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Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le droit du travail congolais est fait de simples réprimandes en cas de violations des dispositions de son code du travail, qui par ailleurs pour d’autres peuvent créer l’émoi voire l’émotion sans que cela soit suivi d’une sanction qui puisse produire la contrainte. C’est pourquoi le législateur de ce texte a prévu et sanctionné pénalement certains comportements jugés morbides ou décadents, et même ceux qui ne sont pas comme tels considérés d’infractionnels au regard de la loi pénale (le code pénal et ses dispositions complémentaires) en vue de la protection pénale renforcée et imminente de quelles que valeurs mentionnées ci-après.

Cet article considère le crédit-bail comme une forme particulière du crédit, devant au-delà du court terme. Par conséquent, l’étude soutient que la loi n°15/003 du 12 février 2015 relative à l’activité du crédit-bail doit être modifiée et le mot crédit doit être défini comme crédit à long terme pour attirer les investisseurs ou les opérateurs économiques de recourir à ce moyen de financement au cas contraire, ladite loi n’a pas sa raison d’être et ne produira aucun effet dans le monde des affaires ; car les opérateurs sont réticents de conclure de contrat de financement à court terme.

L’article 8 du code civil livre III (décret du 30 juillet 1888) exige quatre conditions cumulatives pour la formation et la validité des contrats, à savoir : le consentement des parties ; leur capacité de contracter, un objet certain qui forme la matière de l'engagement et une cause licite dans l'obligation. La méconnaissance de ces conditions entraine la nullité du contrat. Cette nullité est toujours judiciaire selon la théorie générale des obligations en droit congolais. Cependant, la nullité judiciaire entraine certains inconvénients. C’est pourquoi il faudra, dans une réforme du code civil livre III, envisager dans certaines hypothèses, la nullité conventionnelle à côté de la nullité judiciaire.

La libéralisation du secteur des assurances, thème au centre de cette réflexion, nous pousse à affirmer que laisser libre cours à l’initiative privée dans tous les domaines économiques de la vie d’une nation, a toujours été l’une des voies-clé de l’épanouissement de celle-ci. Une garantie de la sécurité pour l’assuré, de l’épargne. L’accroissement de l’esprit de solidarité sous un aspect moderne et le sens de responsabilité, car il n’y a plus de prétexte relatif au manque de confiance grâce à la présence de plusieurs sociétés d’assurances au pays, un facteur de développement économique.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’action médicale est complexe et comporte des risques, le médecin peut aussi voir sa responsabilité médicale engagée en raison de dommages causés par ses actes. Faute d’un régime spécial en RDC, ce sont les règles du code des obligations et des contrats et le code pénal qui sont applicables. En droit, le terme responsabilité concerne deux fonctions : La réparation du dommage et la sanction du coupable. Elle peut aussi revêtir quatre formes : civile, administrative, pénale ou disciplinaire. La relation médecin-malade étant un véritable contrat, il en découle des obligations de moyens et non de résultats. Ces obligations qui définissent la faute médicale comme étant « la défaillance que n’aurait pas commis un médecin normalement compétent et diligent, agissant dans les mêmes conditions ». Afin que la responsabilité du médecin soit engagée, et le patient indemnisé, il faut qu’il y ait un fait dommageable, un préjudice subi par la victime et un lien de causalité entre les deux.

De toute évidence, la lutte contre le secteur informel en RDC constitue l'un des facteurs de la dynamisation de l'économie nationale. Cette lutte nécessite que les mesures idoines soient prises, entre autres l'engorgement de tous les canaux de facilitation des activités économiques informelles, à travers les règles claires dont la violence est sévèrement sanctionnée de manière à dissuader tous les récalcitrants. En effet, parmi les mesures juridiques prises par le législateur de l’OHADA figure la consécration des sociétés commerciales pouvant fonctionner sans personnalité juridique, c'est-à-dire de façon informelle, dont la société en participation. Et plusieurs se cachent derrière ces formes de sociétés pour légitimer leurs activités informelles, tout en se soustrayant du contrôle étatique. Cette étude vient apporter la lumière quant à ce. Elle précise que la consécration de la société en participation, comme pour les autres sociétés sans personnalité juridique, n'est pas à concevoir comme un moyen d'encourager les opérateurs économiques à y recourir, mais une sanction à l'encontre de ceux qui auraient donné l'impression d'avoir constitué une société commerciale et voudraient se soustraire des obligations qui en découlent, en évoquant l'absence de la personnalité juridique. Ainsi, il est important que le législateur renforce les sanctions contre tous ceux qui s'y livrent de manière à ne pas permettre la dénaturation de sa réforme.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper asks: how does smart-contracting think through the knotted relation between freedom and captivity expressed in contract? Contrary to the transcendental register of universalist humanity and right contemporary imaginations of justice deliriously describe, this paper triangulates between contract, free will, and the slave to consider how the time of slavery persists in and as the exchange protocols encoded on blockchain platforms. The stakes here concern a need to track the deep continuity of anti-Blackness, white supremacy and their associated legal constructs as they replicate within the "extra-legal" field of digital exchange protocols, before ending with a challenge to the grammar of credit, labor and right the slave's emancipation is always forced to rhetorically work through. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Our contribution concerns the analysis of personal deictics asindicators of the construction of the contractual stake that should govern theinaugural speech, a psycho-social discourse rather than political advertising.Thus, between "I / You", this work resizes the enunciative system of the oath, thePresident of the Republic, acting subject. While taking inspiration from thework of E. Goffman 1987, L. Mondada 2002, P. Charaudeau 2006, C. Lokonon2016 and M. Angenot 2017, this descriptive and textometric study describes therealization of the locutionary space of Patrice Talon. RÉSUMÉ : Notre étude porte sur l’analyse des déictiques personnels comme indicateurs de la construction de l’enjeu contractuel devant régir le discours d’investiture en tant que discours publicitaire politique. Ce travail décrit le système énonciatif mis en oeuvre par le préposé au serment, le Président de la République, sujet parlant. Tout en nous inspirant des travaux d’E. Goffman 1987, L. Mondada 2002, P. Charaudeau 2006, C. Lokonon 2016 et M. Angenot 2017, cette étude descriptive et textométrique dit la réalisation de l’espace locutionnaire de Patrice Talon.

Copyright of Assurances et Gestion des Risques is the property of Universite Laval, Faculty of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les lois portugaise et marocaine consacrent la copaternité des oeuvres audiovisuelles : celle des auteurs des contributions artistiques et littéraires. Vraiment, les films sont des oeuvres de création de peu de personnes : seules le réalisateur et l’auteur du scénario et, en occasions, le créateur des logiciels utilisés peuvent réclamer une copaternité non fictive des ces oeuvres. On ne peut pas oublier aussi le producteur du film. En droit anglais, le producteur est considéré un co-titulaire (un vrai co-auteur?) de l’oeuvre audiovisuelle. Le producteur est, en effet, quelqu'un indispensable à l’existence, elle-même, du film, considérant qu’il rassemble et fournit touts les apports indispensables à que l’oeuvre audiovisuelle vienne à l’existence.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivio Giuridico is the property of Mucchi Editore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contemporary liberal governance requires constant access to a historical "reset" button, a simultaneous acknowledgement and disavowal of history. This is especially so in times of emergency or crisis; we are, supposedly, "all in this together." The political economic institutions that facilitate this false solidarity—the anti‐social contract—range from the mundane to emergency measures, but they share an origin in, and gain their legitimacy from, a key mechanism of liberal social life: contract. If contracts "settle" the past, what can build solidarity in the shadow of a past that cannot be settled? Key Messages: Liberalism posits social relations as a collection of mutually‐agreed contracts that distribute responsibility for bearing the burdens of a relationship.Contract restarts time on its terms, and the distribution of responsibilities it represents is always a closure of past arrangements, marking the end of the past and the beginning of the present.Contract—especially in the form of constitutionalism and treaties, and now reconciliation—is an important way settler‐colonial societies manage the past, thus asserting closure. This leaves both the biopolitical and geopolitical (land return) questions unanswered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé L’article vise à souligner la signification politique de l’avènement de la Critique kantienne. Pour ce faire, une double thèse est défendue : (I) il y a une matrice juridique sous-jacente au mouvement conceptuel de la philosophie critique, dont (II) la puissance émancipatrice et révolutionnaire se manifeste à la lumière du contexte historique de sa formulation. L’argument se déploie de la façon suivante : (i) une exploration des rapports entre la formule « révolution de la pensée » que l’on trouve dans la Critique de la raison pure et le contexte historique de la publication l’œuvre ; ensuite (ii) un examen de la métaphore juridique et la façon dont elle incarne l’idée d’une philosophie critique ; et pour conclure (iii) la suggestion d’une hypothèse interprétative d’après laquelle le « contrat originaire » est un opérateur conceptuel accomplissant un mouvement analogue à celui qui est exigé de la philosophie critique : le passage du niveau individuel au niveau intersubjectif.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Verba Iuris is the property of Universidad Libre Bogota, Centre de Investigaciones Socio Juridicas de la Facultad de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arzanà is the property of Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pour mener à bien une formation en FLE, l’enseignant doit planifier au quotidien des activités de classe en fonction d’objectifs déterminés, qui reposent eux-mêmes sur la définition des besoins des apprenants. Il adopte alors une démarche en conséquence, et il en va de même pour ses choix évaluatifs. L’évaluation, qu’elle soit formative ou sommative, ne peut exister que par rapport aux objectifs d’enseignement-apprentissage visés pour chaque formation. Les choix évaluatifs répondent à un même processus pour chaque groupe d’apprenants indépendamment de leur profil : ils sont dépendants des objectifs spécifiques à chaque formation, qu’il s’agisse de FLE, FLS, FOS ou encore FOU. L’évaluation formative s’inscrit dans cette démarche et doit faire partie intégrante du processus d’enseignement-apprentissage afin de guider l’apprenant dans son apprentissage. La difficulté est de parvenir à changer la perception de l’apprenant par rapport à l’évaluation qu’il juge souvent pénalisante, voire décourageante, et de l’amener à la considérer au contraire comme un outil de progression.