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La fianza es una figura jurídica que permite mayor seguridad en las transacciones y reduce los riesgos asociados a las inversiones y contrataciones. Con frecuencia, la imagen de la fianza como contrato y como carta converge; sin embargo, el autor muestra que ambas figuras poseen importantes matices y rasgos diferenciados. En esta línea, el presente trabajo aborda esta institución con un enfoque comparativo entre lo regulado por el Código Civil de 1936 y nuestro Código Civil vigente, mostrando las continuidades y modificaciones que ha sufrido la misma. Así, el autor establece que la regulación actual ofrece una mayor precisión conceptual y formalidad en la figura, haciendo más segura su aplicación. El autor también realiza un importante repaso de la aplicación de los términos de la fianza a través de un análisis de la reciente jurisprudencia. Este paso conlleva describir y analizar cuáles son los requisitos para participar/constituir una operación de este carácter.

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O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o contrato a partir da releitura decorrente do fenômeno da Constitucionalização do Direito Civil e como essa nova perspectiva reflete nos contratos administrativos sob o viés da intersecção do público e privado. A análise se pauta sobre o princípio da função social previsto no artigo 421 do Código Civil e como esse princípio produz efeitos no contrato administrativo de forma a concebê-lo como vetor de realização e concretização da sustentabilidade, esta que foi elevada à envergadura de princípio constitucional. Assim, a par da concepção de que a função social do contrato ultrapassa a relação dos envolvidos diretamente no enlace obrigacional, inclusive, na esfera administrativa, refletir-se-á o contrato a partir de sua contribuição para o bem social e para a vida em sociedade como finalidade da atuação estatal. Para tal proposição, foi adotado o método dedutivo, na vertente jurídico sociológica, sendo a pesquisa enquadrada no tipo descritiva e propositiva.

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Copyright of REICE. Ibero-American Journal on Quality, Effectiveness & Change in Education / REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación is the property of Red Iberoamericana de Investigacion sobre Cambio y Eficacia en Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The goal of this article is to characterize the narratives of the Tapir Project (Proyecto Tapir) in relation to the contract annulment between the Ministry of Environment and Energy (Minae) and the Prozoos Organization (FundaZoo) in Costa Rica. The methodological approach is qualitative and with analytical methods by means of semi-structural interviews and the content analysis of one of the social networks and webpage of PT. One of the main findings is the linear narrative of complaints that PT makes in reference to the irregularities in the contract compliance and the deficient operation of the zoos under FundaZoo. In a general conclusion, the narratives of PT are characterized by being easy for all of the public to comprehend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente texto se analiza cómo las reglas del contrato se han expandido en el régimen del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, abarcando otras regulaciones que exceden a las relaciones exclusivamente patrimoniales o creditorias que se contemplaban en la normativa derogada antes de la unificación de las materias civil y comercial.

El objetivo del artículo es argumentar la importancia de una gestión pública estratégica de la actividad de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en los proyectos de modalidad híbrida para el desarrollo local y su salida por medio de relaciones jurídicas contractuales. La metodología empleada integra el método hermenéutico jurídico a procesos lógicos de análisis-síntesis, cuyo resultado revela un corpus teórico constituido tanto por contenidos de los estudios en ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, como de prospectiva, que son propios del marco regulatorio del Sistema de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, los cuales posibilitaron el reconocimiento de pasos operativos acerca del qué gestionar y el cómo gestionar, precisamente, afines a la comprensión de los rasgos básicos de la contratación de información especializada y su combinación con los relativos a las disposiciones contractuales de propiedad industrial que podrían ejecutar dichos proyectos.

El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar las narrativas del Proyecto Tapir (PT) en relación con la anulación del contrato entre el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (Minae) y la Fundación Prozoológicos (FundaZoo) en Costa Rica. El abordaje metodológico es cualitativo y de método analítico mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, así como el análisis de contenido de su red social Facebook y de su página web. Uno de los hallazgos principales es la línea narrativa de denuncia que hace el PT en relación con las irregularidades en el cumplimiento del contrato y en la operación deficiente de los zoológicos por parte de FundaZoo. A manera de conclusión general, las narrativas del PT se caracterizan por ser de fácil comprensión para todo público.

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Este artículo propone una mirada comparativa e interdisciplinaria, mediante herramientas históricas, en particular el modelo de historia social, a algunos conceptos jurídicos, como el Derecho Civil, la obligación y el contrato. El derecho de un país nunca ha existido independientemente, forma parte de su cultura y está influido profundamente por su historia y el modo de pensar particular. Tomamos estos conceptos básicos del derecho de contratos como ejemplo y muestra. Los conceptos más importantes con los que vamos a trabajar son los siguientes: ¿Qué se entiende por Civil Law? Y, en particular, ¿qué se entiende por obligación y contrato en los sistemas chino y latinoamericano? ¿La tradición jurídica china es igual que la de Europa y de América Latina? Para el Derecho chino, la evolución histórica de los conceptos del Derecho civil, la obligación y el contrato fue un proceso de recepción del Derecho extranjero, lo cual fue en todo caso complicado, pues siempre existían conflictos y debates sobre ello, por lo tanto, estos conceptos del derecho chino, comparados con los del derecho extranjero, muestran características particulares.

La rescisión unilateral del contrato de agencia es de ningún valor en el concurso preventivo si se funda en cláusulas de extinción contractual como consecuencia del concurso preventivo de una de las partes .El agente para conceder quitas o espera o consentir acuerdos desistimientos o avenimientos concursales, debe tener facultades expresas de carácter especial, en las que conste en forma específica el monto de la quita o el plazo de espera.

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Con los constantes avances en tecnología se ha reinventado la forma como se concebía el derecho, ahora, hablamos de audiencias virtuales, inclusive audiencias en el metaverso, mensajes de datos con información jurídicamente válida o con fuerza obligatoria, nuevas formas de contratación en lo relacionado con el e-commerce y, en lo que concierne al presente artículo, un nuevo medio de expresión contractual conocido como Smart-Contract que existe dentro del popular mundo tecnológico de la Blockchain. Esta nueva figura ha sido objeto de estudio en varios sectores de la doctrina y en algunos casos se ha discutido sobre su validez jurídica. Diferentes opiniones sobre la existencia y validez jurídica de los contratos finalmente permitieron concluir que, los Smart-Contract, por ser parte de las relaciones que regula el derecho privado, gozan de principios como el de autonomía privada, libertad de formas, autodeterminación, equivalencia de las prestaciones, seguridad, confianza y demás pilares básicos que hacen f lexible las formas en que los particulares pueden obligarse y por tanto, a la luz del Código Civil colombiano, es un contrato que vincula a quienes en él plasman su voluntad y que, además, genera efectos frente a terceros, es decir, existe y tiene validez.

Este trabajo procura responder la pregunta acerca de qué parte del contrato de obra pública debe asumir la mayor onerosidad sobreviniente causada por un hecho fortuito. Para ese efecto es preciso determinar la modalidad específica de restauración del equilibrio perdido por ese evento, lo que obliga a distinguir si la normativa específica o el contrato han regulado un régimen de compensación de tales sobrecostos. En tal caso, como es obvio, deberá estarse a lo suscrito. Sin embargo, ante la omisión normativa o consensual sobre el particular, corresponde analizar la aplicación de la doctrina de la imprevisión. Al respecto, la jurisprudencia administrativa chilena ha rechazado la aplicación de la teoría de la imprevisión por falta de normas legales y reglamentarias que la prevean. Este trabajo es crítico de esa doctrina porque el silencio legal determina la vigencia directa de la norma constitucional sobre igualdad distributiva y, por tanto, del deber social de compensar cualquier desequilibrio económico inimputable al constructor.

The present study examined Brazilian business contracts and the axioms related to their implementation after the entry into force of Law n.º 13.874, of September 20, 2019, the so-called Law of Economic Freedom, also considering the doctrine pertinent to the topic, these being used as a theoretical reference. The general objective was to analyze the aspects of contract formation, with the specific scope of identifying some particularities that impacted the preparation of adjustments between corporate entities. Searching for an adequate answer, the deductive method was used, as it is a logical process that starts from a general premise to reach a specific conclusion. From this perspective, it was identified that the Law of Economic Freedom enabled people and companies to act more freely in the market, boosting economic growth and seeking harmony between those involved. Law n.° 13.874/2019 values private autonomy and seeks to resolve old technical problems existing in the Civil Code, however, it must be highlighted that private autonomy, the mandatory force of the contract and minimum intervention have not become absolute contractual principles, given that there are still indispensable rules, such as the social function of the contract and objective good faith. Thus, it was determined that the Economic Freedom Law seeks to reduce the bureaucracy of agreements, allowing more legal security for business contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents reflections on the implications of the "news platformization" phenomenon in the reconfiguration of communicative contracts between the production and reception instances. To this end, communication studies and sociosemiotics concepts were articulated in a critical-analytical approach, anchored in a literature review. The text is divided into three moments that propose: understanding circulation as an instance of mediation; to point out the repositioning of social actors in journalism in the face of platformization; and, finally, to indicate how contemporary modes of circulation can influence the change in communicative contracts. In this way, the work signals the access revolution as the driving force of changes in contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El propósito de este trabajo es demostrar que, a pesar de que el contrato es una estructura de dominación social, no es el medio adecuado para regular las desigualdades que existen entre los contratistas, razón por la cual se debe aplicar al derecho - como una estructura de dominación a nivel social general - para que el contrato no se erija como un instrumento de opresión de la parte contratante débil.

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A pesquisa bibliográfica dos contratos de afretamento define, explica e exemplifica os tipos de contrato praticados no setor marítimo. Entre eles, destaca-se o contrato de afretamento por tempo como o tipo mais presente no setor offshore devido às suas características. De uma maneira geral, esses contratos possuem texto padrão e algumas cláusulas riders editáveis para adequá-los ao negócio. É possível também gerar apêndices ao contrato padrão evidenciando as particularidades de cada navio. A grande dificuldade em adequar as cláusulas riders e gerar os apêndices deve-se à falta de conhecimento técnico dos responsáveis por redigir, negociar e assinar os contratos das embarcações. A falta de informação adequada durante esse processo inicial pode acarretar situações desconfortáveis a serem vivenciadas pelos comandantes a bordo nas quais não seja possível cumprir com o que estipula o contrato. Sendo assim, uma boa avaliação técnica da embarcação durante o processo de negociação torna-se de grande valia para evitar futuros transtornos perante o cliente e perdas econômicas no decorrer do tempo em que se presta o serviço contratado. O objetivo desse trabalho é apontar a necessidade de uma pessoa com vivência de bordo inserida no departamento comercial das empresas offshore para auxiliar a avaliar e negociar as cláusulas contratuais.

En este artículo se estudia un contrato inédito de Santo Tomé, con vigencia entre 1583 y 1589. Se estudia la figura del contratador y la relación de este contrato con otros de sus negocios en África. El análisis del contrato arroja luz sobre el funcionamiento de la trata de esclavos hacia América desde dicha isla, así como sobre las diferentes mercancías que sustentaban dicho comercio. Las condiciones para el contratador y las obligaciones adquiridas para con la Corona constituyen elementos que permiten conocer mejor el desarrollo de la trata y entender los mecanismos que regulaban su puesta en práctica.

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This paper analyzes the Colombian civil and commercial regulations that enshrine the categories of non-existence and validity of contracts. The differences between private and commercial law will be identified in the face of the phenomenon of non-existence. The shortcomings in the expressions used by the Colombian legislation will be examined. For this purpose, jurisprudence and the most significant doctrine in relation to the legal consequences in the lack of formalities or essential elements of the contracts will be studied. The different hypotheses developed regarding the figure of non-existence and its respective consequences are evaluated through a dogmatic, qualitative, normative and descriptive methodology, with a view to the judicial action in case of controversy. Finally, a legal tool is proposed to go to the jurisdiction without blurring the figure of non-existence both in commercial matters and, specially, in civil matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este trabajo analiza las normas colombianas de carácter civil y comercial que consagran las categorías de inexistencia y validez de los contratos. Se identificarán las diferencias en materia de derecho privado y comercial frente al fenómeno de la inexistencia. Se examinarán las falencias en las expresiones empleadas por la legislación colombiana. Para ello, se estudiará la jurisprudencia y la doctrina más significativa en relación con las consecuencias jurídicas ante la carencia de solemnidades o elementos esenciales del contrato. Mediante una metodología dogmática, cualitativa, normativa y descriptiva se evalúan las diferentes hipótesis desarrolladas frente a la figura de la inexistencia y sus respectivas consecuencias, de cara a la acción jurisdiccional en caso de controversia. Finalmente, se propone una herramienta jurídica para acudir a la jurisdicción sin desdibujar la figura de la inexistencia tanto en materia comercial, como, especialmente, en materia civil.

Este artículo quiere sumarse a la reflexión en nuestros días sobre la denominada «maternidad subrogada», que aquí se conceptualiza más bien como «vientres de alquiler». Para ello, hace una revisión de los principales argumentos en pro y en contra de esta práctica con el fin de situar este debate tan actual. A partir de ahí, este trabajo llega a sus propias conclusiones, que inscribe en la mirada crítico-feminista. Y entiende que esta práctica y la defensa de su regulación constituyen un refuerzo del sistema patriarcal. Un refuerzo que, en conjunción con el orden neoliberal reinante, no contribuye hoy a otra cosa que a ahondar la posición de desigualdad de las mujeres en nuestro mundo.

Dentro de um contexto de desigualdade a experiência corpórea é o debate central da escrita. O agenciamento de certo lugares e de certos corpos em detrimento de outros é o desabafo que aqui se expressa.

The aim of this paper is to explore and to analyze the set of formal elements that makes up the time of Wasabi by Alan Pauls. The topic of debt is here understood as our starting point. There are three debts: one extratextual and two purely economic (contracted within fiction). Our hypothesis is that the three debts, linked together, are not only paid fictionally with the child born at the end of the text (analogy between art and life); nor only with the monstrosity of the cyst (link between body and writing), but with time. Narcolepsies, those chronic sleep disorders are, well looked at, temporary coins through which fiction collects the debt that the writer contracts with it [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En el presente artículo, los autores analizan cómo es que la implementación de un Sistema de Alerta Temprana en los contratos de construcción puede generar los incentivos necesarios para el surgimiento de un cambio de paradigma en el ámbito de la gestión de obras y proyectos: de una gestión confrontacional hacia una gestión colaborativa y eficiente. Bajo tal consigna, los autores analizan cuáles son los elementos, beneficios y condiciones para la implementación de un sistema de Alerta Temprana.