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Background: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is considered a mind and body practice of Chinese origin, considered as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO, and recommended by the World Health Organization as a therapeutic approach to prevent falls. Objective: To assess the effects of TCC on older adult's balance. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted by two independent reviewers using the ROB2 tool to assess the risk of bias under the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and LILACS. A meta-analysis of the selected articles for the dynamic and static balance criteria was conducted in a population of older adults (over 65 years) with publications from 2010 to 2024. Results: Eighteen randomized clinical trials fulfilled the criteria. TCC improves dynamic balance in the timed up and go and gait speeds tests, and static balance in the single-leg test and functional reach test when compared with the control group in the meta-analysis. Adverse events were found in only one study, and the training parameters were heterogeneous. Conclusion: TCC improves older adults with both dynamic and static balance. The results of the parameters indicate a direction in which TCC is prescribed for clinical practice with minimal or no risk of adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurological disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs, significantly affecting gait capacity (endurance and speed). Although specific interventions have been already investigated, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, structured neurorehabilitation programs to improve gait capacity in adults with HSP. Thus, this protocol aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a composite training targeting flexibility, muscle strength, motor control, balance, and aerobic capacity. Methods: 20 adults diagnosed with HSP will participate in 10 to 16 therapist-guided sessions (intervention), lasting 60 to 120 minutes each, occurring once or twice weekly based on individual preferences. Depending on the number and frequency of sessions, the intervention period may vary in between five to 10 weeks. Upon completion, participants will receive a transfer package (manual, video tutorials) to stimulate long-term exercise at home. Assessments will take place before intervention (T0), at the end of the intervention (T1), and 12 weeks post-T1 (T2). Primary outcomes will focus on feasibility (recruitment, retention, adherence, absence of adverse events, and patient's satisfaction). Secondary outcomes will evaluate improvements in gait capacity and specific contributing factors such as reduced spasticity, increased muscle strength, and improved balance. Relevance: The significance of this protocol is to provide valuable insights for clinicians regarding the feasibility and potential efficacy of a comprehensive, clinical-oriented program to improve gait capacity in adults with HSP, and inform future translational research studies in the field. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06742697. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The core stability program is commonly utilized as an intervention method to improve postural control. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of core stability exercises on upper limb reaching in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP). For this purpose, 30 hemiparetic CP children of both sexes were recruited for the study. The children were between the ages of 4 and 6. According to the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the degree of spasticity varied from 1 to 1 + , and for children who were selected, the average Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) ranged from 25 to 42. Children were assigned into two groups at random (study group and control group). The pediatric reach test (PRT) was used to assess each child both before and after two consecutive months of therapy. The children in both groups received the same program of selected physical therapy exercises, but the children in the study group also performed the selected physical therapy program in addition to the core stability exercises. Results: By comparing the mean values of all assessed variables before and after therapy, both groups improved significantly (p = 0.0001). When comparing post-treatment outcomes, there were significant differences between the control and study groups in all assessed variables (p = 0.0001) in favor of the study group. Conclusion: Core stability exercises may be used to improve reaching in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Trial registration: This study was authorized by the Faculty of Physical Therapy's ethics committee under the number "REC/012/003125" and registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with the number "NCT05316090" on 9 April 2022 retrospectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: A randomized controlled trial using a pretest-posttest control group design. Purpose: This study investigated the effects of core stabilization exercises (CSEs) on cervical sagittal vertical alignment (cSVA), Cobb's angle, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores in patients with forward head posture (FHP). Overview of Literature: FHP is a local poor neck posture. However, it is frequently caused by sagittal lumbopelvic malalignment. Therefore, an alternative view by which we can begin proximal neuromuscular control is necessary. Methods: This study included 36 patients with FHP with a mean age of 27±2.63 years. These patients were randomly assigned to the two following groups: experimental group A (n=19), which received CSEs and postural correctional exercises (PCEs), , and control group B (n=17), which received only the PCE program. Randomization was performed using the computer-generated block randomization method. Training was applied 3 times per week and lasted for 6 weeks. Data were collected before and after training using lateral view cervical X-ray and NDI. Results: Two-way mixed-design multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant improvements in mean cSVA and NDI values after training (p<0.05) in experimental group (A) compared with pre-training values, whereas no significant differences in these values were observed after training in the control group. In contrast, no significant difference in the mean Cobb angle values after training was observed between the groups. Conclusions: Adding CSEs to PCEs is more effective than performing PCEs alone for managing FHP. The trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry under the registration number NCT06160245. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a baseball pitch, energy is transferred from the lower extremities through the lumbopelvic junction to the upper extremity. Reduced lumbopelvic stability has been associated with elbow injuries, but the mechanisms are unclear. To characterize the predictive ability of lumbopelvic stability on elbow-varus torque during a baseball pitch. Cross-sectional study. Facilities at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities. A total of 44 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball players (age = 19.6 ± 1.3 years, height = 190 ± 10 cm, mass = 90.1 ± 6.3 kg). Pitchers completed a warm-up and then threw 10 fastballs from a mound to a catcher. During the pitches, elbow-varus torque was recorded using an inertial measurement unit, and ball velocity was recorded using a radar gun. Participants also completed a single-legged step-down (SLSD) task with and without a cognitive Stroop, and triplanar pelvic and trunk kinematics were recorded using inertial measurement units. Statistical analysis consisted of a cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and a multivariate logistic regression model. Cluster analysis identified 2 clusters: low torque–high velocity and high torque–low velocity. The principal components analysis identified 4 patterns of variability (principal components) during the SLSD: (1) sagittal plane, (2) transverse plane, (3) frontal-plane trail leg, and (4) frontal-plane lead leg. Logistic regression models indicated increased transverse-plane trunk (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.1, 8.0; P =.04) and increased pelvis motion (odds ratio = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1, 6.0; P =.03) predicted higher odds of belonging to the high torque–low velocity cluster. Lumbopelvic movement assessed during the SLSD can identify deficits that relate to high elbow torque–low ball velocity during the baseball pitch. Specifically, higher transverse-plane pelvis and trunk motion were independently associated with pitchers in the high torque–low velocity cluster. Our assessment of trunk and pelvis motion during an SLSD provides a method for coaches and clinicians to identify a potential risk factor related to increased elbow-varus torque and decreased ball velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise is a key component of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) management. As telerehabilitation has become a viable solution for delivering remote care, the effectiveness of core stability exercises via this method remains under-researched. Aim: To compare the effects of telerehabilitation-based synchronous versus asynchronous core stability exercises on core muscle endurance, spinal mobility, disease activity, physical function, and quality of life in patients with axSpA. Methods: Forty-four patients with axSpA were randomly assigned to a synchronous exercise group (n = 22, 14 females) performing real-time exercises supervised by a physiotherapist, or an asynchronous group (n = 22, 10 females) following pre-recorded exercise videos. Core endurance tests, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL), and functional mobility tests (timed-up-and-go and chair stand tests) were used to assess outcomes. Perceived change was evaluated at post-treatment using the 5-point Global Rating of Change (GRoC) scale. Results: The synchronous group demonstrated greater changes in core endurance, BASMI, BASDAI, ASQoL, BASFI, and functional mobility tests (p < 0.05) compared to asynchronous group. Asynchronous group displayed improvement only in core endurance, ASQoL, chair stand test, and some BASMI parameters (p < 0.05). Notably, 100% of participants in the synchronous group reported their condition as improved, compared to 50% in the asynchronous group shown by GRoC. Conclusion: Supervised core stability exercises delivered by using a synchronous telerehabilitation program may provide better outcomes compared to unsupervised video-based exercise program. Trial registration: This study is prospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06000072). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Various treatments have been recommended to address this prevalent issue, with core stability and McKenzie exercises being among the most evidence-based options. However, recent comparative studies lack mechanical assessment and functional tests. This study compares the effects of core stability and McKenzie exercises on the range of motion, pain, disability, and function in patients with mechanical low back pain. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 22 patients received core stability exercises, and 22 received McKenzie exercises based on individual mechanical assessments. Before treatment, each patient underwent mechanical assessment via the McKenzie mechanical assessment form, pain assessment using the visual analog scale, disability evaluation with the Oswestry disability index questionnaire, muscle control, as well as function assessment with unilateral single limb stance, and range of motion evaluation using fingertip-to-floor distance measurements. All variables were measured again after 8 sessions over two weeks of intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in trunk flexion range of motion, disability, functional status, and pain (P>0.05). However, the two groups had no significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both core stabilization and McKenzie exercises are effective in reducing pain disability, increasing range of motion, and enhancing functional status in patients with mechanical low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) or core stabilization exercises have been used to improve core stability, but their effect on nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DNS exercises on the electromyography (EMG) activity of the external oblique muscle in people with NSLBP. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 44 people with chronic NSLBP were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups, with 22 participants in each group. The control group received standard physical therapy exercises, while the experimental group performed DNS exercises. Each group underwent an 8-week therapeutic exercise program, 5 sessions per week, with each session lasting approximately 60 minutes. Surface EMG was utilized to assess the core muscle activity of the external oblique. The EMG activity of the external oblique was measured in both groups before and after the 8-week intervention. Results: Nineteen people in the control group and 21 in the DNS group were analyzed. The results showed that after the intervention, patients in the DNS group obtained, on average, an 8.82% (95% CI, 6.53%, 11.10%) higher increase in the EMG activity of the external oblique muscle compared to the patients in the control group (P<0.001, effect size: 0.622). Conclusion: DNS exercises can be recommended for improving the activation of superficial core muscles like the external oblique in individuals with NSLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of half-time re-warm-up (RW) comprising core strength exercise (CSE) on basketball players' subsequent power and change of direction (COD) performance. Twelve male collegiate basketball players were recruited to perform 3 conditions--CSE RW on a stable platform (STA) or an unstable platform (USTA) and passive rest (control, CON)--in randomized, counter-balanced order after a modified Loughborough intermittent shuttle test (LIST). The COD and power performance tests were administered before the LIST and after the interventions. Heart rate (HR) was continuously measured during each trial. Results showed significantly lower changes in T-test time in STA compared with CON (p, 0.05). Changes in countermovement jump height in STA were significantly higher than those in CON (p, 0.05). During the isometric midthigh pull test, changes in the maximum rate of force development (RFD) (p,0.05), RFD in the range of 0-90 milliseconds (p,0.05), 0-150 milliseconds (p,0.05), 0-200 milliseconds (p, 0.05), and 0-250 milliseconds (p, 0.05), in STA were significantly higher than those in CON. In addition, RFD in the range of 0-150 milliseconds (p, 0.05) and 0-250 milliseconds (p, 0.05) in USTA was significantly higher than that in CON. The mean HR during USTA was significantly higher than that in STA and CON (p, 0.05). These findings indicated that CSE RW during halftime might prevent power and COD performance decline in the second half of a game, with practical implications for coaches and players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement: Core stability is crucial for athletic performance and injury prevention. However, a comprehensive understanding of the specific activation patterns of core muscles during various abdominal exercises is lacking. This study aims to elucidate these activation patterns, focusing on the rectus abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques, and erector spinae. Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the activation patterns of core muscles during abdominal exercises and to identify any asymmetries in muscle engagement that could inform exercise prescription and rehabilitation strategies. Approach: This study involved a detailed analysis of muscle activation using electromyographic (EMG) technology within a sample group of ten jumpers from Mangalore University's Department of Physical Education, each with a training history of around 7.0 ± 3.5 years. The primary objective was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of core muscles during various abdominal exercises, which included sit-ups, back extensions, and planks. Materials and Methods: EMG electrodes were strategically placed on the rectus abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques, and erector spinae. Participants underwent a series of exercises while their muscle activity was recorded, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of muscle engagement during each exercise. Results: The findings revealed that the rectus abdominis consistently exhibited dominant activation across all exercises, accounting for a significant proportion of overall muscle engagement. During planks, the rectus abdominis, external obliques, and internal obliques collectively contributed to over 87% of muscle activation. Notably, asymmetries were observed in muscle activation between the right and left sides of the rectus abdominis and internal obliques, potentially linked to individual differences in muscle recruitment patterns or handedness. Conclusions: These results underscore the importance of balanced muscle activation for effective core stability and highlight the need for personalized training approaches to address individual muscular imbalances. The insights gained from this research can inform the development of tailored core-strengthening programs and rehabilitation strategies, ultimately enhancing performance and preventing injuries in both athletic and general populations. This study advances understanding of core muscle dynamics and sets the stage for future research on muscle activation patterns in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The core stability program is commonly utilized as an intervention method to improve postural control. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of core stability exercises on upper limb reaching in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP). For this purpose, 30 hemiparetic CP children of both sexes were recruited for the study. The children were between the ages of 4 and 6. According to the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the degree of spasticity varied from 1 to 1 + , and for children who were selected, the average Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) ranged from 25 to 42. Children were assigned into two groups at random (study group and control group). The pediatric reach test (PRT) was used to assess each child both before and after two consecutive months of therapy. The children in both groups received the same program of selected physical therapy exercises, but the children in the study group also performed the selected physical therapy program in addition to the core stability exercises. Results By comparing the mean values of all assessed variables before and after therapy, both groups improved significantly (p = 0.0001). When comparing post-treatment outcomes, there were significant differences between the control and study groups in all assessed variables (p = 0.0001) in favor of the study group. Conclusion Core stability exercises may be used to improve reaching in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Trial registration This study was authorized by the Faculty of Physical Therapy’s ethics committee under the number “REC/012/003125” and registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with the number “NCT05316090” on 9 April 2022 retrospectively.

Objective Taekwondo is an Olympic combat sport that, due to its intense and complex training, exposes athletes to lower limb abnormalities. Performing corrective exercises to address these issues is essential, and core stability exercises appear to be effective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the impact of six weeks of core stability exercises on the Q angle and flatfoot in female taekwondo practitioners. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the field. The statistical population consisted of 30 female taekwondo practitioners, aged 15–25, from Mashhad, who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15. The Staheli arch index was used to assess flatfoot, and a goniometer was employed to measure the Q angle. A pre-test was conducted to measure the variables of interest, followed by a six-week core stability training program for the experimental group. A post-test was administered using the same procedures as the pre-test. Results The results indicated that the six-week exercise program significantly improved flatfoot (P = 0.001) and reduced the Q angle (P = 0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion Core stability exercises can be effective in addressing abnormalities and rehabilitating athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of six weeks of core stability exercises on improving flatfoot and reducing the Q angle in female taekwondo practitioners. The results of this study showed that core stability exercises improved flatfoot and reduced the Q angle in female taekwondo practitioners. It is recommended that core stability exercises be incorporated alongside regular taekwondo training to improve balance and enhance performance.

Background: Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis (DRA) is a frequent problem that affects women during pregnancy and postpartum. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of static and dynamic plank exercise on Inter-Recti Distance (IRD) in postpartum women.Methods: This semi-experimental study included 30 postpartum women with DRA who were randomly divided into static plank (N=10), dynamic plank (N=10) and control group (n=10). Exercise groups implemented the plank exercise three times weekly for six weeks in Sari, Iran from April to May 2023. Ultrasound imaging was recorded to measure IRD in three locations, center of umbilicus (reference point), three cm above and three cm below umbilicus. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the effect of static and dynamic plank exercise on IRD.Results: IRD significantly decreased in static (29 mm vs 27/4 mm, P=0.001) and dynamic (30.1 mm vs 27 mm, P=0.001) plank groups after exercise. IRD did not significantly differ between static and dynamic groups at post-test (P=0.420). However, the percentage of the change was greater in dynamic (10.33%) compared with the static (5.51%) group. A significant difference was observed between the dynamic and control groups (P=0.001).Conclusion: The findings revealed that both types of plank exercise could cause narrowing of IRD in postpartum women. However, based on the percentage of change, incorporating additional movements such as abduction and rotation in dynamic plank, which could produce more muscle activity, yielded greater reduction in IRD compared with static plank.

Background/Objectives: This study aims to examine the effects of clinical exercise training on foot plantar pressure, the subtalar joint, and the gait cycle during pregnancy. Methods: The study was planned as a randomized, controlled, and single-blind study. Participants' demographic information, obstetric evaluation, physical activity level, fall history, and pain evaluation were recorded. Foot plantar pressure, the subtalar joint, and the gait cycle were measured through pedobarography at Gait Laboratory. The control group was recommended walking. Clinical exercise training was given to the study group 2 days a week for eight weeks. Evaluations were made on day 0 and the day corresponding to the end of week 8. Results: The study was completed with 50 people in the study group (age: 29.7 ± 3.8 years) and 51 in the control group (age: 29.1 ± 6.1 years). As a result of the parametric and non-parametric tests performed before and after the exercise, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in weight, BMI, pain score, static plantar pressure, dynamic plantar pressure, subtalar joint flexibility, duration of the walking period, and multistep walking speed (p < 0.01). The two groups had a significant difference only in the dominant midfoot plantar pressure (p > 0.05). Conclusions: According to our research, weight control and pain relief are observed in women who engage in clinical exercise in the second trimester of pregnancy; plantar pressure and subtalar joint flexibility are preserved, the walking period does not increase, and the multistep walking speed can be maintained after eight weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the process of long-barrel coring, the improper selection of operating parameters can easily cause blocked deformation, violent vibration of the core, core fracture, and impact crushing, which lead to a reduction in the stability of the core and core harvesting rates. Accurate knowledge of the influence of relevant factors on core stability is the key to improving core harvesting rates. Therefore, in this study, a numerical calculation model for tight and fractured cores in a barrel was constructed based on the Drucker–Prager criterion, using the finite element method. A numerical calculation model of a core broken into a barrel was constructed using the discrete element method. A study was conducted on the influence law of core stability under different core lengths, rotational speeds, weights on bit, and well inclination angles. The influence of each factor on core stability was analysed based on the vibration displacement and stress distribution characteristics of the core. The calculations show that increasing the weight on bit and reducing the rotation speed can effectively reduce the radial vibration displacement and local stress in tight and fractured cores, reduce the possibility of core fracture or breakage, and improve core stability. When the well inclination angle is large, it can easily cause core deformation and wall sliding, generating large contact stress and radial vibration displacement, significantly reducing the core stability. A broken core has the worst stability and is easily compacted in the core barrel, producing secondary crushing and plugging effects. Increasing the core barrel length resulted in a more unstable core. Compared with single-barrel coring, the distortion of the core column under double-barrel coring was more evident. In addition, the coring process, cuttings distribution, and drill bit hydraulic characteristics were studied based on the CFD-DPM method. The conclusions of this study are of great significance for optimising coring operation parameters to further improve core stability and coring harvest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This scoping review explores the effectiveness of abdominal hollowing (AH) and abdominal bracing (AB) techniques in enhancing trunk stability and facilitating rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with lower back pain (LBP). Methods: The review synthesizes findings from 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed these techniques' impacts on muscle activation, pain reduction, and functional outcomes. Results: The results demonstrate that both techniques can significantly improve trunk stability, muscle thickness, balance, and gait. However, a notable gap exists in studies directly comparing AH and AB, raising questions about whether they are equally effective. While AH is often associated with selective activation of the transversus abdominis, AB promotes a broader co-contraction of trunk muscles, contributing to robust spinal stability. Conclusions: This review underscores the need for further research to directly compare these techniques and refine their application in clinical practice. The findings suggest that personalized rehabilitation programs incorporating both AH and AB, tailored to individual patient needs and rehabilitation goals, can be effective in managing and preventing LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although guidelines and systematic reviews recommend the use of exercise in the treatment of chronic pain and neck pain, there are no clear recommendations for conservative treatments frequently used in clinics. The effect of supporting clinical Pilates exercises with passive physiotherapy methods on biopsychosocial status is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the effects of conventional treatment (CT) in addition to clinical Pilates on pain levels, physical condition, functional status, and psychosocial status in individuals with chronic neck pain. METHODS: Fifty women were randomly divided into 2 groups, the clinical Pilates group (Pilates, n = 25), and the group receiving CT in addition to clinical Pilates (Pilates-CT, n = 25). Both groups received treatment 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The CT program involved the implementation of hot pack (HP) application, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and therapeutic ultrasound (US) to the cervical area. RESULTS: CT in addition to Pilates was more effective in reducing the Visual Analog Scale (at rest and during activity), Neck Disability Index, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, NeckPix Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression, and Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach–Biopsychosocial questionnaire scores (p < 0.05) and in increasing the degree of change in the extension range of motion (ROM) and cervical flexor endurance values and scores in the energy parameter of Short Form-36 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CT provided in addition to Pilates was more effective in reducing pain levels, disability, fear of movement, depression levels, and negative biopsychosocial status and improving extension ROM and cervical flexor endurance, neck awareness, and the energy/vitality parameter of quality of life in individuals with chronic neck pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP) predominantly affects women aged 40–80 years. Physical exercise is a primary treatment form, with functional training (FT) and dual-task training (DT) emerging as potential modalities due to their distinct characteristics. However, limited information exists regarding the effects of these exercise modalities on CLBP. To compare the FT and DT effects on trunk function and functional fitness in CLBP older women. This was a randomized clinical trial with two training groups (FT and DT) and CLBP and non-CLBP individuals. We assessed the trunk stability, maximum isometric strength, endurance of trunk muscles, and functional fitness before and after 16 weeks of training We found only time effects for circular stability and instability (p <.001), flexors (p =.006), and extensors endurance (p <.001). For the lateral flexors, there was an average reduction of 17.3 units in lateral flexor endurance in the FT compared to the DT in CLBP individuals. For the strength of the flexor, CLBP individuals exhibited an increase of 69.3 units compared to non-CLBP. For the strength of extensors, CLBP individuals showed a decrease of 75.1 units compared to non-CLBP individuals. We identified a time effect for all functional fitness measures (p <.050) FT and DT increase trunk stability, maximum isometric strength, and endurance of trunk muscles, besides the functional fitness of CLBP older women Professionals can choose either training type, as there are no differences in the initial 16 weeks of intervention. • Functional training and dual-task activities promote an increase in trunk stability. • Both protocols are effective for increasing strength in the muscles of the trunk. • Enhancement in functional fitness occurred following the completion of both protocols. • The training programs can be recommended for elderly women, with and without CLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research article, we report on the strengthening of a non‐classical hydrogen bond (C−H⋅⋅⋅O) by introducing electron withdrawing groups at the carbon atom. The approach is demonstrated on the example of derivatives of the physiological E‐selectin ligand sialyl Lewisx (1, sLex). Its affinity is mainly due to a beneficial entropy term, which is predominantly caused by the pre‐organization of sLex in its binding conformation. We have shown, that among the elements responsible for the pre‐organization, the stabilization by a non‐classical hydrogen bond between the H−C5 of l‐fucose and the ring oxygen O5 of the neighboring d‐galactose moiety is essential and yields 7.4 kJ mol−1. This effect could be further strengthened by replacing l‐fucose by 6,6,6‐trifluoro‐l‐fucose leading to an improved non‐classical H‐bond of 14.9 kJ mol−1, i.e. an improved pre‐organization in the bioactive conformation. For a series of glycomimetics of sLex (1), this outcome could be confirmed by high field NMR‐shifts of the H−C5Fuc, by X‐ray diffraction analysis of glycomimetics co‐crystallized with E‐selectin as well as by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, the electron‐withdrawing character of the CF3‐group beneficially influences the pharmacokinetic properties of sLex mimetics. Thus, acid‐stability, a prerequisite for gastrointestinal stability, could be substantially improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionFace-to-face access to exercise programs, including standard exercises (SE) and core stability exercises (CSE), can be challenging for many total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients.To investigate the effects of adding CSE to SE on patient-reported and performance-based outcomes in TKA patients using telerehabilitation (TR).Group 1 (SE, n = 21) and Group 2 (SE+CSE, n = 21). Follow-up included videoconferences (1–8 weeks) and telephone calls (9–12 weeks). Assessments (preoperatively and at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd postoperative months) included; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC): functional level, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): pain intensity, Copenhagen Knee Range of Motion (ROM) Scale (CKRS): knee ROM, Short Form-12 (SF-12) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF): quality of life, 30-s Chair-Stand Test: muscle strength, and Stair Climb Test: locomotor performance.All assessments showed a significant improvement after treatment in group 1 (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 0.315 to 0.959) and group 2 (p < .001, d = 0.445 to 0.901). There was no significant difference between groups in knee flexion ROM (p > .05). Group 2 achieved better results in functional level (p = .001 to 0.003,d = −0.334 to 1.207), pain intensity (p = .030,d = −0.334), knee extension ROM (p = .015,d = −0.374), quality of life (p = .001 to 0.046,d = −0.308 to −1.366), muscle strength (p = .002 to 0.016,d = −0.779 to −1.030), and locomotor performance (p = .004 to 0.009, d = 0.404 to 0.954).SE and SE+CSE via TR enhance patient-reported and performance-based outcomes in post-operative TKA patients, with CSE providing additional benefits. These results support using CSE in TR programs for TKA and encourage further research on TR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The patient with pusher syndrome (PS) is characterized by showing postural control alterations due to a lack of perception of his own body in the space. It appears when the patient actively pushes with his unaffected limbs towards the injured side, reacting with resistance to passive straightening towards the midline. Between 10% and 50% of strokes present PS. Nowadays, there is no clearly defined treatment for PS. Objective: To design and validate an exercise program using visual feedback and specific core stability exercises (FeViCoS) for the treatment of patients with PS. Methods: Validation was conducted by expert consensus using the Delphi method. Thirteen neurorehabilitation experts participated in the process. An online questionnaire with 18 Likert‐type questions was used to evaluate the designed program. Consensus was considered reached if there was convergence between the quartile 1 and 3 values (RIQ = Q1‐Q3) or if the relative interquartile range (RIR) was less than 20%. The degree of agreement between experts was measured by calculating the Fleiss' kappa coefficient. Results: A total of 2 rounds were required to achieve 97.44% consensus with 100% participation. The RIR was less than or equal to 20% for all questions. The Fleiss' kappa index (0.831) showed that the degree of agreement between experts was excellent. Conclusion: Neurorehabilitation experts considered FeViCoS valid for the therapeutic approach to patients with PS. Expert consensus suggests a novel strategy in physical therapy clinical practice to improve balance and postural orientation in patients with subacute stroke and PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the influence of core muscle training on throwing ball velocity among overhead throwing athletes. Design: A literature search was performed from inception to July 2023 for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of core muscle training on overhead throwing ball velocity. The primary outcome was the change in standing throwing ball velocity. The secondary outcome focused on the enhancement of step/jump throwing ball velocity. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included, revealing a significant improvement in standing throwing ball velocity in the group undergoing core muscle training (Hedges’ g = 0.701, 95% confidence interval = 0.339 to 1.063, P < 0.001). Longer treatment duration and a higher frequency of core muscle training sessions per week contributed to improved standing throwing ball velocity. However, core muscle training did not show significant benefits for step (Hedge’s g = 0.463, 95% confidence interval = −0.058 to 0.985, P = 0.082) and jump throwing ball velocity (Hedges’ g = 0.550, 95% confidence interval = −0.051 to 1.152, P = 0.073). Conclusions: Core muscle training significantly enhanced standing ball throwing velocity. However, its effect on step/jump throwing ball velocity was less certain. Further research is needed to explore the impact of core muscle training (especially its long-term effects) on throwing ball velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The diaphragm muscle constitutes the internal component of the Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex (LPHC), and its stability is suggested to influence lower limb joint function, particularly the alignment of the patellofemoral joint and the tracking path mechanism of the patella. Objectives: To compare the endurance of the LPHC and diaphragm contractility in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and a healthy control group. Methods: Fifty-six females, including twenty-eight diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome and twenty-eight healthy females matched as controls (aged 15 - 45), were invited to participate in this case-control study. Endurance scores of trunk extensor, flexor, and lateral flexor muscles, endurance ratios, and the percentage of diaphragm muscle contractility using the ultrasonography method were compared between the two groups. Results: The endurance time of trunk flexors and right and left lateral muscle groups in the PFPS group significantly differed compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Diaphragm contractility in both the right (Mean ± SD: 21.82 ± 3.61; P < 0.001) and left (Mean ± SD: 22.92 ± 2.99; P = 0.007) sides was significantly lower in the PFPS group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex stability and diaphragm respiratory function and contractility were impaired in females with PFPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a set of developmental illnesses that affect posture and mobility, causing activity restriction owing to abnormalities that are not progressive in the developing brain of the foetus or neonate. Children with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy often exhibit undeveloped or malformed cerebellar structures, resulting in challenges for the cerebellum to integrate the neural input required to control movement and balance smoothly. Patients with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy have difficulty in maintaining balance and trunk control which leads to difficulty in performing their activities of daily living and result in dependency. Thus, reporting cases like these is crucial to evaluate the impact of core stabilization intervention and treadmill walking on balance in a child having cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy. A 7-year-old female child born at full term delivered via normal vaginal delivery with a birth weight of 2700 gm had no difficulties during antenatal, natal or postnatal phases. At the age of 6 years, mother noticed that the child had difficulty in standing and walking independently, she had difficulty in performing her activities of daily living independently. The patient underwent an 8 weeks intervention consisting of core stabilization exercise protocol and treadmill walking along with traditional physiotherapy intervention. The outcome measures included Paediatric Balance Scale for static balance and My Fitness Trainer (MFT)for dynamic balance. The patient showed significant improvement in both static as well as dynamic balance following the intervention. Thus, combined impact of core stabilization exercise protocol and treadmill walking can bring early effective changes on balance in a patient with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rowing is a complex sport where technique can significantly impact performance. A better understanding of the rowers' technique and neuromuscular activations during scull rowing, along with their impact on rowing performance, could greatly help trainers and athletes. Twelve male rowers were asked to row at their competitive stroke rate, and we collected data describing neuromuscular activations, trunk and arm kinematics, as well as technical determinants such as oar angles and angle asymmetries. We fitted linear mixed-effect models to investigate the effects of these variables on power production and boat speed. A larger effective angle had the greatest positive effect on power output, and slip angles had the largest negative effects. Increased elbow flexion at catch had the greatest negative effect on speed. Angle asymmetries affected neither power nor speed. Increased upper limb neuromuscular activity during the first and third quarters of the drive phase helped reduce slip angles, thus increasing performance. Power and speed were influenced similarly by the predictor variables. Still, they showed subtle differences, indicating that the strategies to maximize power production might not be the best ones to also achieve the maximum speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundHereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurological disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs, significantly affecting gait capacity (endurance and speed). Although specific interventions have been already investigated, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, structured neurorehabilitation programs to improve gait capacity in adults with HSP. Thus, this protocol aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a composite training targeting flexibility, muscle strength, motor control, balance, and aerobic capacity.Methods20 adults diagnosed with HSP will participate in 10 to 16 therapist-guided sessions (intervention), lasting 60 to 120 minutes each, occurring once or twice weekly based on individual preferences. Depending on the number and frequency of sessions, the intervention period may vary in between five to 10 weeks. Upon completion, participants will receive a transfer package (manual, video tutorials) to stimulate long-term exercise at home. Assessments will take place before intervention (T0), at the end of the intervention (T1), and 12 weeks post-T1 (T2). Primary outcomes will focus on feasibility (recruitment, retention, adherence, absence of adverse events, and patient's satisfaction). Secondary outcomes will evaluate improvements in gait capacity and specific contributing factors such as reduced spasticity, increased muscle strength, and improved balance.RelevanceThe significance of this protocol is to provide valuable insights for clinicians regarding the feasibility and potential efficacy of a comprehensive, clinical-oriented program to improve gait capacity in adults with HSP, and inform future translational research studies in the field.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06742697.

Purpose – This study aims to determine the impact of core training variations on balance and forehand drive abilities in male athletes of the Unimed Tennis Community in 2023. It addresses the issue of inadequate balance when chasing the ball, leading to hitting errors such as balls getting caught in the net, improper racket-ball contact, lack of control, and shots going out of bounds. Method – The research employed an experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted at the Unimed tennis court, with a purposive sampling technique selecting six male athletes who met the study criteria. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments of balance and forehand drive performance, with the results analyzed using t-tests to determine the effectiveness of core training variations. Findings – The results showed a significant effect of core training variations on the athletes' balance and forehand drive abilities. The analysis revealed a t-value of 16.813 for balance and 13.636 for forehand drive, both exceeding the critical t-value of 2.015. These findings indicate that core training variations positively influenced both balance and forehand drive performance in male athletes of the Unimed Tennis Community. Research Implications – The study highlights the importance of incorporating core training variations in athletic training programs to improve balance and forehand drive skills. Coaches and sports trainers are encouraged to implement these exercises to enhance performance and reduce errors during play. Future research could explore the long-term effects of core training variations and their impact on other tennis skills or different athlete populations.

Objective Taekwondo is an Olympic combat sport that demands skills such as jumping and quick directional changes. Core stability exercises may be an effective method to enhance the performance of taekwondo athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the effects of six weeks of core stability exercises on improving balance and performance in male taekwondo practitioners. Methods This quasi-experimental field study involved 30 male taekwondo athletes aged 10-15 from Mashhad city. Participants were selected based on judgment sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 each. The single-hop test and triple-hop test were used to assess performance, while the Y balance test evaluated balance. Pre-tests were conducted to measure the research variables before implementing a six-week core stability exercise program for the experimental group. After the training period, post-tests were administered using the same procedures as the pre-tests. Results The findings indicated that completing six weeks of core stability training significantly improved dynamic balance in the medial-posterior direction (P=0.021) and overall performance (P=0.002) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion Core stability exercises can help reduce injuries and enhance athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of six weeks of core stability exercises on the balance and performance of young male taekwondo athletes. The results suggest that core stability exercises effectively improve both balance and performance in taekwondo practitioners, leading to enhanced athletic performance.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can enhance human muscle strength or improve single-leg landing stability instantly, but no relevant research has demonstrated this yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tDCS on the stability of single-leg landings in human subjects. METHODS: Male undergraduate students from Wuhan Sports University were recruited as study participants. They were divided into two groups, A (n=6) and B (n=5), using a random number table. Group A underwent a sham stimulation session followed by a 3-day washout period, after which they received tDCS. Conversely, Group B received tDCS initially, followed by a 3-day washout period, and subsequently underwent the sham stimulation session. Following the respective stimulation sessions, an immediate single-leg landing test was administered to assess and collect biomechanical parameters. Data resulting from the tDCS intervention were aggregated and analyzed as the experimental group dataset, whereas data stemming from the sham stimulation were consolidated as the control group dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Regarding core stability, the tDCS intervention showed a significant interaction with landing height on the maximal trunk flexion angle (P < 0.05). A paired comparison of the data showed a significant decrease in the maximum trunk flexion angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation at a 30-cm landing height. Additionally, the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity (P < 0.05). Following true stimulation, there was a significant decrease in the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity compared to sham stimulation. In terms of lower limb joint stability, the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum dynamic ankle valgus angle (P < 0.05). This resulted in a significant decrease in the angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation. In addition, the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the peak muscle activation of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius lateralis (P < 0.05). This showed a significant increase after true stimulation compared to sham stimulation. An interaction between the tDCS intervention and landing height was observed for the peak muscle activation of the tibialis anterior (P < 0.05). Paired comparison analyses revealed a significant increase in muscle activation after true stimulation specifically at a 60-cm landing height. Regarding center of pressure stability, there were no significant interactions or main effects of the tDCS intervention on the mean lateral displacement, mean lateral displacement velocity, mean anterior-posterior displacement, or mean anterior-posterior displacement velocity at the center of pressure (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the tDCS intervention had no significant main effects on any of the center of pressure indicators (P > 0.05). In conclusion, tDCS can immediately improve core stability and lower limb joint stability during single-leg landing, making it an effective warm-up technique for improving single-leg landing stability and reducing the risk of lower limb injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triple jump is a complex athletic event where performance relies on a combination of speed, strength, and advanced technique in executing the three phases that form the biomechanics of the event. Due to the specific forces exerted on the athlete's musculoskeletal system, along with potential weaknesses in physical training, athletes are at risk of injury. This case study presents the original approach used to rehabilitate and prevent new injuries usually experienced by the Romanian athlete G.R.C., a 25-year-old European junior vice-champion in the triple jump. He sought treatment at the MediSport SRL clinic for multiple chronic and acute injuries that were limiting his performance. Comprehensive clinical and functional evaluations revealed all these limitations, prompting an integrated approach to his rehabilitation and training program. After the kinesitherapy program consisting of 18 sessions focused on functional musculoskeletal balancing using an electronic dynamometer, a key component of the BackFix system and method, important improvements were observed in core stability, static balance, and posture. Additionally, muscle strength in the previously deficient areas increased, pain disappeared in all affected regions, and recovery time after competitive effort improved, laying the foundation for optimal performance in the 2024 summer season. The successful use of the BackFix method leads us to recommend it as an alternative to other traditional training and recovery methods, while also encouraging further research into its application in the triple jump and other sports branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common symptom that imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. Appropriate exercises that enhance the recovery of anatomical structures using biomechanical methods and improve lumbar stability are recommended for patients with LBP. Therefore, clinicians should prescribe appropriate exercises to alleviate LBP, improve function, and prevent recurrence. Current Concepts: Individualized and structured multimodal exercises (strengthening, aerobic, core stability exercises, and stretching) under the supervision of healthcare professionals are recommended for patients with LBP. It is preferable to focus on isometric trunk muscle exercises for strengthening, and strengthening the large muscles (back and gluteal muscles) attached to the thoracolumbar fascia is recommended rather than exercises that involve repeated extension and flexion of the trunk muscles. Individualized aerobic and core stability exercises are recommended, and stretching exercises focusing on extension movements are preferred. It is also important to educate patients regarding the etiology of LBP, harmful postures for LBP, and methods to maintain lumbar lordosis in daily life. Discussion and Conclusion: An appropriate exercise prescription can contribute to better clinical outcomes in patients with LBP. Although exercise is important for recovery and prevention of recurrence, inappropriate exercise can potentially exacerbate LBP; therefore, careful consideration is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review was to systematically summarize the existing literature on the effect of core muscle training on measures of balance and agility in athletes. A search was conducted to identify the eligible articles on core muscle training, balance, agility, and athletes in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database that were published from inception to April 15, 2022. The literature search retrieved 3,299 articles, of which 17 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria of the review. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and assessed the quality of included studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and a third reviewer was consulted in case of disagreements. The quality of the studies was mixed. Core muscle training can be used to target balance and agility in athletes. Furthermore, core training of variable frequency, intensity, and type can be incorporated in athletic programs to improve balance and agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Exercise Therapy & Rehabilitation is the property of Yavuz Yakut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cricket is a sport that demands a combination of strength, agility, and precision. Among the various skills required, power hitting is crucial for scoring boundaries and quickly changing the game's momentum. This study investigates the impact of core stability and rotational strength exercises on enhancing power hitting in cricket. A sample size of 500 amateur and semi-professional cricketers was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a targeted exercise regimen over a period of six months. The results indicate a significant improvement in hitting power, suggesting that these exercises should be integral to cricket training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aging is associated with changes in the neuromusculoskeletal system, which can lead to impairments in balance. This study compares the effects of aerobic and core stability exercises on healthy older men's static and dynamic balance. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adults aged 60 to 70 years were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into three groups as follows: aerobic exercises, core stability exercises, and a control group. The interventions were carried out separately for the two experimental groups over 6 weeks. Static balance was assessed using the Romberg and Sharpened Romberg balance tests, while dynamic balance was assessed using the functional reach and timed up-and-go tests. The data were analyzed using the one-way multivariate analysis of covariance test with the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The mean scores of post-tests for the balance tests in the two experimental groups improved compared to their pre-test scores and the post-test scores of the control group. Moreover, both aerobic and core stability exercises had a significant effect on the static and dynamic balance of the elderly (P=0.001). When examining the effects of exercises on dynamic balance, the findings showed a significant difference in favor of aerobic exercises compared to core stability exercises (P=0.017). However, no significant difference was observed concerning static balance (P=1.00) when comparing the effects of the exercises. Conclusion: Aerobic and core stability exercises have a positive impact on the static and dynamic balance of the elderly. Furthermore, for improving dynamic balance in older men, aerobic exercises appear to be more effective than core stability exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sport Sciences & Health Research is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)