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Traps are one of the most commonly used products for controlling wild pig populations, but every trapping product and process produces different results. Early sexual maturity, extraordinary reproduction rate, and high piglet survivability gives feral pigs the capacity to recover quickly from inferior control efforts which do not target all age classes at the same time. Many trapping efforts fail to accomplish whole-sounder success, creating an industry need to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness. The 2018 Farm Bill provided funding for pilot projects in 10 states to collect feral swine harvest data. Researchers did not collect data points to measure work production or product efficiency and missed an important opportunity to numerically analyze Best Management Practices (BMPs). Our research compared four different trap products using their individual trapping processes to determine which, if any, was more efficient. This project eliminated the total wild pig population from a 20.23 km² (5,000-acre) Flint River property in Reynolds, Georgia. A total of 771 wild pigs were removed by one 57-year-old operator from 70 miles away while working only weekends (two days per week). Four different trapping products were tested and the best capture success rate over 32 months was 97.18% while using a mobile corral trap coupled with an automatic feeder with digital timer set to disburse bait at dusk. This method resulted in an average capture time of 29.65 minutes after sunset by incorporating an innovative conditioning process whereas the population dynamics and education level of each individual sounder dictated the time period between feeder conditioning and trap building. We continually observed several different sounder behaviors change, including predictable dusk feeding times, compared to the remaining three trapping products and methods tested.

Recent progress in physics‐based character control has made it possible to learn policies from unstructured motion data. However, it remains challenging to train a single control policy that works with diverse and unseen motions, and can be deployed to real‐world physical robots. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage technique that enables the control of a character with a full‐body kinematic motion reference, with a focus on imitation accuracy. In a first stage, we extract a latent space encoding by training a variational autoencoder, taking short windows of motion from unstructured data as input. We then use the embedding from the time‐varying latent code to train a conditional policy in a second stage, providing a mapping from kinematic input to dynamics‐aware output. By keeping the two stages separate, we benefit from self‐supervised methods to get better latent codes and explicit imitation rewards to avoid mode collapse. We demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our method in simulation, with unseen user‐specified motions, and on a bipedal robot, where we bring dynamic motions to the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological invasions are partly defined by their ability to spread rapidly within invaded regions, posing threats to biodiversity and local species assemblages. The painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) (Burmeister, 1835), originally described as being from India, is an important pest worldwide, mainly due to the serious economic losses incurred and the large number of zones invaded. Since its initial detection in Chile in 2016, the invasive and destructive paint bug has started its invasion to the east and invaded new areas in South America. Without adequate control methods, the insect may threaten brassica crop production, resulting in yield losses greater than 70% in recently infested areas. The extraordinarily wide range of the B. hilaris invasion has necessitated studies describing its biology and ecology, as well as highlighting the urgent need for effective and long-term management techniques. Hence, thoroughly revising the data on this pest in new areas that have been invaded, as well as in the area of origin, is expected to enable the development of management programs. This review incorporates information on B. hilaris in South America, including the invasion, ecology, and potential management approaches, which may allow for efficient integrated pest management, mainly in Chile. Lastly, researchers are expected to break the bottlenecks of some key issues, offering valuable perspectives for identifying strategies that warrant additional research as potential biological control agents for B. hilaris in South America, utilizing either augmentative or conservation biological control approaches, as well as semiochemicals and cultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the strong nonlinearity and low control accuracy of the hydraulic manipulator with multiple closed-chain structures, the virtual decomposition control (VDC) method was used to eliminate the error introduced by the nonlinearity of the system and improve the control accuracy. Firstly, according to the different driving modes, the whole robotic arm was decomposed into four types of structures, and it was virtually divided into each subsystem for each type of structure, and the rigid body dynamic model and hydraulic actuator fluid dynamic model were established for each subsystem. Then, based on the rigid body dynamics model and the fluid dynamics model, the rigid connecting rod control law and the hydraulic actuator control law were respectively designed, and the feedforward control and error feedback were the basis of high-precision control. Finally, the Simscape module of Simulink was used to establish a multi-physics hybrid model of the robotic arm, and the trajectory tracking effect was verified. In addition, control performance indicators were introduced, which were calculated in the hydraulic actuator space of different robot arms. The research results show that comparing with the proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller, the controller based on the virtual decomposition control theory has a greater improvement in control accuracy, and the average absolute error of a single joint is reduced by 88. 9%, and the control effect is similar to the performance index of other more advanced hydraulic controllers, which proves that virtual decomposition control theory can effectively improve the control precision of hybrid hydraulic manipulator with complex closed chain structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study reviews numerous control approaches utilized to address various issues encountered by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Specifically, focusing on the quadrotor system. Due to its versatility and compact size, quadrotors have gained popularity as UAVs in recent decades. Quadrotors face challenges such as ambient disturbances, impediments, non-parametric and parametric perturbations while performing tasks. Consequently, a robust and efficient control system is essential for such a system to ensure the stability and enhance their performance. It should be noted that, in this review, we have examined and analyzed the most recent highly cited papers selected from esteemed journals and magazines renowned for their exceptional quality and reputation.

One of the significant ways to reduce the destructive impact on the environment from the technological processes of restorative repair of car bodies is the transition to paints diluted with water. However, the direct use of existing paint drying chambers for the application and drying of waterborne paints can negatively affect the performance of the process and the quality of the coating. It has been established that during the drying of coatings from waterborne paints, the formation of stagnant ventilation zones is possible, which can lead to reverse condensation of water, followed by the formation of streaks. The purpose of the study: to increase the efficiency of the process of painting automobile bodies with paints diluted with water, based on the control of the parameters of the air environment of the paint drying chambers. Research methods: analysis of ventilation processes in existing paint-drying chambers and their compliance with the thermophysical and volatile properties of water vapor when painting automotive products. In order to avoid the formation of stagnant zones of high humidity in the ceiling part of the paint and drying chambers, it is proposed to mount a system of guide plates, the purpose of which is to control the directions and speed of air flows in the painting and drying modes. To ensure acceptable technological and economic parameters of the process of painting with waterborne paints, depending on the humidity levels in the environment and in the working chamber of the paint and drying chambers, it is proposed to change the logic of the recirculation flap control. Dependencies linking the parameters of the movement of the executive bodies with the indicators of humidity, mode and direction of the flow of ventilated air are proposed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the methodology for controlling the humidity level, direction and mode of air flows in the working chamber of the paint and drying chambers, which eliminates the appearance of stagnant zones when painting car bodies with waterborne paints. The direction of further research is to substantiate the optimal level of air humidity in the working chamber, depending on the state of the ambient air and the productivity of the painting process.

Fermented foods are rich in protein and free amino acids, which are decarboxylated by microbial amino acid decarboxylase to produce biogenic amines. Excessive ingestion of biogenic amines poses a threat to human health. Tyramine, a biogenic amine having high toxicity, is present in fermented foods in large quantities, so developing safe and effective methods to control tyramine is of practical significance for improving the safety of fermented foods. In this article, the physiological functions, harms and limit standard of tyramine in fermented foods are described with an emphasis on the formation mechanism and control methods of tyramine, so as to provide theoretical references for further improving the safety of fermented foods.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research presents a comprehensive review of Salmonella presence in retail fresh fruits and vegetables from 2010 to 2023, utilizing data from recognized sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The study incorporates a meta‐analysis of prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, it scrutinizes the heterogeneous sources across various food categories and geographical regions The findings show a pooled prevalence of 2.90% (95% CI: 0.0180−0.0430), with an increase from 4.63% in 2010 to 5.32% in 2022. Dominant serovars include S. Typhimurium (29.14%, 95% CI: 0.0202−0.6571) and S. Enteritidis (21.06%, 95% CI: 0.0181−0.4872). High resistance rates were noted for antimicrobials like erythromycin (60.70%, 95% CI: 0.0000−1.0000) and amoxicillin (39.92%, 95% CI: 0.0589−0.8020). The most prevalent ARGs were blaTEM (80.23%, 95% CI: 0.5736−0.9692) and parC mutation (66.67%, 95% CI: 0.3213−0.9429). Factors such as pH, water activity, and nutrient content, along with external factors like the quality of irrigation water and prevailing climatic conditions, have significant implications on Salmonella contamination. Nonthermal sterilization technologies, encompassing chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet light, are emphasized as efficacious measures to control Salmonella. This review stresses the imperative need to bolster prevention strategies and control measures against Salmonella in retail fresh fruits and vegetables to alleviate related food safety risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam pumping units play a key role in oil extraction. There is an increasing demand for optimal oil-extracting performance as operational environments are becoming more challenging and complex. Therefore, it is vital to create an acceptable mathematical model and develop robust control mechanisms. In the past decades, researchers have achieved fruitful results regarding modeling and control methods in this field. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research on modeling and control methods for beam pumping units, including mathematical models based on differential equations and boundary conditions, as well as the control strategies designed. Finally, future perspectives and recommendations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different methods of Fuzzy-control and Machine-learning are proposed to control the vehicle's semiactive suspensions. To control performance of semiactive suspensions using machine learning (SS-ML) and semiactive suspensions using fuzzy control (SS-FC), a half-vehicle model has been established to calculate and simulate vibration equations under random road surfaces from ISO A-class to F-class. Via map of control rule data in SS-FC established at roads ISO A-class, B-class, ..., and F-class, SS-ML's Neuro-Adaptive-Learning has been trained for learning these control rules. The results obtained indicate that under the same road surface excitation of ISO C-class, the control performance of SS-FC and SS-ML is equivalent., and the vehicle's comfort level using both SS-FC and SS-ML is very well improved in comparison with passive suspensions without control (PS-WC) of the vehicle. Under a mixed road surface from ISO A-class to F-class and a change range of the vehicle's moving velocity from 2.5 m s−1 to 35m s−1 used for simulation, the vehicle's comfort level using SS-ML is better than vehicle's comfort level using SS-FC. Especially, the root mean square values of displacements and accelerations in vertical and pitch directions of the vehicle body with SS-ML are smaller than that of SS-FC by 13.4%, 23.2%, 20.7%, and 14.3%, respectively. Therefore, the control performance of SS-ML is better than SS-FC, and it should be used to control the vehicle's semiactive suspensions for enhancing the comfort level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological sites and structures suffer from several factors of deterioration. The present survey focuses on the biodeterioration by plants, which is not less important than the rest of the deterioration factors; moreover, in many cases, it leads to their occurrence. Despite the importance of plants in our lives and their aesthetic appearance around stone monuments, they pose a threat to their survival. Therefore, it is necessary to have such a review to detail this topic and understand its severity by identifying the most common and harmful plant species, the co-factors for their existence, and the mechanism of damage. Physical damage through causing cracks, detachment, and loss of structural integrity and chemical damage from root secretions-biological damage by encouraging microorganisms and insects supported by examples of sites that have been damaged by plants. The results will help to apply appropriate methods of prevention and control by mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of each method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With their unique point‐contact ability with the ground and exceptional adaptability to complex terrains, quadruped robots have become a focal point in the fields of automation and robotic engineering. Significant research progress has been made in aspects such as structural design, motion planning, and balance control of these robots. However, a primary challenge in current research lies in further enhancing the dynamic performance, environmental adaptability, and payload capacity. In this article, research achievements in key technical areas of quadruped robots, encompassing structural design, gait planning, traditional control strategies, intelligent control strategies, and autonomous movement, are comprehensively discussed. The focus of the article is on analyzing trends in intelligence and technological innovation within the aforementioned areas, aiming to provide robust theoretical support and forward‐looking technical guidance for quadruped robots research. Additionally, it offers valuable references for scholars engaged in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of significant floor heave deformation in gob-side entry retaining has long been a challenging problem in the context of longwall mining. This paper studies the floor heave failure mechanism and control method for gob-side entry retaining with concrete blocks in Guizhou Faer Coal Mine in China. Based on Rankine’s earth pressure theory, the effective shear stress equation for the plastic slip of roadway floor is established. The deformation mechanism of floor heave in a retaining roadway with a block wall is revealed in this study. The new comprehensive control method is proposed, encompassing roof pre-splitting blasting for pressure relief, reinforcing cables for roof control, double directions control bolts for concrete block, and pliability cushion yielding pressure. FLAC3D numerical calculation model is established, which shows that the new method can effectively reduce the average vertical stress peak value of the entity coal floor by 34.6% and significantly reduce the pressure source causing the roadway floor heave. Besides, a multi-parameter real-time online monitoring system for mine pressure was designed, and field tests were carried out. The results show that the maximum value of roadway floor heave under the new method is 163 mm, reduced by 66.9%, and the roadway floor heave is effectively controlled. These research findings offer a fresh perspective and new ideas for controlling floor heave in mining operations.

A bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum) severely damages potato crops. The pathogen infects several crops in various agroclimatic areas, and it has a broad pathogenic diversity. Six phylotypes, twenty-three sequevars, five races, and six biovars have been identified to indicate the pathogenic diversity of the pathogen. Twenty-eight isolates of Phylotype II were separated into seven classes and identified 97.06% diversity. It survives in the soil for a long time. Temperature and soil moisture, affected the infection, growth, and epidemics of the pathogen. In the last three decades, scholars have reported Mondial, CIP385312-2, Cruza 148, and CIP388285-14 resistant clones and cultivars. Five quantitative trait loci responsible for resistance were identified on different potato chromosomes. LYZ‐C resistance gene and the receptor kinase gene CLAVATA 1 were used to develop potato resistance. For potato resistance, a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat has been used since bacteria do not have Ribonucleic acid interference. Biochar, compost, and bio-organic fertilizer cultural practices are important to control the disease. It has been stated that bacteria exceed fungus as a biological control. Moreover, new or unusual biological controls such as Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Paenibacillus sp have been suggested. Several studies showed the effects of cultural and physical practices on other soil-borne diseases, however not on the potato bacterial wilt disease. Resistant potato clones against bacterial wilt disease are not available in developing countries. Then, the current review was proposed to assess various findings available on potato bacterial wilt pathogenic variability and management practices.

Listeria monocytogenes biofilms formed on food-contact surfaces within foodprocessing facilities pose a significant challenge, serving as persistent sources of cross-contamination. In this review, we examined documented cases of foodborne outbreaks and recalls linked to L. monocytogenes contamination on equipment surfaces and in the food production environment, provided an overview of the prevalence and persistence of L. monocytogenes in different foodprocessing facilities, and discussed environmental factors influencing its biofilm formation. We further delved into antimicrobial interventions, such as chemical sanitizers, thermal treatments, biological control, physical treatment, and other approaches for controlling L. monocytogenes biofilms on food-contact surfaces. This review provides valuable insights into the persistent challenge of L. monocytogenes biofilms in food processing, offering a foundation for future research and practical strategies to enhance food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstacle detection system is a system that reacts to the object in the path and perform action such as stopping robot movement and collision prevention according to the design of algorithm which enhance the safety level of robot. This paper examines the overview of sensor technology that associates with obstacle detection system and car-like robot. This review summarizes the effectiveness and weakness of common type of sensors such as lidar, radar, ultrasonic sensor, infrared sensor, computer vision, sensor fusion and sensor array. This paper will also discuss on control methods for car-like robot that includes hand gestures, voice control, infrared remote control, Android based Bluetooth mobile control, and Wi-Fi based mobile control, outlining the effectiveness and limitation of each control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to its excellent filling capacity, good forming accuracy, and low die manufacturing costs, the sheet/tube flexible-die forming process has become an important supplement to traditional rigid die forming processes, widely used in the multi-variety, small and medium-sized batch manufacturing of complex thin-walled components in high-end manufacturing fields, such as aviation, aerospace, and automobiles. To match the deformation characteristics of different types of sheet/tube components, flexible mediums with different physical and mechanical properties were used as pressure-carrying dies and exhibited their respective advantages. Among them, what is remarkable is that magnetorheological materials, a type of intelligent material, have been introduced into flexible-die forming and develop into sheet/tube magnetorheological controllable flexible-die forming process. Real-time control of magnetorheological flexible-die performance can be achieved through an external adjustable magnetic field, improving the process control flexibility of the forming process and enhancing the forming performance and quality of parts. This article reviews the latest research progress in the sheet/tube magnetorheological controllable flexible-die forming process in recent years, and elaborates on the forming principles, control patterns, forming methods, and forming mechanisms. Finally, the future development direction of the magnetorheological controllable flexible-die pressure forming process for sheet/tube materials is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With their unique point‐contact ability with the ground and exceptional adaptability to complex terrains, quadruped robots have become a focal point in the fields of automation and robotic engineering. Significant research progress has been made in aspects such as structural design, motion planning, and balance control of these robots. However, a primary challenge in current research lies in further enhancing the dynamic performance, environmental adaptability, and payload capacity. In this article, research achievements in key technical areas of quadruped robots, encompassing structural design, gait planning, traditional control strategies, intelligent control strategies, and autonomous movement, are comprehensively discussed. The focus of the article is on analyzing trends in intelligence and technological innovation within the aforementioned areas, aiming to provide robust theoretical support and forward‐looking technical guidance for quadruped robots research. Additionally, it offers valuable references for scholars engaged in this field.

The invasive species Spartina alterniflora has significantly disrupted the ecological stability of coastal wetland ecosystems. Consequently, its control has become an important aspect of coastal wetland conservation. When controlling S. alterniflora, it is imperative to assess the ecological impacts of control methods. In this study, the effects of different control methods, i.e. “mowing + flooding” (MF) and “mowing + plowing” (MP), on the soil carbon and nitrogen contents in coastal wetlands were investigated in the Yellow River Delta, China. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and total nitrogen in the MF area within 2 years after treatment were 2.03–3.93 g/kg, 13.74–16.06 g/kg, and 0.24–0.47 g/kg, respectively, which were 36.33 %–-199 %, 2.91 %–36.71 % and 115.42 %–212.09 % higher than that those in the CK area, respectively. The C/N ratio in the MF treatment was 6.98–8.54, which was 5.42 %–40.30 % lower than that in the CK treatment. The contents of soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and total nitrogen in the MP area were 1.52–2.3 g/kg, 13.07–14.94 g/kg, and 0.2–0.32 g/kg, respectively, which were 15.91 %–54.18 %, 0.97 %–15.56 % and 35.19 %–182.26 % higher than those in the CK area. The C/N ratio in the MP area was 14.72 %–46.79 % lower than that in the CK area. Correlation analysis revealed that the soil carbon and nitrogen contents in the MF area were significantly positively correlated with the soil water content and electrical conductivity, and the C/N ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the soil sand content. In the MP area, the soil carbon and nitrogen contents were affected by the soil water content and electrical conductivity. The soil organic carbon content was also significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and significantly positively correlated with soil clay content. The C/N ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the total nitrogen content. Overall, the effects of MF on the soil carbon and nitrogen content in coastal wetlands were greater than those of MP. Future studies need to pay attention to the changes in tidal hydrological processes to more accurately assess the impacts of the control of S. alterniflora on the overall carbon sink capacity of the intertidal zone.

The paper highlights that research in the field of agricultural physics in this country began in the 1930s and is closely linked to the renowned physicist Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. Under his leadership, the world’s first Agrophysical Research Institute was established in 1932. A.F. Ioffe directed this institute from 1932 to 1942 and from 1954 to 1959. These periods are particularly noteworthy in terms of the scientist’s contributions to formulating and executing the institute’s objectives. (Research purpose) The paper aims to examine A.F. Ioffe’s role in the development of agrophysical science during his tenure as the director of the Agrophysical Institute from 1954 to 1959. (Materials and methods) The research is grounded in the analysis of archival materials, reports detailing research activities of the Agrophysical Research Institute, publications, and A.F. Ioffe’s engagements from 1932 to 1959. The study explores the role of physics in shaping and refining methods within domestic agricultural production. The paper presents the outcomes of theoretical and applied research conducted under the guidance of A.F. Ioffe, particularly focusing on the development of measuring instruments for integration into control systems within industrial agricultural production. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that during A.F. Ioffe’s leadership periods, the methodology of an «electronic agronomist» was developed, marking a global pioneering achievement. The paper shows the integration of advanced physics achievements into agriculture, and highlights the use of semiconductor devices to monitor the physical and chemical parameters of the soil, as well as external factors affecting crop life. (Conclusions) The paper underscores the pivotal role played by the scientist and organizer A.F. Ioffe during the emergence and development of domestic agronomic physics. It points out the primary directions of agrophysical work and the results achieved directly under the leadership of A.F. Ioffe. The paper also sheds light on their contribution to developing the main research directions in the field of agronomic physics, which continue to be pertinent in modern conditions.

Biological invasions are partly defined by their ability to spread rapidly within invaded regions, posing threats to biodiversity and local species assemblages. The painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) (Burmeister, 1835), originally described as being from India, is an important pest worldwide, mainly due to the serious economic losses incurred and the large number of zones invaded. Since its initial detection in Chile in 2016, the invasive and destructive paint bug has started its invasion to the east and invaded new areas in South America. Without adequate control methods, the insect may threaten brassica crop production, resulting in yield losses greater than 70% in recently infested areas. The extraordinarily wide range of the B. hilaris invasion has necessitated studies describing its biology and ecology, as well as highlighting the urgent need for effective and long-term management techniques. Hence, thoroughly revising the data on this pest in new areas that have been invaded, as well as in the area of origin, is expected to enable the development of management programs. This review incorporates information on B. hilaris in South America, including the invasion, ecology, and potential management approaches, which may allow for efficient integrated pest management, mainly in Chile. Lastly, researchers are expected to break the bottlenecks of some key issues, offering valuable perspectives for identifying strategies that warrant additional research as potential biological control agents for B. hilaris in South America, utilizing either augmentative or conservation biological control approaches, as well as semiochemicals and cultural practices.

The thermal environment is crucial for livestock production. Accurately detecting thermal environmental conditions enables the implementation of appropriate methods to control the thermal environment in livestock buildings. This study reviewed a comprehensive survey of detection and control methods for thermal environments in livestock buildings. The results demonstrated that temperature, humidity, velocity, and radiation are major elements affecting the thermal comfort of animals. For single thermal environmental parameters, the commonly employed detection methods include field experiments, scale models in wind tunnels, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and machine learning. Given that thermal comfort for livestock is influenced by multiple environmental parameters, the Effective Temperature (ET) index, which considers varying proportions of different environmental parameters on the thermal comfort of livestock, is a feasible detection method. Environmental control methods include inlet and outlet configuration, water-cooled floors, installation of a deflector and perforated air ducting (PAD) system, sprinkling, etc. Reasonable inlet configuration increased airflow uniformity by more than 10% and decreased ET by more than 9 °C. Proper outlet configuration improved airflow uniformity by 25%. Sprinkling decreased the temperature by 1.1 °C. This study aims to build a comprehensive dataset for the identification of detection and control methods in research of the thermal environment of livestock buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to decades of unremitting efforts, China's aviation and space technology has gradually become advanced in the world. However, the complex and changeable space environment and the inherent physical properties of the flexible arm itself often cause a series of problems to the end-effector, like vibrating or failing to follow the prescribed path. Based on a brief description of the development status quo of space flexible robotic arm technology at home and abroad, the research status of space flexible robotic arm were analyzed in three aspects: modeling, control methods and trajectory planning, and the design methods applicable to relevant contents under different working conditions, their advantages and disadvantages were investigated in detail, as well as the specific application of this method by some experts and scholars. Finally, according the above analysis, the development trend and prospect of flexible space manipulator were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed management systems have been of great importance for agriculture. These can be carried out in various ways, the important thing is to obtain a good control with those measures that are most economical and at the same time practicable. A study was carried out to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of two weed control methods. It was conducted in commercial production areas of the sugar cane farm "Vitalio Acuña" belonging to the sugar mill Dos Ríos, of the Santiago de Cuba province. The total application of preemergent herbicide and mulching with sugarcane trash were studied in a split-plot design with three replications. Weed coverage was determined 30, 60 and 90 days after the treatments were carried out, in addition, the economic expenses incurred were calculated and the pollutant load into the atmosphere was determined. At 90 days, the lowest percentage of weed coverage was obtained in the area of mulching with sugarcane trash with significant differences. The weed control method that had the best performance from the control, environmental and economic point of view was the mulching with sugarcane trash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Septoria tritici blotch or Septoria leaf blotch has been used for long time, but leaf blotch is a correct disease name. Moreover, Lb resistant gene is the correct name, but, not Stb gene. It has sexual and asexual parts on the mycelia, known as heterothallic fungi. Its pathogenic diversity ranged from 40% to 93% and has produced a wide variety of AvrLb6 haplotypes. M. graminicola has a plasmogamy and karyogamy sexual process. The pathogen can use macropycnidiospores, micropycnidiospores, and pycnidia vegetative growths for infection and overwintering. Synthetic M3, Kavkaz-K4500, Synthetic 6×, and TE9111 wheat genotypes have horizontal resistance. Avirulence (Avr) genes in Z. tritici and their matching wheat (R) genes indicate gene for gene mechanisms of resistance. Twenty-two R genes (vertical resistance) have been identified. In both horizontal and vertical resistance, different Lb genes have been broken down due to new Z.tritici virulent gene and currently Lb19 resistant gene is being recommended. Mixing of resistant and susceptible cultivars is also the most effective management strategy. Moreover, different cultural practices and biological control have been proposed. Lastly, different fungicides are also available. However, in developing countries cultivar mixture, isolates diversity, biological control, and epidemic studies have been greatly missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sparse atmosphere on the surface of Mars provides the necessary flight conditions for Mars unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to perform low-altitude flights. This work presents a comprehensive overview of key technologies in the development of Mars UAVs, with a specific focus on rotary-wing Mars UAVs. It summarizes prototypes of rotary-wing Mars UAVs developed by various global research institutions. It reviews essential technologies in rotary-wing Mars UAV research, including the Mars near-surface atmospheric environment, aerodynamic characteristics, and principles of low-pressure flight control. This work also summarizes various experimental setups and ground test results for rotary-wing Mars UAVs. Furthermore, it discusses the future development trends of rotary-wing Mars UAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments to study the parameters of the gas environment during the combustion of wood, rubber and plastic under conditions that exclude oxygen access to the reaction area. A laboratory bench has been developed to create the conditions. Graphs of temperature changes and reduction of light transmission of combustion products accumulated in the upper part of the combustion chamber layer have been obtained. Changes of the controlled parameters are analysed and correlation dependences between them are obtained. The results obtained can be used as estimates for building prediction models of fire development in enclosed storage rooms, as well as for assessing the fire hazard of substances when burning in an enclosed volume.

ABSTRACTSeptoria tritici blotch or Septoria leaf blotch has been used for long time, but leaf blotch is a correct disease name. Moreover, Lb resistant gene is the correct name, but, not Stb gene. It has sexual and asexual parts on the mycelia, known as heterothallic fungi. Its pathogenic diversity ranged from 40% to 93% and has produced a wide variety of AvrLb6 haplotypes. M. graminicola has a plasmogamy and karyogamy sexual process. The pathogen can use macropycnidiospores, micropycnidiospores, and pycnidia vegetative growths for infection and overwintering. Synthetic M3, Kavkaz-K4500, Synthetic 6×, and TE9111 wheat genotypes have horizontal resistance. Avirulence (Avr) genes in Z. tritici and their matching wheat (R) genes indicate gene for gene mechanisms of resistance. Twenty-two R genes (vertical resistance) have been identified. In both horizontal and vertical resistance, different Lb genes have been broken down due to new Z.tritici virulent gene and currently Lb19 resistant gene is being recommended. Mixing of resistant and susceptible cultivars is also the most effective management strategy. Moreover, different cultural practices and biological control have been proposed. Lastly, different fungicides are also available. However, in developing countries cultivar mixture, isolates diversity, biological control, and epidemic studies have been greatly missed.

Many industrial rotating machines driven by asynchronous motors are often affected by detrimental torsional vibrations. In this paper, a method of attenuation of torsional vibrations in such objects is proposed. Here, an asynchronous motor under proper control can simultaneously operate as a source of drive and actuator. Namely, by means of the proper control of motor operation, it is possible to suppress torsional vibrations in the object under study. Using this approach, both transient and steady-state torsional vibrations of the rotating machine drive system can be effectively attenuated, and its precise operational motions can be assured. The theoretical investigations are conducted by means of a structural mechanical model of the drive system and an advanced circuit model of the asynchronous motor controlled using two methods: the direct torque control - space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) and the rotational velocity-controlled torque (RVCT) based on the momentary rotational velocity of the driven machine working tool. From the obtained results it follows that by means of the RVCT technique steady-state torsional vibrations induced harmonically and transient torsional vibrations excited by switching various types of control on and off can be suppressed as effectively as using the advanced vector method DTC-SVM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-pipe robots have become popular, allowing for non-destructive testing, visual inspection, and cleaning. In-pipe inspection is crucial for maintaining pipeline integrity, but it is difficult for humans to access pipelines and perform checks. This article focuses on an in-pipe robot navigating various pipeline structures and diameters. It consists of a center module, a tracking module, and an active pantograph mechanism. The hardware components, such as the motorized gear train, screw, pantograph mechanism, springs, track module, and angular sensors, are discussed. Additionally, the control methods employed by the robot, including normal force control and posture control, are explained. Finally, the tracking algorithms used to estimate the robot's position and direction within the pipeline are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of the blade profile for gas-turbine engines is considered in the case of belt grinding. Control is based on adaptation to the changing margin by regulation of the tool–workpiece contact interaction. The goal is to eliminate errors accumulated in the preceding operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methods of rope control during the operation of lifting structures, elevators, freight and passenger cable cars, funiculars and other machines with cable traction are considered. It is indicated that the main indicator of the technical condition of ropes is the appearance, development and interaction of defects that reduce the strength of ropes, contribute to their destruction and, accordingly, an emergency situation. The analysis of existing methods of rope control is carried out, the designs of flaw detectors are described, with the help of which the technical condition of ropes can be assessed during operation. It is established that one of the promising methods of control of steel ropes is optical based on machine vision and artificial intelligence technologies.