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Purpose: This study examined how physical education preservice teachers (PSTs) developed adaptive skills in the planning of the lessons in the 5 weeks of an introductory physical education method course using the practice-based teacher education framework. Method: Twenty-two PSTs edited three lesson plans over the 5 weeks. A total of 150 lesson plans were analyzed using descriptive statistics to explore (a) the total number of adaptations, (b) the total number of adaptations made to core practices, and (c) the types of adaptations. Findings: The PSTs made a wide-ranged number of adaptations from lesson plan one to three (one [median = 38.50, range 6–101]; two [median = 49.00, range 14–184]; three [median = 38.00, range 18–97]). They made adaptations most frequently in providing clear instruction and type two adaptations (refine). Conclusions: The results support the use of pedagogical approaches within the practice-based teacher education framework effective in developing PSTs' adaptive competence in lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main structural component of tobacco cell wall, lignin content is an important factor affecting the safety of tobacco smoking. However, it is time‐consuming to quantify lignin by conventional wet chemical analysis methods. In this work, a 13C multiCP/MAS NMR spectral analysis method for tobacco lignin was established. The multiCP/MAS NMR sequence was optimized for tobacco lignin. The optimized nuclear magnetic sequence parameters were 9 CP cycles of 1.5 ms, repolarization time of 0.7 s, and a total acquisition time of 130 min. Subsequently, TMSP was used as the internal standard substance to establish the working curve, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9946. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) was 3.26%. This method was applied to the determination of lignin content in different types of tobacco samples. The relative error in the determination of lignin content by this method did not exceed 4.46% compared to the results of the chemical method. The results showed that the 13C multiCP/MAS NMR spectral analysis method had the advantages of accuracy and rapidity, which provided a new technical means for the quantitative study of tobacco cell wall substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To account for the explanatory role representations play in cognitive science, Egan's deflationary account introduces a distinction between cognitive and mathematical contents. According to that account, only the latter are genuine explanatory posits of cognitive-scientific theories, as they represent the arguments and values cognitive devices need to represent to compute. Here, I argue that the deflationary account suffers from two important problems, whose roots trace back to the introduction of mathematical contents. First, I will argue that mathematical contents do not satisfy important and widely accepted desiderata all theories of content are called to satisfy, such as content determinacy and naturalism. Secondly, I will claim that there are cases in which mathematical contents cannot play the explanatory role the deflationary account claims they play, proposing an empirical counterexample. Lastly, I will conclude the paper highlighting two important implications of my arguments, concerning recent theoretical proposals to naturalize representations via physical computation, and the popular predictive processing theory of cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching language has challenges for many reasons, including learners' backgrounds, learning styles, motivation, and socio-economic status. However, EFL students can benefit from differentiation across the learning continuum to a large extent. This study investigated Afghan EFL learners' perceptions of differentiated instruction and the factors that contributed to catering to their needs. This study revolved around five main elements of differentiated instruction: learning environment, content, process, product, and assessment. In this study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 102 EFL students at Herat University, Afghanistan, to record their perceptions of differentiated instruction in their classes. Three teachers of the English department at the same university were also interviewed to understand their experiences implementing differentiated instruction and identify their tensions. Data from the survey and interviews highlight that while DI requires significant teacher commitment and time, properly designed classes catering to learner specifics can enhance efficiency and be reused in future heterogeneous settings. The study's results suggested that it is practical to implement differentiated instruction in mixed-level, large, heterogeneous classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Social media has become a significant part of daily life, with platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp dominating usage. The COVID-19 pandemic further increased social media activity, including within the orthopedic community due to restrictions on physical gatherings. Despite the benefits of instant access to educational resources and interaction with experts, the lack of regulated editorial oversight on social media raises concerns about misinformation and privacy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social media in orthopedic and trauma surgery education, focusing on platform use, user behavior, and engagement with educational content. Methods: A web-based survey was distributed to 912 residents and 728 medical students from the German-speaking Association for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery (AGA) between June and July 2022. The questionnaire included 21 items covering demographics, platform use, activity patterns, engagement with educational content, and concerns about privacy. Results: Of the 339 respondents (129 medical students), 87% reported daily social media use, primarily via smartphones (93%). The most commonly used platforms were WhatsApp (84%), Instagram (68%), and YouTube (54%). About 26% of the content consumed was related to orthopedics or trauma surgery. While 70% engaged with specialist content by liking, commenting, or sharing, only 32% posted their own content. Additionally, 77% followed healthcare professionals or institutions, and 65% benefited from case presentations with images. Notably, 15% observed content that could violate patient privacy. Conclusions: Orthopedic residents and students are high-volume social media users but engage more passively with professional content. While most value educational material, concerns about privacy violations and inappropriate posts remain prevalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the content of videos on Al Jazeera and Al Hadath platforms regarding the Sudanese war that started on April 15, 2023. The aim was to identify the news coverage objectives of both platforms by examining their Tik Tok videos and assessing the media frameworks used to cover the Sudanese war. The researcher employed the content analysis method and monitored information using the form. The analysis - covered videos published on the two TikTok platforms from March 1 to June 30, 2024, totaling 189 videos – (87) were from Al Jazeera and (102) from Al Hadath . The study found that the primary framework of the videos was "conflict," focusing on reporting battles and military clashes. The study also revealed that the videos aimed to provide information, offer explanations and interpretations, and convey an image of the events, with providing information being the predominant goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to provide a detailed description of the implementation of differentiated instruction in an emancipated curriculum. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature on a specific topic. Implementing differentiated teaching can be analyzed from four perspectives: learning material, instructional process, assessment, and learning environment. Through the implementation of differentiated instruction, teachers can actively involve students in the process of teaching and learning, hence enhancing students' academic performance. Therefore, diversified learning may accommodate the diverse needs, cognitive preferences, and abilities of each student in a classroom environment. This approach not only promotes equity but also enhances student engagement and achievement. Professional educators are recommended to employ differentiated instruction as a method to actively include pupils in the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YouTube videos about intramuscular injection with the Z technique were evaluated for content, quality and reliability. A search of YouTube was made on 13 November 2023 using the keywords of "Z technique" and "intramuscular injection". 40 videos that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed for usefulness using the Z Technique Intramuscular Injection Administration Checklist (ZIAC), reliability using the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health (DISCERN), and quality using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) scores. Most of the videos used in the study belonged to individual content producers. The videos were determined to be of medium quality, and reliability, but their usefulness was not at the desired level based on their ZIAC, DISCERN, and GQS scores (respectively; 16.92±2.72; 2.92±0.763; 3.03±0.77). Furthermore, the videos' usefulness (ZIAC), reliability (DISCERN), and quality (GQS) scores all showed a strong positive correlation. It was determined that the dorsogluteal region was preferred in 48.1% of the videos (n=13), and the region was determined correctly in 67.5% of the videos (n=27). To provide the most reliable information to healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, it is recommended that expert nurses and educators create qualified videos about the use of intramuscular injection with the Z technique and share them on YouTube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe present work investigates stress, strain and deformation analyses of a shear deformable cylindrical shell manufactures by a Copper (Cu) core reinforced with graphene origami auxetic metamaterial subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The cylindrical models can be used in sport equipment especially in expander component. The effective material properties of the graphene origami auxetic reinforced Cu matrix are developed using micromechanical models cooperate both material properties of graphene and Cu in terms of local temperature, volume fraction and folding degree. The principle of virtual work is used to derive governing equations with accounting thermal loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onofri [Onofri, A. 2018. 'The Publicity of Thought.' Philosophical Quarterly 68 (272): 521–541.] proposes an individuation criterion for thoughts that purports to satisfy both shareability (the notion that different thinkers, or a single thinker at different times, can and generally do think type-identical thoughts) and Frege's constraint (according to which two thoughts are different if it is possible for a rational subject to endorse one while rejecting the other). I argue that his proposal fails to satisfy Frege's constraint. Then I propose a modification to Onofri's proposal to fix the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flipped classroom enables teachers to accommodate the different needs of their students. With in-class activities, learning gaps and strengths can be addressed individually, allowing a more personalized approach to teaching. This research assessed the potential influence of the Flipped Classroom utilization towards the mathematics achievement in Rational Functions competencies of the Grade 11 Computer Systems Servicing and General Academic Strand students of Talisay City National High School in Talisay City Division for the school year 2023-2024. A descriptivecorrelational research design was utilized in this study using a survey questionnaire and achievement test. There were 134 respondents in the sample, and it was selected using simple random sampling from the population of the students at Talisay City National High School. The data were statistically analyzed through percentage, frequency counts, weighted mean, and Pearson-r correlational test for significant relationships. The findings revealed that the level of acceptability in terms of the pedagogical aspect of the utilization of the flipped classroom significantly influences the student's academic achievement in Mathematics. The researcher highly recommends that the Flipped Classroom Utilization Enhancement Plan be implemented and could serve as a supplementary strategy in addressing the students' varied learning needs, particularly in mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using new chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C in phenolic acids, as well as flavonoids such as brown cyanidin and isoxanthin, as indicators, the changes in the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids during the natural and accelerated aging processes of Wan Artemisiae argyi were studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that during the accelerated aging process, the content of most phenolic acids were increased and the flavonoid isoxanthin significantly increased, while the flavonoid brown cyanidin gradually decreased. During the natural aging process, the content of flavonoids such as brown cyanidin and isoxanthin were gradually increased, while phenolic acids varied with increasing aging time. The research results had certain reference significance for the development of Wan Artemisiae argyi health products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The internet is a common source of health information for patients and caregivers. To date, content and information quality of YouTube videos on sarcoidosis has not been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate the content and quality of information on sarcoidosis provided by YouTube videos. Methods: Of the first 200 results under the search term "sarcoidosis," all English-language videos with content directed at patients were included. Two independent investigators assessed the content of the videos based on 25 predefined key features (content score with 0–25 points), as well as reliability and quality (HONCode score with 0–8 points, DISCERN score with 1–5 points). Misinformation contained in the videos was described qualitatively. Results: The majority of the 85 included videos were from an academic or governmental source (n = 63, 74%), and median time since upload was 33 months (IQR 10–55). Median video duration was 8 min (IQR 3–13) and had a median of 2,044 views (IQR 504 − 13,203). Quality assessment suggested partially sufficient information: mean HONCode score was 4.4 (SD 0.9) with 91% of videos having a medium quality HONCode evaluation. Mean DISCERN score was 2.3 (SD 0.5). Video content was generally poor with a mean of 10.5 points (SD 0.6). Frequently absent key features included information on the course of disease (6%), presence of substantial geographical variation (7%), and importance of screening for extrapulmonary manifestations (11%). HONCode scores were higher in videos from academic or governmental sources (p = 0.003), particularly regarding "transparency of sponsorship" (p < 0.001). DISCERN and content scores did not differ by video category. Conclusions: Most YouTube videos present incomplete information reflected in a poor content score, especially regarding screening for extrapulmonary manifestations. Quality was partially sufficient with higher scores in videos from academic or governmental sources, but often missing references and citing specific evidence. Improving patient access to trustworthy and up to date information is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: YouTube has educational videos on inhalers. However, their content and quality are not adequately known. Objectives: This study investigated the quality and content of educational YouTube videos on inhalers. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed 178 YouTube videos on inhalers between May and July 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the videos. The Global Quality Score (GQS), Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria, and Inhaler Application Checklist (IAC) were used to assess the quality and content of the videos. Spearman's correlation, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, and Post hoc analysis Bonferroni test were used for data analysis. Results: The videos had a mean GQS score of 3.70 ± 1.24, and JAMA score of 2.22 ± 0.60. A negative correlation was between the quality score of the videos and views, likes, comments, duration, and likes/views (respectively; r = −0.237 p < 0.005, r = −0.217 p < 0.003, r = −0.220 p < 0.005, r = −0.147, p < 0.005). The videos narrated by nurses and doctors had significantly higher mean JAMA and GQS scores than others (p = 0.001). The videos missed some procedural steps [gargling (29.1%), adding no more than five ml of medication and device cleaning (41.9%), and exhaling through the nose (37.5%)]. Videos uploaded by individual missed significantly more procedural steps than professional organizations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: YouTube videos about inhaler techniques have a moderate level of quality. Videos uploaded by doctors and nurses as content narrators were of higher quality. The videos missed some procedural steps. Individual video uploaders had higher missed procedural steps. Counseling should be provided to patients regarding the reliability of online information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hossein Ibn Mansour Hallaj is one of the fascinating mystics of the 3rd century of Hijri, who used language as a container to express his passionate situations and strong emotional emotions, and in every place of his works, he constantly speaks, observes and sees the essence of God and the manifestation of God's attributes and essence in the world of speech. Since he was mostly influenced by his spiritual and inner feelings and emotions and most of his works are considered to be deconstructive texts, in this research, in a descriptive-analytical way, the characteristics of the defeated word in terms of the structure and content of his collection of works have been examined and an attempt has been made to answer the main question, which factors and elements were effective in the defeat of his words? Due to the predominance of emotional emotions, the main features of a defeated text such as: ambiguity, interpretability, receiving inspiration and revelation and observation are reflected in her works. Also, the language, imagination and images in it have found a completely personal aspect in accordance with the pure mystical experiences. In order to express his situation, which is beyond the level of normal perception and ordinary experiences, Hallaj resorted to the metaphorical pole of language and with the help of simile, metaphor and code, he embodied his purest personal and intuitive experiences and mystical concepts and He has depicted his inner perceptions taken from the sacred world through sensory and tangible images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symbolism is the art of expressing poetic thoughts and emotions not through open expression, nor through the obvious comparison of those thoughts and emotions to concrete and objective images, but through the subtle hint of special words to create those emotions and thoughts in the reader's mind. In this research, the review and content analysis of the poetic flow of the symbolism of the third generation of poetry after Nima, such as Mohammad Ali Sepanlou, Mansour Ouji, Ali Babachahi and Seyed Ali Salehi, has been investigated and analyzed. The method of discussion and analysis in this research is based and emphasized on the main characteristics of poetry and the attitude of poets, and the quality of symbolization and the formation of symbolic expression of each poet has been analyzed and investigated in accordance with his mental characteristics and special worldview. The research method is analytical-descriptive and based on library sources and poetic works of the discussed poets, and the results show that the symbolism of the third-generation poets after Nima is conscious and is done in order to strengthen the content of the poem and has meaning in terms of structure. The generation has been more limited to the previous periods. Also, the variety of historical and mythological symbols, social, natural, animal symbols and religious and religious symbols show the mastery of the poets in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Teaching language has challenges for many reasons, including learners’ backgrounds, learning styles, motivation, and socio-economic status. However, EFL students can benefit from differentiation across the learning continuum to a large extent. This study investigated Afghan EFL learners’ perceptions of differentiated instruction and the factors that contributed to catering to their needs. This study revolved around five main elements of differentiated instruction: learning environment, content, process, product, and assessment. In this study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 102 EFL students at Herat University, Afghanistan, to record their perceptions of differentiated instruction in their classes. Three teachers of the English department at the same university were also interviewed to understand their experiences implementing differentiated instruction and identify their tensions. Data from the survey and interviews highlight that while DI requires significant teacher commitment and time, properly designed classes catering to learner specifics can enhance efficiency and be reused in future heterogeneous settings. The study’s results suggested that it is practical to implement differentiated instruction in mixed-level, large, heterogeneous classrooms.

This article examines the impact of content personalization on customer engagement in the Algerian e-commerce sector. By analyzing data from 70 e-commerce stores operating in Algeria between January 12, 2023, and October 10, 2023, the study highlights the importance of personalization strategies in enhancing customer experiences and driving sales. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data analysis of website metrics with qualitative insights from customer surveys, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of personalization. The findings reveal a growing adoption of data collection methods, particularly website analytics (86%) and customer surveys (75%), which reflect a heightened awareness among Algerian e-commerce businesses of the need to track and analyze customer behavior. The research identifies a higher-than-average bounce rate (32%) compared to global standards (26%), suggesting technical and behavioral challenges that affect customer retention. Similarly, the average click-through rate for Algerian e-commerce websites (2.5%) is slightly below the global average (3%), indicating a need for building trust and credibility in the online shopping environment. The study underscores the significance of addressing these challenges by improving website performance, simplifying payment processes, and leveraging direct customer feedback to align offerings with customer preferences. Personalized content, derived from robust data analysis, is shown to enhance engagement by creating relevant and meaningful customer experience. The article provides valuable insights into the Algerian e-commerce market, outlining both opportunities and challenges. The emphasis on personalization, trust-building, and a customer-centric approach is critical for businesses aiming to thrive in this evolving landscape.

This study investigated the experiences and histories of two teachers of both language and content classes to undergraduate students in Japanese universities, one a British anglophone speaker and the other a Japanese national. In Japan, with the spread of English-medium instruction (EMI) courses, issues of language use have stimulated much debate. As teachers of both English and applied linguistics, through a collaborative autoethnographic (CAE) approach, we explored issues of shuttling between Japanese and English, and of content acquired in both languages. Our findings revealed the nature of our translanguaging practices and related them to our epistemic beliefs and study histories abroad, noting the influence of those experiences and differing student attitudes towards our relative status as English speakers. Conclusions pointed to the benefits of the research methodology of CAE to co-construct our narratives and unpack how our personal backgrounds intersected with our current EMI pedagogies. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

This research urgently addresses the need to understand and manage viewer interactions with culturally significant video content, particularly the Rambu Solo ritual. By integrating the Digital Content Reviews and Analysis Framework with sentiment classification performance, toxicity score evaluation, and content analysis, the study systematically analyzed 21,562 posts across four videos, revealing critical themes related to cultural preservation and tourism impact that shaped viewer perceptions. Sentiment and toxicity evaluations of 15,762 posts showed an average toxicity score of 0.068, with a peak of 0.85174. Sentiment classification, using algorithms like SVM, k-NN, NBC, and DT, highlighted the superior performance of SVM enhanced by SMOTE, with an accuracy of 81.97%. However, the study identified limitations in automated sentiment analysis tools, noting that they may not fully capture the complexities of human expression. This research recommends incorporating advanced natural language processing techniques and multimodal analysis within the framework. This comprehensive methodology offers essential insights into the intersection of culture, tourism, and digital media, emphasizing the importance of creating and managing content that respects and promotes cultural heritage in the digital age. The findings are crucial for developing more effective strategies for digital content creation and community engagement, ensuring that cultural narratives are presented thoughtfully and respectfully to global audiences.

Travelogues are valuable artifacts that provide firsthand accounts of historical, social, cultural, religious, and literary events. They offer a comprehensive perspective for examination from multiple angles. In ancient Persian literature, travel writing has a rich historical tradition. Approximately a millennium has elapsed since the composition of Nasser Khosrow's travelogue. Subsequently, several travelogues have been authored, serving as compelling evidence of the authors' meticulousness and the audience's profound fascination with this genre of literature. During the Qajar dynasty, travelogue writing played a significant role. Travelogue writing has never been as popular as it is in today's age. Each author in these travelogues examined travel concerns and events from a distinct perspective, focusing on particular aspects. During the Qajar era, the proliferation of this genre of literature led several intellectuals to use travelogues as a means of disseminating information and documenting historical occurrences. The present research has focused on extracting and analyzing prevalent topics and themes in travelogues from this era. To achieve this, we have carefully chosen a selection of significant and comprehensive travelogues from this time period. After a thorough examination of their content, we identified the shared characteristics and themes present in these travelogues. Surveys indicate that these subjects are prevalent in the majority of trip narratives: 1. Worship and adoration of God 2. Explanation 3. Evaluation 4. Inconsistency 5. Providing insufficient information 6. Describing the present circumstances and articulating spiritual states 7. Remorse for one's native land.1. IntroductionA travelogue is a form of written account where the author provides a detailed description of their observations regarding the state of the cities or territories they have visited. These sightings and hearings encompass a variety of factors, including geographical location, weather conditions, population demographics, spoken language, religious beliefs, national and religious customs, esteemed elders, and renowned personalities. Furthermore, the author delineates the cities, structures, thoroughfares, marvels, and other elements, furnishing the readers with pertinent details.Within ancient Persian literature, travel writing has a rich historical tradition. Approximately a millennium has elapsed since the composition of Nasser Khosrow's travelogue. Since then, authors have penned several travelogues, demonstrating their meticulousness and the audience's profound fascination with this literary form.An examination of the historical origins of travelogues in Iran reveals their ancient nature in comparison to other forms of literature. To document the history of travelogue writing and the origins of tourism in ancient Iran, it is necessary to delve into the pre-settlement era of Iranians. Historical evidence indicates that there was a longstanding exchange between tribes on this plateau prior to the establishment of Iranian settlements. Following the Mongol invasion, traditional travel writing experienced a decline. However, with the restoration of Iran's governmental unity during the Safavid era, European visitors produced a multitude of travelogues documenting their journeys to Iran.Travelogue writing gained prominence during the Qajar era. This was primarily due to the political ties with Europe and the prevailing political, social, and economic circumstances that compelled people to leave their homeland. In response to these conditions, the written format of travelogues became widespread.This research aims to analyze and investigate the travelogues of this era from multiple perspectives, including literary, sociological, and historical. However, the primary objective, as perceived by the author, is to examine the content and identify recurring themes in these travelogues.2. Literature ReviewThe study of travelogues has been the subject of numerous publications, including books, articles, and research papers. A few examples are included below:Fouad Farooqi's book "Survey in Travelogues" (1361) is an exceptionally detailed work on travelogues.In his work "Travellers of History: A Review of the History of Travel and Tourism in Iran," Masoud Nourbakhsh thoroughly examines the history of travel and travel literature."From biography writing to narrative writing (2015)" by Qudsieh Rizvanian is a notable contribution to the subject of travel literature. In this book, the author provides comprehensive definitions of travel, travel writing, travel literature, and many genres of travel."Gholamhossein Yousefi's book "Deidari ba Ahl al-Qalam" (1367) includes an item named "Siri Dar Afaq" that delves into the genre of travelogue and travelogue writing.In his 2003 work "Haj Sayah's Travelogue," Mansour Tharwat analyzes the traveler's account in terms of its reporting methodology, significant aspects, unique observations, and literary style.3. MethodologyThis study uses content analysis to investigate writings from the Qajar period, utilizing available materials in libraries. The research focuses on analyzing a significant number of travelogues from this era, paying particular attention to identifying similar content traits.4. ConclusionAfter analyzing the travelogues from the Qajar era, it becomes apparent that the majority of these travelogues share common themes. These themes include description, criticism, contradictions, providing partial information, conveying personal situations, and expressing loss for one's nation.The authors of these travelogues meticulously documented the daily occurrences and provided concise depictions of every individual, location, mode of transportation, city, and residence they encountered.Tourists predominantly discussed the positive aspects of Westerners' lifestyles and openly expressed their love for these phenomena, while unfavorable and critical depictions were also present in these travelogues.The perception and reputation of these trip writers from the Western region were not entirely consistent, and they exhibited varied responses in this matter. The fluctuations in circumstances have been influenced by things such as employment, education, and the desire to explore new places.The advancements made by the Westerners greatly affected the trip writers and captured their attention.Travel writers have often expressed a strong desire for the lifestyle and opportunities available in the West while also feeling sorry for the state of their own hometown. Travel writers who transitioned from an underdeveloped nation to an emerging nation were unable to conceal their astonishment and reverence for the remarkable occurrences and industries they encountered in the Western world.

Abstract Background The internet is a common source of health information for patients and caregivers. To date, content and information quality of YouTube videos on sarcoidosis has not been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate the content and quality of information on sarcoidosis provided by YouTube videos. Methods Of the first 200 results under the search term “sarcoidosis,” all English-language videos with content directed at patients were included. Two independent investigators assessed the content of the videos based on 25 predefined key features (content score with 0–25 points), as well as reliability and quality (HONCode score with 0–8 points, DISCERN score with 1–5 points). Misinformation contained in the videos was described qualitatively. Results The majority of the 85 included videos were from an academic or governmental source (n = 63, 74%), and median time since upload was 33 months (IQR 10–55). Median video duration was 8 min (IQR 3–13) and had a median of 2,044 views (IQR 504 − 13,203). Quality assessment suggested partially sufficient information: mean HONCode score was 4.4 (SD 0.9) with 91% of videos having a medium quality HONCode evaluation. Mean DISCERN score was 2.3 (SD 0.5). Video content was generally poor with a mean of 10.5 points (SD 0.6). Frequently absent key features included information on the course of disease (6%), presence of substantial geographical variation (7%), and importance of screening for extrapulmonary manifestations (11%). HONCode scores were higher in videos from academic or governmental sources (p = 0.003), particularly regarding “transparency of sponsorship” (p

To investigate the impact of limestone powder on the chloride ion concentration coefficient of cement pastes, various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mercury-porosimetry (MIP) were employed in this paper. The findings demonstrate that the creation of Friedel's salt is inversely associated with the addition of limestone powder, that is, Friedel's salt production is lessened by adding more limestone powder, however, the coefficient of chloride ion concentration initially decreased and then increased again, as does the porosity, and most likely the pore size as well. The specific surface area of limestone powder has increased, and the content of Friedel's salt increased first and then decreased. However, the shifting trend of Friedel's salt and chloride ion concentration coefficient is in direct opposition, and the pore structure was therefore significantly enhanced. The results of this study offer robust theoretical backing for the inclusion of limestone powder in concrete and provide a positive assessment of its potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article makes a case for examining dying person's visions during wakefulness and their dreams during sleep as separate and unique phenomena. The reason being that the mode of experience, for example, being visited by a deceased loved one while awake and conscious vs having a deceased loved one appear in a dream while asleep, may have a different impact on the dying person. A better understanding of the content and impact of waking visions and sleeping dreams, respectively, may be beneficial to both dying persons and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae, compared to macroalgae, exhibit advantages such as rapid growth rates, feasible large-scale cultivation, and high fucoxanthin content. Among these microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum emerges as an optimal source for fucoxanthin production. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on fucoxanthin production using Phaeodactylum tricornutum from 2012 to 2022, offering detailed insights into various aspects, including strain selection, media optimization, nutritional requirements, lighting conditions, cell harvesting techniques, extraction solvents, extraction methodologies, as well as downstream separation and purification processes. Additionally, an economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of fucoxanthin production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a comparative perspective to astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. Lastly, this paper discusses the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, producers, and industry managers seeking to further advance this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La legislación es el eje vertebrador de la política educativa. En función de lo que estipule la normativa educativa se aplicarán unos principios u otros. Este trabajo de investigación emplea un diseño cualitativo, basado en el análisis de contenido de la normativa vigente en España, en materia educativa. Para ello se han seleccionado todas las leyes orgánicas, ordinarias, decretos legislativos, decretos-ley y órdenes ministeriales que afecten total o parcialmente al sistema educativo español. Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación ponen de relieve, por un lado, que el sistema de evaluación educativa ha evolucionado de una evaluación centrada en los conocimientos teóricos a una evaluación centrada en las competencias que el alumnado ha de adquirir en cada etapa educativa; y, por otro lado, que existe una excesiva producción normativa en el campo educativo español, lo que provoca alteraciones en los diferentes subsistemas que conforman el sistema educativo Abstract Legislation is the backbone of education policy. Depending on what the educational regulations stipulate, certain principles will be applied. This research work uses a qualitative design, based on a content analysis of the current legislation in force in Spain in the field of education. For this purpose, all the organic and ordinary laws, legislative decrees, decree-laws and ministerial orders that totally or partially affect the Spanish education system have been selected. The main findings of this research highlight, on the one hand, that the educational assessment system has evolved from an assessment centred on theoretical knowledge to an assessment centred on the competences that students must acquire at each educational stage; and, on the other hand, that there is an excessive production of regulations in the Spanish educational field, which causes alterations in the different subsystems that make up the educational system

Social media marketing presents its prospects to engage in direct communication with customers, increase brand recognition, increase customer loyalty, and increase sales. Social media platforms offer a wide array of data and analytics that can help brands understand user behavior, tendencies, and needs. Social media allows students to access a wide range of social networking sites at less cost (time and effort) to develop and maintain existing relationships. The practice of social channels of student takeovers is becoming more popular and has increased by 11% since 2017. The purpose of this study was to analyze the activity and content in Instagram social media managed by Universitas Terbuka regional offices located on Sulawesi Island. Socialbakers' professional social media analytics tool is used to monitor the social media activity of selected Instagram accounts and collect data for analysis. The data analyzed includes the content of the selected post and user interaction with the post. Among all Instagram accounts owned by UT in Sulawesi, Makassar has the highest number of followers and vice versa UT Gorontalo has the lowest number of followers, the highest engagement rate is achieved by UT Kendari with an engagement rate of 3.61%. UT Gorontalo creates interactive content on their Instagram page by doing regular Instagram live to interact with their audience, thus allowing the audience to ask questions directly to the host. The landing page was created specifically to receive traffic from campaigns among all UT Sulawesi only UT Majene has attractive images on their landing page

Abstract Background To ensure a safe patient discharge from hospital it is necessary to transfer all relevant information in a discharge summary (DS). The aim of this study was to evaluate a bundle of measures to improve the DS for physicians, nurses and patients. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, four different versions of DS (2 original, 2 revised) were tested with physicians, nurses and patients. We used an evaluation sheet (Case report form, CRF) with a 6-point Likert scale (1 = completely agree; 6 = strongly disagree). Results In total, 441 participants (physicians n = 146, nurses n = 140, patients n = 155) were included in the study. Overall, the two revised DS received significant better ratings than the original DS (original 2.8 ± 0.8 vs. revised 2.1 ± 0.9, p

A HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of euscaphic acid, 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, oleanic acid, and ursolic acid in Malus doumeri fruits. Analyses were conducted on the distribution and content of these six triterpenic acids in Malus doumeri fruits from six producing areas in Guangxi. Using gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, a Diamonsil C18 (2) column was used with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution/methanol (v/v). The detection wavelength was 210 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The results showed that the mass concentrations of the six triterpenic acids had a good linear relationship with the chromatographic peak areas in the linear range. The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9990, the detection limits were within 0.46~2.00 μg/mL, the lower quantitation limits were within 1.53~6.67 μg/mL, the coefficients of variation were less than 5.0%, and the recovery percentages were within 99.2%~101.3%. Six samples from different production areas contained six triterpenic acids (euscaphic acid, 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, oleanic acid, and ursolic acid). Each of the six triterpenic acids was a pentacyclic triterpenic acid. Among the six triterpenic acids, euscaphic acid and 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid were first detected in Malus doumeri fruits. Ursolic acid, euscaphic acid, and 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid were predominant, accounting for 71.82%~81.38% of the total triterpenic acids. The total triterpenic acids content ranged from 808.74 to 1090.75 μg/g FM. The total triterpenic acids content of fruits from Liujiang district of Liuzhou and Pingle of Guilin were relatively high, reaching 1090.75 μg/g FM and 1045.20 μg/g FM, respectively. Overall, this study's HPLC method can detect the triterpenic acids content of Malus doumeri fruits and provide scientific references for the quality evaluation of Malus doumeri fruit's raw materials and products.

This study aims to reveal the content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education. This research is development research applying the ADDIE model from Molenda. The indicators evaluated consist of context, inputs, processes, and products. The sample consisted of 1200 students from eight faculties, each represented by three study programs. Data analysis uses three stages: content validity test analysis using the V -Aiken method involving six panellists or experts; construct validity test using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Quantitative descriptive analysis and interpretive qualitative analysis used the Miles and Huberman method. The results showed that the developed evaluation instrument had good proof of the validity of the content, with an average V-Aiken score of 0.752, which was in the high category. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta's evaluation instrument, which was developed through the instrument, already meets the validity of an exemplary construct of a good loading factor value ( 0.3). It has a composite reliability score above 0.7 and Cronbach's alpha above 0.6. The analysis results show that all empirical test criteria indicate the data is fit against the developed model.

In the ever-evolving landscape of digital marketing, the role of social media in shaping effective communication strategies is paramount. This research paper delves into the world of data-driven insights to examine how social media channels contribute to the success of digital communication efforts. This paper focuses on exploring the multifaceted aspects of social media's impact on brand visibility, engagement, and customer interaction. The data was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics while Analysis of Variance was used to establish associations between variables. The study revealed that major factors influencing the social media's effectiveness in digital communication are Content, Customer Interaction and Social Media metrics. As a result of comprehensive analysis, this research paper not only provides valuable insights into the current state of social media's effective-ness in digital communication but also offers practical recommendations for businesses looking to optimize their social media strategies. In an era where data reigns supreme, this research findings serve as a guide for harnessing the power of social media as a dynamic and influential tool in the digital communication arsenal.

In today's digital world, understanding how YouTube's recommendation systems guide what we watch is crucial. This study dives into these systems, revealing how they influence the content we see over time. We found that YouTube's algorithms tend to push content in certain directions, affecting the variety and type of videos recommended to viewers. To uncover these patterns, we used a mixed methods approach to analyze videos recommended by YouTube. We looked at the emotions conveyed in videos, the moral messages they might carry, and whether they contained harmful content. Our research also involved statistical analysis to detect biases in how these videos are recommended and network analysis to see how certain videos become more influential than others. Our findings show that YouTube's algorithms can lead to a narrowing of the content landscape, limiting the diversity of what gets recommended. This has important implications for how information is spread and consumed online, suggesting a need for more transparency and fairness in how these algorithms work. In summary, this paper highlights the need for a more inclusive approach to how digital platforms recommend content. By better understanding the impact of YouTube's algorithms, we can work towards creating a digital space that offers a wider range of perspectives and voices, affording fairness, and enriching everyone's online experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mind wandering (MW) among athletes during training and competition can lead to poor performance. However, MW has also been found to have positive effects. This study aims to clarify the causes of the bidirectional (negative and positive) effects of MW in the sports context, specifically focusing on whether these effects are related to the content of MW. Methods: A total of 846 Chinese athletes completed the Chinese version of the MW scales. The survey data were tested for common method biases. Subsequently, Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.0. Results: The frequency of MWcan positively predict its bidirectional effects. MW content plays an important role in the relationships between MW frequency and its negative and positive effects, but the direction of influence varies depending on the content. Conclusion: MW in sports is not always harmful, and its content plays an important role. These findings suggest that managing MW content may be a promising MW intervention method for improving performance in sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of tele-technology for monitoring symptoms, functional parameters, and quality-of-life of people with asthma is essential. Delivering this information among patients is mandated for a better outcome and made possible via patient education (PE). This review aims to summarize the types of telerehabilitation modalities, dosage, and outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of PE among people with asthma. We adopted a scoping review methodology. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the data. The Preferred Reporting System for Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was followed during the review process. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched, with 34 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Results are presented in three themes: telerehabilitation platforms used to deliver PE among patients with asthma; content, duration, and frequency of the PE administered; and patient-reported outcome measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of PE. This scoping study detailed the types of telerehabilitation modalities, dosage, and outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of PE in people with asthma. This review will be especially beneficial to those considering where additional research or implementation of telerehabilitation for asthma patients is required. The studies emphasized the involvement of several healthcare experts, emphasizing the significance of a multidisciplinary approach to efficient PE delivery and possible improvements in asthma management through telerehabilitation. Although a range of telerehabilitation platforms were generally accepted, hybrid models that integrate online and in-person sessions could further enhance patient satisfaction and quality-of-life. Comprehensive economic analyses are also required, and solving technology issues is essential to maximizing the efficacy of these initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This critical/creative essay takes the form of an imagined letter to my students. It suggests that in the online age we have come to see writing as angelic communion: intuitive, instantaneous, unmediated. Words hang briefly in the air as a discardable conveyance for shifting thought from one brain to another. Reading is a matter of swiping, skimming and scrolling, on touchscreens tailor-made for the smooth ingestion of content, which is what words have become in the age of big data. I urge my students to think instead of writing as embodied – something inseparable from that granular, glitch-ridden singularity, a human being. Because we are not angels, who are already word perfect, the right words only come to us at the end of long, unexciting work. Words fail us, or we fail them, but the failure is salutary and, in the end, a blessing. It teaches us to accept the otherness and unreadability of others. The letter form, a relic of the analogue age, concedes this inevitable distance between writer and reader, and the failure of writing to entirely bridge it. The letter writer must communicate imperfectly like a human being, not perfectly like an angel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of comic skits on Nigeria's social media warrants the need to study the form and content of these pieces. This qualitative study examined the comic skits of Nigerian comedians: Taaooma, Mark Angel, Sabinus, and Bello Galadanchi. It employed Achille Mbembe's 'Theory of Postcolony', as its theoretical framework and Netnography as its methodology, and revealed that the skits tackle the themes of gender roles, lingering effects of colonialism, social inequalities, religion, and corruption. Laughter becomes a tool for navigating power structures, critiquing social norms, and expressing discontent within a postcolonial context. The skits leverage short format (51s–4min) ideal for social media, employ slapstick, simple dialogue, visuals (clothing, facial expressions), cross-dressing (Taaooma) and single-actor portrayals of multiple roles (Taaooma, Galadanchi). Languages used include English, Nigerian Pidgin, and indigenous languages, accompanied by subtitles for wider accessibility. While sound effects punctuate jokes, heighten reactions, and establish mood, most of the skits follow the structure of Introduction, Rising Action, Climax, and Resolution. Social media comments indicated that the skits resonated with viewers, highlighting the popularity of certain skit makers across demographics and transnationally, implying a cross-cultural comic appeal, and the internet serving as a pan-African tool for sharing local culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics is a fundamental subject with wide-reaching importance in education, providing students with the tools to apply mathematical principles in diverse contexts. This study examines the abilities of 60 pre-service mathematics teachers (PSTs) in identifying content and context within mathematical word problems. Utilizing a case study approach, the study employed the mathematics word problems test and the content and context questionnaire. The findings reveal that PSTs generally struggle with error detection and content comprehension in mathematical word problems, as demonstrated by their inability to recognize inaccuracies in two of three test questions. The failure of PSTs to identify errors in mathematical word problems often stems from their tendency to rely solely on the solutions they obtain, without first understanding the entire question presented. In essence, they may focus on finding a solution rather than critically evaluating the problem, which can lead to the oversight of errors or inaccuracies within the problem statement itself. This study emphasizes the need for PSTs to grasp mathematical concepts and contextualize them in everyday life scenarios. Challenges were observed in linking computational results to real-world contexts. Thus, the study calls for future research in pre-service teacher education to explore strategies for enhancing critical thinking, error detection, and the integration of practical context in mathematical problemsolving. Furthermore, the study suggests that assessing the ability of PSTs to formulate problem-solving questions evaluates their capacity to answer questions and their ability to construct questions that can enhance students’ cognitive abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the intricate dynamics of digital marketing and its impact on students' decisions when choosing a college for higher education. Employing a quantitate approach data was collected from a diverse group of students. The primary factors under scrutiny include online presence, content personalization, social media engagement, trust-building techniques, and the overall effectiveness of digital advertising campaigns. The study acknowledges potential limitations, such as self-reporting biases and external influences. This study will provide higher education institutions with practical insights to enhance their digital marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To ensure a safe patient discharge from hospital it is necessary to transfer all relevant information in a discharge summary (DS). The aim of this study was to evaluate a bundle of measures to improve the DS for physicians, nurses and patients. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, four different versions of DS (2 original, 2 revised) were tested with physicians, nurses and patients. We used an evaluation sheet (Case report form, CRF) with a 6-point Likert scale (1 = completely agree; 6 = strongly disagree). Results: In total, 441 participants (physicians n = 146, nurses n = 140, patients n = 155) were included in the study. Overall, the two revised DS received significant better ratings than the original DS (original 2.8 ± 0.8 vs. revised 2.1 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). Detailed results for the main domains are structured DS (original 1.9 ± 0.9 vs. revised 2.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.015), content (original 2.7 ± 0.9 vs revised 2.0 ± 0.9, p < 0.001) and comprehensibility (original 3.8 ± 1.2vs. revised 2.3 ± 1.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion: With simple measures like avoiding abbreviations and describing indications or therapies with fixed contents, the DS can be significantly improved for physicians, nurses and patients at the same time. Trial registration: First registration 13/11/2020 NCT04628728 at www.clinicaltrials.gov, Update 15/03/2023. Key messages: 1. To ensure a safe patient discharge from hospital it is necessary to transfer all relevant information in a discharge summary (DS). 2. Several issues related to the medical DS have already been identified delayed transmission of the DS to the subsequently treating physician and others, low quality or lack of information, lack of consistent formats, lack of patient understanding, and inadequate training for medical students in writing medical DS. 3. It would also be necessary that the patients understand the DS; - or at least receive therapeutically relevant care information in form of a patient-directed DS. 4. With simple measures like avoiding abbreviations and describing fixed content, the DS can be significantly improved for patients, physicians, and nurses at the same time. 5. The DS should become a patient‐centred tool ensuring that improved communication and understanding between healthcare professionals, patients and relatives succeeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively investigate the materials of the informational and communicative content of the Internet site and Facebook page of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art and to reveal the essential aspects of the use of social networks in the conditions of a full-scale invasion as an effective tool for the presentation and popularisation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia as a region of Central Ukraine. The research methodology consists of general scientific and specific cultural approaches, principles and methods of scientific knowledge. The systemic-structural approach was applied to the study of the organisational and methodological activities of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art, aimed at popularising the intangible cultural heritage of the region. The internal connections and interaction of various components of the cultural and educational activity of the Centre for Cultural and Educational Activities, aimed at the presentation and popularisation of intangible cultural heritage in the conditions of a full-scale invasion, are revealed by the results of monitoring the materials of the Internet pages of the Centre (the Internet site and Facebook pages). Formal and comparative methods were used to analyse the institutional features of work in the Vinnytsia region as a region of Central Ukraine. The method of content analysis was used to generalise the publications of the Internet site and the information of the Facebook page of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art, dedicated to the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia, contributed to the objective determination of the main thematic trends related to the investigated problem. The scientific novelty consists in substantiating, revealing and proving the effectiveness of the use of social networks as a really effective tool for expanding the role of regional centres of folk creativity in the presentation and popularisation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia in the information field, in particular in the conditions of a full-scale invasion. On the basis of a practical study of the materials of the informational and communicative content of the Internet site and Facebook page of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art, the traditional culture of Vinnytsia, which contains a preserved living folk artistic culture with a classical / traditional folklore paradigm. The interaction of the Vinnytsia regional centre of folk creativity with institutions, cultural institutions and the external environment in the matter of preservation and popularisation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia region was revealed. Conclusions. Summarising the positive experience on the materials of the information and communication content of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art (website and Facebook page) demonstrated concrete achievements in the presentation, popularisation and preservation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia in the conditions of a full-scale invasion. It is argued that the digital representation of the content of the intangible cultural heritage of the regions of Ukraine, in particular Central Ukraine, in social networks is a really effective tool for popularising the intangible cultural heritage in the information field. It is concluded that the traditional culture of Vinnytsia contains a preserved living folk artistic culture with a classical / traditional folklore paradigm. It was noted that the employees of centres of folk creativity need to have the skills to work in the spheres of SEO and SMM, which requires constant improvement of professional qualifications and stimulation of scientific and creative approaches in this direction and is a continuously relevant requirement of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Media centralism and the lack of attention to the preferences and demands of local audiences is an obvious reality that must be faced by those who live outside large cities and capitals, understanding that there are audiences that demand local content, but that must settle for a programming produced from and for the capital, even more so when it comes to the Chilean television system. This article characterizes the tensions of local audiences in northern Chile in relation to their local television, also called proximity. Materials and methods: The study carried out a qualitative methodology, since it seeks to understand human behavior in a given territory and historical moment. The data collection was carried out using the technique of focus groups in order to explain and deepen the situations of people as local audiences and their feelings and thoughts on various problems. The focus groups discussed their local television and their link with national television considering the informational centralism and political centralism within the Coquimbo Region. The sample corresponds to the audience of cities belonging to urban and rural communes of the Coquimbo Region, in Chile, where there are local television media and that have declared their intention to migrate to digital television. The cities that are part of the study are: Andacollo, La Serena, Los Vilos, Illapel and Salamanca. For recruitment, the snowball method was used, with a total of 52 participants. All the participants were over 18 years of age with a residence of more than 10 years in the city. There was gender balance. Six focus groups were held in neighborhood offices in each city. The sessions were recorded and later transcribed, being systematized using the Atlas.ti software, version 9. Resulted: The results are described through three categories of analysis, regarding the opinions of the audiences: 1) Local information 2) National television: positive and negative aspects and 3) Information centralism and media demands. 1) Local information as a center of interest: Audiences place local news among their preferences. In each focus group, the informative genre of these media was highly valued and required. It represents a fundamental demand when evaluating local television positively. 2) Link with national television coverage: Along with the preference for local news, there is also an unfavorable opinion towards national news and towards the journalistic routines of the capital television stations whose coverage privileges the events that occurred in the Metropolitan Region in the information guidelines, often falling into sensationalism, especially when it comes to police court facts. 3) Information centralism and media demands: in the opinion of the participants, the tensions between the local and the capital are not only appreciated at the country level, but also between regional capitals, provinces and communes, following the political-administrative division of Chile. Conclusions: Regarding the characteristics of local television consumption, a first conclusion was the confirmation of the interest and consumption of local audiences in content that addresses issues related to their environment, an issue that is in line with previous studies on communication and local television. Similar to national television consumption, local news represented the preferred content. If there is a fire or a traffic accident in the city, audiences want to see it on their local television and, hopefully, live or as instantly as possible. This is informative content that does not compete in any case with national television, as it deals with local news events. Unless something out of the ordinary happens, whose connotation is national and in this case -the fewest times-the city, province or region makes news and appears nationally. A very important link was detected between local audiences with their own territories. The link was verified through two factors: a) the expectations of seeing local content not only on themes about their cities, but also from geographically broader places, such as communes, provinces or the Coquimbo Region itself; b) a large part of the social demands that underlie the opinions of the audiences surround feelings of belonging, desire for decentralization and local development. The need for representation of local audiences is verified, that is, seeing their territories on the screen, feeling reflected on national TV through their cultural, territorial, geographical, touristic, or other particularities is the cause that is associated Local (non-capital) audiences are part of a marginalized sector from a political and economic point of view. In this sense, there is a glimpse of a disconnection between the political/public world that promotes actions that should benefit the community, but that fail to reach potential users in a good way. In the same line of discussion, social demands for access to public information that benefits them and brings them closer to local political actors are detected. Know and understand the territorial public policies that result in a better quality of life. These social/political demands are intermingled with the media needs that could be channeled into more spaces to debate, talk and express their opinions to participate in the local public debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representationalists hold that perceptual experience is a conscious representational state with content, something which is accurate or inaccurate in certain conditions. The most common version of Representationalism takes perceptual content to be singular in the object-place and otherwise consisting of attribution of properties (Singularism/Attributionism). Schellenberg has recently developed a version on which perceptual content is singular even in the property-place in containing a de re mode of presentation of a property-instance (Particularism). In this paper, I show that Particularism faces a version of the problem of the Unity of Perceptual Content. Namely, its supporters haven't told us how objects can be bound together with property-instances into a content such that it represents them and has accuracy-conditions. Furthermore, I argue that Particularists face an in-principle obstacle in solving it. In contrast, Attributionists can solve the problem and that establishes their view as the only game in town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representationalism about consciousness is the view that the phenomenal character of an experience supervenes on the content of that experience. Much of the literature on representationalism concerns putative objections and replies, rather than clarifying the details of the view itself. Defenders of representationalism face a question which has thus far been largely overlooked: what, precisely, is the relationship between phenomenal character and content? The representationalist has three options: mere supervenience, building or metaphysical dependence, or identity. After examining a number of versions of the first two views, I conclude that they all face serious metaphysical difficulties. I argue instead that this relationship is identity, despite the fact that identifying content and phenomenal character requires revising our view of the content of experiences. Identifying content and phenomenal character strengthens the dialectical position of representationalists by providing them with better responses to anti-representationalist objections. In closing, I show how we can accept the implications of this revisionary view of perceptual content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Masnavi Manavi written by Jalaleddin Mohammad Balkhi (Rumi) is one of the most prominent mystical works in Persian literature. This book has been and is influential; consequently, the readers' needs have been and are subject to many descriptions in different languages. Purpose: Assessing and analyzing the method and the content of descriptions of Masnavi are considered the most important study subjects in searching the works of MowlaviAnalyzing the affectivity of the available descriptions would demonstrate the significance and stance of such works in the field of writing description. The description of Mostafa Ibn Shaban Soruri on the subject here is considered one the most complete and the oldest in Asia Minor in Persian. Regarding the antiquity and the description language of Soruri, it is essential to specify the rate of its affectivity in the process of writing a description. The objective here is to find the extent of the oldest Persian descriptions of Masnavi by comparing Soruri's description with Javaherolasrar and Zavaherolanvar by Kharazmi. Results: The results of this comprehension indicate that the description of Soruri has been affected by Javaherolasrar in terms of structure and content. An important part of Kharazmi's description is included in Soruri's description without any reference, while Soruri, in his foreword claimed that he perceived this work by discovering the spirit of Mowlavi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding an artwork is essential for aesthetic experiences. But how does one form an understanding of art? To investigate this still poorly addressed process, we hypothesized that the easier a stimulus is processed (i.e., higher fluency), the easier it should be understood. We focused on artwork inherent features (i.e., style and content) and their interactions affect processing. Making use of the brightness–positivity association, the overall brightness of paintings (i.e., as stylistic feature) was manipulated to match their content (positive vs. negative). We hypothesized that a congruency of style and content would facilitate the processing of paintings resulting in a better understanding, but also, greater liking, and (exploratively) higher artistic value. Our data indicated no congruency effects between brightness and content, but that content alone was a strong predictor for art processing and—in an exploratory approach—highlighted the importance of individual differences in terms of art interest and knowledge in our sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to assess how effective information systems are, end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS) is essential. This study evaluates EUCS among 354 employees of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region's (KRI) Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Through factor analysis, the findings indicate 16-item instrument measuring five core components: content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. The results show important patterns and connections, emphasizing how important it is to improve these parts in order to increase user satisfaction. Accuracy had the highest impact on user satisfaction (Standardized Beta = 0.347, p < 0.001), and timeliness were particularly important, while format and ease of use had a direct impact on usability. This study gives useful information for improving IT infrastructure and user support. This will help the Ministry create a better, more efficient, and easier-to-use computer environment that meets the needs and expectations of the workforce. In the end, this will lead to higher productivity and user satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]