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In this article, I offer an innovative approach to examining the reproduction of commoning in the longue durée. I adopt a broad, but fundamentally spatial, understanding of commoning and enclosure that recognises not only the material but also the political, socio‐cultural, and labour commons. This allows for the identification of both the diversity of commoning practices and institutions and how enclosure has shaped these new commons. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I integrate the concepts of "threshold spatiality" and the "commons circuit" to describe how commoning practices have been adapted to new spatialities following enclosure. The reproduction of commoning in various forms in the Basque Country illustrates what I call "resilient commoning" practices over centuries of political‐economic change. In doing so, I offer a narrative that moves beyond the debate over the Basque Country being historically egalitarian or stratified, instead focusing on the dialectical processes of commoning and enclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the progress and challenges of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) principle in Chilean cooperatives, with the aim of conducting a comparative analysis with the Spanish experience. The legal methodology used for the study was comparative legal analysis, historical-logical analysis, and content analysis. It is concluded that in Spain, social responsibility is enshrined in law and supported by constitutional considerations, which has allowed for solid legislative development and a state structure. In Chile, the cooperative movement has experienced ups and downs, although there have been legislative advances in labor and environmental matters. The existence of the Social Responsibility Council for Sustainable Development is of vital importance to promote social responsibility in companies, especially in the cooperative sector. However, there is still a need for greater state impetus and more solid legislation on cooperatives with a vision aimed at promoting corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess whether cooperatives are the ideal setting for promoting the work-life balance, a right whose protection has been built in close connection with the promotion of gender equality. To this end, we intend to answer the following questions: (i) What are the main dimensions of the right to work-life balance, and what is the relevance of protecting this right to promote gender equality? (ii) To what extent can the legal regime of cooperatives promote the right to work-life balance and, consequently, gender equality? (iii) What are the main facilitators and obstacles to work-life balance in cooperatives from the perspective of women and men? From a methodological point of view, our study is based on a review of the literature, legislation, and an empirical study. The empirical analysis was based on the results of a questionnaire survey, which yielded 414 valid responses from employees of SEEs, including 62 from cooperatives. The statistical methods followed were descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and post-hoc tests. The findings shed light on the specific challenges faced by employees in cooperatives regarding work-life balance and highlight the importance of open and supportive communication channels within the workplace and flexibility in time management. The results also suggest that cooperatives, according to the perception of employees, are the ones that promote more facilitators and that their organisational culture and climate are favourable to fostering a healthy work-life balance. The observed outcomes can be primarily attributed to the democratic and participatory management inherent in cooperative structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperatives and worker-owned companies, as representatives of the Social Economy, prioritize people over capital. This prioritization is reflected in more equitable and inclusive workforces. Comparative analyses of these types of enterprises compared to commercial enterprises show smaller gender gaps, both in employment participation and in working conditions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the probability of access to positions of greater responsibility in these enterprises and to see whether women have a greater probability of access in these social economy enterprises than in commercial enterprises, concluding that they face fewer obstacles and that the glass ceiling is more fragile. Based on a decade-long analysis of labor trajectories and social security registration data, estimates indicate that female employees in cooperatives and worker-owned companies have a higher probability of reaching the highest contribution group than men. During the analyzed period, these companies have prioritized the integration of women into decision-making roles and have not faced a glass ceiling. This trend is particularly evident among workers aged over 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a review of Spanish cooperative laws in order to identify provisions that promote gender equality in the composition of the management and governing bodies of these companies. Considering that equality is one of the essential values of the cooperative identity, it would be expected that the realization of this principle in corporate governance would be -at the very least-on the expected level for capitalist companies, especially publicly traded companies, with which cooperative societies share a similar corporate structure. However, further analysis reveals that, while some autonomous laws are notable for having included significant measures in these generic, corporate, economic, and promotional aspects, the majority still lack explicit commitments regarding gender equality. Therefore, it is deemed advisable to formulate a set of guidelines and recommendations on this matter, aligned with those provided in the Good Governance Code of Listed Companies, to which the entire cooperative movement should adhere, subject to the comply or explain approach. In this regard, the Principles of European Cooperative Law could serve as a valuable inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Entramado is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un diagnóstico de la capacidad empresarial y sociorganizativa de los productores cafetaleros que están integrados a cooperativas en el estado de Veracruz. El enfoque de la investigación fue mixto y se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos un cuestionario de 105 preguntas basadas en los capitales: social, humano, económico, comercial, físico y natural; como técnica adicional se aplicó la observación participante. El diagnóstico implementado indica que las cooperativas cafetaleras no tienen nivel competitivo de capacidades empresariales, lo que les impide aprovechar escenarios favorables que se presentan en el sector cafetalero.

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Cooperativos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a context of evolution in social economic policies and development within their institutional framework, this article classifies, analyzes, and compares public policies promoting cooperativism in two prominent European social economic ecosystems: Emilia Romagna and the Valencian Community. Both regions share cognitive and operational elements that drive the creation and consolidation of cooperative entities. Examining the two territories in terms of their legal frameworks, strategic areas, cooperative federations, and cooperativism promotion programs, the comparison reveals notable differences in all categories. Despite a greater legislative and budgetary effort in the Valencian Community, cooperativism in Emilia Romagna demonstrates more effective development in terms of numbers. Additionally, there is a full implementation of second-generation policy characteristics in the Valencian Community, whereas in Emilia Romagna, challenges for a complete transition are evident, such as the absence of a cooperativism promotion plan that organizes all policies in a holistic and coordinated manner. Recommendations are proposed for both territories, emphasizing the formulation of a promotion plan and the stimulation of specific support for cooperatives in Emilia Romagna, and the systematization of the evaluation of their plans in the Valencian Community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar cómo las cooperativas, las cuales se basan en una serie de principios y valores de actuación sociales y medioambientales, están capacitadas para contribuir a la transformación socioecológica a través de la innovación social (IS). Para ello, se analizan los elementos comunes de las cooperativas tanto con la IS como con la transformación socioecológica a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Asimismo, para mostrar dichas relaciones, se analizan una serie de experiencias de cooperativas a nivel mundial que desarrollan IS para identificar qué elementos de los sistemas socioecológicos altera y de qué forma contribuyen a construir modelos más justos y sostenibles.

El estudio examina la ecoinnovación en cooperativas y empresas de capital, analizando sus factores impulsores. Tras evaluar respuestas de 718 establecimientos industriales vascos, incluyendo 57 cooperativas, se concluye que los principios cooperativos no aseguran el éxito en ecoinnovación. La voluntariedad de la ecoinnovación no es más relevante en las cooperativas, siendo las presiones regulatorias y fuerzas del mercado los principales impulsores. A pesar de enfrentar mayores limitaciones, las cooperativas logran beneficios medioambientales similares. Los resultados refuerzan la importancia de las políticas públicas para una efectiva transición ecológica. Así mismo, instan a reevaluar con evidencia empírica algunos postulados de la literatura de la economía social.

El trabajo trata del origen y evolución de los siete principios cooperativos de la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional y de su valor o no como fuente del Derecho nacional, retomando la clásica discusión del valor jurídico que realmente tienen. Para comprobar si estos principios vinculan a los legisladores, si les sirven como simples guías o si han quedado en un mero decálogo de buenas intenciones sin gran valor jurídico, se realiza una investigación del especifico reflejo normativo que ha tenido cada uno de ellos en el Derecho positivo. Respecto al Derecho español, se analiza cómo la legislación de cooperativas histórica y la actual han recepcionado los distintos principios cooperativos y como su reconocimiento varía mucho entre unas leyes autonómicas y otras. También se analiza el diferente tratamiento legal que han tenido los principios cooperativos en distintos ordenamientos de Derecho comparado, que da como resultado una gran falta de homogeneidad de sus regulaciones que demuestra la relatividad temporal y espacial de estos principios. Recibido: 20 noviembre 2023 Aceptado: 04 julio 2024

Las cooperativas no constituyen un fenómeno de reciente surgimiento en Cuba, sin embargo hasta el 2012 estas se limitaron solo al contexto agropecuario. Posterior a ese año se aprueba el marco legal básico que permite constituir cooperativas de objeto social distinto al agrario. Pese a esa extensión, consecuencia de la divergencia del marco legislativo nacional para una u otras cooperativas y debido a la no existencia de una Ley General de Cooperativas, el orden legal en esta materia en Cuba posee notables incongruencias que trasciende a las instituciones jurídicas que lo conforman. Este es el caso de la figura del capital social cooperativo, la que no se incluye con carácter generalizador en la legislación cooperativa cubana, además de contar con una exigua regulación que trasciende a sus presupuestos, a la de las aportaciones que la conforman y a su utilidad práctica. Recibido: 26 septiembre 2023 Aceptado: 04 julio 2024

En este artículo se analizan los avances y desafíos del principio de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) en las cooperativas chilenas, con el objetivo de realizar un análisis comparativo con la experiencia española. La metodología jurídica que orientó el estudio fue análisis jurídico-comparativos, histórico-lógicos y de análisis de contenido. Se llega a la conclusión de que en España la responsabilidad social está positivizada y respaldada por consideraciones constitucionales, lo que ha permitido un sólido desarrollo legislativo y una estructura estatal, que en Chile, el movimiento cooperativo ha experimentado con altibajos, aunque se observan avances legislativos en materia laboral y ambiental y la existencia del Consejo de Responsabilidad Social para el Desarrollo Sostenible es de vital importancia promover la responsabilidad social en las empresas y en especial en el sector cooperativo, aunque aún falta un mayor impulso estatal y una legislación más sólida en materia de cooperativismo con una visión que apunte a potenciar la responsabilidad social corporativa.

Las cooperativas en México son parte fundamental de la actividad económica; la unión entre sus miembros es vital para alcanzar metas y objetivos como grupo. Contextualizar su interior es fundamental para entender el papel de la cohesión social. El objetivo del estudio es explicar la importancia de los vínculos sociales, confianza, valores compartidos y sentido de pertenencia como pilares de la cohesión social, a través de lo que perciben los integrantes en las cooperativas. La metodología es cualitativa y transversal. Entre los resultados, los valores compartidos son el pilar más importante en las cooperativas.

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é analisar se as cooperativas de crédito gerenciam seus resultados contábeis, a fim de suavizá-los por meio da provisão para créditos de liquidação duvidosa (income smoothing), sob uma perspectiva de inadimplência. Metodologia: A amostra alcança 938 cooperativas singulares entre o período de dezembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2018, com dados do Banco Central do Brasil, testados por meio da técnica estatística de regressão múltipla, em painéis trimestrais. Resultados: A variação do estoque de operações de créditos e o lucro líquido ajustado não foram estatisticamente significativos no modelo, no entanto não foi possível aceitar a hipótese de que as cooperativas de crédito utilizam a provisão de créditos de liquidação duvidosa (PCLD) como mecanismo para gerenciamento de resultados. A taxa de juros implícitos no resultado da renda de operação de crédito foi significativa, e, portanto, relacionada à variação da PCLD, enquanto a condição de livre admissão não demonstrou significância estatística. A variação da inadimplência apresentou significância no modelo, com coeficiente negativo, implicando coerência com a hipótese de gerenciamento de resultados, pois em cenário de maior inadimplência (risco) a relação é negativa e, portanto os níveis de PCLD são menores, evitando potenciais resultados negativos. Contribuições do Estudo: Os resultados indicam ausência de gerenciamento de resultados por PCLD na amostra e período, contribuindo para a discussão das relações entre variáveis de gerenciamento de resultados. Isso possibilita as cooperativas de crédito refletir sobre sua estrutura interna de governança corporativa. Além disso, as evidências contribuem para o progresso da literatura sobre manipulação de resultados em cooperativas de crédito, para as quais existem poucos estudos disponíveis e exercem um papel importante no mercado brasileiro, garantindo fluxos de financiamento para setores econômicos não atendidos pelas instituições bancárias tradicionais.

El presente trabajo muestra la propuesta económica de importantes representantes del socialismo, en donde se destaca la defensa por la propiedad comunal, las cooperativas y las empresas sociales, todo ello enmarcado dentro de un sistema autogestionario; alejándose de esta manera de una economía estatista. Además, se evidencia que Marx fue un crítico del Estado, por lo que no defendió una economía estatal, sino más bien una basada en cooperativas conectadas en una Gran Unión ejemplificada en la Comuna de París, y su propuesta de Estado era uno proletario, de tipo participativo y democrático, muy lejos de las dictaduras estatistas que han utilizado de manera falsa su nombre como fuente de inspiración, y que en vez de haber implantado un modelo socialista ejecutaron un capitalismo de Estado. Finalmente, se muestra la compatibilidad de las empresas sociales con el socialismo, y dentro del cual se ve el éxito que tuvo el modelo socialista autogestionario de Yugoslavia cuando fue gobernado por Josip Broz Tito, un modelo auténticamente socialista, en donde su economía se basó en empresas sociales y la autogestión de sus trabajadores.

Objective: Determine the capacities of producer organizations through the presence or absence of territorial governance mechanisms that distinguish the Localized Agrifood System (SIAL) in coffee production in the municipality of Cuetzalan del Progreso. Methodology: Qualitative research methods were applied, with semi-structured interviews as the primary technique, complemented by participant observation, documentary analysis, and fieldwork. Results: These indicate four categories of producer organization based on territorial governance, reflecting the maturity of relational systems among actors and their collective resistance capacity. Limitations: Lack of statistical, census, and cartographic information on coffee producers in the area. Conclusions: Four groups or types of producer organizations were identified within the coffee SIALs, each exhibiting varying levels of consolidation in their territorial governance processes. Consolidated producer organizations demonstrate greater resilience to climate variability and market prices and add more value to their production. In contrast, individual producers with smaller landholdings, who also work as day laborers or market other products, face higher levels of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the National Policy on Solid Waste instruments - Selective Collection, Reverse Logistics System (RLS) and Sectoral Agreement (SA) - on the infrastructure and operating conditions of nine recycling cooperatives in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2021. Methodology: The data collection was conducted through interviews with waste pickers associations and by compiling a database - "Sectoral Agreement of Packaging Industry Map of Actions". There was also an analysis of the correlation between the average income with formalization time, number of members, source of materials and SA activities. Relevance: The National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW) recognizes the importance of waste pickers and ensures they are integrated in a shared responsibility model for the product lifecycle, by encouraging them to form cooperatives. Results: Only three cooperatives took part in the RLS and issued invoices. Approximately half of the SA activities were allocated to a single cooperative, which was more profitable and had a better infrastructure. There was a moderate-to-strong correlation with four of the analyzed variables which meant that there was no standardized procedure for the allocation of investments to cooperatives, and this affected their productive capacity. Contributions to management: When seeking to make the sector better, the SA must establish criteria to ensure the most precarious cooperatives are included so that their operational and general performance can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Cooperativos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recerca is the property of Universitat Jaume I and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio del derecho de baja voluntaria de los socios en la legislación cooperativa española y en Derecho comparado. En España tradicionalmente se ha considerado que el derecho del socio de la cooperativa de darse de baja en cualquier momento de la entidad, sin necesidad de alegar causa o razón alguna y con el consiguiente reembolso de las aportaciones al capital social realizadas, es un derecho fundamental e inalienable de su estatuto jurídico. Sin embargo, como demuestra el trabajo, los términos en los que la Alianza Cooperativas Internacional se pronuncia sobre el primer principio cooperativo de adhesión voluntaria y abierta no es tan categórico como se suele interpretar. Además, del estudio de Derecho comparado realizado se desprende que el ordenamiento español es uno de los más radicales en reconocer, en contra de los posibles intereses de las cooperativas, el derecho de separación de los socios de las cooperativas. Sin embargo, en algunas de las leyes autonómicas de cooperativas promulgadas en algo más de la última década (Castilla-La Mancha, Aragón, Extremadura y Andalucía) se percibe una clara tendencia a favor de poder limitar severamente, a través de los estatutos sociales, las condiciones de salida de los socios, de prorrogar en determinadas circunstancias los plazos de permanencia obligatoria y, en especial, las posibles responsabilidades de las personas que causen baja de la entidad por deudas e inversiones realizadas y no amortizadas por la entidad. Como cierre del trabajo se expone, como ejemplo, el caso de una cooperativa agraria que quiere limitar al máximo el derecho de separación de sus miembros y se resuelve aplicando distintas leyes españolas y de derecho comparado de cooperativas y se hace una aproximación a la posibilidad de articular compromisos de permanencia a través de pactos parasociales.

O cooperativismo mundial possui grande expressividade socioeconômica, são 1,2 bilhão de cooperados, 280 milhões de postos de trabalho gerados, 3 milhões de cooperativas presente em 150 países. A grande relevância do cooperativismo não tem sido suficiente para amenizar os graves problemas causados pela concentração de renda e riqueza no mundo. Na tentativa de combater as mazelas das desigualdades sociais e a exploração do trabalho, a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) desenvolveu o conceito de trabalho decente, como uma estratégia para amenizar os efeitos perversos da precarização do trabalho e das desigualdades sociais. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo do artigo é analisar os empregos gerados pelas cooperativas e empresas não cooperativas, a luz do conceito do trabalho decente, em Turvo/SC, no período de 2006 a 2018. A pesquisa foi realizada em fontes bibliográficas e em coleta de dados na RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais), além de informações disponibilizadas pelo IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e Atlas Brasil. Os resultados apontam que as cooperativas estão presentes nas principais atividades econômicas do município, o trabalho gerado pelas cooperativas é mais qualificado, quando comparados as empresas não cooperativas. Embora existam desafios a serem superados, tais como: as mulheres têm melhores níveis salariais quando comparados ao setor não cooperativo e ocupam quase a metade dos postos de trabalho gerados nas cooperativas pesquisadas, contudo, ainda permanecem desigualdades salariais em relação aos rendimentos dos homens.

Este estudo teve por objetivo geral descrever o atual cenário do cooperativismo no estado desde seu surgimento até 2021. Tal objetivo foi traçado com a finalidade de responder a seguinte problemática de pesquisa: Qual o cenário atual do cooperativismo em Mato Grosso desde seu surgimento em 1973 até 2021? Esta pesquisa se demonstrou importante no sentido de propor uma descrição e posteriormente uma discussão sobre a evolução do cooperativismo em um estado onde o agronegócio é extremamente dominante do ponto de vista econômico e agrícola. Como parte dos resultados foi encontrado que o cooperativismo está em plena ascensão no estado de Mato Grosso, porém ainda necessita transpor obstáculos que vão desde a adesão de novos cooperados e estabelecimentos rurais até a diversificação destes com base nos ramos e segmentos do cooperativismo.

O presente artigo apresenta as principais mudanças na geração distribuída de energia elétrica no Brasil, contemplando a aprovação do novo marco legal (Lei 14.300/2022) do setor, que entrou em vigor em janeiro de 2022. Para responder à investigação no campo da geração de energia, a pesquisa conta com estudos bibliográficos, documentais, exploratório-descritiva e de natureza qualitativa. Parte-se da compreensão da nova legislação, que de certa forma apresenta maior segurança jurídica ao setor, assegura sustentabilidade econômica aos diferentes agentes do setor elétrico brasileiro. Desta forma, apesar de a mudança na legislação ser bastante recente, com desdobramentos em curso, com impactos a serem ainda melhor mensurados, concluiu-se que o novo marco legal equilibra o incentivo à geração distribuída e viabilidade técnico-econômica no médio e longo prazo ao sistema elétrico brasileiro, em especial às distribuidoras de energia elétrica. Abstract: This article presents the main changes in the distributed generation of electricity in Brazil, contemplating the approval of the new legal framework (Law 14.300/2022) for the area, which took its effect in January 2022.To answer the research in the field of energy generation, the research relies on bibliographic, documentary, exploratory-descriptive and qualitative studies. It starts from the understanding of the new legislation, which in a way provides greater legal certainty to the area, and ensures economic sustainability to the different agents of the Brazilian electricity sector. This way, despite the change in legislation being quite recent, with ongoing developments, and having impacts to be even better measured, it was concluded that the new legal framework balances the incentive for distributed generation and gives technical-economic feasibility in the medium and long term over Brazilian electric system, especially to electric energy distributors.

Las cooperativas de trabajadoras son deseables porque otorgan control democrático a sus trabajadoras y pueden operar eficientemente. Para defender esta doble tesis, el artículo procede del siguiente modo. Primero, ofrece una justificación del control democrático de la empresa a partir de la filosofía política republicana. La rendición de cuentas democrática permite que las empresas se organicen internamente por medio de gerentes y directoras que tengan que atender a los intereses de las trabajadoras. Segundo, el artículo analiza la relevancia normativa que tiene la eficiencia. El punto central es que las empresas existen porque organizan la producción más eficientemente que una serie de intercambios entre contratistas independientes. Esto indica que las cooperativas al menos deben cumplir con este margen de eficiencia. Tercero, se argumenta que la evidencia disponible es compatible con pensar que las cooperativas son eficientes y que sus dificultades de financiación podrían mitigarse cambiando las condiciones institucionales de trasfondo.

Con el presente artículo se buscó identificar los impuestos federales, estatales y municipales que son aplicables a las cooperativas en Querétaro, México. Para tal efecto, se realizó un acercamiento teórico al federalismo y el sistema tributario, destacando la relevancia de la coordinación fiscal para delimitar la autonomía que se tiene en los distintos niveles de gobierno para la creación de impuestos. Con el estudio, se analizaron los esquemas impositivos que aplican para las cooperativas de producción de consumo y de ahorro y préstamo, considerando la legislación vigente y las jurisprudencias de la Corte. Los resultados muestran que dichas sociedades son contribuyentes de impuestos en los distintos órdenes de gobierno, con algunas excepciones en materia de Impuesto Sobre la Renta. Recibido: 10 abril 2023 Aceptado: 29 noviembre 2023

La igualdad de género es reconocida como un derecho humano fundamental con importantes consecuencias socioeconómicas, por lo que sigue siendo urgente adoptar medidas e iniciativas al respecto y la vía cooperativa puede marcar alguna diferencia en este sentido. por su especial idiosincrasia. En el presente artículo abordaremos esa especificidad, analizando las fortalezas y debilidades del modelo cooperativo frente a la igualdad de género, su especial tratamiento en la normativa autonómica y, en especial, las novedades introducidas en este ámbito por la Ley 11/2019, de Cooperativas de Euskadi. Recibido: 01 junio 2023 Aceptado: 30 noviembre 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de acesso ao crédito rural por agricultores familiares do município de Cabaceiras do Paraguaçu – BA, através de uma cooperativa de crédito existente no município, visando, assim, compreender benefícios e dificuldades em relação ao acesso a esse crédito via cooperativa. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, aplicou-se um questionário com dez agricultores familiares, associados a uma cooperativa de crédito do município. A partir desse estudo, foi possível observar que o cooperativismo de crédito é fundamental para o desenvolvimento rural, promovendo a manutenção e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, pois permite o desenvolvimento das propriedades, contribui para a alimentação da população e reduz a ocorrência do êxodo rural, mesmo em um contexto de deficiências das linhas de crédito ofertadas e acessadas, e a necessidade de um trabalho de educação cooperativista.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar sistemas productivos de repollo en cuatro cooperativas rurales en Jinotega, con énfasis en aspectos socioeconómicos, agronómicos y fitosanitarios. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal de tipo no experimental, se evaluaron 60 sistemas de producción, la información obtenida fue de fuentes primarias (encuestas y entrevistas), las variables fueron sometidas a un análisis descriptivo. La edad de los productores estuvo en un rango de 20 a 80 años, su principal actividad económica es la agricultura, con niveles de educación inicial, las condiciones de la vivienda están en el rango de regular a buena, el área cultivada oscila entre 0,34 a 5,0 ha, cuentan con capacitación, las principales prácticas de manejo del cultivo fueron: manejo de arvenses, preparación del suelo, uso de trampas, monitoreo de plagas y enfermedades, uso de semillas certificadas, variedades resistentes, manejo de rastrojo y riego. Las principales enfermedades son: Rhizoctonia spp, Xanthomonas spp, Alternaria spp y Mycosphaerella spp y plagas insectiles Plutella xylostella L. Brevicoryne spp y ácaros. Todas controladas mediante el manejo químico sintético.

Universities play a crucial role in the development of a society's entrepreneurial spirit. Among the different vehicular entrepreneurship alternatives, there is one with unique characteristics that is the cooperative. However, very few of the new companies created in the university environment are cooperatives, entities promoted by public institutions because they constitute an effective tool for entrepreneurship that places the individual at the centre of its structure to combine economic and social interests. This paper analyses the presence of cooperativism in the academic and entrepreneurial reality of the public universities of Andalusia, one of the regions with more entrepreneurs, university students, and where cooperativism has been most promoted by political institutions. To this end, we analyse the academic offer of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees at nine Andalusian public universities and conduct in-depth interviews with the heads and technical staff of the entrepreneurship services at these universities, using inductive and qualitative methodologies. The results show a scarce and improvable presence of cooperativism in the curricula of the analysed degrees, as well as a management by the entrepreneurship services not directly oriented towards collective initiatives or, therefore, towards cooperativism, of which there is also a clear understanding of cooperativism. This means that potential university entrepreneurs are previously unaware of both the cooperative model and cooperative values and principles. In view of this situation, a comprehensive plan is proposed based on the interaction of university entrepreneurship services with the teaching staff and institutions that encourage and promote cooperativism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sanitary COVID 19 pandemic has drastically changed economy, families, people's relationships and society in general. Organizations, including social ones, have had to adapt to new ways of interactions in order to survive, and there are important examples of how these social organizations have faced the current crisis. This article seeks to analyze the strategies implemented by cooperatives to continue with their economic and social activities in the face of the sanitary pandemic. Specifically, five cases in Mexico City were examined, and each of them illustrates how the cooperative implemented new technologies, developed new knowledge, redistributed work, promoted advance purchases and formed alliances with other cooperatives. Some of the findings show the relationship between the strategies implemented and the principles and values of this kind of organizations, such as solidarity, mutual help, responsibility and intercooperation. Specifically, cooperatives that produce and sell healthy and agroecological food are more resilient to the crisis because they are more adaptable than textile, culture, and training organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relevance of Intellectual Property Rights in the scenarios of science, innovation and creative industries has been crucial and is highlighted among the indicators in knowledge economies, creative industries and economy. Technological development is key to the advancement of modern societies, to the extent that it maintains a direct relationship with industry and world trade. Cuba does not escape from this reality and intends the Knowledge Economy as a policy of government management based on innovation. In this context, Intellectual Property and technology transfer as tools for development have an impact at the local level and are articulated for the benefit of the country's economy. The contribution and role of the new agents of the non-state sector of the economy, especially cooperatives, are undeniable. On a global scale, these figures have anchored entrepreneurship in creative economies as a boost to local development. With the aim of providing theoretical guidelines for the improvement of technology transfer mechanisms, the challenges posed by creative economies for local development in Cuba are addressed from a legal perspective. To this end, the importance of an adequate legal framework for technology transfer has been highlighted, as well as the need for a suitable infrastructure for the development of creative economies. Among the challenges evaluated, especially for Cuba, are infrastructure limitations, scarcity of financial resources, regulatory fragmentation and lack of access to last generation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La relevancia de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual en los escenarios de ciencia, innovación e industrias creativas ha sido crucial y se resalta entre los indicadores en las economías del conocimiento, industrias y economía creativas. El desarrollo tecnológico es clave para el avance de las sociedades modernas, en la medida en que mantiene una relación directa con la industria y comercio mundial. Cuba no escapa a esta realidad y pretende la Economía del conocimiento como política de la gestión de gobierno basada en la innovación. En tal contexto, Propiedad Intelectual y transferencia de tecnología como herramientas para el desarrollo impactan a nivel local y se articulan en beneficio de la economía del país. La contribución y rol de los nuevos agentes del sector no estatal de la economía, en especial las cooperativas, son innegables. A escala global, en estas figuras ha anclado el emprendimiento en las economías creativas el impulso al desarrollo local. Con el objetivo de fundamentar pautas teóricas para el perfeccionamiento de mecanismos de transferencia de tecnología, se abordan desafíos que plantean las economías creativas para el desarrollo local en Cuba, desde la perspectiva jurídica. Con ese fin se ha destacado la importancia de un marco jurídico adecuado para la transferencia de tecnología, así como la necesidad de una infraestructura conveniente para el desarrollo de las economías creativas. Entre los retos evaluados, especialmente para Cuba, destacan las limitaciones de infraestructura, escasez de recursos financieros, fragmentación normativa y falta de acceso a tecnologías de última generación.

En esta investigación se realizó, utilizando un Proceso Analítico Jerárquico, una valoración sociocultural de los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que convergen en un sistema lagunar al norte del Caribe mexicano. El objetivo fue evaluar cuál ecosistema tiene más valor para las cooperativas turístico-pesqueras y para un grupo de especialistas. Los resultados obtenidos, en ambos grupos, muestran que el manglar es el ecosistema más valorado y el pasto marino el menos valorado. Las percepciones obtenidas coinciden y evidencian el potencial que tiene la valoración sociocultural en la identificación de elementos clave para trabajar en el manejo sostenible de zonas costeras.

Los negocios inclusivos (NI) son emprendimientos que tienen en la base de la pirámide (BdP) un eslabón que genera valor económico y social para la cadena de suministro. Su desarrollo requiere la identificación de factores institucionales formales para crear y fortalecer la BdP en países con altos niveles de pobreza. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar estos factores a través del estudio de caso de seis cooperativas que producen banano de exportación en Colombia, cuyas BdP son pequeños productores. La metodología combina la recolección y análisis de información cuantitativa que se evalúa a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se verifica con el análisis cualitativo de entrevistas. Entre los resultados, destaca la importancia de factores como las políticas de responsabilidad social de las empresas anclas y el cumplimiento de normas y certificaciones por parte de los pequeños productores agropecuarios. El apoyo a la formación de la BdP también es digno de mención, gracias a la asistencia financiera y no financiera proporcionada por diversos actores de la cadena de valor.

Este artículo analiza los cambios recientes en las políticas sobre la economía social y solidaria (ESS) de ocho países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México y Uruguay. Se describen las reglas institucionales que limitaron o ampliaron la capacidad de los Estados para desarrollar las políticas públicas. Se analizan los avances en legislación y otra normativa, y los cambios en la institucionalidad especializada. La información proviene de una amplia revisión de documentos y bases de datos generados por instituciones públicas, académicas y organizaciones de la economía social y solidaria. Se concluye que este es un concepto polisémico, con especificidades propias de cada país, que se encuentra en construcción y desarrollo permanente. Se recogen las diversas perspectivas de la política para la economía social y solidaria, que se expresan en diversos marcos legales, así como la ausencia o presencia de institucionalidad especializada en los casos estudiados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]