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In the United States, science education has experienced substantial shifts in the last decade. For in-service teachers, professional development programs (PDPs) play an important role in reform success. Despite well-known core features of effective PDPs, research still suggests a range of results among programs that claim to use those features. An analysis of the nuances associated with these core features has emerged as an important step in bridging the gap between conceptual and actual effective PD. This article presents the validation of constructs for responsive facilitation, which may serve as a source of these nuances. Using an adapted Delphi Method, constructs were validated by multiple expert groups. A 10-construct consensus is presented with an eleventh remaining under dispute. All constructs have connections to current literature and may support the gap noted above. Implications include a structure that may provide nuance to the core features and support more consistently effective PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a popular graph learning technique, graph neural networks (GNN) show great advantages in the field of personalized recommendation. Existing GNN-based recommendation methods organized user-item interactions (e.g., click, purchase, review, etc.) as the bipartite graph and captured the higher-order collaborative signal with the aid of the GNN to achieve personalized recommendation. However, there exists two limitations in existing studies. First, core features activating user-item interactions were not be identified, which causes that user-item interactions fail to be accurately exploited at the feature level. Second, existing GNNs ignored the mutual association among neighbors in information propagation, which results in structural signal in the bipartite graph not being sufficiently captured. Towards this end, we developed the core features activated graph dual-attention network, namely C-GDN, for personalized recommendation. Specifically, C-GDN firstly identifies core user and item features activating user-item interactions and employs these core features to initialize the bipartite graph, which effectively optimizes the utilizing of user-item interactions at the feature level. Furthermore, C-GDN designs a novel graph dual-attention network to conduct information propagation, which captures more sufficient structural signal in the bipartite graph by considering information from neighbors as well as their mutual association. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets shows that C-GDN outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This work expands the understanding of science and technology parks (STPs) and can also guide STP decision makers by incorporating data science and artificial intelligence tools, as well as guiding policy makers on how to promote innovation. The role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in technology transfer, industrial innovation, and economic growth is examined in this paper. The accurate monitoring of their evolution and impact is hindered by the lack of uniformity in STP models or goals, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This work uses existing terminologies, definitions, and core features of STPs to conduct a multidimensional data analysis that explores and evaluates the 21 core features which describe the key internal factors of an STP. The core features are gathered from a reliable and updatable dataset of Spanish STPs. The methodological framework can be replicated for other STP contexts and is based on descriptive techniques and machine-learning tools. The results of the study provide an overview of the general situation of STPs in Spain, validate the existence and characteristics of three types of STPs, and identify the typical features of STPs. Moreover, the prototype STP can be used as a benchmark so that other STPs can identify the features that need to be improved. Finally, this work makes it possible to carry out classifications of STPs, in addition to prediction and decision making for innovation ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Professional learning community (PLC) has been concerned as an effective way to promote teacher professional development in China. However, PLC must be optimized due to Chinese culture and education system. This study aimed to explore the features of PLC in preschool teachers' perspectives and provided theoretical basis for PLC localization practice. Methods: Twenty-eight preschool teachers were engaged in a PLC, their interview data and personal reflection diaries were collected and analyzed based on grounded theory analysis. Results and discussion: Five core features of PLC in teachers' perspectives were extracted in this study, including a common vision, a read-practice-share flow, continuous reflection, distributed leadership, peer and organizational support. PLC's common vision is to promote teachers' professional development and children's development. Teachers learn and reflect in the process of "readingpractice-sharing," peer support and leadership empowerment play an important role in a sustainable PLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate early diagnosis of adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) is critical for prompt treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the alteration of brain surface morphology and to evaluate its relationship with core features in adolescent BPD. A total of 52 adolescents with BPD aged 12–17 years and 39 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively enrolled into the study. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained with both 3D-T1 weighted structural sequence and resting-state functional data. The structural data was analyzed for surface morphology parameters including the local gyrification index (LGI), mean curvature and surface area. The functional MRI data was analyzed for seed-based functional connectivity (FC). Correlative analysis of surface morphology and core features of adolescent BPD was performed. Adolescents with BPD showed the following altered surface morphology in the limbic-cortical circuit when compared to the HCs: (1) reduced LGI in the left fusiform and right superior temporal gyrus; (2) reduced mean curvature in the left precentral gyrus and right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and increased mean curvature in the bilateral pericalcarine; and (3) reduced surface area in the left paracentral gyrus, left pars triangularis, right insula and right lateral orbitofrontal gyrus (P < 0.05, FWE correction). In addition, these brain regions with altered surface morphology were significantly correlated with several core features including the mood instability, self-identity problems, and non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents with BPD (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was enhanced functional connectivity among these altered brain regions within the limbic-cortical circuit (voxel P < 0.001, cluster P < 0.05, FWE corrected). Adolescents with BPD had significant alterations of brain surface morphology in the limbic-cortical circuit, which was correlated with core BPD features. These results implicated the surface morphology parameters and FC alterations may potentially serve as neuroimaging biomarkers for adolescents with BPD. • Adolescents with BPD showed altered surface morphology in the limbic-cortical circuit comparing with the healthy controls. • The brain regions with altered surface morphology were obviously correlated with core features in adolescents with BPD. • There was enhanced functional connectivity among these regions within the limbic-cortical circuit in adolescent BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research identifying the core features of Growth Mindset Pedagogy (GMP) in Chinese mathematics education is limited. This is also the first time we have examined the barriers to implementing GMP. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data. By analyzing the interview data, we identified four core features of GMP in mathematics classrooms: differentiation as the foundation of pedagogical practice, no stereotypes about mathematics learning, encouraging students to think in a process-oriented manner, and promoting a persistent learning attitude. We also found five barriers to GMP implementation: (a) lack of professional support; (b) lack of time; (c) student differences and class size; (d) ignoring cultural contextual elements; and (e) poor partnership between parents and teachers. In our discussion section, we outlined the implications of these findings for research and practice in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in technology transfer, industrial innovation, and economic growth is examined in this paper. The accurate monitoring of their evolution and impact is hindered by the lack of uniformity in STP models or goals, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This work uses existing terminologies, definitions, and core features of STPs to conduct a multidimensional data analysis that explores and evaluates the 21 core features which describe the key internal factors of an STP. The core features are gathered from a reliable and updatable dataset of Spanish STPs. The methodological framework can be replicated for other STP contexts and is based on descriptive techniques and machine-learning tools. The results of the study provide an overview of the general situation of STPs in Spain, validate the existence and characteristics of three types of STPs, and identify the typical features of STPs. Moreover, the prototype STP can be used as a benchmark so that other STPs can identify the features that need to be improved. Finally, this work makes it possible to carry out classifications of STPs, in addition to prediction and decision making for innovation ecosystems.

It has been suggested that human communities that share their basic cultural foundations evince no remarkable differences concerning the characterization of core concepts. However, the small but existing differences among them reflect their sociocultural diversity. This study compares 219 concrete concepts common to both Spanish and English semantic feature norms in order to assess whether core features of concepts follow a universal or cultural language-specific pattern. Concepts were compared through a geometric technique of vector comparison in the Euclidean n -dimensional space alongside the calculation of the network's degree of centrality. The role of cognate status was also explored by repeating the former analysis separating cognate from noncognate words. Taken together, our data show that languages are structurally similar independent of the cognate status of words, further suggesting that there are some sort of core features common to both languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sensitivity of 2015 IPND criteria for diagnosing NMOSD in seronegative patients. • Diagnosis of NMOSD when the AQP4 antibody status is unknown. • Inclusion of area postrema syndrome as one of the major core clinical features. • Repetition of AQP4 assay during relapses when negative in first attack. Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are one of the most common CNS demyelinating disorders as they will present with disabling recurrent demyelinating attacks. Hence, it is of paramount importance to diagnose early, and early diagnoses and intervention will prevent further relapses associated with NMOSD. New international consensus criteria have been proposed and studies validating its application towards diagnoses of NMOSD in south Asian population are meagre. Hence we validated the proposed International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND), 2015 criteria to study the clinical, demographic profile and sero-status of patients who are presenting with core clinical symptoms of NMOSD in South India and compare it with 2006 criteria. A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital for a period of one year. Patients who had at least one core clinical feature of NMOSD were included. Demographics and clinical data were recorded and analysed. Cases were evaluated using 2015 IPND and 2006 criteria for all patients, data was analysed using SPSS. A total of 110 patients were included and 91(82.72%) patients fulfilled IPND 2015 criteria. Out of 91 patients, 70 patients were AQP4 antibody positive and 21 were negative. Out of 110, only 30 (27.2%) satisfied 2006 criteria (24 or 80% were seropositive). 2015 criteria were more sensitive in identifying 61 new NMOSD cases juxtaposed to 2006 criteria, this difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The 2015 IPND criteria were more sensitive and specific than previous 2006 criteria as it covered diverse clinical manifestations of NMOSD. Applying this criteria, NMOSD could be diagnosed among patients with monophasic illness, isolated recurrent optic neuritis, isolated recurrent myelitis, cerebral syndrome, diencephalic syndrome, brainstem syndrome and area postrema syndrome, thus improving the diagnostic yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Professional learning community (PLC) has been concerned as an effective way to promote teacher professional development in China. However, PLC must be optimized due to Chinese culture and education system. This study aimed to explore the features of PLC in preschool teachers' perspectives and provided theoretical basis for PLC localization practice., Methods: Twenty-eight preschool teachers were engaged in a PLC, their interview data and personal reflection diaries were collected and analyzed based on grounded theory analysis., Results and Discussion: Five core features of PLC in teachers' perspectives were extracted in this study, including a common vision, a read-practice-share flow, continuous reflection, distributed leadership, peer and organizational support. PLC's common vision is to promote teachers' professional development and children's development. Teachers learn and reflect in the process of "reading-practice-sharing," peer support and leadership empowerment play an important role in a sustainable PLC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yang, Zhang, Zhou and Ji.)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentations. To advance our understanding of this heterogeneity we investigated the prevalence and clinical features associated with incompleteness (INC), a putative underlying core feature of OCD. We predicted INC would be prominent in individuals with OCD and associated with greater severity and impairment. We examined the impact of INC in 307 adults with primary OCD. Participants with clinically significant INC (22.8% of the sample) had significantly greater OCD severity, greater rates of comorbidity, poorer ratings of functioning, lower quality of life, and higher rates of unemployment and disability. Participants with clinically significant INC were also more likely to be diagnosed with OCPD and to endorse symmetry/exactness obsessions and ordering/arranging compulsions than those who reported low INC. Our findings provide evidence that INC is associated with greater severity, comorbidity, and impairment, highlighting the need for improved assessment and treatment of INC in OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counselling psychology in Australia has developed and matured since its emergence in the 1970s. This article provides a brief historical overview and situates counselling psychology (CP) in relation to other applied areas of psychology in Australia. A review of registration, professional organisations, work and role settings and core features is provided. Australian counselling psychologists work predominantly in private practice, as well as hospitals, counselling agencies, universities, medical practices, prisons and government departments. They provide assessment, diagnosis and treatment for mental health disorders and psychological problems related to adverse life events. In addition, they provide couple, family and group therapies. Challenges facing CP in Australia are explored, including a reduction in training programmes, inequities in funding for psychological services and tensions with the definition and description of the scopes of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many mobile knowledge management (KM) systems have been described in the literature having unique and interesting features, each being inserted into a specific application domain. This fragmentation in the application domain makes it difficult to compare and define a set of core features of mobile KM systems. Analysing and comparing features and strategies of several systems from different application domains makes it possible to identify the core features that form a mobile KM system. Consequently, we may use these core features to define the evaluation and comparison framework of mobile KM systems, regardless of its application domain. The purpose of this work is to define these core features and discuss their importance, through the analysis of six mobile KM systems, highlighting the positive and the negative aspects of the KM processes. The contributions of this work are the framework and the list of core features of mobile KM systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although emotion dysregulation is not a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD), there is a growing consensus that emotional problems play a prominent role in this disorder. Methods The present study examined a wide range of emotion regulation ( ER) strategies in 32 individuals with ASD compared to 31 group-matched typically developing ( TD) participants in three emotional domains (anger, anxiety, and amusement). Parents of individuals with ASD and TD individuals were interviewed about their child's emotional experience and the use and efficacy of 10 ER strategies. In addition, participants filled out daily diaries on experience and regulation in the same emotional domains. Results Compared to TD individuals, parents reported that individuals with ASD experienced more anger and anxiety and less amusement, made less frequent use of a variety of adaptive ER strategies (e.g. problem solving, cognitive reappraisal), and made more frequent use of maladaptive strategies (e.g. repetitive behavior). Moreover, individuals with ASD were less effective at utilizing adaptive ER strategies. Self-reports showed differences in experience of amusement and in ER strategies for anger and anxiety, but not in experience of anger and anxiety. Conclusions This study provides evidence that individuals with ASD less frequently use adaptive - but more frequently use maladaptive - ER strategies. Implications for ASD treatments that focus on increasing the use of adaptive strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotropic medication use and its relationship to autism spectrum core features were examined in a well-characterized but nonstratified North American sample (N = 1605) of children/adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders utilizing the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, from the multisite Simons Simplex Collection. Analyses included (a) prevalence of psychotropic use (overall, and by classes), (b) correlations between prevalence of use and autism spectrum core features, age, and cognitive functioning, and (c) logistic regression to identify whether these factors were predictive of psychotropic use. Results indicated 41.7% ever used one or more classes of psychotropic medications, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications used most. Small but significant correlations between psychotropic medication use and (a) social impairment (p < .001) and (b) repetitive behaviors (p < .001) were found. Overall, however, autism spectrum disorder core features are weakly related to medication use. Older children used more psychotropics (p < .001), and higher cognitive functioning was associated with less overall psychotropic use (p < .001). Logistic regression indicated that use of psychotropics was predicted by repetitive behaviors (both clinician-observed and parent-reported), age, and cognitive ability level. Limitations inherent to the Simons Simplex Collection sample, methodology, and the correlational analyses are discussed. Directions for future research include investigation of factors more influential than core symptoms on psychotropic treatment (e.g. parent perceptions, comorbid symptoms). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between emotion dysregulation and the core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which include social/communication deficits, restricted/repetitive behaviors, and sensory abnormalities. An 18-item Emotion Dysregulation Index was developed on the basis of expert ratings of the Child Behavior Checklist. Compared to typically developing controls, children and adolescents with ASD showed more emotion dysregulation and had significantly greater symptom severity on all scales. Within ASD participants, emotion dysregulation was related to all core features of the disorder, but the strongest association was with repetitive behaviors. These findings may facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting emotion dysregulation in order to optimize long-term outcomes for individuals with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are over twenty rodent models of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with most reflecting a recognized ADHD subtype. Of these, only five rat models (Neonatal 6-Hydroxydopamine, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Prenatal Nicotine Exposure, and Lphn3 Knockout) and three mouse models (Dopamine Transporter Knockout, Neurokinin-1 Receptor Knockout, and Prenatal Nicotine Exposure) have a sufficient number of publications to explore their suitability for modelling ADHD with respect to core features, executive dysfunction, and medication effects. An updated view is advanced specifying that an informative model encompasses elevated drug use risk as a means to assess ADHD/Substance Use Disorder (SUD) comorbidity, a common co-occurrence among patients. Based on the full range of symptoms and medication effects, it is concluded that the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (specifically the Charles River Laboratories substrain) has the most translational support at this stage to model ADHD/SUD comorbidity. The Lphn3 knockout rat model and the prenatal nicotine exposure mouse model are strong contenders if additional validation work is performed, as they have a high degree of construct validity pertaining to genetic and environmental etiologies of ADHD. Research using validated rodent models of ADHD is warranted because their study can provide insights for drug discovery geared toward the development of safer ADHD therapeutics, particularly for adolescent patients. • Few rat and mouse models of ADHD are appropriately validated. • Attention to core features, executive dysfunction, and medication effects is vital. • A view is advanced that ADHD models also should show elevated drug use risk. • SHR/NCrl rats have the most translational support to model ADHD/SUD comorbidity. • Lphn3 KO rats and prenatal nicotine exposed mice have the best construct validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to elucidate some supposed core features of suicide through a study of suicide in a low-incidence population. The material covered all suicides and undetermined deaths 1945-2004 in the Faroe Islands (a low-incidence population) and the study made use of all available information. Results showed that suicide rate had been low since the Second World War. However, there was an increase throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Supposed core features of suicide, such as gender, marital status, former psychiatric admittance, former suicidal behaviour, alcohol and method preference were confirmed. Others were not, such as an increasing rate with old age. In diagnostics, the role of psychiatric disorders was confirmed, but so was a substantial role of “no disorder”. Increase period revealed a high proportion of cases with alcohol involved and a substantial part included males, in age groups 25-64 years, unmarried, divorced and alcohol intoxicated. The main conclusion was that a low-incidence population of suicide population confirmed some supposed core features of the suicide phenomenon. Others, related to age and psychiatric disorders, were only partially confirmed. In periods of increase, the most vulnerable were the young and middle-aged males, unmarried, divorced, and alcohol played a crucial role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in life rests on clinical history and neurological examination. An accurate pre-mortem diagnosis of MSA is important because of prognostic and therapeutic implications. Consensus diagnostic criteria have been developed, but their use does not always improve recognition of MSA, particularly in early disease stages. A range of warning signs (red flags) may point towards MSA. However, their predictive value has never been determined prospectively. Additional investigations such as autonomic function tests, sphincter electromyography, or neuroimaging may be used to support the diagnosis or to exclude other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]