared and analyzed before and after treatment between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After treatment, the numerical rating scale score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and Oswestry disability index of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). Numerical rating scale score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and Oswestry disability index of the trial group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05). (2) After treatment, the mean values of surface electromyography of rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae muscle in the two groups were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the mean values of surface electromyography of rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae muscle in the trial group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) After treatment, the step width, step speed, step frequency, step length ratio between healthy and diseased sides, the relative value of support between healthy and diseased sides, the relative value of swing between diseased and healthy sides, the sagittal motion range of hip joint and knee joint between healthy and diseased sides and the foot angle between healthy and diseased sides were all better than those before treatment in both groups (P < 0.05). The above indexes of the trial group were better than those of the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). (4) These results suggest that biofeedback assisted electrical stimulation can significantly alleviate chronic non-specific low back pain, and improve the lower limb walking function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-specific lower back pain (NLBP) is treated with a variety of therapies, including health education, exercise therapy, soft tissue release, psychological interventions, and shockwave therapy. However, some studies have shown that core stability training or fascial release therapy alone is not effective in the treatment of low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of core stability training on patients’ inflammatory cytokine levels and lumbar muscle temperature when combined with fascial release for the treatment of non-specific low back pain. In this study, a total of 60 patients with non-specific low back pain who were treated in Mindong Hospital of Ningde City between December 2021 and January 2023 were selected and randomly and equally divided into a control group (30 cases) and an experimental group (30 cases). The control group received core stability training, while the experimental group added fascial release surgery to this. We compared and assessed the pain visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), lumbar spine mobility (including anterior flexion, posterior extension, left flexion, and right flexion), as well as levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a, and muscle tissue temperature in the two groups. This study has been successfully implemented and covered 60 patients throughout the trials. Upon comparison, the two groups did not show statistically significant differences in baseline data such as age, gender and duration of disease (p> 0.05). After four weeks of treatment, the test group showed statistically significant (p< 0.05) differences in VAS scores, ODI scores, and IL-6 and TNF-a levels that were significantly lower than those of the control group. It is worth mentioning that the muscle tissue temperature of the patients in the test group, as well as their performance in lumbar anterior flexion, posterior extension, left flexion, and right flexion mobility, were significantly better than those of the control group, and these differences also showed statistical significance (p< 0.05). The combination of core stability training and fascial release demonstrates significant clinical results in the treatment of nonspecific lower back pain. Through medical thermography and serum inflammatory factor testing, we were able to assess the treatment effect more objectively, providing a strong basis for future clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Football is the most popular sport worldwide but has a high risk of injury. Optimal balance is one of the influential factors in injury prevention in sports, so this study aimed to compare the effect of 8 weeks of reactive neuromuscular training with core stability training on the balance of male football players. Methods This research was a quasi-experimental study. Fifty-three male adolescent football players entered the study as subjects and were randomly divided into three groups: Reactive neuromuscular training (n=18), core stability training (n=17), and control (n=18). A balance error scoring system and Y balance tests were used for all subjects to assess the static and dynamic balance. Training groups then performed an 8-week training program, but the control group did not perform any specific training during this period. After 8 weeks, the tests were repeated. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 26. To investigate the differences between groups, we used an analysis of covariance followed by an LSD post hoc test. Results Both training groups in the post-test had significantly better static and dynamic balance than the pre-test (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two test stages in the control group (P>0.05). Also, between-group comparisons revealed that in the post-test, the reactive neuromuscular training group had better results than the other two groups in static and dynamic balance (P<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study show that reactive neuromuscular training has a greater effect on the balance of footballers than core stability training. According to the results obtained in this study, it is suggested that this type of training can be used in training programs for football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, due to lifestyle changes, the number of young people suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is gradually increasing. The recent guidelines for the treatment of low back pain emphasize that exercise therapy is the preferred treatment method for CNLBP. This study take ordinary college male students with CNLBP as objective of the study, focused into how core stability training affected the pain and muscle function of the CNLBP of youth. Herein, 60 male subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, and conducted a randomized control trial in the Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory of Guangxi Normal University from September to October 2023. The control group received traditional waist strength training, while the experimental group received core stability training. VAS scores, pain symptoms scores and clinical efficacy grades were evaluated. Waist muscles fitness was evaluated, including back muscle strength, the prone upper body up's static holding time, 1-min modified sit-ups' pcs, the supine abdominal curling's static holding time and the supine leg raising's static holding time. Waist movement function was also evaluated using oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from rectus abdominis, erector spinae and multifidus. The independent sample t-test was used to compare groups, and the paired sample t-test was used for the data comparison before and post-exercise within the group. The results of the study found that CNLBP was improved in both the experimental and control groups in the post-exercise. Compared to pre-exercise, there are significant decrease in the VAS scores (95%CI: 2.51 to 6.51, p = 0.000), pain symptoms scores (95%CI: 2.95 to 3.55, p = 0.000), waist movement function's evaluation scores for ODI (95%CI: 2.23 to 4.31, p = 0.000), rectus abdominis' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.29 to 4.39, p = 0.000), erector spinae and multifidus' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.18 to 4.45, p = 0.000) of experimental group in the post-exercise. Compared to pre-exercise, there are significant improvement in the back muscle strength (95%CI: 12.85 to 19.49, p = 0.000), the prone upper body up's static holding time (95%CI: 9.67 to 19.17, p = 0.000), the 1-min modified sit-ups' pcs (95%CI: 8.56 to 18.12, p = 0.000), the supine abdominal curling's static holding time (95%CI: 6.73 to 19.14, p = 0.000), and the supine leg raising's static holding time (95%CI: 8.21 to 18.35, p = 0.000) of experimental group in the post-exercise. In the post-exercise,there are significant lower in the VAS scores (95%CI: 1.41 to 4.98, p = 0.000), pain symptoms scores (95%CI: 1.14 to 1.79, p = 0.011), waist movement function's evaluation scores for ODI (95%CI: 1.13 to 2.25, p = 0.000), rectus abdominis' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.36 to 4.47, p = 0.000), erector spinae and multifidus' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.24 to 4.23, p = 0.017) of experimental group than those of control group. In the post-exercise, there are significant higher in the recovery rate (p = 0.000), the prone upper body up's static holding time (95%CI: 4.16 to 8.32, p = 0.008), and the supine abdominal curling's static holding time (95%CI: 3.89 to 7.44, p = 0.000) of experimental group than those of control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that core stability training is significantly effective in treating CNLBP in youth, enhancing lower back muscle function. This therapeutic effect is primarily attributed to the improvement in muscle function.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 10-week Core Stability Training (CST) compared to Traditional Strength Training (TST) on the balance abilities of adolescent male basketball players. Methods: Subjects (age: 15.70 ± 0.75, height: 178.4 ± 8.31, weight: 66.55 ± 8.34) were randomly assigned to either the Core Stability Training group or the Traditional Strength Training group. Three selected balance assessment indicators included the Single-leg Standing with Eyes Closed Test, Star Excursion Balance Test, and Core Four-Direction Endurance Test. Results: 1) The scores were significantly different in both groups before and after the Single-leg Standing with Eyes Closed Test; (p < 0.01, d = 1.692, d = 1.837); 2) In the Star Excursion Balance Test, the scores of the experimental group showed significant difference (p < 0.05) or highly significant difference (p < 0.01) with an average effect size of (d = 1.727) when the left or right foot supported in the other directions before and after the training. However, there was no significant difference in scores in the c direction when the left foot supported (p > 0.05, d = 0.954); 3) In the Core Four-Direction Endurance Test, there were no significant differences in scores for the control group before and after training (p > 0.05, d = 0.567), while the experimental group showed significant differences in scores before and after training (p < 0.05, d = 1.889). Discussion: Both CST and TST were effective in enhancing the balance abilities of adolescent basketball players. CST, in particular, demonstrated improvements in dynamic balance and agility across multiple planes. Basketball coaches are encouraged to consider incorporating CST training programs into their overall training plans for optimal balance enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: The purpose of this study is to examine how eight weeks of general exercises (GEs) combined with cognitive functional therapy (CFT) affect women with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) in terms of pain, quality of life (QoL), and muscle endurance. Methods: 45 women with CNSLBP participated in this study for eight weeks in three groups: GEs, GEs with CFT, and control. Pain, QoL and muscle endurance were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), SF-36 questionnaire, and Biering-Sorensen test, respectively. Mixed-model repeated measure test with repeated measurement design was used for data analysis. Results: The results revealed a significant difference in the investigated variables between the pre-test and post-test for the intervention groups, but no difference was seen in the control group. Discussion and final conclusion: The group of GEs combined with CFT distinguished itself significantly from the group of GEs in the comparison of the factors of physical performance, emotional health, and general health from sub-sections of QoL, and also muscular endurance. According to the results, it is recommended that women with CNSLBP use GEs in combination with CFT to reduce pain, improve QoL, and increase muscle endurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the physical characteristics and training needs of female handball players, based on responses from 67 athletes from Division A and the National League, aged 18 to 43 years (M=26.08, SD=5.69). The players were surveyed using a specially designed instrument during the precompetitive period. The findings revealed that elite players train extensively, more than five times per week, including Core Stability Training. They expressed satisfaction with their own physical fitness as well as that of their team. In the pre-competitive period, their training needs are centered on physical conditioning, while during the competitive period, they emphasize the development of endurance, strength, and psychological qualities. These conclusions can serve as recommendations for coaches aiming to achieve optimal results in women's handball competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of core stability training on pain, function, quality of life, and posture in individuals with temporomandibular disorder. Materials and methods: Participants were divided into the following: the core stability group and the control group. For pain assessment, the Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0; for function, the 20-item Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-20); for oral health–related quality of life, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14); and for posture assessment, the New York Scale were used. Rocabado exercises were applied to the control group. Additionally, spinal stabilization exercises were applied for the core stability group for 6 weeks. Results: Both types of exercise contribute positively to the quality of life associated with oral health. Rocabado exercise provided a significant change in Chronic Pain Intensity and Disability Score. Conclusion: Rocabado exercise and core stability training, implemented with Rocabado, provide significant changes in pain values. When evaluated in terms of function, no significant difference was found in both exercise programs. Clinical relevance: Core stability training with Rocabado provides significant changes. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04755621. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Stroke is a major noninfectious disease that endangers patients’ health. About 83% of patients have some degree of balance dysfunction. Rehabilitation training is an effective means to improve the balance function of stroke patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess which of the eight rehabilitation training methods was more effective in promoting balance recovery. Material and Methods Eight studies of rehabilitation training to improve balance function in stroke patients were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases. Data extraction was carried out by two independent researchers. The improvement in balance function included in the study was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). A random effects model was used to assess the mean difference in these values between patients who received different rehabilitation training and controls. Results A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, including 3741 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the clinical effectiveness in promoting balance recovery in stroke patients was ranked as follows: core stability training (odds ratio (OR) = 14.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.18–27.44) > whole-body vibration training (OR = 10.27, 95% CI: 4.36–24.18) > mirror therapy (OR = 5.15, 95% CI: 2.40–11.04). Conclusions This results suggested that core stability was more beneficial for improving balance function in stroke patients.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of breathing training combined with core stability training in chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods: This was a retrospective study. Of 60 included patients with CNLBP admitted by the Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital between December 2020 and February 2022. Random number table method was used to divide thirty patients to a control group, and the rest 30 to an observation group. The control group received core stability training, while the observation group underwent breathing training in addition to the exact treatment provided for the control group. To assess the utility of breathing and core stability training for CNLBP treatment, intergroup comparisons were made for clinical outcomes, the VAS, SF-36, and SCODI scores before treatment and at three and seven weeks post-treatment, and static and dynamic low-back muscular endurance before and after treatment. Results: The observation group had an overall response rate (ORR) of 96.67%, significantly higher than that (73.33%) of the control group (p< 0.05). Following the intervention, the VAS and SCODI scores declined in both groups; The SF-36 score was elevated in both groups, and likewise. At the end of treatment, both groups exhibited improved static and dynamic muscular endurance of the low back, and the improvement was significantly more distinct in the observation group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with core stability training as a sole treatment, breathing training combined with core stability training can yield better outcomes, ameliorate lumbar spine function, relieve pain and enhance low-back muscular endurance in patients with CNLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with hearing impairment are unable to speak and may suffer from some physical problems such as weakness in postural performance ability and development. The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of proprioception versus core stability training for an 8-week period followed by a 6-month detraining protocol on the balance performance of deaf students. This is a randomized controlled trial design of three groups in blinded evaluators. The study was conducted at the school gym. A total of 30 participants, of male deaf students, were randomized into three groups: (1) one group receiving proprioception training (PT, n = 10), (2), one group receiving core stability training (CST, n = 10) for 8 weeks, and (3), and control group (CON, n = 10). The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test and Y-balance test assess static and dynamic balance at pre- and post-training following a 6-month detraining. Post 8 weeks of training intervention, PT and CST values showed significant improvements in both static (p = 0.001) and dynamic (p = 0.001) balance. Following the 6-month detraining, only the PT group maintained their improvements in both the static and dynamic balance tests (p = 0.348) and the CST group showed decreases in the balance tests (p = 0.034). The results indicate that 8 weeks rehabilitation program (PT and CST) is an optimum training modality to enhance balance in deaf students and PT induces more training effects than CST for maintaining training benefits following the detraining. Clinical trial registry number: IRCT20170312033029N2; URL: ; Trial Id: 25584; Registration date: 2017-12-08; Study start date; 2017-12-22 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the rehabilitation effect of core stability training combined with all-round intensive exercise training on children with spastic cerebral palsy.MethodsA total of 144 children with spastic cerebral palsy treated in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from September 2018 to August 2020 were divided into core stability group, intensive exercise group and combined group according to the experimental principle of 1∶1∶1 by stratified random method, with 48 cases in each group, and were provided with core stability training, all-round intensive exercise training, and core stability training + all-round intensive exercise training, respectively. The interventions for all three groups lasted for 6 months.The clinical efficacy of the three groups was statistically compared, as well as walking parameters (step length, width and speed), trunk control ability, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Wee-Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) scores before intervention, and after 3 and 6 months of intervention.ResultsThe total effective rate of rehabilitation intervention in the combined group was higher than that in the core stability group and the intensive exercise group (PPPPPPPPPPP>0.05).ConclusionAll-round intensive exercise training combined with core stability training can be applied to children with spastic cerebral palsy, and further improve their walking function, trunk control ability and motor function, and relieve their spastic conditions.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the effects of an 8-week core stability training on the kinematics and kinetics of trunk flexion and extension motions in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods: A total of 30 CNSLBP patients with the age range of 25 to 45 years were randomly divided into 2 equally sized groups. The subjects were identified through clinical examination. Before and after the training, tests were applied to assess peak 3-dimensional hip joint moments, peak negative and positive hip joint powers, and lumbopelvic coupling angles during trunk flexion and extension motions. The first group underwent an 8-week core stability training program, including the specific exercise of the deep muscles of abdominal along with the lumbar multifidus co-activation. After the 8-week program, the post-test stage was performed similarly to the pre-test. Results: The main effects of “time” (P=0.029, f=0.84) and “time-by-group” interactions (P=0.03, f=0.16) for hip abductor moments and internal rotator moment (P=0.03, f=0.87) were significant. A trend toward the statistically significant main effect of “time” was found for the coupling angle during the flexion phase (P

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Liuzijue training on balance and respiratory function of stroke patients in recovery stage.MethodsA total of 63 stroke patients in recovery stage who were treated in the department of rehabilitation medicine of Haishu Rehabilitation Hospital (a teaching hospital of Ningbo college of Health Sciences) from January 2020 to March 2021, were recruited and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 31 cases, 32 cases respectively. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment such as physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Besides, the control group received core stability training while the observation group received Liuzijue training. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment for 30 minutes a time, and core stability training or Liuzijue training for 20 minutes a time, once a day, five times a week, lasting for four weeks. The pronunciation order of the Liuzijue were "Xu, He, Hu, Si, Chui, Xi", and the training was conducted by nasal inhalation and oral exhalation, combined with movement guidance. Before and four weeks after treatment, Berg balance score (BBS) was used to evaluate the balance function; Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) was used to evaluate the motor functions; the modified Barthel index (MBI) was used to evaluate the activities of daily living; maximum phonation time (MPT) was used to evaluate the respiratory efficiency; color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure diaphragm thickness, mobility and diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and to evaluate diaphragm function.ResultsCompared with that before treatment, the BBS score, FMA score, MBI score, MPT, diaphragm thickness and mobility at quiet inspiration and at the end of maximum exhalation were significantly increased of both groups after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (PPP>0.05).ConclusionLiuzijue training can effectively improve the balance function, activities of daily living, and respiratory function, and is recommended for clinical application.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the effects of an 8-week core stability training on the kinematics and kinetics of trunk flexion and extension motions in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods: A total of 30 CNSLBP patients with the age range of 25 to 45 years were randomly divided into 2 equally sized groups. The subjects were identified through clinical examination. Before and after the training, tests were applied to assess peak 3-dimensional hip joint moments, peak negative and positive hip joint powers, and lumbopelvic coupling angles during trunk flexion and extension motions. The first group underwent an 8-week core stability training program, including the specific exercise of the deep muscles of abdominal along with the lumbar multifidus co-activation. After the 8-week program, the post-test stage was performed similarly to the pre-test. Results: The main effects of “time” (P=0.029, f=0.84) and “time-by-group” interactions (P=0.03, f=0.16) for hip abductor moments and internal rotator moment (P=0.03, f=0.87) were significant. A trend toward the statistically significant main effect of “time” was found for the coupling angle during the flexion phase (P<0.05, f=1.88), extension phase (P=0.02, f=0.93), and “timexgroup” interaction during the flexion (P<0.05, f=1.96), extension (P=0.01, f=0.96) phases. Conclusion: Core stability training has the potential to improve kinematics and kinetics during trunk flexion and extension motions in patients with CNSLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined and core stability training program with protective measures on selected variables of physical fitness of junior and young volleyball players during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: 15 male volleyball players [18±1.06 yrs.] after the end of the first quarantine period and then after a 12 weeks period of combined and core stability training program emphasizing on physical fitness exercises in compliance with all health protocols, as pre-test and post-test of selected key factors, performed physical fitness including lower limb strength, upper limb and abdomen endurance, as well as flexibility tests. Descriptive statistics, Shapirovik test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (p≤ 0.05). Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the variables of upper limb and trunk muscle endurance as well as muscle flexibility, but in the lower limb strength variable, this difference was not observed in both pre-test and post-test levels. Conclusion: Volleyball coaches and players can benefit from combination and core stability training with health protocols to maintain and improve fitness during the coronavirus epidemic.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the impact of isokinetic strength training (IST) with core stability training (CST) in terms of trunk muscle strength and quality of life (QoL) after surgical repair of incisional hernia in adolescents. Patients and methods: The prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted at the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences between August 2019 and June 2020. Thirty patients (16 males, 14 females; mean age: 17.1±0.6 years; range, 12 to 18 years) who had undergone primary incisional hernia repair surgery were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the IST group of 15 patients who underwent the isokinetic exercise program for trunk muscles and the CST group of 15 patients who practiced the core exercise program. Each group exercised three times per week for six weeks. All patients were assessed pre-and post-treatment by an isokinetic dynamometer for trunk flexors and extensors at 60 and 90°/s angular velocities and the European Registry for Abdominal Wall Hernias (EuraHS)-QoL questionnaire. Results: The trunk flexor and extensor Peak torque/body weight ratio at 60 and 90°/s angular velocities and QoL were significantly improved in both IST and CST groups (p<0.05). The post-treatment values of both groups revealed marked but not statistically significant differences in all measured variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both IST and CST are effective training programs that can improve the strength of trunk flexors and extensors as well as QoL after surgical repair of incisional hernia in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The goal of this "systematic review" and meta-analysis is to find out the efficacy of exercise regimes on balance in badminton players. Study Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Source. Pub Med, "Cochrane database (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)", Google Scholar, Springer, and DOAJ. Eligibility criteria. Limits were applied to database searches to identify papers published in English and only human studies were included. Results. Result of Meta - analysis was statistically significant in "anterior component of Y-balance test" (MD = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.90, 2.89; "p ≤ 0.00001") with low heterogeneity (I² = 0 %, p < 0.41). There was statistically significant improvement in postero-medial component of y-balance (MD = 2.87, 95% CI = 0.55, 5.19; p ≤ 0.02) with "moderate heterogeneity" (I² = 39%, p < 0.19). Result showed statistically significant improvement in postero-lateral component of y-balance test (MD = 3.09, 95% CI = 0.64, 5.65; p ≤ 0.02) with "moderate heterogeneity (I² = 38%, p < 0.20)". There was "statistically significant "improvement in overall balance of y-balance test in "experimental group as compared to control group (MD = 8.49, 95% CI = 4.62,12.36; p ≤ 0.0001) with low heterogeneity (I² = 0%, P < 0.47)". Conclusion. This systematic and meta-analysis concluded that various exercise protocols may result in improvement in the balance of badminton players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of core stability training combined with hyperbaric oxygen on hemorheology, brain energy metabolism, serum nerve growth factor (NGF), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in convalescent patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: 103 convalescent patients with cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 51 cases and 52 cases respectively. The patients in the control group received core stability training, and the patients in the observation group received core stability training combined with hyperbaric oxygen. The curative effect, hemorheology, brain energy metabolism indexes, serum NGF, NSE, MBP levels and related scales were compared between the two groups. Results: The total clinical effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, Lovett muscle strength score of upper / lower limbs increased, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score decreased in the two groups, and the degree of change in the observation group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the whole blood high shear viscosity, hematocrit, whole blood low shear viscosity and plasma viscosity decreased in the two groups, and the degree of change in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, blood oxygen saturation increased, and fasting blood glucose and lactate levels decreased in the two groups, and the degree of change in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, NGF level increased, and NSE, MBP levels decreased in the two groups, and the degree of change in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Core stability training combined with hyperbaric oxygen in convalescent patients with cerebral infarction can promote the improvement of hemorheology and brain energy metabolism, and effectively regulate the levels of serum NGF, NSE and MBP, the curative effect is clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To observe the effect of core stability training based on Bobath concept on motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). Methods: A total of 124 children with SCP were treated in the department of rehabilitation medicine of Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to September 2019, which were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table, with 62 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional rehabilitation treatment, which mainly included anti-spasm (joint movement, passive traction), homework, language, massage, sports training (trunk rotation, hip adduction, pelvic pronation and control, limb movement, standing and balance, walking with legs raised, knee bending), one time a day, 40 min a time, six days a week, continuous treatment for three months. The observation group was given core stability training based on Bobath's concept on the basis of the control group, which mainly included static training (hip extension, hip, knee and ankle flexion, point support, bridge training, etc.) and dynamic training (paddling, trunk support, trunk rotation, chase toy etc.), one time a day, 80 min a time, six days a week, continuous treatment for three months. After treatment for three months, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) was used to assess spasticity; Before treatment and after treatment for one month and three months, the Peabody development motor scale-fine motor (PDMS-FM) was used to assess fine motor function, and the gross motor function measure-88(GMFM-88) was used to assess gross motor function, the Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to assess balance ability, and the activity of daily living scale (ADL) was used to assess the ability of daily living.Results:There was no significant difference in the PDMS-FM, GMFM-88, BBS and ADL scores of the control group and the observation group before treatment (P> 0.05). After treatment for three months, the effective rate of spasticity improvement in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the PDMS-FM, GMFM-88, BBS and ADL scores in the control group and the observation group after treatment for one month and three months were higher; compared with the treatment after one month, the PDMS-FM, GMFM-88, BBS and ADL scores in the control group and the observation group after treatment for three months were higher, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Compared with the control group at the same time, the PDMS-FM, GMFM-88, BBS and ADL scores in the observation group were higher, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05).Conclusion:The core stability training based on Bobath concept can effectively improve the spasticity symptoms, motor function, balance function and activities of daily living of children with SCP, it's worthy of further clinical promotion.

Objective:To observe the effect of respiratory training combined with core stability training on motor function, balance function and daily life ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:A total of 74 children with spastic cerebral palsy who were treated in the deparment of child rehabilitation of Xiangya fraternity rehabilitation hospital from March to December 2019, which were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table, with 37 cases in each group.In the course of treatment, two cases dropped in each group, and finally 35 cases were included in each group.The control group was given core stability training on the basis of routine rehabilitation training.The routine rehabilitation training mainly included stretching training, joint range of motion training and occupational therapy, 10 minutes each time.Core stability training mainly included bypass training, sitting up training, suspension system training and Bobath ball training, 40 minutes per time.On the basis of routine rehabilitation training in the control group, the core stability training time of the observation group reduced from 40 minutes to 20 minutes each time, and then received respiratory training, 20 minutes each time.Respiratory training mainly includes abdominal respiratory training(7 min per time), chest expanding exercise training(3 min per time), respiratory aid method training(4 min per time), and anti blocking respiratory training(6 min per time).All the above items were trained twice a day, five times a week, continuous treatment for three months.Before and after treatment for three months, D and E functional domains of gross motor function measure scale-88(GMFM-88)was used to assess the gross motor function such as standing, walking, running and jumping; the Berg balance scale(BBS)was used to assess the balance function;and the Barthel index(BI)was used to assess the daily life activity ability.Results:Before treatment, there were no significant difference in the D and E functional domains scores of GMFM-88, BBS scores and BI scores between the two groups, with no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Compared with before treatment, the D and E functional domains of scores GMFM-88, BBS scores, BI scores of the both groups after treatment for three months were significantly improved, with statistically significant differences(PP

Aims: Liuzijue Qigong (LQG) exercise is a traditional Chinese exercise method in which breathing and pronunciation are combined with movement guidance. Breathing is closely related to balance, and LQG, as a special breathing exercise, can be applied to balance dysfunction after stroke. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical effects of short-term LQG exercise on balance function in patients recovering from stroke. Methods: Stroke patients were randomly divided into an Intervention Group (IG) (n = 80) and a Control Group (CG) (n = 80). The IG received conventional rehabilitation training plus LQG and the CG received conventional rehabilitation training plus Core Stability Training (CST). All patients received treatment once a day, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcome measures were static standing and sitting balance with eyes open and closed, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and diaphragm thickness and mobility during quiet breath (QB) and deep breath (DB). Results: Compared with the CG, the IG showed significant improvement in the BBS (10.55 ± 3.78 vs. 9.06 ± 4.50, P = 0.039), MPT (5.41 ± 4.70 vs. 5.89 ± 5.24, P = 0.001), MBI (12.88 ± 6.45 vs. 10.00 ± 4.84, P = 0.003), diaphragmatic mobility during QB (0.54 ± 0.73 vs. 0.33 ± 0.40, P = 0.01) and diaphragmatic mobility during DB (0.99 ± 1.32 vs. 0.52 ± 0.77, P = 0.003), Cop trajectory in the standing position with eyes open (−108.34 ± 108.60 vs. −89.00 ± 140.11, P = 0.034) and Cop area in the standing positions with eyes open (−143.79 ± 431.55 vs. −93.29 ± 223.15, P = 0.015), Cop trajectory in the seating position with eyes open (−19.95 ± 23.35 vs. −12.83 ± 26.64, P = 0.001) and Cop area in the seating position with eyes open (−15.83 ± 9.61 vs. −11.29 ± 9.17, P = 0.002). Conclusions: The short-term LQG combined with conventional rehabilitation training significantly improved the balance functions of stroke patients. It also improved static standing and sitting balance with the eyes open, diaphragm functions, maximum phonation time and the quality of daily life for stroke patients. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=25313&htm=4, Identifier: ChiCTR1800014864. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the effects of core stability training combined with Wuqinxi on cervical pain, cervical function and quality of life in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type (NTCs). 80 NTCS patients were selected and divided into control group (core stability training) and study group (core stability training combined with Wuqinxi) with 40 cases each according to the random number table. The curative effect, cervical pain, cervical function and quality of life were compared between the two groups. The total clinical effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of intervention, the score of neck visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased gradually, and the degree of decline in the study group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the NDI score of the two groups decreased, decrease degree in the study group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the activities of cervical flexion, extension, left rotation and right rotation increased, and the degree of decline in the study group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the scores of SF-36 in both groups were higher than those before intervention, and the degree of increase in the study group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). Core stability training combined with Wuqinxi can alleviate cervical pain, improve cervical function and improve the quality of life of NTCs patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual impairments affect all motion aspects of individuals. Movement as the most important tool of physical education is an important factor to improve the health of people with disabilities. The present study aims to investigate the effect of six weeks of core stability training on postural control, risk of falling, and function of blind people. Material and methods: Thirty-two blind males were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental and the control one. In order to evaluate the postural control, the Berg balance scale, the modified stork stand balance test, and the tandem walking test were used. To evaluate the risk of falling and function, the Timed Get up & Go and Tinetti tests were employed, respectively. Data were analysed via MANOVA statistical analysis test at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Results showed that, after 6 weeks of core stability training, a significant increase was observed in postural control scores, function, and risk of falling in the experimental group compared to the control group and the pre-test condition (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the importance of mobility, especially in people with visual disabilities, the use of core stability training.

Background: Balance impairment is related to breast cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six-week resistance training with Thera-Band and combined training (training with Thera-Band and core stability training) on static and dynamic balance in breast cancer survivors. Methods: In this randomized controlled trail, we divided 75 patients with breast cancer into three groups: 1) resistance training group (n=25, age= 46±5.82, BMI= 25.7±3.9), combined training group, (n=25, age= 48.9 ± 7.06, BMI=24.6 ± 3.5), and control group (n=25, age= 46±7.15, BMI= 25.17±3.7). Afterwards, we employed Single leg standing and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) to measure the static balance; Four Square Step Test (FSST) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) were further used for dynamic balance in pre- and post-test. Exercise program was performed by two training groups for six weeks and three sessions per week. Resistance training with Thera-Band group performed 13 resistance trainings with Thera-Band. In combined group, resistance training was similar to Thera-Band group, but combined group were performed seven core stability trainings. We analyzed the data by two-way repeated measurements ANOVA using the software package SPSS V.22. Results: Results showed that there were no significant interaction effects indicating an exercise specific development, depending on the type of exercise or control condition (P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant deference among the resistance training with Thera-Band, the combined exercise, and the control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the six-week resistance training with Thera- Band and combined training (training with Thera-Band and core stability training) has no positive effects on static and dynamic balance in breast cancer survivors. We recommend that more studies be conducted in this regard.

AimsLiuzijue Qigong (LQG) exercise is a traditional Chinese exercise method in which breathing and pronunciation are combined with movement guidance. Breathing is closely related to balance, and LQG, as a special breathing exercise, can be applied to balance dysfunction after stroke. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical effects of short-term LQG exercise on balance function in patients recovering from stroke.MethodsStroke patients were randomly divided into an Intervention Group (IG) (n = 80) and a Control Group (CG) (n = 80). The IG received conventional rehabilitation training plus LQG and the CG received conventional rehabilitation training plus Core Stability Training (CST). All patients received treatment once a day, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcome measures were static standing and sitting balance with eyes open and closed, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and diaphragm thickness and mobility during quiet breath (QB) and deep breath (DB).ResultsCompared with the CG, the IG showed significant improvement in the BBS (10.55 ± 3.78 vs. 9.06 ± 4.50, P = 0.039), MPT (5.41 ± 4.70 vs. 5.89 ± 5.24, P = 0.001), MBI (12.88 ± 6.45 vs. 10.00 ± 4.84, P = 0.003), diaphragmatic mobility during QB (0.54 ± 0.73 vs. 0.33 ± 0.40, P = 0.01) and diaphragmatic mobility during DB (0.99 ± 1.32 vs. 0.52 ± 0.77, P = 0.003), Cop trajectory in the standing position with eyes open (−108.34 ± 108.60 vs. −89.00 ± 140.11, P = 0.034) and Cop area in the standing positions with eyes open (−143.79 ± 431.55 vs. −93.29 ± 223.15, P = 0.015), Cop trajectory in the seating position with eyes open (−19.95 ± 23.35 vs. −12.83 ± 26.64, P = 0.001) and Cop area in the seating position with eyes open (−15.83 ± 9.61 vs. −11.29 ± 9.17, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe short-term LQG combined with conventional rehabilitation training significantly improved the balance functions of stroke patients. It also improved static standing and sitting balance with the eyes open, diaphragm functions, maximum phonation time and the quality of daily life for stroke patients.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=25313&htm=4, Identifier: ChiCTR1800014864.

Objective:To investigate the effects of core stability training combined with extracorporeal shock wave on patients with lumbar disc herniation.Methods:A total of 90 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated in Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were randomly assigned to the Core stability training group, the Extracorporeal shock wave group and the Combined group, with 30 cases in each group. The Extracorporeal shock wave group was given extracorporeal shock wave treatment with parameters of voltage 6 kV, frequency of 10 to 15 MHz, pressure of 1.5 to 2.5 bar, 2 000 times of impact, energy intensity of 0.16 mJ/mm2, 2 times per week, 3 consecutive months. The Core stability training group received core stability training. SPS-F11 multi-point multi-axis suspension rehabilitation training system was applied, under the guidance of the same rehabilitation doctor. Following the principle of gradual progression, the training time and frequency were slowly increased, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, including supine position, lateral position and prone position training, 40 minutes each time, 5 times a week, continuous treatment for 3 months. The Combined group was given core stability training and extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and the method was the same as above. The pain degree was evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS) before treatment, 3 months of treatment and 6 months after treatment. The lumbar spine function was evaluated by Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI). SF-36 quality of life scale (SF-36) was used to evaluate the overall health status of the patients. The effective rate was calculated at 3 months of the treatment. The adverse reactions were recorded and all the patients were followed up for one year after the treatment. The recurrence of the three groups was observed.Results:There was no significant difference in VAS, ODI and SF-36 scores among the three groups before the treatment (P> 0.05). At 3 months of treatment and 6 months after treatment, the VAS score and ODI score in the three groups were lower than those before the treatment (P< 0.05), the SF-36 score were higher than those before the treatment (P< 0.05), and the changes of VAS score and ODI score in the Combined group were most obvious compared with the Core stability training group and the Extracorporeal shock wave group (P< 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the effective rate in the Combined group was higher than that in the Core stability training group (P< 0.05), and the effective rate in the two groups was higher respectively than that in the Extracorporeal shock wave group (P< 0.05). One year after the treatment, the recurrence rate in the Combined group was significantly lower than that in the Core stability training group and the Extracorporeal shock wave group (P< 0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in the three groups during the treatment.Conclusion:Core stability training combined with extracorporeal shock wave treatment has the better effect on lumbar disc herniation, and can enhance lumbar function and relieve lumbar pain, which is safe and not easy to relapse.

Aim of this research was investigate of 8 week core stability and endurance exercise on backe pain and CRP serum levels in the male workers with chronic low back pain. This research was a semi-expreimental study and male workers 30-40 years Pars Khodro factory in 1394 that formed the statistical population. 30 person selected from among volunteers, and were divided into two groups of combined training (core stability, endurance) (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). In the baseline stage evaluated the amount of back pain with McGill pain questionnaire and also CRP levels through brachial blood samples. The members of the experimental group participated in 8-week exercise that included three days a week training core stability exercises and three days a week endurance exercise, and the control group were barred from participating in regularly exercise. After eight weeks, the amount of pain and the level of CRP were measured in both groups. Our findings showed that 8 week core stability and enduance exercise leads to a signifiance reduction of back pain and CRP levels (P=0.001). Also, there was a significant association between CRP level and the amount of back pain in workers men as a result of participating in the training program (P=0.018).Due to the combined effects of core stability exercises and aerobic exercises to reduce pain and inflammation, people working in different professions can be used to reduce back pain or prevent it, to participate in this type of training.

Nowadays, due to lifestyle changes, the number of young people suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is gradually increasing. The recent guidelines for the treatment of low back pain emphasize that exercise therapy is the preferred treatment method for CNLBP. This study take ordinary college male students with CNLBP as objective of the study, focused into how core stability training affected the pain and muscle function of the CNLBP of youth. Herein, 60 male subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, and conducted a randomized control trial in the Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory of Guangxi Normal University from September to October 2023. The control group received traditional waist strength training, while the experimental group received core stability training. VAS scores, pain symptoms scores and clinical efficacy grades were evaluated. Waist muscles fitness was evaluated, including back muscle strength, the prone upper body up's static holding time, 1-min modified sit-ups' pcs, the supine abdominal curling's static holding time and the supine leg raising's static holding time. Waist movement function was also evaluated using oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from rectus abdominis, erector spinae and multifidus. The independent sample t -test was used to compare groups, and the paired sample t -test was used for the data comparison before and post-exercise within the group. The results of the study found that CNLBP was improved in both the experimental and control groups in the post-exercise. Compared to pre-exercise, there are significant decrease in the VAS scores (95%CI: 2.51 to 6.51, p = 0.000), pain symptoms scores (95%CI: 2.95 to 3.55, p = 0.000), waist movement function's evaluation scores for ODI (95%CI: 2.23 to 4.31, p = 0.000), rectus abdominis' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.29 to 4.39, p = 0.000), erector spinae and multifidus' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.18 to 4.45, p = 0.000) of experimental group in the post-exercise. Compared to pre-exercise, there are significant improvement in the back muscle strength (95%CI: 12.85 to 19.49, p = 0.000), the prone upper body up's static holding time (95%CI: 9.67 to 19.17, p = 0.000), the 1-min modified sit-ups' pcs (95%CI: 8.56 to 18.12, p = 0.000), the supine abdominal curling's static holding time (95%CI: 6.73 to 19.14, p = 0.000), and the supine leg raising's static holding time (95%CI: 8.21 to 18.35, p = 0.000) of experimental group in the post-exercise. In the post-exercise,there are significant lower in the VAS scores (95%CI: 1.41 to 4.98, p = 0.000), pain symptoms scores (95%CI: 1.14 to 1.79, p = 0.011), waist movement function's evaluation scores for ODI (95%CI: 1.13 to 2.25, p = 0.000), rectus abdominis' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.36 to 4.47, p = 0.000), erector spinae and multifidus' IEMG values (95%CI: 2.24 to 4.23, p = 0.017) of experimental group than those of control group. In the post-exercise, there are significant higher in the recovery rate (p = 0.000), the prone upper body up's static holding time (95%CI: 4.16 to 8.32, p = 0.008), and the supine abdominal curling's static holding time (95%CI: 3.89 to 7.44, p = 0.000) of experimental group than those of control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that core stability training is significantly effective in treating CNLBP in youth, enhancing lower back muscle function. This therapeutic effect is primarily attributed to the improvement in muscle function., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background and objective The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of short-term off-season training (competition) on body composition, physical fitness, and isokinetic muscle functions of XC skiers. Materials and Methods Seven XC skiers, including two national team members and five reserve national team members, participated in the study. Short-term off-season XC ski training was conducted for over 4 weeks (August– September). The physical composition, basic physical fitness, and isokinetic muscle function tests were conducted at S hospital in Seoul, South Korea before and after off-season ski training. The training program was conducted in New Zealand at S cross-country ski stadium (altitude 1350 m) in afternoons, and the ground training was conducted at Y area (altitude 300 m) in afternoons. The main training directions were polarized training and core stability. Weight training was not available because of local conditions. Results The short-term off-season XC ski training showed no differences (p>0.05) in body composition, such as weight, muscle mass, and body fat. There were significant differences (p0.05) in the antebrachial, femoral, and crural muscles. Basic physical fitness tests showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in strength, flexibility, agility, and balance. However, the power ratio between the right and left grip strength showed significant difference (p0.05) in both knee extensions before and after training, but, in contrast, there were significant differences (right knee, p0.05) between before and after training measurements. Conclusion Short-term off-season XC ski training (competition) of 4 weeks increased XC skiers’ cross-section area of the chest and brachial muscle. It also improved the isokinetic muscle function of knee joints and the power of lower body. Our research is expected to provide basic information for XC skiers who plan ski training and competition during summer training period. However, further studies on the differences between roller-skating and ski training conducted during summers are needed.

Visual impairments as an individual constraint can lead to the lack of adequate visual perception and overshadow children’s all developmental aspects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a course of core stability training on fundamental skills in visually impaired boys. 30 visually impaired children (age range: 5-7 years) were selected by convenience sampling method. After the Ulrich pretest, they were randomly divided into two groups: the core stability training group and the ordinary daily activities. The experimental group participated in the core stability training for 16 sessions, each session 45 minutes. The control group carried out their daily activities. The results of mixed analysis of variance 2 × 2 and Bonferroni post hoc test indicated a significant difference in scores between the two groups so that the subjects of the experimental group outperformed the control group in all locomotors subscales (P

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of core stability training in improving the fine motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: A total of 106 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to visiting time with 53 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation training, while the observation group was given core stability training for 12 weeks on the basis of the control group. The gross motor function, general motor function and fine motor function in both groups were assessed by Peabody motor development scale before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment.Results:After treatment, scores of gross motor quotient (GMQ) and total motor quotient (TMQ) in both groups were higher than those before treatment (PPPP

Background: Balance impairment is related to breast cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six-week resistance training with Thera-Band and combined training (training with Thera-Band and core stability training) on static and dynamic balance in breast cancer survivors. Methods: In this randomized controlled trail, we divided 75 patients with breast cancer into three groups: 1) resistance training group (n=25, age= 46±5.82, BMI= 25.7±3.9), combined training group, (n=25, age= 48.9 ± 7.06, BMI=24.6 ± 3.5), and control group (n=25, age= 46±7.15, BMI= 25.17±3.7). Afterwards, we employed Single leg standing and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) to measure the static balance; Four Square Step Test (FSST) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) were further used for dynamic balance in pre- and post-test. Exercise program was performed by two training groups for six weeks and three sessions per week. Resistance training with Thera-Band group performed 13 resistance trainings with Thera-Band. In combined group, resistance training was similar to Thera-Band group, but combined group were performed seven core stability trainings. We analyzed the data by two-way repeated measurements ANOVA using the software package SPSS V.22. Results: Results showed that there were no significant interaction effects indicating an exercise specific development, depending on the type of exercise or control condition (P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant deference among the resistance training with Thera-Band, the combined exercise, and the control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the six-week resistance training with Thera- Band and combined training (training with Thera-Band and core stability training) has no positive effects on static and dynamic balance in breast cancer survivors. We recommend that more studies be conducted in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To explore bicycling technique and its connection with spinal core stability.Methods:Core bicycling technique including body positioning technique pedaling technique were discussed based on literature review. Stability mechanism of lumbar vertebrae and cervical vertebrae including collaborative limbs force and levator ani, abdomen, corresponding training effect of body sway on the local stability of muscles were analyzed.Results:Bicycling plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of spinal diseases, and it is one of the effective training to strengthen the stability of spine. Moreover, as a representative aerobic exercise, whole body movement helps to speed up the recovery of spinal disease.Conclusion:The value of bicycling in the prevention and treatment of spinal disease is worth further digging, and the study about bicycling would provide a more open approach to the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases such as cervical spondylosis and chronic low back pain.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of core stability exercises on the counter balance and dynamic balance ability of tennis club members and to provide the basic data for developing the training methods for improving the athletic performance and injury prevention through physical imbalance. METHODS In order to achieve these goals, 12 subjects who are currently registered as a player in the having 5 years or more athletic career. As a result of observing improvements on counter balance and dynamic balance ability using the core stability exercises, the following conclusion was derived. RESULTS As for the counter balance ability, there were no significant differences between pre- and post-values in the exercise group after completing the core stabilization program. As for the dynamic balance ability, there were significant differences between pre- and post-values in the exercise group, except for down (D) postures, whereas, there were no changes or decreases between pre- and post-values in the control group after completing the core stabilization program. Meanwhile, in the aspect of comparisons between post-values in both groups, there were significant improvements in up-right (UR), right (R), down-right (DR), down/left (DL), left (L), up/left (UL), and overall dynamic scores (OVE) of the exercise group. In the aspect of comparisons between post-values in both groups, there were significant improvements in only the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS When concluding the results of this study, it was found that core stability exercises was an effective exercise in the improvement of counter balance and dynamic balance ability of tennis club members. In addition, in order to have precise and stable movements through stabilization of position improvement of physical imbalance, it is thought to require a suitable training development for tennis club members along with repetitive training.

Top tank walking as a form of sports or games, which can strengthen the balance of the body and help prevent and treat spinal diseases. By literature research methods and using the principles of spine kinematics, this paper analyzed the correlation between the rehabilitation mechanism of top tank walking and spinal stability training principle. The study found that top tank walking can mobilize and maintain the relevant muscle groups in the spine posture effectively, affect the deep muscles of the cervical vertebrae, the chest and lumbar muscles, and stimulate the activity of the local stable muscles of the spine; the spine rehabilitation training of using top tank or top tank walking, should based on the fatigue of the patient's muscle contraction, step by step, while paying attention to the principle of specificity and individuality. Top tank walking can be tried clinically as one of the personalized exercise prescriptions for spinal rehabilitation training.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 10-week Core Stability Training (CST) compared to Traditional Strength Training (TST) on the balance abilities of adolescent male basketball players. Methods: Subjects (age: 15.70 ± 0.75, height: 178.4 ± 8.31, weight: 66.55 ± 8.34) were randomly assigned to either the Core Stability Training group or the Traditional Strength Training group. Three selected balance assessment indicators included the Single-leg Standing with Eyes Closed Test, Star Excursion Balance Test, and Core Four-Direction Endurance Test. Results: 1) The scores were significantly different in both groups before and after the Single-leg Standing with Eyes Closed Test; ( p < 0.01, d = 1.692, d = 1.837); 2) In the Star Excursion Balance Test, the scores of the experimental group showed significant difference ( p < 0.05) or highly significant difference ( p < 0.01) with an average effect size of ( d = 1.727) when the left or right foot supported in the other directions before and after the training. However, there was no significant difference in scores in the c direction when the left foot supported ( p > 0.05, d = 0.954); 3) In the Core Four-Direction Endurance Test, there were no significant differences in scores for the control group before and after training ( p > 0.05, d = 0.567), while the experimental group showed significant differences in scores before and after training ( p < 0.05, d = 1.889). Discussion: Both CST and TST were effective in enhancing the balance abilities of adolescent basketball players. CST, in particular, demonstrated improvements in dynamic balance and agility across multiple planes. Basketball coaches are encouraged to consider incorporating CST training programs into their overall training plans for optimal balance enhancement., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gong, Gao, Sui and Qi.)

Objective:To study the internal relation between Liuzijue of Qigong and core stability training of lumbar spine in principles of rehabilitation medicine.Methods:The basic concepts of respiratory training for abdominal breathing and reverse abdominal breathing were investigated.7 similarities and differences of core concepts and elements between Liuzijue and core stability training were compared through analyzing and summarizing up the breathing of Liuzijue and the activation techniques and mechanisms for local stable muscle between breathing of Liuzijue and core of stability training of lumbar spine.Results:Both Liuzijue and activation training of local stable muscle of lumbar spine were based on reverse abdominal breathing. They can constantly strengthen the ability of the active control of abdominal muscle, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscle and so on. Both Liuzijue and activation training had the same rehabilitation concept. But there were obvious differences in the actual training method and training mode between them, such as Liuzijue was characterized by"guidance and orientation, unify the body and soul", and emphasized the gradual transition from"consciousness strengthening"and"slight attention"to the natural state. However, the activation training of local stable muscle of lumbar spine emphasized on the continuous consciousness enhancement for the training action, and improvement of muscle strength, endurance and coordination capacity.Conclusion:There is a close relationship between Liuzijue and activation training of local stable muscle of lumbar spine in principles of rehabilitation medicine, and both of them can learn from each other. The fact will help to further understand the important role of breathing training and the local stable muscle of lumbar spine in the prevention and treatment of spinal diseases, to provide a more open way for the treatment of chronic lumbago-leg pain.

Introduction: Functional ankle instability is the most common residual and debilitating symptoms of acute ankle sprain leading to lose of training and competition in athletes. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of six weeks core stability training on dynamic postural control in individuals with chronic ankle sprain. Materials and Methods: Thirty people were randomized to the experimental or control group. A pretest-posttest control group design was used to evaluate the intervention. The 6-week intervention (core stability exercises) used for experimental group and conventional physiotherapy for both groups. All subjects were tested before the beginning of the core-stabilization training program (pretest) and immediately after the conclusion of the 6-week program (posttest). Pretesting and posttesting consisted of the star excursion balance test (SEBT) .Analysis of covariance compared outcomes between groups. The paired t test compared results within groups. A significant level of 0.05 was set for all analyses. Results: Results showed significant differences in mean of SEBT (in all directions) in the experimental and control group in post-test (P < 0.05), but improvement of balance in experimental group was greater than control group and this difference was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that core stability training can lead to improve dynamic balance in patients with chronic ankle sprain. Therefore, this type of training is recommended to be considered as a therapeutic option for this population of patients.

Purpose: This research aimed to study the effect of 8 weeks core stability training on static balance of the children with Down syndrome. Methods: A total of 16 children with Down syndrome from rehabilitation center of Noor Abad City were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups of control (n=8) and experimental (n=8). At the pretest and posttest, subjects’ static balances were evaluated by modified stork stand test. The training program was conducted in 8 weeks, 3 times a week, and each session lasted 45-60 minutes. Statistical analysis was done by dependent and independent t test using SPSS version 21 (P≤ 0.05). Results: Our results indicated a 67% progress in static balance (3.64 s) in the experimental group (P= 0.0001) and their 84% superiority (4.14 s) over the control group in the posttest (P= 0.0001). Conclusion: According to these results, core stability training improves the static balance of the children with Down syndrome and can be used in their rehabilitation program.

Objective: To study the effect of core stability training(CST) on crawling ability and activities of daily living ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy(SCP). Methods: A total of 134 children with SCP, who were treated in Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital from January 2015 to February 2017, were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into observation group(n=67) and control group(n=67). The control group was given routine training, while the observation group was given CST, the two groups were treated for 3 months. The curative effect of the two groups, climbing ability scores and activities of daily living ability scores before and after 3 months of treatment were compared. Results: The total effective rate(95.52%) of the observation group was significantly higher than that(85.07%) of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the climbing ability scores in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the observation group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the activities of daily living ability scores in the two groups was significantly higher than those before treatment, and the observation group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: CST can improve the crawling ability and activities of daily living ability in children with SCP. The training measures can be applied to strengthen the motor function of children in the course of clinical treatment, so as to promote a better prognosis, which is worthy to be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of core stability training on preventing the fall in elderly osteoporosis patients． Methods From July in 2015 to June in 2016，120 patients with osteoporosis and high-risk of Morse fall assessment in our hospital，were randomly divided into control group and research group，with 60 patients in each group． Patients in control group received routine interventional treatment and general fall intervention． Patients in research group received additional core stability training on the basis of control group treatment． After 1 year，VAS grade，gait analysis result ，low limb muscle testing，and the incidence of falls were evaluated and compared before and after the treatment and between the two groups． Ｒesults All of these indicators in both groups improved after the intervention． Among them，the control group improved slightly，and the experimental group improved significantly after the treatment and was better than the former． Furthermore，the incidence of falls and the degree of fall injury in the experimental group decreased significantly． Conclusion Core stability training can effectively alleviate the waist pain，improve the balance function and low limb muscle strength in patients with osteoporosis． So the training is one of the effective measures to prevent fall，and is expected to become important part of nursing path to senile osteoporosis patients． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lumbopelvic stability training (LPST) andmassage therapy are common therapies used for pain reduction and management of low back pain. However, the effects of LPST and sports massage therapy (SMT) for management of chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP) among elite weightlifters have never been studied before. Objectives: The current study investigates the therapeutic effects of LPST and SMT on pain intensity (PI), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and tissue blood flow (TBF) among elite weightlifters with CLBP. Methods: A total of 16 female athletes training for the international and Olympic weightlifting competitions participated in a randomized balanced cross-over study. The athletes were randomized into three sessions of LPST and SMT with a time interval of 24 hours within sessions and a wash out period of 4 weeks between the sessions. The PI, PPT and TBF were measured before and after each session repeatedly in both groups of interventions. The changes in the PI, PPT and TBF within and between the groups were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]. Results: The results demonstrated a reduction of PI (P = 0.01), increase in PPT (P = 0.01) and improvement of TBF (P = 0.01) among the participants in both groups of interventions. The SMT group showed a trend of greater therapeutic benefits when compared to LPST group especially in PI (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest positive evidence on the therapeutic effects of LPST and SMT for management of CLBP among elite weightlifters with improvement in PI, PPT and TBF. Coaches, clinicians, and athletes may consider LPST and SMT as useful interventions for management of CLBP among elite weightlifters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Despite the widespread popularity of the core stability trainings, research has not yet to establish specific guidelines that provide the most beneficial and deliberate protocols for young athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8-week stable surface core stability training program on static and dynamic balance tasks with dominant and non-dominant foot stance among twelve-year-old soccer players. Fifteen of the soccer players were in the experimental group (Age=148.67±3.37 months, Height=154.19±9.43 cm, Weight=45.52±7.91 kg), 11 of them were (Age=145.73±3.84 months, Height=152.36±6.05 cm, Weight=45.19±7.85 kg) in the control group. Protocol was progressive as from static stable surface movements to dynamic stable surface exercises. Static and dynamic balance measured by Force Platform. Participants performed time-to-stabilization test for dynamic balance task. Averaged mean sway value in Anterio-Posterior and Medio-Lateral direction was used to evaluate unilateral static balance task. The effect of implemented program on dynamic and static balance performances were assessed by 2 x 2 univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. Participating in soccer exercises improved dynamic balance for both dominant and nondominant foot (p<0.05). Only significant interaction of implemented program and time was observed for dominant foot (p<0.05). However, no main effect of implemented program on dynamic balance performance for dominant and non-dominant foot and no implementation x time interaction for non-dominant foot were observed (p>0.05). Significant effect was observed for implementation in Medio-Lateral direction for dominant foot (p<0.05). We conclude that eight weeks stable surface core stability training might be added into exercise programs for improving stabilization after landing and static balance performance in specific directions among junior soccer players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]