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RESUMO No período entre a publicação dos artigos escritos para o jornal O Estado de S. Paulo e a redação de Os sertões, Euclides da Cunha muda radicalmente sua opinião sobre o significado da revolta de Canudos, mas em nenhum momento, antes ou depois da publicação do livro, ele registra as razões dessa mudança ou propõe uma autocrítica a seu posicionamento anterior. O presente artigo examina esse silêncio, procurando diagnosticá-lo a partir do quadro teórico fornecido pela psicologia das massas adotada no livro, especialmente a de autoria do psiquiatra Nina Rodrigues. Sendo usada por Euclides para compreender a “loucura coletiva” que teria acometido os sertanejos, uma tal teoria psicológica, que caracteriza essa doença coletiva como contagiosa, poderá dar pistas sobre a “contaminação” do próprio autor da denúncia contra a República, explicando, ao menos em parte, sua omissão ao não se incluir entre os causadores da tragédia.

The COVID-19 pandemic constituted a radical change in people's lives. In order to identify the implications in the personal, family and social dimensions, this piece of research was conducted with a qualitative phenomenological approach. It highlights the alteration in the family dynamics to implement care measures in the coexistence with patients with COVID-19, which implied greater challenges in the cases of low-economic-income families. The impact on the physical and mental health of people who have suffered from it, and a health system that needs to be strengthened, is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oscillations within the financial market during the subprime crisis caused an increase in volatility and a fall in asset prices, in addition to increasing the degree of normal market movements. This study analyzed the contagion effect of the international financial crisis on the Brazilian stock market indices upon studying the estimated covariance patterns between the Brazilian and American stock market indices. The empirical analysis was based on the multivariate BEKK-GARCH models. The results showed that the estimation of the covariance structure between 2007 and 2010 had clear evidence of contagion in the indices investigated: Electricity (IEE), Telecommunications (ITEL), Consumption (ICON), Industrial Sector (INDX), Real Estate (IMOB), and Financial (IFNC). During the period of the international financial crisis, there was an increase in the covariance between the American and Brazilian market indices. The IMOB and IFNC indices showed the highest contagions among all the ones analyzed, reflecting the losses of the civil construction industry along with internal and external credit scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprender los patrones subyacentes de la actividad delictiva puede desempeñar un papel crucial en limitar la actividad delictiva y con ello garantizar la seguridad pública. El presente trabajo desarrolla un modelo estadístico del comportamiento de los grupos delictivos organizados en México de 2007 a 2011, que muestra la reconfiguración territorial de la actividad ilícita en enclaves de violencia. El modelo proporciona evidencia empírica de la racionalidad estratégica de los grupos criminales en la ocupación de regiones específicas del país. Para capturar estos patrones de comportamiento del crimen organizado, empleamos indicadores de correlación espacial de primer y primer orden ajustado, así como medidas de centralidad mediante nodos de redes espaciales. Las variables de red mejoran el ajuste y el poder explicativo del modelo al tener en cuenta patrones espaciales intrincados. El enfoque usado contribuye a caracterizar la violencia desde una perspectiva geográfica y trasciende la frontera entre el origen y las consecuencias de la violencia en un territorio determinado.

A pandemia de COVID-19 teve impactos profundos que desencadeou uma série de consequências que afetaram a sociedade em diversas esferas. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de graduação sobre vírus e os sintomas do COVID-19, analisar as medidas de prevenção adotadas, as sequelas mais comuns e verificar o conhecimento sobre as vacinas aprovadas. A análise foi por meio de aplicação de questionário on-line disponibilizado pelo GoogleForms. Diante da análise das respostas, maioria dos participantes são da área de Ciências Biológicas e possuem conhecimento sobre vírus. A pandemia resultou em um aumento significativo no número de internações, e a identificação precoce dos sintomas do COVID-19, como falta de ar, perda de olfato e febre, é fundamental para reduzir a disseminação do vírus e aliviar a pressão sobre o sistema de saúde. O uso de máscaras e o isolamento social foram amplamente adotados como medidas de prevenção. As sequelas mais comuns do COVID-19 foram identificadas nas áreas pulmonar, psicológica e neurológica. As vacinas desempenharam um papel importante na redução do contágio e controle da disseminação do vírus, sendo a aceitação da vacinação uma estratégia crucial no enfrentamento da COVID-19.

This document is a compilation of various academic articles and research papers that explore the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates in different countries and regions. The articles use various methodologies and approaches to analyze this relationship, including multivariate models, bivariate causality analysis, and panel data analysis. The findings of the studies are diverse, with some suggesting a significant relationship between stock prices and exchange rates, while others find limited or no relationship. The articles provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics between these two variables, but further research is needed to fully understand their relationship. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Other Modernities / Altre Modernita / Otras Modernidades / Autres Modernités is the property of Altre Modernita and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a research study conducted with babies in a Municipal Center for Early Childhood Education (CMEI) in the city of Vitória/ES, aiming to green their backyard spaces through actions that integrate nature into their daily lives, nurturing joy in their bodies. It utilizes cartography as a methodology to accompany the processes that unfold with babies in inventive learning. The argument posits that the backyard, as a practice of encounter, enables an immanent plan where the interactions with and among the babies' bodies intensify through inventive experiments that are open to endless possibilities and becomings. It emphasizes the power of collective encounters in the backyard, expanding movements in which life pulsates exuberantly in the potential of knowledge that emerges in these gatherings, as possibilities propagated through contagion to enhance experiences that transcend the concrete that surrounds them. The article concludes by affirming life within the experiences at the CMEI through actions that unleash multiplicities in nature, seeking to escape and resist everyday rigidity while fostering curricular inventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este artículo se analizan las circunstancias históricas en las cuales cambiaron, tanto el discurso médico como la atención que se daba a las personas con lepra en Puerto Rico. Se toma como punto de partida la invasión estadounidense de 1898 y su proyecto de transformación de la salud pública de la isla. Como parte de estos cambios se identifica un nuevo modelo de atención para los contagiados, basado en la idea del aislamiento. De esta manera, las autoridades sanitarias se distanciaban de la teoría de la herencia, la que se había manejado con anterioridad a esa fecha. Se argumenta que ese aislamiento fue expresión de la política colonialista del momento. Se quiere mostrar que la rigurosidad del nuevo modelo de atención transformó la vida de aquellos enfermos, los cuales pasaron de convivir con sus familias, a recluirse en un islote. Este proceso de transformación fue iniciado particularmente por los médicos del Marine Hospital Service.

Resumo A ausência de pesquisas sobre a bissexualidade no século XX somada às preocupações em torno da epidemia da AIDS possibilitou a construção de narrativas especulativas sobre a população bissexual, sendo comumente descrita como uma categoria ambígua. Mediante uma análise antropológica, propõe-se refletir sobre os complexos simbólicos que produzem a bissexualidade como uma categoria ambígua, relacionando-a com a produção discursiva sobre as ficções de contágios, essencialmente metonímicas.

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa com os bebês, realizada em um CMEI (Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil) do município de Vitória/ES e tem por objetivo verdejar os espaçostempos de seus quintais em ações que integrem a natureza em seus cotidianos, fazendo brotar alegrias no corpo. Utiliza a cartografia como metodologia para acompanhar os processos que se efetuam junto aos bebês em aprendizagens inventivas. Argumenta que o quintal, como prática do encontro, possibilita um plano imanente em que os agenciamentos dos/com os corpos dos bebês se intensifiquem por meio das experimentações inventivas abertas às infindáveis possibilidades e devires. Aposta na força do encontro coletivo junto aos quintais, fazendo expandir movimentos em que a vida pulsa de modo efusivo na potência dos saberes que surgem nesses ajuntamentos, como possibilidades propagadas por contágio a ampliar vivências que transbordam o concreto que os permeia. Conclui afirmando a vida junto às experiências no CMEI por meio de ações que fazem explodir multiplicidades junto à natureza para escapar e resistir aos endurecimentos cotidianos, movimentando invenções curriculares.

The scarce attention paid in the historiography of Chiapas to the pandemic known as "Spanish influenza", does not prevent us from recognizing its impact on human lives in the southeastern Mexican state, specifically at the end of 1918 and beginning of 1919. Given the lack of knowledge of the virus that caused the rapid deaths, at the time, the remedies known from previous influenza epidemics were used, as well as the knowledge of the few physicians who lived in Chiapas. In this sense, this article offers the extensive response of Dr. Gustavo Gómez Azcárate to the request of the state government to establish preventive measures and antidotes to face the disease. A response that is historically contextualized to understand the difficulties in dealing with a health emergency, such as the one caused by the influenza pandemic, due to the material and scientific shortcomings of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article analyzes the historical circumstances of the change in medical discourse and care given to people with leprosy in Puerto Rico. The US invasion of 1898 and its project to transform public health on the island are taken as a starting point. As part of these changes, a new care model was identified based on the idea of isolation. In this way the health authorities distanced themselves from the theory of inheritance, according to which care had been managed prior to that date. The article argues that isolation was an expression of the colonialist policy of the moment. It is evident that the rigor of the new care model transformed the lives of patients, who went from living with their families to seclusion on an islet. This process of transformation was initiated by the doctors of the Marine Hospital Service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are certain linguistic phenomena of great importance in the most current semantics whose relevance can be traced, stage by stage, from the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century. In this article we want to focus on one of them, which is essential in diachronic semantics: the change of meaning caused by the frequent contact of words in the same context. This phenomenon is behind two fundamental concepts for the stage of semantics called "historical semantics", both for the French current of this stage and for the German one: contagion, described by Michel Bréal, and consociation, described by Hans Sperber. The central part of this work is dedicated to the description of these two concepts and their immediate repercussions. However, this phenomenon begins to be treated more frequently from the moment that Stephen Ullmann includes it in his classification of semantic changes, as a previous step to the ellipsis originated by lexical combination. It is from this classification that this type of change later reaches the cognitive studies on semantic change. Along the way, the origins of the concept have been somewhat forgotten. We hope that this article will help to recover them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente estudio describe, en tiempo real la evolución de la COVID-19 en trece naciones insulares de América Central, a más de dos años del inicio de la crisis sanitaria global, causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, detectado originalmente en Wuhan, China, el 17 de diciembre de 2019. La evolución descriptiva de los casos confirmados y muertes se presenta en dos etapas: la primera al 30 de octubre de 2021 y la segunda al 08 de abril de 2022. La población estimada de estos países insulares es de 29.605.675 habitantes distribuidos en forma heterogénea, en islas con más de 10 millones de habitantes en Cuba con 11.400.000 hab, Haití y República Dominicana con 11.400.000 hab. y 10.850.000 respectivamente, ubicados en la Isla La Española. Las otras naciones insulares tienen menos de 3 millones de habitantes; entre ellos: Jamaica, Trinidad y Tobago, Granada, Santa Lucía, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, San Vicente y Granadinas, San Cristóbal y Nieves. En las tres naciones se han presentado 2.206.567 contagios confirmados con 22.472 fallecidos para una letalidad promedio de 1,02%. Los países con más contagios y muertes son Cuba y República Dominicana. Los avances en la vacunación indican que, al 08 de abril del 2022, Cuba lidera tanto en América Central Insular, así como a nivel mundial y lógicamente del continente americano.

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID-19 representa un panorama particularmente estremecedor en los adultos mayores, debido a la alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Diseñar acciones para su atención integral constituye una prioridad de la salud pública en Cuba y un poderoso instrumento para la prevención de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Diseñar acciones comunitarias e intersectoriales para la COVID-19 en el adulto mayor. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención mediante acciones comunitarias e intersectoriales para prevenir la COVID-19 en los adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio 16 del Policlínico “Guillermo Tejas Silva”, en el período de abril a diciembre del 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por 134 gerontes y la muestra de 110. Se desarrolló en tres etapas. Se evaluó el impacto de la intervención. Resultados: Predominaron las gerontes femeninas (50,9 %), las edades de 60-64 años (32,2 %) y los independientes activos (45,5 %). Con la aplicación de la estrategia se aumentó el nivel de conocimiento de los seniles (91,8 %), se controló el 100 % de las enfermedades, se redujeron los trastornos emocionales en un 78,4 % y se diseñaron 185 acciones comunitarias para prevenir la COVID-19 en el adulto mayor. Conclusiones: La sostenibilidad en el control de la COVID -19 en el adulto mayor requiere de la movilización y participación de todos los sectores de la sociedad y la economía, unidos en un esfuerzo conjunto que sustente las acciones comunitarias.

Objectives: The objective of this research was to demonstrate the evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak in Ecuador and South America during the first eight months after the start of the pandemic in the region. Methodology: In Ecuador, data from the Civil Registry, COVID-19 Ec and Ecuador were used in figures regarding the number of deaths, available beds, and infections of health personnel. The population data was obtained from the UN projection for the year 2020, and for the daily contagion reports, the source Our World in Data was used. The graphs were made in Google Drive spreadsheets. Results: The impact of the pandemic has affected the entire world, affecting South America with a high daily increase in cases even months after the first outbreak, in addition to the arrival of the second wave of contagion in Europe. The next few months are expected to lighten the panorama with the help of scientific advances in the development of the vaccine and a better understanding of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of the disease. Conclusions: Ecuador was seriously affected with a significant increase in mortality rates and a lack of health resources. The comparison between the South American countries revealed that the highest spikes in contagion and mortality during the first wave occurred in July and August. It was recommended to continue complying with the rules of social distancing to prevent the appearance of a second wave during the beginning of 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the levels of uncertainty, risk perception and fear in the population, which can be influenced by empathy. To analyze the relationship between these variables, an investigation was carried out in which 96 subjects participated who completed an online questionnaire to estimate empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), risk perception and fear of the pandemic (questionnaire ad hoc). The results showed a mild and direct relationship between risk perception (internalized) and empathy (empathic concern); as well as a moderate and direct relationship between empathy (fantasy, empathic concern, personal discomfort) and fear of COVID-19. Furthermore, the relationship between risk perception and fear was partially mediated by empathic concern. The relationship between these variables is important because they influence adherence to preventive measures and the prevalence of affective disorders in emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente texto expongo brevemente la teoría del arte de Tolstoi y sostengo que buena parte de las críticas que se le hacen proceden de una interpretación errónea de su concepto de “sentimiento” como un estado subjetivo, que no parece ser el sentido que da Tolstoi a ese término. A partir de ahí hago una propuesta de lectura de su moralismo artístico en clave de una antropología que se opone a algunos de los procesos de la modernidad, de modo especial a la reducción estética de las artes y su vinculación específica con el placer.

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En la medida que las economías se van abriendo al mundo se vuelven más vulnerables a las crisis económicas de otros países. A este fenómeno se le denomina contagio. En este trabajo, mediante el uso de modelos GARCH, se investiga la existencia del contagio de volatilidad en los retornos de los índices bursátiles de los países latinoamericanos, a partir de dos crisis económico-financieras ocurridas en la década pasada: la crisis mexicana y la crisis asiática. Los resultados indicaron que sólo Brasil y México - los países latinoamericanos con la mayor apertura financiera- experimentaron contagio de volatilidad producto de la crisis asiática. Así, se comprueba que la reducción de controles de capital trae consigo una mayor vulnerabilidad de la economía.

The COVID-19 pandemic has motivated a resurgence in the use of phenomenological growth models for predicting the early dynamics of infectious diseases. These models assume that time is a continuous variable, whereas in the present contribution the discrete versions of Gompertz and Generalized Logistic models are used for early monitoring and short-term forecasting of the spread of an epidemic in a region. The time)continuous models are represented mathematically by first-order differential equations, while their discrete versions are represented by first-order difference equations that involve parameters that should be estimated prior to forecasting. The methodology for estimating such parameters is described in detail. Real data of COVID)19 infection in Cuba is used to illustrate this methodology. The proposed methodology was implemented for the first thirty-five days and was used to predict accurately the data reported for the following twenty days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper characterizes a pandemic as a kind of contagion, and describes a contagion as a two-level, two-direction, reflexive feedback loop system. In such a system, expert opinions for managing a pandemic can act as self-fulfilling prophecies due to how they influence collective belief formation. However, when multiple experts produce multiple expert opinions that act as self-fulfilling prophecies, this can fragment a society’s response to a pandemic, worsening rather than ameliorating it. This paper models this possible outcome by distinguishing two competing expert opinions, appealing respectively to people in club good and common pool types of employment/health insurance situations, and argues that to combat fragmentation of opinion about how to address a pandemic, public health policy needs to attend to the nature of public reasoning. It argues this entails asking how just and legitimate deliberative institutions can function in an ‘inclusive and noncoercive’ way that allows society to reconcile competing visions regarding how to combat system-wide crises such as pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the concern about COVID-19 infection in Peruvian teachers of regular basic education when returning to face-to-face education. Materials and methods: The research approach was quantitative; the design was non-experimental and the descriptive type transectional. The sample was made up of 225 teachers from the initial, primary, and secondary education levels to whom the COVID-19 Infection Concern Scale was applied, an instrument with adequate levels of validity and reliability. Subsequently, the responses were systematized and analyzed using SPSS® version 25 software. Results: It was identified that 39.6% of the teachers presented moderate levels of concern about COVID-19 infection, 34.7% had low levels and 25.7% showed high levels. Among the main concerns, they highlighted considering that in educational institutions there were some risks, such as the presence of students and parents who do not use masks correctly and do not wash their hands properly, which generated concern and fear of infecting them. COVID-19 after leaving work to their relatives or people with whom they lived. Likewise, it was determined that some sociodemographic and medical variables were significantly associated (p<0.05) with said concern. Conclusions: It was determined that teachers characterized themselves as presenting moderate levels of concern about COVID-19 infection and it was established that female teachers, who were over 40 years old, who were not vaccinated, who had comorbidities and had previously been infected with COVID-19 had slightly higher levels than the other contrast groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Logos: Anales del Seminario de Metafísica (1575-6866) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo plantea una interpretación según la cual la tradición donjuanesca constituye una suerte de reescritura del amor hereos o de la aegritudo amoris. Este era un tipo de melancolía medieval sufrido por los hombres y causado por el rechazo amoroso de las mujeres que habría desaparecido junto con otros diagnósticos asociados a la teoría de los humores. Sin embargo, hay razones para pensar que ha sobrevivido en la literatura moderna desplazando su sintomatología a las damas burladas. En otras palabras, se espera demostrar que la conducta pecadora del don Juan constituye una suerte de reproducción contrapuesta del erotismo de las mujeres expuesto en la tratadística amatoria española.

El concepto de John Maynard Keynes (1936) de “espíritus animales” o de “optimismo espontáneo” como una de las principales fuerzas que impulsan las fluctuaciones económicas se inspiró en parte por sus reflexiones y las de sus contemporáneos sobre las reacciones humanas ante situaciones ambiguas donde las probabilidades no podían cuantificarse. Existe evidencia de que, en situaciones tan inciertas, las personas permiten que narrativas populares contagiosas y las emociones provocadas por éstas influyan en sus decisiones económicas. Dichas narrativas no suelen basarse en hechos, pero son contagiosas. Los modelos macroeconómicos dinámicos necesitan una teoría que guarde relación con los modelos epidemiológicos de transmisión de enfermedades. Debemos tratar con seriedad el contagio de narrativas en los modelos económicos si queremos mejorar nuestra comprensión de los espíritus animales y su impacto en la economía.

Ai tempi della pandemia da Covid-19 che stiamo vivendo ancora oggi, risulta ancora più necessario sottolineare come a livello letterario, storico e medico la diffusione di malattie infettive sia sempre stata documentata. La paura delle epidemie e del contagio sembra essere un vero e proprio topos narrativo che accompagna l’uomo sin dall’antichità; tuttavia, questi stessi concetti assumono caratteristiche e un significato diversi in base a un determinato contesto storico e allo sviluppo tecnologico presenti in esso. In tal senso, la scoperta della microbiologia della fine dell’Ottocento, che offre le evidenze empiriche del possibile contagio interumano, ha delle ricadute invitabili sulle paure dell’uomo, che incidono anche a livello narrativo. Contestualmente nasce il genere letterario distopico (sorto piuttosto tardivamente rispetto a quello utopico, sua controparte positiva) e con esso si apre l’immaginario catastrofico di una pandemia in grado di cambiare o sterminare per sempre l’umanità. Questo contributo sottolinea come la funzione neurocognitiva di immaginare mondi possibili (controfattualità) sia connaturata al genere umano e alla base del discorso distopico, che di volta in volta incarna le paure più recondite dell’uomo al fine di esorcizzarle. In relazione a ciò, viene altresì analizzato il cambiamento del tema del contagio in letteratura, con particolare attenzione alla distopia, mostrando come The Scarlet Plague di Jack London sembri canonizzare un genere prima sconosciuto, ossia la narrativa distopica dell’epidemia.__At the time of the Covid-19 pandemic that we are still experiencing today, it is even more necessary to emphasize how the spread of infectious diseases has always been documented at a literary, historical and medical level.The fear of epidemics and contagion seems to be a real narrative topos that has accompanied man since ancient times. However, these same concepts take on different characteristics and meaning according to a certain historical context and the technological development present in it. In this sense, the discovery of the microbiology of the late nineteenth century that offers empirical evidence of possible inter-human contagion has inviting repercussions on human fears, which also affect the narrative level. At the same time, the dystopian literary genre was born (which arose rather late than the utopian one, its positive counterpart) and with it the catastrophic imagery of a pandemic capable of changing or exterminating humanity forever. This contribution underlines how the neurocognitive function of imagining possible worlds (counterfactuality) is a specific characteristic of mankind. It is also the basis of the dystopian discourse, which from time to time embodies man’s most hidden fears in order to exorcise them. Therefore, it is also analyzed how the theme of contagion changes in literature, with particular attention to dystopia, showing how Jack London’s The Scarlet Plague seems to canonize a previously unknown genre, namely the dystopian narrative of the epidemic.

El presente estudio aborda la evolución de la “COVID-19” en Costa Rica entre el 06/03/2020 y el 10/12/2021, mediante el análisis de casos y muertes asociados al coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2“, agente infeccioso de la “COVID-19”. Además, se determina el avance de la vacunación en Costa Rica, en el contexto de América Latina, y su impacto sobre el número de casos, pacientes internados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y fallecimientos, en el periodo de vacunacion a partir de enero 2021. Por otro lado, se identifican los aspectos que califican esta crisis sanitaria como una “sindemia”, la cual es más que una pandemia debido a la sinergia del agente infeccioso y las enfermedades crónicas o comorbilidades, en el contexto de inequidades sociales entre la poblacion costarricense. Por último, debido a los subregistros en contagios y muertes, fundamentados en las estimaciones realizadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), de que el 10% de la población mundial (780 millones de personas) ya se había infectado por “SARS-CoV-2“ a octubre del 2020, se realiza una austera estimación de los contagios y muertes al 10/12/2021. Como recomendación, se indica la importancia de atender la crisis sanitaria por “COVID-19” como una sindemia, ante el efecto sobre las enfermedades crónicas y la reactivación económica de la poblacion costarricense.

En este estudio se presenta la evolución de la COVID-19 en los 15 países de Oceanía al 14/11/2021. Para cumplir con el objetivo se analizaron las plataformas estadísticas virtuales disponibles, las cuales reportan los datos en tiempo real como la Encuesta de Salud Pública de Johns Hopkins denominada “Statista”, datosmacro.expansion.com y otros. Los resultados indican que el continente de Oceanía ha sido el menos afectado en la crisis sanitaria causada por el SARS-CoV2 al 14/11/2021, debido a sus fortalezas geográficas de países insulares y el poco contacto con las naciones -tierra adentro- de otros continentes; además de su baja densidad poblacional por Km2, de menos de 5 habitantes/Km2. No obstante, su poco avance en la vacunación contra la COVID-19 y la apertura al turismo podría provocar el incremento de casos de contagio y muertes debido a la COVID-19, para lo cual los pequeños países insulares -excepto Australia, Indonesia y Nueva Zelanda- tienen sistemas inadecuados de salud. Se recomienda que la Organización Mundial de la Salud, les dé seguimiento a estos “laboratorios vivientes de Oceanía”.

Este estudio presenta la evolución de la COVID-19 en los 50 países de Europa a finales de octubre 2021. Para efectos prácticos, las 50 naciones se distribuyen de conformidad con sus características epidemiológicas en tres grupos. En el grupo 1, se incluyen los países sin cambios abruptos de contagio de la COVID-19. En el grupo 2, se ubican las naciones con tendencia al incremento de casos de COVID-19 y en el grupo 3, se incluyen los países con evidencias de inicio de una nueva ola. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de los avances de la vacunación, en el grupo 1, se incluyen 13 naciones para un 26% de los 50 países del continente europeo. En el grupo 2, se incluyen 11 países para un 22%. En el grupo 3, se distribuyen 26 naciones para un 52% de las naciones europeas. Por último, se aprecia una concordancia entre el aumento de los contagios por la COVID-19 a partir de los meses con menor horas sol al día.

El presente estudio describe la evolución de la “COVID-19” en los 35 países del Continente Americano, al 31 de octubre del 2021, mediante el análisis de reportes diarios disponibles en Internet como “Our World in Data”, “JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data”, entre otros. Los resultados indican que nueve países (25,7%) presentan una tendencia al incremento de casos, mientras que en 26 naciones (74,3%) se observa una persistente declinación de los mismos. Además, se presentó la letalidad y los avances de la vacunación en los países estudiados. En este contexto, un aspecto importante es la paradoja que se presenta en Chile, que tiene tendencia al incremento de contagios a pesar de contar con un 85% de la población con el esquema de vacunación completa. Por último, se recomienda realizar estudios locales más profundos, utilizando los aspectos climáticos y la evolución de esta patología en cada uno de los países de América.

Desde la antigüedad Hipócrates (460 a.C), relacionó las estaciones climáticas del año, el origen y la naturaleza de las enfermedades. En uno de sus escritos, titulado “Aforismos” indicó literalmente “todas las enfermedades se producen en todas las estaciones, pero durante algunas de estas se producen y se agravan especialmente algunas de aquellas”. Fundamentado en estos antecedentes, se realiza el presente estudio descriptivo, con el objetivo de determinar en cuales estaciones del año, se incrementan los casos de contagios y muertes asociados a la COVID-19, causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, en 21 países de América Latina, mediante el análisis de la evolución de la crisis sanitaria, identificando las olas y sus respectivos “picos” del mayor número de casos, en cada una de las naciones estudiadas, en el periodo de marzo 2020-fecha de la declaración de la pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)-al 18 de junio del 2021. Los resultados indican que las 53 olas identificadas y estudiadas: 13 (24,5%) sucedieron en verano, 37 (69,8%) en invierno, 3 (5,7%) en otoño y cero en primavera. A la luz de estos datos se recomienda que en cada país se elaboren estudios con mayor profundidad para establecer las posibles asociaciones entre los datos de radiación solar y el número de contagios por la COVID-19, en las respectivas estaciones.

The amor hereos or aegritudo amoris was a type of medieval melancholy triggered by love rejection. It was caused by women but suffered by men, and it used to show a demonic kind of femininity. Many people would say this erotic conception disappeared, but there is enough evidence to believe don Juan's tradition could be a different face of the same sort of love. According to this idea, the sinful behavior of don Juan would be a reproduction of the feminine eroticism exposed in the tradition of Spanish amatory treatises. Namely, it would have evolved from being a masculine melancholic disease to being a female one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cauriensia: Revista Anual de Ciencias Eclesiásticas is the property of Instituto Teologico San Pedro de Alcantara de Caceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo fue realizado en el cerco vivo y la cobertura vegetal nativa del humedal Los Pantanos de Villa, Lima, Perú. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las plagas, las enfermedades y la incidencia que pudieran estar afectando a la flora que sirve como cerco vivo en el humedal Pantanos de Villa, y analizar si esta actúa como canal de contagio hacia la flora nativa: Typha domingensis (totora), Schoenoplectus americanus (junco) o Paspalum vaginatum (grama), para lo cual se desarrollaron dos metodologías diferentes. En el cerco vivo se realizó una inspección para identificar insectos, signos y síntomas, mediante una selección de un total de 95 individuos como muestras. La segunda parte de la metodología consistió en realizar transectos internos de 18 m. Como resultado se obtuvo que el cerco vivo presentaba un total de ocho plagas: Aleurodicus juleikae, Saissetia sp., Coccus sp., Clastoptera sp., Myzus persicae, Pseudococcus longispinus, Insignorthezia insignis e Icerya purchasi; y dos enfermedades: oidiosis y fumagina. La especie vegetal Schinus terebinthifolius fue la más afectada, en comparación con Myoporum acuminatum y Washingtonia robusta. Respecto a la flora nativa, no se encontró la presencia de plagas, por lo que se concluye que el cerco vivo no actúa como canal de contagio hacia la cobertura vegetal interna.

A pandemia de COVID-19 fez aumentar a procura pelo filme Contágio, um longa-metragem ficcional de 2011 cujo enredo aborda a disseminação em escala global de um novo vírus de transmissão respiratória e que causa uma doença com alta taxa de letalidade. Neste artigo, utilizamos uma metodologia quali-quantitativa para analisar 4.801 comentários sobre o filme postados em uma rede social sobre cinema. Comparamos as avaliações antes e depois de janeiro de 2020, quando o novo coronavírus foi considerado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional. A análise das palavras e termos mais frequentes e da proximidade entre eles revelou como a pandemia alterou a percepção dos espectadores, que passaram a avaliar o filme mais pela sua verossimilhança da situação sanitária que pelos seus aspectos cinematográficos. Os resultados também mostram o potencial do cinema para a divulgação científica ao abordar conceitos, temas e controvérsias da ciência e da saúde.

Objective: To elucidate the presence, importance, and characteristics of menstrual changes related to stressful circumstances during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain., Study Design: An online survey was administered in Spain to menstruating women aged 15-55 who had not contracted COVID-19. It collected information on activities during the lockdown, sexual activity, perceptions of emotional status, any changes in menstrual characteristics, and impact on quality of life. The analysis of menstrual changes was limited to responders who did not use hormonal contraception., Results: A total of 6449 women answered the survey, and 4989 surveys were valid for the final analysis. 92.3% of women had at least one menstruation period during the lockdown, while 7.7% had amenorrhea. Quality of life (QoL) associated with menstruation worsened in 19% of women, did not change in 71.7%, and improved in 1.6%. For 50.1% of the women, global QoL worsened during the lockdown; 41.3% remained about the same and 8.7% reported improvement. Sexual activity during the lockdown decreased in 49.8% of the respondents, remained unchanged in 40.7%, and increased in 9.5%. As far the menstrual changes are concerned, there were no statistically significant differences in amenorrhea incidence, regularity of the menstrual cycle, or the amount or duration of menstrual bleeding in non-hormonal contraceptive users when evaluated by the length and characteristics of isolation, the perception of exposure to COVID-19 and the economic or employment situation. Conversely, we found statistically significant differences according to the intensity of changes in emotional status due to lockdown stressors and changes in regularity, duration, and heaviness of menstruation., Conclusion: Changes in emotional status, but not the length and intensity of the isolation or exposure to the disease, significantly influenced menstrual disturbances during the COVID-19 lockdown., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

One of the observable consequences of the social and cultural change among the Huaorani (an Amerindian people from the Ecuadorian Amazon contacted in the late 1950s), has been the suicide, which since the beginning of the 21st century has been increasing alarmingly. This article focuses the attention on the case of Epaa, a 28-year-old woman, who unexpectedly and for no apparent reason took her own life away, leaving behind many unknowns. The ethnographic fieldwork on which this research is based lasted two months. Based on the data produced, this paper offers a brief approach to Huaorani suicide in the Toñampari area, to, after that, describe its two central objectives: 1) portray in detail the suicide of Epaa with the versions of the triggering motives; and 2) reflect, from a cultural point of view, on the deep factors that help to understand the protagonist's behavior. The conclusions highlight the practical sense of shamanism as an explanation and the possible influence of words, as an element of contagion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2020 restrictions of freedom due to Covid-19 pandemic non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as stay-at-home orders – colloquially known as lockdowns – were significant, prolonged practices of estrangement which involved our perception of space. The situation we experienced urged us to question our understanding and use of space in new ways, such as: the categories, or metaphors we use to represent them, the distinctions we adopt to characterize places and spaces, among others. The articles presented in this issue take up this challenge, proposing a reflection on different types of confined spaces, which span across different discourses and fields (literature, sociology, geography, architecture, etc.). The papers are inspired and stimulated – implicitly or not – by the spatial revolution, we all faced during the “lockdowns” of 2020.

De um ponto de vista antropológico, quando associado a processos formativos, uma crise abrangente e mesmo crítica no campo da saúde pública pode vivificar, não obstante, questões religiosas de base, ainda que, posteriormente, restrinja-se (ou não) ao âmbito figurativo. O aspecto notável, contudo, é a constatação de uma crise sanitária muito aguda, uma virose pandêmica proveniente do SARS-CoV-2, na qual questões primeiras de saúde pública, estritamente médicas de início, foram irreparavelmente mergulhadas numa esfera social e cultural muito maior e mais complexa, conforme antecipável pela teoria mimética. De repente, como num passe de mágica, um surto virótico transformou-se em crise internacional de ordem econômica, política e ideológico-cultural, com inegáveis desdobramentos éticos. Diante desse quadro crescentemente instável, mas, por outro lado, altamente esperançoso, no que se refere à possibilidade de adoção de novos modelos de vida social, potencialmente apartados de certa violência constitutiva, defendemos neste artigo que a teoria mimética pode ser muito proveitosa em nossos tempos, tanto como ferramenta analítica na compreensão dos processos sociais, mas também como meio eficaz para pensar a adoção de novos modelos culturais e econômicos.