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Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global climate change has increased average environmental temperatures world-wide, simultaneously intensifying temperature variability and extremes. Growing numbers of studies have documented phenological, behavioural and morphological responses to climate change in wild populations. As systemic signals, hormones can contribute to orchestrating many of these phenotypic changes. Yet little is known about whether mechanisms like hormonal flexibility (reversible changes in hormone concentrations) facilitate or limit the ability of individuals, populations and species to cope with a changing climate. In this perspective, we discuss different mechanisms by which hormonal flexibility, primarily in glucocorticoids, could promote versus hinder evolutionary adaptation to changing temperature regimes. We focus on temperature because it is a key gradient influenced by climate change, it is easy to quantify, and its links to hormones are well established. We argue that reaction norm studies that connect individual responses to population-level and species-wide patterns will be critical for making progress in this field. We also develop a case study on urban heat islands, where several key questions regarding hormonal flexibility and adaptation to climate change can be addressed. Understanding the mechanisms that allow animals to cope when conditions become more challenging will help in predicting which populations are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: With the increasing trend of aging, the mental health problems of the elderly require urgent attention. Depression is a common psychological problem of the elderly, which affects their quality of life and physical health. Problem-solving therapy can effectively improve depression in the elderly, but there are few studies on problem-solving therapy for depression in the elderly in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of modified problemsolving therapy (MPST) on depression, coping and self-efficacy in elderly nursing home residents. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 older adults from two nursing homes were recruited to participate in this study and randomly assigned to the intervention group (MPST) or the control group (usual care). The intervention lasted 8 weeks, and information on depression, coping skills, and self-efficacy was collected before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare changes at multiple time points between the two groups. If the interaction effect (group * time) was significant, independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences in outcome indicators between groups at post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention. Results: Compared to the control group, depression scores in the intervention group were significantly lower at the end of the intervention and remained significantly lower than the control group 3 months post-intervention (p < 0.05). Negative coping and self-efficacy in the intervention group also improved significantly at the end of the intervention, and 3 months post-intervention, while positive coping in the two groups did not differ significantly at 3 months post-intervention. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that MPST could be beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing positive coping and selfefficacy levels in older adults in nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, taking the jurisdiction of Anhui Province as the research area, a vulnerability assessment index system of human settlements was constructed from "exposure–sensitivity–coping ability". Based on the GIS spatial analysis method, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of human settlements in Anhui Province were analyzed. The influences of human factors and natural factors on the spatial differentiation of human settlement vulnerability were explored by using geographic detectors, and the driving mechanism of the evolution of human settlement vulnerability was analyzed. An analysis of the results showed the following: ① With a change in the time scale, the human settlement vulnerability index showed a trend of decreasing year by year, the exposure and sensitivity show a downward trend year by year in the three major subsystems, and the coping ability shows an upward trend year by year. ② The evolution of the vulnerability subsystems of exposure, sensitivity, and coping ability in human settlement environments showed the directions of "medium–high–low (M-H-L)" in the early stage, "low–high–medium (L-H-M)" in the middle stage, and "low–medium–high (L-M-H)" in the later stage. ③ The causes of high vulnerability were as follows: The leading factors in the early stage were natural factors, the leading factors in the middle period were natural and human factors, and the leading factors in the later stage were human factors. ④ One-factor and two-factor interactive detection using a geodetector showed that urbanization, industrialization, land use control, and per capita income levels have become key and "short-board" factors that control the vulnerability of human settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has suggested that coping under pressure could be rooted in the ability to identify and manage one's emotions. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis using cross-sectional data obtained from a sample of South African national and university level female field-hockey players (N = 60, Mage = 21.57, SD = 3.65). A correlational research design was adopted of which a pen-and-paper survey containing the Emotional Intelligence Scale and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 was used to collect the data. Descriptive results exposed players to yield higher than average levels of total emotional intelligence and coping ability in sport with significant differences noted between the national and university level players in terms of their ability to manage their own emotions (p = 0.018), utilise emotions (p = 0.007, d = 0.74), coping with adversity (p = 0.002, d = 0.84), coachability (p < 0.01, d = 3.17), and overall coping ability (p < 0.01, d = 1.00). After controlling for the level of participation, hierarchical linear regression analyses confirmed the relationship between the study variables exposing total emotional intelligence to be a significant predictor of players' ability to cope with adversity (β = 0.55, p = 0.006), concentrate (β = 0.43, p = 0.044), maintain confidence and achievement motivation (β = 0.42, p = 0.027), as well as overall coping ability (β = 0.28, p = 0.023). It was concluded that emotional intelligence may be a worthy contributor in the psychological profiling of players and a plausible intervention mapping tool in sport psychology practice to potentially enhance the coping ability of female field-hockey players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of maternal care in commercial pig production is largely ignored. The sow has little possibility to interact with her piglets, and piglets are often subjected to early weaning or artificial rearing. This study aimed to investigate aspects of physiological and behavioural maternal provisioning that contribute to offspring outcomes. We hypothesised that better maternal care and nutritional provisioning would relate positively to piglet immunity, growth and behaviour. Nineteen sows and their litters were studied in free-farrowing pens. Oxytocin and tumour necrosis factor-α in colostrum/milk and salivary cortisol were sampled from sows throughout lactation. Sows were assessed for dominance rank, response to handling, maternal defensiveness, suckling initiation and termination, posture and sow-piglet contact. Piglets were weighed, measured for body mass index (BMI) and sampled for blood (Immunoglobulin G; at birth). After weaning, they experienced a human approach test (HAT) and novel object test. Correlations were explored between individual sow characteristics, individual piglet outcomes, and between sow characteristics and piglet outcomes averaged by litter. Significant correlations between sow and piglet factors were analysed at the litter level in mixed models with piglet outcomes as response variables and sow characteristics as predictor variables, while accounting for sow parity, litter size and batch. Litters grew faster when their sow had lower cortisol values (P = 0.03), while sows with lower cortisol levels had more successful suckling bouts and engaged in greater amounts of sow-piglet contact. Litters had a lower BMI at weaning when the sow had a higher milk fat percentage at d3. Litters of the most dominant sows took longer to approach the human in the HAT, while litters of sows with higher cortisol at d0 took longer to approach the novel object when assessed on correlations (r = 0.82, P

The upper area of Sathing Phra peninsula of Thailand has been affected every year by saltwater intrusion at > 1.5 grams/liter from Songkhla Lake, during April - June. Over 50% of the rice field area has been ruined by the intrusions. Recently, practices of the farmers to adapt to and cope with the saltwater intrusions into rice fields were assessed to be medium level effective. However, there were two adaptations rated at high levels. Those were "monitoring news on saltwater intrusions" and "supplementary careers instead of doing only rice farming". The farmers' guidelines to cope with the saltwater intrusions into rice fields were:1) alternating rice farming system, 2) adjusting the government support policies, 3) changing rice varieties, 4) growing other crops in the rice fields after rice farming season, 5) raising animals along with rice farming, 6) creating supplementary incomes, and 7) grouping farmers. The guidelines that most farmers agreed to practice were: 1) growing rice varieties that met household consumption, 2) growing high-value rice varieties, and 3) growing some saltwater tolerant plants after the rice-farming season. Coping with the problem of saltwater intrusions was rated at a high level. The study found that growing rice varieties that met household consumption along with the promoted rice varieties was preferred by the farmers. The second highest ranked was growing rice according to policies for the management of rice economic zone and mixed farms. These are guidelines that could be managed at the household level to maintain independent farming in the affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined COVID-19 mitigation and job insecurity among casual employees and the role of educational attainment, coping ability, and financial stress in that relationship. We surveyed 238 casual employees from five industries in the Southwestern part of Nigeria (female= 23.5%; age range= 20-56 years, mean age= 32.63 years, SD = 7.50 years) on their job insecurity in the COVID-19 pandemic. This was done in relation to educational attainment, coping ability, and financial stress. In a three-model hierarchical linear regression, educational attainment was the most predictive of job insecurity, followed by financial stress; then coping ability. There was no interactive effect of coping ability and financial stress on job insecurity. Separately, gender, age, and number of years of work experience of casual employees had no effect on their perceptions of job insecurity. Our findings suggest that regardless of gender, age, or years of work experience of casual employees, they perceived better job stability and opportunities during COVID-19 pandemic if they have a higher education, are financially stress-free, and can manage challenges that come their way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the lens of self-determination theory, this quantitative study investigates how patient-provider collaboration through perceived shared decision-making (SDM) and autonomy support impact type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes. We sampled 474 individuals over 18 years old who self-identified as having T2D. Completed and valid responses were received from 378 participants from two separate groups in an online survey. Data was analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), AMOS package, version 28, and Mplus, version 8.8. Patient-provider collaboration through autonomy support improved treatment satisfaction (β =.16, ρ <.05) and self-management adherence (β =.43, ρ <.001). While collaboration through SDM improved treatment satisfaction (β =.25, ρ <.01), it worsened SM adherence (β = −.31, ρ <.001). The negative impact of SDM on self-management adherence was mitigated by our moderator, coping ability. However, coping ability minimally impacted treatment satisfaction and SM adherence when autonomous support was provided. Autonomy support increases treatment satisfaction and self-management adherence. SDM enhances treatment satisfaction but may adversely affect self-management adherence. The study also suggests that coping ability can mitigate the negative effect of SDM on self-management adherence, although its influence is limited when autonomy support is provided by the provider. For providers, SDM and autonomy support permits shared power over treatment decisions while fostering independence over self-management tasks. Providers should evaluate patients' coping ability and adapt their approach to care based on the patient's coping capacity. • The physical and psychological demands encountered by SM tasks result in higher instances of non-adherence among patients. • Provider autonomy support increases patient treatment satisfaction and self-management adherence. • Shared decision-making enhances patient treatment satisfaction but may adversely affect self-management adherence. • Coping ability mitigates the adverse effect on SM adherence, but this effect is limited when autonomy support is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWith the increasing trend of aging, the mental health problems of the elderly require urgent attention. Depression is a common psychological problem of the elderly, which affects their quality of life and physical health. Problem-solving therapy can effectively improve depression in the elderly, but there are few studies on problem-solving therapy for depression in the elderly in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of modified problem-solving therapy (MPST) on depression, coping and self-efficacy in elderly nursing home residents.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 older adults from two nursing homes were recruited to participate in this study and randomly assigned to the intervention group (MPST) or the control group (usual care). The intervention lasted 8 weeks, and information on depression, coping skills, and self-efficacy was collected before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare changes at multiple time points between the two groups. If the interaction effect (group * time) was significant, independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences in outcome indicators between groups at post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention.ResultsCompared to the control group, depression scores in the intervention group were significantly lower at the end of the intervention and remained significantly lower than the control group 3 months post-intervention (p

Urban residents do have rationalities and justifications for the housing situation they are living in. This research is aimed to address the research question that proposed why housing choice behavior is different from person to person and why residents choose the housing type that they are living in given that in the dynamic housing market there are different housing options. The researchers are dedicated to investigating housing logic that guides urban housing choice behavior as a response to housing market dynamics. Understanding the housing logic behind the housing choice behavior of urban residents in a dynamic housing market is a logical basis of this research. This study benefited from both theoretical and empirical analysis because the literature review was supported by empirical observation. To achieve the research objective, the explanatory mixed-method sequential research design was employed where quantitative data were collected from 384 respondents who were randomly selected whereas qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. Urban residents decided to utilize housing type that fits their overall socio-economic capacity and coping abilities. Findings indicated that urban residents shifted their housing choice from formal to informal markets which imply the logic of housing choice behavior. This shifting has happened due to the lowered extent of supportiveness of formal housing market dynamics and the decline of coping abilities that was associated with the socio-economic crisis. The authors came up with the conclusion that the major housing choice logic of urban residents is affordability, accessibility, adequacy, and aptness factors. The authors would like to suggest to the municipality to strengthen the formal housing market given that the informal housing market is likely to aggravate social injustices and inequitable housing development.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT) TO IMPROVE COPING ABILITY IN DRUG ADDICT STUDENTS. This study provides an overview of the effect of Therapy with the Cognitive Behavioral Concept Approach to Preventing Relapse in Drug Abusers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of therapy with cognitive behavioral conceptual approaches to prevent relapse in drug abusers. The research design applied to the study was an experimental research design with a pretest and posttest control group design. The analysis used to see the significance of changes before and after the intervention was non-parametric analysis, namely the Two Independent Sample Test Mann Whitney U. The therapy process was carried out in 5 stages, with a total of 8 meetings, according to the meeting design in each stage. The results of therapy showed no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.

Background and aims: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is associated with high levels of stress for patients’ family members. Information delivery to family members is a strategy with potential positive effects on their stress. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of intraoperative information delivery via electronic patient tracking system (EPTS) and mobile-based communication (MBC) on stress and coping ability among the family members of patients under CABG surgery. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 80 family members of patients under CABG surgery. Participants were randomly allocated to an EPTS and an MBC group. Intraoperative information delivery to family members in the EPTS and the MBC groups was performed using EPTS and hourly mobile phone contacts, respectively. Data were collected before and after the intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Coping Response Inventory. The SPSS software (v. 22.0) was used for data analysis through the Fisher’s exact, Chi-square, independent-sample t, and paired-sample t tests. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the pretest and the posttest mean scores of stress and coping ability (P>0.05). The mean scores of stress and coping ability did not significantly change in the EPTS group (P>0.05). Moreover, the mean score of coping ability did not significantly change in the MBC group (P=0.429), while the mean score of stress significantly decreased in this group (P=0.009). Conclusion: Intraoperative information delivery to family members through mobile phone contacts is effective in significantly reducing stress among the family members of patients under CABG. Healthcare providers can use the findings of the present study to provide quality care to patients’ family members.

In this paper, taking the jurisdiction of Anhui Province as the research area, a vulnerability assessment index system of human settlements was constructed from “exposure–sensitivity–coping ability”. Based on the GIS spatial analysis method, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of human settlements in Anhui Province were analyzed. The influences of human factors and natural factors on the spatial differentiation of human settlement vulnerability were explored by using geographic detectors, and the driving mechanism of the evolution of human settlement vulnerability was analyzed. An analysis of the results showed the following: ① With a change in the time scale, the human settlement vulnerability index showed a trend of decreasing year by year, the exposure and sensitivity show a downward trend year by year in the three major subsystems, and the coping ability shows an upward trend year by year. ② The evolution of the vulnerability subsystems of exposure, sensitivity, and coping ability in human settlement environments showed the directions of “medium–high–low (M-H-L)” in the early stage, “low–high–medium (L-H-M)” in the middle stage, and “low–medium–high (L-M-H)” in the later stage. ③ The causes of high vulnerability were as follows: The leading factors in the early stage were natural factors, the leading factors in the middle period were natural and human factors, and the leading factors in the later stage were human factors. ④ One-factor and two-factor interactive detection using a geodetector showed that urbanization, industrialization, land use control, and per capita income levels have become key and “short-board” factors that control the vulnerability of human settlements.

At present, the doctor–patient relationships in Chinese medical and health institutions (MHI) are increasingly tense, and the reputation crisis challenges are being faced by MHI more frequently. However, the reputation crisis management level of the MHI is directly related to the future development and construction of the MHI and is an important management link that cannot be ignored. Therefore, how to quantify the impact of the relevant crisis on hospitals has become a major problem. First of all, this paper uses the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) to combine the characteristics of hospital reputation crisis with the theory and classification of MHI reputation crisis from three perspectives: victim crisis, accidental crisis, and preventable crisis. Second, a more comprehensive analysis of MHI reputation crisis management model is conducted in the research cases, based on the relevant data of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (UH), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (TJ), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (ZN), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (RM), and Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province (MC). Third, we divide MHI reputation positioning into four types, namely robust, growth, fragile, and sensitive, and innovate SCCT to build a new MHI crisis classification type. Finally, this paper provides appropriate crisis management strategies for sample MHI based on the above examples and theories. Furthermore, we realize the lifecycle management of MHI reputation by identifying, evaluating and responding to reputation issues. This study provides a theoretical reference for the MHI reputation crisis management level and the adjustment of future management strategies.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have consistently been associated with elevated risk of multiple adverse health outcomes, yet their contribution to coping ability and psychiatric resilience in adulthood is unclear. Methods: Cross-sectional data were derived from the ongoing Stress-And-Gene-Analysis cohort, representing 30% of the Icelandic nationwide female population, 18–69 years. Participants in the current study were 26,198 women with data on 13 ACEs measured with the ACE-International Questionnaire. Self-reported coping ability was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and psychiatric resilience was operationalized as absence of psychiatric morbidity. Generalized linear regression assuming normal or Poisson distribution were used to assess the associations of ACEs with coping ability and psychiatric resilience controlling for multiple confounders. Results: Number of ACEs was inversely associated with adult resilience in a dose-dependent manner; every 1SD unit increase in ACE scores was associated with both lower levels of coping ability (β = −0.14; 95% CI-0.15,–0.13) and lower psychiatric resilience (β = −0.28; 95% CI-0.29,–0.27) in adulthood. Compared to women with 0 ACEs, women with ≥5 ACEs had 36% lower prevalence of high coping ability (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59,0.70) and 58% lower prevalence of high psychiatric resilience (PR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.39,0.45). Specific ACEs including emotional neglect, bullying, sexual abuse and mental illness of household member were consistently associated with reduced adult resilience. We observed only slightly attenuated associations after controlling for adult socioeconomic factors and social support in adulthood. Conclusions: Cumulative ACE exposure is associated with lower adult resilience among women, independent of adult socioeconomic factors and social support, indicating that adult resilience may be largely determined in childhood. Funding: This work was supported by the European Research Council (Consolidator grant; UAV, grant number 726413), and the Icelandic Center for Research (Grant of excellence; UAV, grant number 163362-051). HBD was supported by a doctoral grant from the University of Iceland Research Fund.

Objective: To study was to determine the gender difference in the various factors attributed to success and failure in exams. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Army Medical College, from Sep 2018 to Oct 2018. Methodology: The study was carried out on 400 undergraduate students of Army Medical college (3rd and 4th year MBBS). A pretested and self-administered questionnaire was prepared and given to the students after explaining the details of its contents and how to answer them. The responses to each item were added using a Likert scale. Results: Out of 400 participants 324 completed the study. There were 200 (61.7%) male students and 124 (38.3%) female students with age range of 21-23 years and average age of 21 years. Personal interest and good teacher instruction, 148 (45.7%) and 147 (45.4%) respectively, were the attributions most frequently selected by the students for their success in exam. Whereas personal ability and good coping ability were stated to be the next frequently stated responses by the students, 140 (43.2%) and 141 (43.5%) respectively. In this study (80%) male students stated their personal ability to be the reason for their good results as compared to only 66%( females who stated their own ability to be the reason for their good performance (p-value of

Background/aim: The COVID-19 outbreak is known to increase stress levels of most patients with chronic diseases. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are highly susceptible to environmental stress. In the current study, we aimed to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic psychologically affected patients with chronic progressive diseases such as AS and RA and the effects of these psychological factors on disease activity. Materials and methods: Age and sex-matched patients with AS (n = 80), RA (n = 80), and healthy controls (n = 80) were included in the study. All participants were evaluated with the “Perceived COVID-19 Threat Form (PCTF)”, “Suicide-Ideation Scale (SIS)”, “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)”, “The Ability to Cope with Trauma (PACT)”, and “Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB)” scales. BASDAI was used in patients with AS, and DAS28 was used in patients with RA to assess disease severity. Results: Compared to healthy individuals, patients with RA and AS had lower PGWB scores and higher HADS depression and anxiety subscale scores. Almost all psychometric assessment test scores were worse in AS patients with high-disease activity compared to those in low-disease activity. PACT scores were higher in patients with moderate RA compared to patients with mild RA (p = 0.006). While a positive correlation was identified between BASDAI and most of the psychometric assessment test scores (r = 0 .36 for PCTF, r = 0.53 for depressive scores, r = 0.54 for anxiety scores, r = 0.57 for suicidal ideation), DAS28 scores were found to be associated only with PACT total and PACT perceived forward-focused subscale scores (r = –.26 and r = .33, respectively). Conclusion: Psychologically, AS and RA patients were found to be worse off compared to healthy controls. The perceived COVID threat and psychological status were associated with disease activity in AS, but not RA patients. Patients with chronic illnesses may be more vulnerable to the psychological effects of the pandemic, which can worsen disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background On the Road to Recovery (OTRTR) is a brief low intensity group psychological therapy that aims to improve patients’ insight into their mental disorder and develop adaptive coping skills to help manage distress. OTRTR is currently delivered in forensic mental health services in Scotland. However, to date, this therapy has not been evaluated as to its effectiveness or safety for forensic patients. Methods This is a parallel-group feasibility randomized controlled trial with single-blind assessments comparing OTRTR therapy to treatment as usual (TAU) for forensic mental health patients. Fifty participants will be recruited from high, medium, and low secure forensic mental health services in Scotland. Participants will receive OTRTR for approximately 12 weeks or continue treatment as usual for 12 weeks. The trial’s primary aims relate to testing the acceptability and feasibility of key trial procedures that would be necessary for a definitive RCT of OTRTR. The secondary aims include estimating therapeutic effect sizes on clinical outcomes including insight and coping skills. The study design also features an adverse event monitoring plan to estimate the safety of OTRTR for participants, as well as use of intensive longitudinal methods to identify “key ingredients” to the OTRTR therapy protocol. Discussion This study will inform the design and sample size for a future full-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT), which will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the On the Road to Recovery intervention in improving forensic mental health patients’ clinical insight and coping skills. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN75126867 registered 27 July 2017

Managing environmental hazards in any environment is imperative as they are harmful phenomena, objects, behaviours, conditions or human activities which may result in loss of life, injury and other health impacts. Therefore, this article assessed how students’ socioeconomic attributes affect their ability to cope with issues of sanitary hazards in tertiary public education institutions in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study evaluated such relationships using a perceptual approach whereby socioeconomic characteristics of students and their responses to sanitary hazards were captured. Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey which was administered to each of the selected 367 students residing on campus in three tertiary institutions using probability sampling procedures. Data obtained were analysed using frequency distribution and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings revealed that students’ coping ability had significant variation with socioeconomic variability such as age of student (F (3,363)= 4.090, p = 0.007*), ethnicity (F (3,363)= 3.381, p = 0.018*) and childhood environment (F (2,364)= 7.207, p = 0.010*). Of which the effect size measures of these attributes as presented by the Eta-squared statistic indicated that each attribute of these socioeconomic variability [age (0.033), ethnicity (0.027) and childhood environment (0.038)] accounted for a medium magnitude of students’ coping ability. The study, however, concludes that students are in need of environmental sanitation education to provide the required health knowledge and safety precautions to ensure sanitary environments within the institutions.

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To study was to determine the gender difference in the various factors attributed to success and failure in exams. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Army Medical College, from Sep 2018 to Oct 2018. Methodology: The study was carried out on 400 undergraduate students of Army Medical college (3rd and 4th year MBBS). A pretested and self-administered questionnaire was prepared and given to the students after explaining the details of its contents and how to answer them. The responses to each item were added using a Likert scale. Results: Out of 400 participants 324 completed the study. There were 200 (61.7%) male students and 124 (38.3%) female students with age range of 21-23 years and average age of 21 years. Personal interest and good teacher instruction, 148 (45.7%) and 147 (45.4%) respectively, were the attributions most frequently selected by the students for their success in exam. Whereas personal ability and good coping ability were stated to be the next frequently stated responses by the students, 140 (43.2%) and 141 (43.5%) respectively. In this study (80%) male students stated their personal ability to be the reason for their good results as compared to only 66%( females who stated their own ability to be the reason for their good performance (p-value of <0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant difference between males and female students mentioning ability, task difficulty and good preparation as factors attributable to their success and failure in exams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African immigrant-entrepreneurs arrive in foreign countries with just their human capital that helps them birth small businesses. Like other small businesses, these have the potential to contribute to the economic development of host nations, often by creating jobs; an important role, given the high levels of unemployment in the Southern African region. Unfortunately, the potential is deflated by the inability of the African-immigrant entrepreneurs to cope with running the businesses. This empirical study utilised a non-probability sampling technique to identify and collect data from African immigrant entrepreneurs in Southern Africa. Descriptive statistical analysis show that managerial skills and level of education are perceived to play the highest and lowest roles, respectively, as it concerns coping ability. Interestingly, despite the perception, multiple regression analysis conducted reveal that both level of education and managerial skills demonstrate significant relationships with the business coping ability of African immigrant-entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iskolakultúra is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We assessed the psychological well-being and workplace functioning of hospital workers in South Korea after an infectious disease outbreak by focusing on the effects of risk appraisal, emotional experience, and coping ability. Participants were 280 hospital workers who experienced the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak. We found that high risk appraisal decreased psychological resilience, whereas coping ability increased psychological resilience. Additionally, emotional disruption was associated with low resilience and also mediated the effect of perceived risk on psychological resilience. Results varied across occupational type (health-care workers vs. non-health-care workers), which implies that different considerations are needed for resilience-building among hospital workers responding to an outbreak. In particular, lowering perceived risk was most beneficial to health-care workers, whereas strengthening coping ability and relieving the intensity of negative emotions experienced were the most effective strategies for non-health-care workers. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence demonstrated that self-mastery and coping ability predict mental health in adults and children. However, there is a lack of research analyzing the relationships between those constructs in parents and children. Self-report data from 89 dyads (adolescents’ mean of age = 14.47, SD = 0.50; parents’ mean of age = 47.24, SD = 4.54) who participated in waves 17, 18, and 19 (following T1, T2, and T3) of a nineteen-wave longitudinal study were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model’s extended Mediation. Results showed significant actor effects of parents’ and adolescents’ self-mastery (T1) on mental health (T3) and the mediator effect of their coping abilities in managing stress (T2). Both a higher parental education level and being a mother positively influenced adolescents’ coping ability. The mutually beneficial relationships between parents’ and adolescents’ self-mastery, coping ability, and mental health were not demonstrated. Self-mastery is a significant predictor of adolescents’ and parents’ mental health, and coping ability serves as a good mediator between them. Qualitative research may clarify reasons why partner effects in the model were found to be non-significant. Further research should re-test this model with a larger sample size during childhood, when parents provide significant behavioral models for their children—as well as in adolescence, considering the peer group—to develop guidelines for behavioral interventions.

This paper examines factors that predispose pastoralist women to social and environmental vulnerability and how the women cope with their livelihoods when their husbands relocate with cattle during dry season. The paper adopts a case study research design to select Kwara State of Nigeria where focus groups discussions and interviews were held to elicit information. It was found that food insecurity, low incomes, seasonal changes, conflict, and culture deter women from sustaining a well-being. The study recommends that organisations and policy makers should capitalise on indigenous knowledge when designing measures to reduce people’s vulnerability as this would enhance their livelihood sustainability.

Objective: To characterize the coping capacity and quality of life of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy treated with temporal lobectomy. Methods: We present a descriptive and correlational study of 16 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent temporal lobectomy at the International Neurological Restoration Center in 2016 first semester. Demographic variables (age, sex, schooling and marital status) and psychological variables (self-knowledge of the disease, self-esteem, assertiveness, lifestyle, coping styles and quality of life) were used. A semi-structured interview, the Coopersmith self-esteem inventory, the assertiveness scale and the health promoter lifestyle questionnaire were applied. The QOLIE-31 quality of life scale and the Lazarus coping mode scale were used. Non parametric statistics were used with significance level p= 05. Results: Twelve patients reported an adequate self-knowledge of their disease. The assertiveness behaved in middle levels in 9 patients and in high average values in 4 patients. 75% of cases were observed with a lifestyle not favorable for their health. However, the majority had a total mean quality of life of 83 ± 13 SD (assessment of good quality of life). There were differences in lifestyle, selfknowledge of the disease and quality of life in relation to the result of temporal lobectomy. Conclusions: Predominant in patients a health risk coping capacity, characterized by a non-health promoting lifestyle, with adequate levels of self-esteem and assertiveness, and an appropriate selfknowledge of the disease. A heterogeneous profile is found in the coping styles and good quality of life in the patients. The lifestyle is positively related to the quality of life, aspect modulated by the persistence or not of epileptic seizures after the temporal lobectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The sow's role beyond nutrition is, in commercial pig production, largely ignored. • We investigated how maternal characteristics contribute to offspring outcomes. • Sows with lower cortisol concentrations showed better nursing behaviour. • Piglets from sows with lower cortisol concentrations grew better. • Reducing sow stress during lactation improves sow and piglet performance and welfare. The importance of maternal care in commercial pig production is largely ignored. The sow has little possibility to interact with her piglets, and piglets are often subjected to early weaning or artificial rearing. This study aimed to investigate aspects of physiological and behavioural maternal provisioning that contribute to offspring outcomes. We hypothesised that better maternal care and nutritional provisioning would relate positively to piglet immunity, growth and behaviour. Nineteen sows and their litters were studied in free-farrowing pens. Oxytocin and tumour necrosis factor-α in colostrum/milk and salivary cortisol were sampled from sows throughout lactation. Sows were assessed for dominance rank, response to handling, maternal defensiveness, suckling initiation and termination, posture and sow-piglet contact. Piglets were weighed, measured for body mass index (BMI) and sampled for blood (Immunoglobulin G; at birth). After weaning, they experienced a human approach test (HAT) and novel object test. Correlations were explored between individual sow characteristics, individual piglet outcomes, and between sow characteristics and piglet outcomes averaged by litter. Significant correlations between sow and piglet factors were analysed at the litter level in mixed models with piglet outcomes as response variables and sow characteristics as predictor variables, while accounting for sow parity, litter size and batch. Litters grew faster when their sow had lower cortisol values (P = 0.03), while sows with lower cortisol levels had more successful suckling bouts and engaged in greater amounts of sow-piglet contact. Litters had a lower BMI at weaning when the sow had a higher milk fat percentage at d3. Litters of the most dominant sows took longer to approach the human in the HAT, while litters of sows with higher cortisol at d0 took longer to approach the novel object when assessed on correlations (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) but not when the model accounted for parity and litter size (P = 0.35). Only some of the measured nutritive and non-nutritive sow factors influenced litter performance and behaviour, with parity and litter size also playing a role. Given the continued increase in litter size, but also the interest in loose-housed lactation pens for sows, further research on sows' maternal investment and how it can be optimised is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to survey the relationship between job stress, self- efficiency and coping ability among staff of therapeutic- educational hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical sciences.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 among therapeuticeducational hospitals of based on a two stage random sampling. Initially seven hospitals were selected using a simple random method and then 288 persons from the therapeutic and administrative staff were chosen as the sample to be studied using a classified random method. Data were collected using 4 questionnaires titled personal information, self-efficiency, Tores Theorell's job stress scale and Schwarzer's self efficacy and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation CISS-21 ( Dutch's coping). Data were analyzed Using SPSS software version 11.5 and also Chi-Squared test, T -test, One-Way Anova , Regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: All the demographic variables including age, gender, marital status, working hours and work experience had a significant relationship with job stress. Pearson correlation test indicated a negative correlation between job stress and self- efficiency, working hours, age and work experience (P

The present research is aimed to ascertain the role of locus of control in mediating or coping on various degree/levels of stress among the college/university teachers of Bahawalpur. For that purpose a sample of N=200 male/female college/university teacherswas selected by convenient sampling. Research tools, Locus of control by Julian Rotter (1966) and Stress questionnaire by International Stress Management Association UK, (2009) were administered for data collection. After the collection of data it was analyzedby SPSS. The results shows that the teachers identified with internal locus of control reveal low level of stress as contrast to the teachers with external locus of control. The study also confirms that high internal locus of control determines high coping andmediating ability of stress among the teachers. The study also pointed out that the teachers with external locus of control were more incline or prone to stress. Furthermore, Pearson and Spearman’s Correlation results at significant level of .000 show that bothvariables are highly correlated. Similarly, overall Mean of locus of control and Coefficient of variation reveals the high consistency role in relation with stress.

In 2010, approximately 79 million Americans had prediabetes and about 50 percent of those individuals were 65 years and older. The most effective diabetes prevention method in prediabetic adults is lifestyle modification. However, despite the benefits of lifestyle change, diabetes prevalence continues to increase. Maintaining a regular exercise routine and a healthy eating plan may be difficult because of the negative emotional barriers (i.e., stress, mood) that a prediabetic individual faces. This is particularly evident in older individuals when you combine that with decreases in mobility and geriatric syndromes. A potential treatment for these emotional barriers is a natural supplement called 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). In the current study, the group included 154 participants, both men and women, ranging between the ages of 41 to 71 years old. The study design was a double-blind, randomized parallel-group study. The Psychosocial Depressive Symptoms Questionnaire (PDS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to examine the effect of two doses of 5-ALA (15 mg and 50 mg) on various components of mood (i.e., hopefulness, loneliness, and motivation) and coping ability. Using SAS software, an ordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the dose groups (control, 15 mg, and 50 mg) and the responses to the two questionnaires, the PDS and PSS, used in this study. An integrative literature review, using the PubMed database, searched for studies on the relationship between 5-ALA administration and mood and coping ability. Our literature review resulted in zero published articles. Next, we found that the intake of 5-ALA was significantly associated with improved coping ability (p = 0.004) and improved self-perception of effort spent (p = 0.002). Finally, we found a significant dose-dependent relationship for the association of 5-ALA intake on measures of effort (p = 0.003), loneliness (p = 0.006), and coping ability (p = 0.003). The 50 mg dose was more effective than the 15 mg dose in improving these measures. In conclusion, after 12 weeks of taking 5-ALA, we found significant improvements in self-perception of effort spent, loneliness, and coping ability in prediabetic middle age and older adults. Improved mood and coping ability may allow prediabetic individuals to overcome the emotional obstacles preventing them from maintaining a healthy lifestyle and ultimately, help them to avoid the development of diabetes.

This paper undertakes a risk assessment of coastal counties in the Gulf of Mexico impacted by the 2010 Deep Water Horizon oil spill. The study evaluates hazard risk from the perspective of community resilience, social capital, and access to resources. The proposed hazard risk location model re-specifies risk as a function of hazard, exposure, and coping ability. The model employs an autoregressive function and a threshold analysis to develop a place-based risk assessment. The results indicate that spatial variation in risk levels coincides with locational differences in social capital across the study area. Geographical proximity to the spill, population density, and unemployment rate are also key factors in determining overall risk. Furthermore, temporal variation in risk levels is determined by exposure to previous hazard events and changes in the business cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between internet dependence in university students in late adolescence and self-image. The research group consisted of first year university students studying in various departments of the Karadeniz Technical University Fatih Faculty of Education. The study was performed with 623 students, 454 female and 169 male. The Internet Dependence Questionnaire, the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire and a Personal Data Form were used for data collection. Pearson product moment coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis results showed that students' internet dependence was significantly negatively correlated with the self-image subdimensions intrafamilial and social relations, impulse control, coping ability and body image. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the self-image subdimensions of intrafamilial and social relations and impulse control subdimensions significantly predict internet dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In social groups, individuals are often confronted with evaluations of their behaviour by other group members and are motivated to adapt their own behaviour accordingly. In two studies we examine emotional responses towards, and perceived coping abilities with, morality vs. competence evaluations individuals receive from other in-group members. In Study 1, we show that evaluations of one's immoral behaviour primarily induce guilt, whereas evaluations of incompetent behaviour raise anger. In Study 2, we elaborate on the psychological process associated with these emotional responses, and demonstrate that evaluations of immorality, compared to incompetence, diminish group members’ perceived coping abilities, which in turn intensifies feelings of guilt. However, when anticipating an opportunity to restore one's self-image as a moral group member, perceived coping abilities are increased and the experience of guilt is alleviated. Together these studies demonstrate how group members can overcome their moral misery when restoring their self-image. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]