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This paper provides additive perturbation bounds for the generalized core inverse $ A^{d,\dag } $ A d , † of a complex matrix A. Given perturbation matrix E, we first present upper bounds for $ \frac {\|(A+E)^{d,\dag }-A^{d,\dag }\|_{2}}{\|A^{d,\dag }\|_{2}} $ ‖ (A + E) d , † − A d , † ‖ 2 ‖ A d , † ‖ 2 under the condition $ \mathcal {R}(E)\subseteq \mathcal {R}(A^k), \mathcal {N}(A^{k}A^{\dag })\subseteq \mathcal {N}(E), {\rm where}\ k=\mathrm {ind}(A) $ R (E) ⊆ R (A k) , N (A k A †) ⊆ N (E) , where k = ind (A) , and then under the condition $ (A+E)(A+E)^{d,\dag }=AA^{d,\dag } $ (A + E) (A + E) d , † = A A d , † . We then explore an integral formula for the generalized core inverse of a perturbed matrix associated with a semi-stable matrix. Furthermore, a perturbation bound for $ \|(A+E)^{d,\dag }-A^{d,\dag }\|_{F} $ ‖ (A + E) d , † − A d , † ‖ F is obtained without conditions. Sufficient conditions for the continuity of the generalized core inverse can be obtained as a result. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the derived bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPatients and families identify discharge from hospital as highly challenging. Less is known about experiences of transition between acute services and inpatient rehabilitation. We aimed to understand the experiences of patients and families as they transition to inpatient rehabilitation services, before and after the opening of a new integrated stroke and rehabilitation unit (ISU).Adults were recruited 7 days after transfer to inpatient rehabilitation, in two 6-month periods before and after the opening of the ISU. Their experiences of care continuity were evaluated with a survey. Univariate analyses compared survey data pre- and post-ISU. A subset of participants completed semi-structured interviews that underwent thematic analysis.150 patients were recruited (median age 60 years, range 20-92 years, 72 female). There were no differences between pre- and post-ISU survey scores for patient or family experiences (all p > 0.3). Interview analysis identified 3 major themes: “Whānaungatanga - the foundation of patient experience”, “In the dark and out of control”, and “A nice view…but I want to be able to do more.”Implementation of an integrated stroke and rehabilitation unit maintained levels of patient and family satisfaction. Interviews identified important themes for services planning to improve patient experience.Inpatient transitions can be a challenging experience for patients and family members.A new ward environment that eliminated the transition from acute to inpatient rehabilitation services had little effect on patient and family experiences.Relational aspects of inpatient care are more salient for patients and families than the physical environment.Services planning to improve patient experience should prioritise investing in staff alongside improvements to the ward environment.Inpatient transitions can be a challenging experience for patients and family members.A new ward environment that eliminated the transition from acute to inpatient rehabilitation services had little effect on patient and family experiences.Relational aspects of inpatient care are more salient for patients and families than the physical environment.Services planning to improve patient experience should prioritise investing in staff alongside improvements to the ward environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One notable characteristic of the Iwakura Mission was, in Tanaka Akira's words, its historical and cultural "continuity in discontinuity." While its leaders were mostly from the aristocracy and the powerful Satsuma and Chōshū domains with little experience in the West, the secretaries who assisted them were former Tokugawa retainers that were experts in foreign affairs. The ryūgakusei , or overseas students, who were in the United States or Europe prior to the mission's arrival and joined them on site, were another group that exemplified the "continuity." Reform-minded daimyo and the progressive members of the Tokugawa regime had dispatched many to the West during the Tokugawa period with the very purpose to become useful servants to assist Japan's quick and successful modernization. Once recruited to the mission, these ryūgakusei served as guides, interpreters, and investigators, collecting and compiling information on various institutions and policies in the respective countries. The knowledge, experience, and linguistic skills they had acquired and the network they created while abroad were vital in facilitating the Iwakura Mission and the new Meiji government's subsequent effort of modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with interior and global gradient estimates for solutions to a class of singular quasilinear elliptic equations with measure data, whose prototype is given by the p-Laplace equation -- Δp u = μ with p ∈ (1,2). The cases when p ∈ (2 - 1/n, 2) and p ∈ (3n-2/2n-1, 2 - 1/n] were studied in Duzaar and Mingione [J. Funct. Anal. 259 (2010), 379-418] and Nguyen and Phuc [J. Funct. Anal. 278 (2020), art. 108391] respectively. In this paper, we improve the results of Nguyen and Phuc and address the open case when p ∈ (1, 3n-2/2n-1]. Interior and global modulus of continuity estimates of the gradients of solutions are also established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal multiple case study explores children's transitions within early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finland. In ECEC children typically transition from one group or center to another. This study explores how physical, social and philosophical discontinuities and continuities constitute these transitions. Five focus children's transitions were followed in and between separate ECEC centers. The data include interviews with parents and educators as well as observations noted. Fabian's discontinuity division, which argues that transition consists of physical, social, and philosophical discontinuities, was used for content analysis of interviews as primary data. Interpretations were reflected on and supplemented with fieldnotes as secondary data. Analysis demonstrated that children's transitions in ECEC comprise various permutations of discontinuities and continuities. Based on our findings, we suggest that the dis-/continuities in children's daily lives should be considered when identifying and planning transitions as well as in planning ECEC centers' operation and grouping structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practice theorists have indicated the importance of understanding everyday life – how it changes and stays the same – in responding to current environmental problems, including the proliferation of food packaging waste. Focusing on individuals as carriers of practices who carry them out is essential for the diffusion of sustainable practices because the more carriers are recruited by less wasteful food consumption, such as packaging-free shopping, the more they are likely to spread. Thus far, however, insights regarding the dynamics of how practices recruit their carriers have been limited. Based on a focused ethnography in a recently opened packaging-free shop and its customers' homes in Germany, this study specifies the dynamics of recruitment by introducing the concept of connection points. The presence of connection points enables a practice to recruit carriers, allowing them to maintain daily routines to a certain degree, while in the process of adopting a new practice that entails changing their everyday life. This reveals a paradoxical dynamic: continuity, in very diverse ways, seems to pave the way towards change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to explore the influence of patient-, general practitioners (GP)-, and GP practice-level predictor variables on patient-experienced accessibility to GPs and GP practices. Additionally, we aimed to enhance our understanding of patient-experienced accessibility by analysing the free-text comments from patients who reported lowest accessibility scores to GPs and GP practices. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a 2021-2022 national Norwegian survey on patient experiences with their GP and GP practice. We identified seven accessibility-related items including experience and acceptance of regular waiting time and for urgent appointments, time spent with the GP, waiting time in the wating-room, and getting in touch with the GP practice by telephone. A composite accessibility score was computed. Predictor variables consisted of patient's self-reported characteristics, as well as background data about the GP and GP practice from National GP registry. The analysis included multiple linear regression of the composite accessibility score and seven accessibility items. Finally, a qualitative analysis was conducted of free-text survey comments among patients that had a score of 0 (unfavourable) on all the seven accessibility items. Results: The key factor for patient-experienced accessibility to general practice was seeing their own GP, showing a statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.001) across all seven accessibility items and the composite accessibility score in regression analyses. Other associations with positive experience included better self-reported health, and at the GP-level, a specialization in general medicine. Conversely, a negative experience was associated with longer time since the last GP consultation, female patients, and a higher number of GPs at the practice. Qualitative data confirmed accessibility challenges, detailing quantitative scores and highlighted that low accessibility scores were related to difficulties in seeing one's own GP. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of continuity between patient and their GP in improving patients' experiences of accessibility to general practice. Several GP and GP practice-level factors were related to patient-reported accessibility. These results can be used to inform initiatives aimed at improving accessibility to general practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the research stems from the need to study the issues of continuity of the school and university curricula content in science disciplines on the example of the “physics” course. This study aims at identifying the principles of continuity of the content of school curricula and higher education programs in natural sciences in the example of the “physics” course, as well as disclosing methods to ensure the continuity of secondary and higher education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The primary method in this study is system analysis, which is applied to examine the continuity of the school and university science curricula content, using the “physics” course as an example. Moreover, a theoretical analysis of recent scientific publications was carried out in the research process. The study deals with the problem of maintaining continuity in the general secondary education curricula in the field of natural sciences based on a renewed education program. The study presents the results of the analysis in the form of methodological suggestions and reveals possible barriers to the implementation of lifelong learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide two novel expected utility theorems by suitably adjusting the independence and continuity axioms. Our first theorem characterizes expected utility preferences using weak versions of the independence axiom (with varying mixture weights) and a new weak continuity axiom. Our second theorem characterizes these preferences using weaker versions of the independence axiom (with mixture weights fixed at 1/2) and a strong topological continuity axiom. We provide useful examples to illustrate the tightness of these characterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prove new fixed point results in partially ordered bicomplete quasimetric spaces. Our results extends/generalized celebrated results, on the one hand, by Nieto and Rodríguez-López for contraction mappings in partially ordered complete metric spaces and, on the other hand, by Schellekens for contraction mappings in bicomplete quasi-metric spaces. Moreover, it is also shown that neither our assumptions can be weakened nor our results can be deduced from the celebrated Kleene's fixed point theorem. Finally, an application of our results to the asymptotic analysis of recurrence equations is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report two studies that investigated the continuity and stability of maternal mind-mindedness (MM) across different times, contexts, and relationships, and also examined child communicative development in the second year of life. Three main findings emerged. First, the percentages of appropriate mind-related comments (AMRC) decreased between 16 and 20 months, while the children's production of words and gestures increased. Second, mothers addressed more AMRC to secondborns than to firstborns, when both were tested at the same age (16 months), but firstborns produced more gestures than secondborns (both at 16 and 20 months). Third, unlike mothers' general language measures and child communicative skills, MM was temporally, contextually, and relationally unstable. Overall, these findings suggest caution in considering MM as a stable behavioural trait. It appears, instead, that the production of AMRC may vary according to a wide range of factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1873 and 1876, Felix Klein published a series of papers that he later placed under the rubric anschauliche Geometrie in the second volume of his collected works (1922). The present study attempts not only to follow the course of this work, but also to place it in a larger historical context. Methodologically, Klein's approach had roots in Poncelet's principle of continuity, though the more immediate influences on him came from his teachers, Plücker and Clebsch. In the 1860s, Clebsch reworked some of the central ideas in Riemann's theory of Abelian functions to obtain complicated results for systems of algebraic curves, most published earlier by Hesse and Steiner. These findings played a major role in enumerative geometry, whereas Plücker's work had a strongly qualitative character that imbued Klein's early studies. A leitmotif in these works can be seen in the interplay between real curves and surfaces as reflected by their transformational properties. During the early 1870s, Klein and Zeuthen began to explore the possibility of deriving all possible forms for real cubic surfaces as well as quartic curves. They did so using continuity methods reminiscent of Poncelet's earlier approach. Both authors also relied on visual arguments, which Klein would later advance under the banner of intuitive geometry (anschauliche Geometrie). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through galleries of graphs and short filmstrips, this paper aims to sharpen students' eyes for visually recognizing continuous functions. It seeks to develop intuition for what visual features of a graph continuity does and does not allow for. We have found that even students who can work correctly with rigorous definitions may not be able to recognize a continuous function from its graph. To help mitigate this problem, these visuals can be used alongside the definitions in analysis courses, and in calculus courses where the same definitions are used. The content is arranged into a series of pictures accompanied by questions, with suggestions for the instructor on how to guide students in their learning. The design allows students to make their own discoveries and connections. The investigations crescendo to a surprising fact: that almost all continuous functions are differentiable nowhere! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating symptomatic, massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears remains challenging and controversial. Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using the tensor fascia lata has shown promising clinical results; however, due to donor site morbidity, interest in SCR using other grafts has increased. Yet, no studies have compared allografts with xenografts. In addition, the clinical results of graft tears remain controversial. This study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of SCR between those with allografts and xenografts. Sixty-seven patients who had undergone SCR with allografts or xenografts between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Furthermore, 62 patients were evaluated 2 years postsurgery, with five patients excluded due to loss to follow-up or conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, and visual analog scale scores, range of motion, and radiological outcomes were evaluated before the surgery and at 6 and 24 months after surgery. The graft tear rate was 23.08% in the allograft group and 42.86% in the xenograft group at 6 months after surgery; at 2 years postsurgery, the gap further widened to 32.43% and 64%, respectively, showing a significant difference. The graft in the allograft group was thicker than that in the xenograft group, and there were significant differences on the humeral side and in the midsubstance area. The allograft group showed significantly better visual analog scale, Constant, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores than the xenograft group 2 years postsurgery. However, the difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups did not surpass minimal clinically important differences. Although arthroscopic SCR using xenografts had significantly lower clinical outcome than allografts, this difference did not reach minimal clinically important differences. Arthroscopic SCR using xenografts showed higher graft tear rates than allografts. Even with partial tears, better results were obtained if the graft continuity was maintained. Additionally, after surgery, the xenograft showed less thickness than the allograft and resulted in more tears, specifically in the midsubstance area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection of medicine and art, often explored in numerous articles, delves into detailed depictions of diseases or concepts within the medical field. These depictions aim to speculate on disease effects and patterns of interaction, sometimes reaching scientific conclusions. However, artistic representations may pose scientific, conceptual, and methodological challenges, defining the complex boundary between medicine and art. This article broadens the perspective by examining the relationship between medicine and sculpture, focusing on how these fields can be classified in relation to each other. Rather than concentrating on individual works, the study categorizes the language, methods, and approaches used in works resulting from the intersection of art and medicine. The historical continuum is explored to understand the scope and connections between sculpture and medicine from the past to the present. Using search terms like "art," "sculpture," and "medicine" on platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, and Taylor & Francis Online, the research aims to convey how medicine is reflected in artistic practices. The article highlights the potential for collaboration and mutual enrichment between medicine and art, emphasizing the diverse use of art, particularly sculpture, in various contexts related to medical themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, certain factors that influenced legal continuity during the Age of Enlightenment are discussed. The major processes of the period are analyzed, and the importance of legal traditions as the foundation of legal continuity is highlighted. A brief overview of the key approaches to understanding legal traditions is given. Particular attention is paid to the regional divergences of the Age of Enlightenment, with a focus on its specifics in England and later Great Britain, the German and Italian states, France, Russia, and the USA. It was revealed that all factors can be divided into two groups. The first group includes general conditions, circumstances, and prerequisites, which can be further classified into natural and social ones. Natural factors are largely unaffected by the landscape of the period, while social factors are closely tied to society. The factors pertaining to the Age of Enlightenment are part of the latter group. They are of two types. The first type is not actually related to the legal reality of the period. The second type reflects the Enlightenment political and legal doctrines. Conclusions are drawn about the direct and indirect impacts of these factors on the historical processes. It is also demonstrated that the factors of legal continuity formed a unique combination in each studied society, with their influence apparent even after the Age of Enlightenment.

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the influence of patient-, general practitioners (GP)-, and GP practice-level predictor variables on patient-experienced accessibility to GPs and GP practices. Additionally, we aimed to enhance our understanding of patient-experienced accessibility by analysing the free-text comments from patients who reported lowest accessibility scores to GPs and GP practices. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from a 2021-2022 national Norwegian survey on patient experiences with their GP and GP practice. We identified seven accessibility-related items including experience and acceptance of regular waiting time and for urgent appointments, time spent with the GP, waiting time in the wating-room, and getting in touch with the GP practice by telephone. A composite accessibility score was computed. Predictor variables consisted of patient’s self-reported characteristics, as well as background data about the GP and GP practice from National GP registry. The analysis included multiple linear regression of the composite accessibility score and seven accessibility items. Finally, a qualitative analysis was conducted of free-text survey comments among patients that had a score of 0 (unfavourable) on all the seven accessibility items. Results The key factor for patient-experienced accessibility to general practice was seeing their own GP, showing a statistically significant positive correlation (p

Innovative activities in education make it possible to follow the priority directions and state policy in the national economic development. This research featured the problems of preparing future teachers for innovative activities in education organizations of different levels. The author formulated the basic concepts of innovation, innovative activity, and readiness, as well as studied the experience in changing curriculum to develop the readiness for innovations in future school teachers. The theory was supported by cases of pedagogical colleges and pedagogical institutes. Readiness for innovative activity is a non-specific type of activity. First of all, it should be adopted by the teaching staff. The article describes the experience of organizing additional professional training programs for college professors to be engaged in shaping the readiness for innovative activities in future teachers. The course prepared them for adapting and updating the curriculum and methodological support for the academic disciplines of History of Pedagogy and Education, Design of Academic Programs, and Pedagogical Technologies. Another case featured an additional program for professional training for teachers seeking to improve their innovative competences. The list of research methods included a review of psychological and pedagogical articles; the method of survey revealed the readiness of teaching personnel for innovative activities; the method of observation made it possible to assess and self-assess the ability to participate in innovative activities. The research yielded new syllabuses and methodological support for developing the readiness of future teachers for innovative activities at different levels of education, as well as an additional professional training program that prepare specialists to participate in innovative activities in preschool and general education.

The content of Physical Education at primary and secondary school is undergoing certain changes. This process requires continuity. The research featured the principle of continuity in extracurricular physical education activities, i.e., volleyball and pioneerball, with primary and secondary school students. The experiment involved university students that majored in physical education, as well as experienced school teachers. First, the principle of continuity presupposes an interaction between teachers of primary and secondary education, e.g., mutual attendance of classes and extracurricular events. Second, it takes into account the age, gender, and individual characteristics of schoolchildren and their level of training. Third, the transition from primary to secondary education is especially challenging for children as the curriculum is getting more complex. The principle of continuity in Physical Education makes learning consistent and contributes to personal development. In this study, the Physical Education teachers and university students agreed that the principle of continuity helped schoolchildren to gain knowledge, improve motor skills, and increase motivation.

The purpose of the article is to develop the principle of forming integrated energy supply sys-tems that consider the relationship between the production, transmission and consumption of thermal and electrical energy, as well as to develop a methodology for selecting the composition and structure of generating equipment to ensure the affordability and uninterrupted supply of energy. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were accomplished: the energy supply sys-tems of existing special economic zones were studied, and their shortcomings were identified; the creation of integrated energy supply systems for territories based on cogeneration technolo-gies was proposed; a methodology for selecting the composition and structure of equipment for mini-CHPP (combined heat power plant) integrated energy systems was developed. The most important result is a comprehensive methodology for selecting the composition and structure of mini-CHPP equipment in an integrated energy supply system, ensuring maximum fuel efficiency for energy production and energy efficiency for the energy supply system. Performing calcula-tions based on the developed methodology using the example of the advanced development area «SmartCity-Novosibirsk», we were able to propose the creation of an integrated energy supply system for residents. The significance of these results lies in their potential to improve the effi-ciency of decision-making processes in the field of energy infrastructure development by con-sidering interconnections between heat and power supply processes and the methodology of se-lecting mini-CHPP equipment for integrated energy systems.

This research is motivated by the level of school resilience which is not yet good, so school principals must increase school resilience with their leadership. Therefore, this research aims to analyze and describe the leadership of school principals in setting direction, developing human resources, and redesigning organizations to increase school resilience. The method used in this research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, which helps provide an in-depth and detailed picture of the school's daily habits in implementing school resilience. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation by carrying out data analysis techniques using description, analysis and interpretation. The results of this research explain that in carrying out the three leadership roles of the school principal, namely setting direction, developing people, and redesigning the organization, through school habits (culture), private schools will be able to create a level of resilience in the school environment. Even in unfavorable conditions, school principals can survive by carrying out leadership roles using existing school habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computationally tractable method is suggested for solving N-person games in which players’ pure strategies are staircase functions. The solution is meant to be Pareto-efficient. Owing to the payoff subinterval-wise summing, the N-person staircase-function game is considered as a succession of subinterval N-person games in which strategies are constants. In the case of a finite staircase-function game, each constant-strategy game is an N-dimensional-matrix game whose size is relatively far smaller to solve it in a reasonable time. It is proved that any staircase-function game has a single Pareto-efficient situation if every constant-strategy game has a single Pareto-efficient situation, and vice versa. Besides, it is proved that, whichever the staircase-function game continuity is, any Pareto-efficient situation of staircase function-strategies is a stack of successive Pareto-efficient situations in the constant-strategy games. If a staircase-function game has multiple Pareto-efficient situations, the best efficient situation is one which is the farthest from the most unprofitable payoffs. In terms of 0-1-standardization, the best efficient situation is the farthest from the zero payoffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on continuity in the practice of the conversion of Muslims and its social implications in Venice in the period 1750–1824. Neophytes were people of other religious confessions who converted and were baptized as Catholics. Among neophytes of Muslim origin in Venice at this time were enslaved people, formerly enslaved individuals, and free men and women, as well as others of uncertain status. While the article discerns patterns of continuity in the practice of the conversion of Muslims and the wider experience of enslaved people in Venice, it argues that significant changes occurred after the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797. These developments emerged in response to the shifting political climate and legal reforms of the Napoleonic period (1806–1814) and the post-1814 period in which Venice came under Austrian rule, culminating in a reduction in the number of neophytes and enslaved people in the city. The geographical origins of the neophytes ranged from the Ottoman Empire and its regencies to Eastern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Atlantic. Sources from Venice's Pius House of Catechumens reveal the types of work the neophytes performed and indicate how changes in ownership dictated slaves' or former slaves' trajectories before their arrival in Venice. The article also highlights how religious conversion from Islam to Catholicism was a watershed moment for individuals, one that had a major bearing on their living and working conditions and, in some cases, their social status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WSVAD) constitutes a highly research-oriented and challenging project within the domains of image and video processing. In prior studies of WSVAD, it has typically been formulated as a multiple-instance learning (MIL) problem. However, quite a few of these methods tend to primarily concentrate on time periods when anomalies occur discernibly. To recognize anomalous events, they rely solely on detecting significant changes in appearance or motion, ignoring the temporal completeness or continuity that anomalous events possess by nature. In addition, they also disregard the subtle correlations at the transitional boundaries between normal and abnormal states. Therefore, we propose a weakly supervised learning approach based on Transformer with margin learning for video anomaly detection. Specifically, our network effectively captures temporal changes around the occurrence of anomalies by utilizing the benefits of Transformer blocks, which are adept at capturing long-range dependencies in anomalous events. Secondly, to tackle challenging cases, i.e., normal events with high similarity to anomalous events, we employed a hard score memory. The purpose of this memory is to store the anomaly scores of hard samples, enabling iterative optimization training on those hard instances. Additionally, to bolster the discriminative capability of the model at the score level, we utilize pseudo-labels for anomalous events to provide supplementary support in detection. Experiments were conducted on two large-scale datasets, namely the ShanghaiTech dataset and the UCF-Crime dataset, and they achieved highly favorable results. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is sensitive to anomalous events while performing competitively against state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the changes that have occurred in university autonomy and academic freedom in the late Soviet and post-Soviet period from the point of view of the faculty members of leading universities and the main influencing factors. The aim is to identify successful Soviet practices from the faculty members’ point of view and to assess the possibilities of their use in the current conditions.The study is based on in-depth interviews conducted with faculty members of two leading Russian research universities located in Moscow and Tomsk. The majority of the informants had worked at the universities during the Soviet period. The informants expressed their opinions on the degree of succession of university autonomy and academic freedom in their universities, and on the factors influencing it.The survey revealed that the Soviet experience is perceived very differently both within and between universities. Positive aspects of the Soviet experience include guaranteed state funding and a well-established system of cooperation with industry based on “economic contracts”. These supported the high status of faculty members. Assessments of the modern period are polar. Some believe that this is the period of a reasonable degree of university autonomy and academic freedom, while others believe that it has been greatly reduced and that state control has increased.Tracing the changes in university autonomy and academic freedom reveals the importance of di-versification, especially in funding schemes. The direct transfer of Soviet practices is hardly possible.

As group identities form, they construct social structures. Reciprocally, policies that alter social structures also influence an individual’s identity-related psychological processes. This study investigated how affirmative action, by changing external social structures, affects identity-related psychological processes. Twenty-seven participants were furnished with a survey in which they listed twelve of their identities and evaluated each identity’s significance toward continuity, belonging, self-perception, distinctiveness, and meaning. Thereafter, detailed write-ups of their lived experiences in spaces with affirmative action were gathered. A thematic analysis revealed that affirmative action affected both identity enactment and self-verification processes. These included changing (1) the degree of centrality and salience of identity categories such as racial versus national identity (2) intergenerational continuity and continuity across spaces (3) striving for distinctiveness in those perceived as benefiting from the policy (4) self-perceptions based on self- or policy-attribution of success or failure experiences, and (5) forging of meaning for ‘pioneers’ among beneficiaries of the policy. Based on the similarity of experiences related to affirmative action, the study shares subgroups within those benefiting from the policy that highlight the significance of (1) perceptions about the policy and (2) self- versus policy-attribution by individuals in altering their identity-related psychological processes.

The present study explores the language and literacy socialization (LLS) of Indonesian children from low- to middle-income families. The Indonesian government has never truly involved home and family as the base for literacy socialization in its programs, affecting the nation-state's low rank in literacy proficiency. This paper aims to describe the LLS of low- to middle-income Indonesian families and examine how the language used by caregivers and parents stimulates the issue of continuity or discontinuity between home and school literacy practices. The study used an ethnographic approach in which the researchers observed the LLS events of 6 families in Surabaya, Indonesia. Conversations between caregivers/parents and children during literacy events were recorded. The findings suggest that every family has different patterns of literacy practices depending on their beliefs and culture at home and that parents' or caregivers' language and style of communication may facilitate or hinder children's access to literacy. Two socialization patterns were identified, including reference to past experience and collaborative negotiation of meaning. It is argued that not only the background of education but also caregivers' literacy culture and educational beliefs play a role in their strategy of language and literacy socialization at home.

Rural drinking water management in Buleleng Regency is served by rural drinking water supply (PAM Des) and community-based drinking water supply (pamsimas). The local wisdom of Tri Hita Karana (THK) as a sustainability concept is also applied in the management of drinking water supply systems through a participatory approach. The method used to analyze the sustainability index for PAM Des management uses the Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method. Multi Dimensional Scaling also analyzes lever factors that are sensitive to sustainability. The results of the analysis using Rap analysis show that the sustainability index value for the ecological dimension is 70.11%, the economic dimension is 46.00%, the socio-cultural dimension is 50.65%, the technological dimension is 46.89% and the institutional dimension is 49.74%. The sustainability index value for the ecological and socio-cultural dimensions with a value above 50% is quite sustainable. The sustainability index value of the economic, technological and institutional dimensions of rural drinking water supply management is less sustainable.The leverage factors obtained from the analysis of 5 (five) dimensions of sustainability are 19 factors. Leveraging factor attributes in the ecological and socio-cultural dimensions are maintained and improved through the Tri Hita Karana implementation strategy. Improving the Tri Hita Karana implementation strategy in the economic, technological and institutional dimensions must be carried out by improving, upgrading the PAM Des infrastructure and also regulations that strengthen the management of PAM Des.

Relevance. The development of education is one of the most important tasks of state activity. The State pays great attention to the reform and improvement of the education system. The set of reforms in the Russian education implemented over the past 25 years is forming new approaches to improving the quality and competitiveness of the Russian education system (Prosvirkin, 2018). One of the directions of educational reforms is to create conditions for the continuity of preschool and primary general education. The combining of schools and kindergartens into unified educational complexes in the Moscow region began in 2020 (Boguslovsky, Karmaev, Kim, 2021) and will last until 2030. The aim of the study is to characterize the ideas of directors who have gone through the combining of schools and kindergartens into unified educational complexes about the results and conditions of combining. Methods. The study used an in-depth semi-structured interviews with the directors of educational complexes in the Moscow region. Sample. The sample consisted of directors of complexes in the Moscow region, including preschool educational organizations with association experience from 1 to 4 years. Among them 8 women and 2 men (D1 – D10), age: 39-61 years (average age: 51 years). Results. The article shows that respondents see as results of the combining easier adaptation of children to first grade, improving the quality and accessibility of education, facilitating communication and interaction between kindergarten educators and primary school teachers.

The primary goal of optimization theory is to formulate solutions for real-life challenges that play a fundamental role in our daily lives. One of the most significant issues within this framework is the Linear Fractional Programming Problem (LFrPP). In practical situations, such as production planning and financial decision-making, it is often feasible to express objectives as a ratio of two distinct objectives. To enhance the efficacy of these problems in representing real-world scenarios, it is reasonable to utilize fuzzy sets for expressing variables and parameters. In this research, we have worked on the Fully Fuzzy Linear Fractional Linear Programming Problem (FFLFrLPP). In our approach to problem-solving, we simplified the intricate structure of the FFLFrLPP into a crisp Linear Programming Problem (LPP) while accommodating the inherent fuzziness. Notably, unlike literature, our proposed technique avoided variable transformation, which is highly competitive in addressing fuzzy-based problems. Our methodology also distinguishes itself from the literature in preserving fuzziness throughout the process, from problem formulation to solution. In this study, we conducted a rigorous evaluation of our proposed methodology by applying it to a selection of numerical examples and production problems sourced from the existing literature. Our findings revealed significant improvements in performance when compared to established solution approaches. Additionally, we presented comprehensive statistical analyses showcasing the robustness and effectiveness of our algorithms when addressing large-scale problem instances. This research underscores the innovative contributions of our methods to the field, further advancing the state-of-the-art in problem-solving techniques.

Abstract This review paper explores approaches to sustaining the enduring connection between communities and heritage places in conservation planning. Amidst global overtourism, the gradual outmigration and sudden displacement of local communities from heritage places disrupt not only physical ties between people and places but also shared traditions, memories and emotional bonds. These intangible qualities constitute the social dimension of heritage and are pivotal to its cultural significance. However, existing conservation approaches to safeguarding this social dimension often rely on the continued presence of local communities, which may yield limited effectiveness in restoring people–place bonds amidst challenges posed by overtourism and displacement. This review unpacks the term ‘social value’ within the framework of value-based assessment and progresses towards a dynamic conception of ‘sense of place’. In response to the changing social composition of ‘local communities’ at heritage places, this review examines approaches for conserving the social dimension of heritage, aiming to sustain the enduring continuity of people–place bonding. It proposes a broader definition of ‘sense of place’ that transcends the preconceived notion of stakeholder groups as a geographically defined community and suggests leveraging digital social platforms to re-establish these bonds. The review concludes by advocating for the ‘glocal community’ approach, acknowledging the personal emotional connections that individuals form with a heritage place regardless of their places of residence. This approach has the potential to complement existing methods, such as value-based assessment and the living heritage approach, which are commonly practised in contemporary conservation efforts.

Background: Patients with fewer socioeconomic and health literacy resources are disadvantaged in their access and use of healthcare, which may give rise to worse experiences with care and thus inequalities in patient experiences. However, only a limited number of studies have examined how socioeconomic and health literacy factors shape inequalities in patients' experiences with cancer care. Objective: To examine whether patients' experiences with cancer care differ according to their economic status and health literacy. Methods: Secondary analysis of data on 2789 adult patients diagnosed with cancer from the Swiss Cancer Patient Experiences-2 (SCAPE-2) study, a cross-sectional survey conducted in eight hospitals across Switzerland from September 2021 to February 2022. Regression analysis was applied to examine the independent effect of patients' economic status and health literacy on various outcomes of experiences with cancer care, covering eight different dimensions of patient-centred care, controlling for confounding factors. Results: Adjusted regression analysis showed that patients with lower economic status reported significantly worse experiences with cancer care in 12 out of 29 specific care experiences, especially in the dimensions of 'respect for patients' preferences' and 'physical comfort' where all items of experiences were associated with economic status. Additionally, lower health literacy was associated with worse patient experiences in 23 specific care experiences. All items in the dimensions of 'respect for patients' preferences', 'physical comfort' and 'emotional support' were associated with health literacy. Discussion: This study revealed significant inequalities in experiences with cancer care shaped by the economic status and health literacy of patients across different dimensions of patient-centred care. It is essential to address the needs of more disadvantaged patients who face obstacles in their access and use of the healthcare system, not only to mitigate inequalities in cancer care but also to avoid inequalities in health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This introduction develops a theoretical framework for understanding authoritarian backsliding against the backdrop of existing historical and European socio-legal scholarship. It introduces a number of key distinctions to better understand socio-legal variance among autocratisation. Specifically, it highlights the distinction between authoritarian backsliding and complete breakdown of judicial independence and human rights Authoritarian backsliding is an aggravated form of rule of law decay, where functioning of key rule of law institutions comes under direct threat and it is mostly observable in the contemporary Central and Eastern European context. This differs from historical instances of authoritarian turn referring to the complete breakdown of judicial independence and human rights, characterised by the politicisation of courts as a mainly historical phenomenon. The differentiation and their socio-legal implications is crucial for developing a roadmap to identify different forms of autocratisation and their different contexts (actors, institutional and political context) that need to be considered when addressing rule of law decay in Europe, both at the national and supranational levels. Ultimately, this general overview also offers the possibility to identify and address latent discontinuities in rule of law development at both the supranational and national levels. Identification of such latent discontinuities is of importance when assessing the risks involved in the introduction of emergency measures to combat perceived threats to the state and the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We offer a detailed description of our previously published new concept of the evolution of the biosphere as an integral system of its states over time, united by development trends. The structure of the biosphere is considered as a hierarchical fractal system, and the elementary unit of the biosphere is an ecosystem. The fractal structure of the biosphere corresponds to the emergent principle: each lower level is an element of a more complex system and has its own properties. The proposed concept of biosphere evolution is based on the general categories of dialectics: states and interstates, continuity and discreteness, reproducibility and uniqueness. The evolutionary history of the biosphere is a metameric picture of changing states and interstates. The most important feature of the biosphere organization in space–time is a complex system of continua. The development of an integral biospheric system occurs in a time continuum: in the biosphere, the differences between the early and subsequent states are quite significant and obvious. Moreover, these differences are associated with fundamental complications, development, which is, in fact, evolution. The states of the biosphere in certain periods are linked by trends that form an evolutionary system. Continuing states, when the system remains self-identical for a long period, are replaced by new states through interstates. Based on the principle of actualism, the problems of the biosphere's future and evolutionary trends of the biosphere under anthropogenic impact are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]