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Uno de los personajes fundamentales del siglo XIX mexicano es Agustín de Iturbide. Pese a ello, ha sido olvidado en las conmemoraciones de la independencia debido a las difíciles circunstancias que enfrentó su efímero gobierno imperial . A lo largo de las décadas que siguieron a la consumación de la independencia las disputas políticas entre diversos proyectos de nación utilizaron a Iturbide como bandera de tendencias opuestas, hasta llegar al abierto enfrentamiento entre dos proyectos: liberalismo y conservadurismo. En este trabajo se hará un análisis de la figura de Iturbide en los textos de sus contemporáneos.

Este trabajo intenta responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿la participación de militares y de eclesiásticos en la última etapa de la guerra de independencia de la Nueva España se puede caracterizar, como muchos la han descrito, de retrógrada, conservadora, antiliberal y anticonstitucional? En estos años fundacionales, el nacimiento de México como nación independiente y Estado soberano no fue producto de una contrarrevolución ni de maquinaciones de dos grupos retrógrados –militares y clero–, preocupados sólo de sus fueros y privilegios, pues entre sus filas, de 1808 a 1821, se encuentran personas de ideas avanzadas, de conciencia social, de amor a la libertad.

Neste artigo apresento algumas considerações sobre a mitosfera do consumo enquanto teoria que visa aproximar comunicação, consumo e imaginário. Para isso, realizo uma reflexão epistemológica aos estudos de comunicação e consumo, relacionando-os aos estudos do imaginário. Entre outros objetivos menos explícitos, buscarei fornecer bases teóricas para que possamos discutir o estatuto das imagens simbólicas e dos mitos na sociedade midiática e de consumo. En este artículo trato de presentar algunas notas sobre la mitosfera del consumo como una teoría que pretende acercar la comunicación al consumo y al imaginario. Para ello propondré una reflexión epistemológica sobre los estudios de comunicación y consumo, relacionándolos con los estudios del imaginario. Entre otros objetivos menos explícitos, también buscaré aportar bases teóricas para que podamos discutir el estatuto de las imágenes simbólicas y los mitos en la sociedad mediática y de consumo. In this article, I present some considerations on the mythosphere of consumption as a theory that aims to bring together communication, consumption, and imaginary. To this end, I carry out an epistemological reflection on communication and consumption studies, relating them to studies of the imaginary. Among other less explicit objectives, I will seek to provide theoretical bases to discuss the status of symbolic images and myths in the media and consumer society.

A presente pesquisa se destina ao estudo dos delitos de corrupção ativa, corrupção passiva e lavagem de dinheiro, e tem como objetivo analisar a conduta do intermediador no recebimento da vantagem indevida em nome do funcionário público. Nesse sentido, a questão que cumpre enfrentar é a seguinte: qual(is) crime(s) pratica o intermediador do pagamento de vantagens indevidas a funcionário público? Para examinar em detalhe a conduta do intermediador, a pesquisa expõe o desenvolvimento dos aspectos típicos dos delitos de corrupção ativa e passiva, aprofundando na dogmática sobre o momento consumativo e de exaurimento dos referidos crimes, bem como na possibilidade de participação do intermediador na corrupção ativa e passiva, ora delito especial. Partindo desse estágio da discussão, a pesquisa analisa o delito de lavagem de dinheiro e seus elementos típicos em conjunto com a possibilidade de concomitância entre o recebimento da vantagem indevida e os atos de ocultação e dissimulação do produto de crime, a fim de que se analise, por fim, o concurso de crimes e o concurso aparente de normas penais. Ao final, o trabalho propõe solução ao caso-modelo e suas variantes elaboradas sobre a problemática em torno do intermediador de vantagens indevidas. This research dedicates to the study of the crimes of corruption and money laundering and aims to analyze the conduct of the intermediary in receiving an undue advantage on behalf of the public official. In this sense, the question that must be faced is the following: what crime(s) is committed by the intermediary in the payment of undue advantages to a public official? In order to examine the conduct of the intermediator, the research exposes the development of the typical aspects of the corruption, delving into the dogmatics on the moment of consummation and completion of the aforementioned crimes, as well as the possibility of participation of the intermediator in active and passive corruption, now a special offense. From this stage of the discussion, the research analyzes the crime of money laundering and its typical elements in conjunction with the possibility of concomitance between the receipt of the undue advantage and the acts of concealment of the products of crime, to analyze, finally, the concurrence of crimes and the apparent concurrence of criminal rules. At the end, the work proposes a solution to the model-case and its variants elaborated on the problematic around the intermediator of undue advantages.

En la tarea de cumplir el mandato del Señor de anunciar el Evangelio a todo el mundo, el cristianismo se ha encontrado con otras culturas que poseen una concepción diferente de la creencia en la otra vida. El cristianismo tiene su propia antropología y escatología, con su comprensión propia de la realidad del más allá caracterizada por lo que le ocurre al individuo inmediatamente después de la muerte y lo que se refiere a la consumación comunitaria en la Parusía de Cristo. El autor de este artículo examina a los cristianos Chagga de Rombo que han recibido la fe cristiana, basada esta en el evento de Cristo, mientras que el pueblo Chagga se caracteriza por su creencia dominada por los antepasados y los muertos vivientes. El presente artículo abordará la cuestión de cómoconciliar estas dos creencias que parecen estar bien arraigadas en la vida espiritual del pueblo Chagga.

Once a crime has been committed, full repentance and restoration do not have any bearing on liability, but may be taken into account in mitigation of sentence. On the other hand, there is no question of criminal liability ensuing for an attempt at a crime if there is a withdrawal from the envisaged crime while still in the stage of preparation, and before, in South African law, reaching the watershed moment of the “commencement of the consummation”. However, what occurs between the moment when the attempt begins, and the moment when the crime has been completed, where there has been a withdrawal from the criminal purpose, is more contested terrain. The disagreement does not apparently arise in the South African case law, where the few judgments that refer to this question have consistently held that where the accused withdraws after the commencement of the consummation of the crime, there will be attempt liability and, at best, the accused may rely on the abandonment as a mitigating factor in sentencing. However, as is discussed, prominent South African academic commentators, along with comparative sources in both the civil-law and common-law jurisdictions, demur from such an “unyielding analysis”, and would regard such withdrawal as giving rise to a defence to criminal liability. Which approach ought to be applied in South African law? The question may be posed as to how to categorise a defence of voluntary withdrawal? It is neither a justification ground nor a ground excluding fault, but rather a ground excluding punishment. The uniqueness of the defence is demonstrated in that the accused has already met all the requirements for liability, and thus it is not an intending criminal, but an actual criminal who is being considered. This is at least true of the common-law approach (also adopted by South African law), where a two-stage approach is applied to the trial, relating first to establishing criminal liability and followed, if guilt is so established, by an inquiry into sentence. At the outset, it may be stated that the view that is taken in the discussion that follows is that there is no good reason to treat voluntary abandonment as a special defence. As Yaffe has stated, to grant a defence on the basis of abandonment is to mistake the absence of a reason to issue a particular sanction rather than a lower one for a sufficient reason to issue no sanction at all.In the discussion that follows, the current case law is examined, whereafter the alternative approach contended for by some academic writers (and used in other jurisdictions) is discussed; the arguments for and against a renunciation defence are set out, before these aspects are drawn together in a final concluding analysis.

In Germany every second offence occasioning bodily harm and every fourth sexual offence occur under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Untreated substance use disorders are a risk factor for further offences. The §64 of the German Penal Code (StGB) regulates the commitment of offenders to a Forensic addiction treatment unit as a result of an addiction to excessive consummation of intoxicating substances. The previous regulation has come under criticism because too many patients are committed, the sentence is often given to the wrong persons, the treatment is often terminated without success and the sentence consumes to many resources. From a psychiatric perspective the reform of commitment to a Forensic addiction treatment unit (§64 StGB) must fulfil the principles of medical ethics, in particular the respect for the autonomy of the patient, the principle of distributional justice and the code of medical professional ethics. The commitment according to §64 must be restricted to the treatment of people with a clinically relevant substance use disorder. From a psychiatric perspective, decisive for the prospect of success are the willingness to be treated and self-determination for admission to the clinic. In order to release the treatment from the extrinsic influences of the enforcement law, on admission to treatment a sufficient amount of the sentence should have already been served that the commitment only serves the purpose of the treatment and resocialization, so that the risk of further substance-related offences is reduced. The legal term "Entziehungsanstalt" should be replaced by "Forensic Clinic for Dependancy Diseases".

Since independence, Burundi has endured civil war episodes, five successful and two unsuccessful coup d’états. The instability resulted in the collapse of the economy despite the consummation of the Arusha Agreement. This study moves away from the propensity to only view the security challenges as pitting Tutsis and Hutus. Such an analytical tendency generates distortions. This study was qualitative and employed a systematic review research methodology in identifying relevant texts. Document analysis was then used to interpret meaning from documents giving them voice over the study area. The main findings were hinged on conflict causes, key assumptions, violence and instability in the past, impunity and governance, the approach to political realism, truth and reconciliation constraints. This study concludes that although power-sharing could be a necessary move as a measure of building confidence, sharing power is not an adequate condition for sustainable development and peace.

Quiet consummation have And renowned be thy grave. William Shakespeare By any reasonable account Jim Walker and I should have met much earlier than we did. We both taught high school in the Newca...

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar en qué sentido el proyecto del transhumanismo tecnocientífico supone una revolución teórica que termine alterando radicalmente nuestra concepción tradicional del ser humano. Para ello, primero se presenta el debate contemporáneo entre las posturas bioconservadoras y posthumanistas con el propósito de señalar los argumentos más comunes que sostienen ambas. Después se discuten los principales conceptos que articulan este debate y que pueden reducirse a dos: la naturaleza y el humanismo. Para analizarlos son examinados a la luz de la tradición en la que se enmarcan y de los últimos desarrollos tecnocientíficos, mostrándose como sumamente problemáticos y multívocos como para poder dar una contestación suficiente al fenómeno transhumanista. A continuación, se muestra hasta qué punto el transhumanismo se halla imbricado dentro de la tradición del humanismo filosófico, examinando la consideración del ser humano que se desprende de éste y las distintas vertientes presentes. Al analizar minuciosamente el pensamiento humanístico clásico, es posible encontrar el marco de ideas y creencias necesarias para acabar definiendo al transhumanismo como la apoteosis y consumación del proyecto metafísico y antropocéntrico del humanismo teórico antiesencialista. Finalmente se propone reorientar el proyecto transhumanista primando las cuestiones políticas con el objetivo de que responda a intereses emancipatorios, necesarios para establecer un desarrollo de tipo humanista en sentido práctico que inspire la construcción de un sistema socio-económico alternativo.

RESUMEN El artículo aborda el significado moral del homicidio en el contexto de la justicia penal, específicamente a través de las acusaciones y sentencias que reflejan la práctica de fiscales y jueces para definir el tipo legal del homicidio, sus modalidades, agravantes y penalidad. Basado en la revisión de diez expedientes judiciales de homicidas condenados, se revisaron las acusaciones y sentencias condenatorias para identificar los argumentos para la inculpación moral y la graduación de la pena, los cuales coinciden de forma manifiesta entre fiscales y jueces y permiten predecir, desde el inicio del procedimiento e independientemente de la admisión de los hechos, el resultado de la sentencia. RESUMO Acusação e sentença como expressão do julgamento moral diante do homicídio aborda o significado moral do homicídio no sistema de justiça criminal, especificamente por meio das acusações e sentenças que refletem a prática dos promotores e juízes na definição do tipo legal de homicídio, suas modalidades, fatores agravantes e penalidades. Com base na revisão de dez processos judiciais de assassinos condenados, foram analisadas as acusações e condenações, a fim de identificar os argumentos para a inculpação moral e a graduação da punição, que coincidem enormemente entre promotores e juízes e permitem prever, desde o início do procedimento e independentemente da negociação do pleito, o resultado da sentença. ABSTRACT Prosecution and Sentencing as an Expression of Moral Judgment in the Face of Homicide addresses moral meaning of homicide within the criminal justice system, specifically through the procedural acts that reflect the practice of prosecutors and judges in defining homicide, ways for its consummation, circumstances and quantum of punishment. Based on the review of ten judicial files for convicted killers, indictments and convictions were analyzed in order to select arguments for moral inculpation and grading punishment, which overwhelmingly match between prosecutors and judges and allow to predict, from the beginning of the procedure and despite plea bargaining, the final outcome of the convicting sentence.

Over the past few years, the Indian mobile market has documented an exponential growth that has topped the authority’s projections. Client Consummation is a measurement of consumer attitudes regarding products, services and products. Consumer Loyalty comprises of loyalty manners which is the act of customers making repeat purchases of current brands, rather than selecting competitor products. Client Constancy in Indian Mobile Telecommunication Services Sector Marketing Indian companies has been forced to adopt superiority organization platforms. Client consummation and future purchase purposes. Hostility in the broadcastings world in India is precise firm product moving of customers is also very high. That’s why each provider trying to provide the best for its customers so that they can be loyal to the same provider. Customer loyalty is defined as a relationship between customer with a particular brand name, and company exemplified by their purchase of the customer or consumer buying behavior towards a consistent and profitable brand and measured as recommended to other consumers. In India, there are ten mobile telecom providers operating in the market. The main aim of this research is to study the Client Consummation and Commitment on JIO Mobile Network in Vellore District of Tamil Nadu in Economic perspectives. The foundation of this study is to know the customer loyalty of JIO customers towards JIO after free services time was over. The research question stated for the study is, whether customers are continuing the JIO mobile network or not? To know overall consummation of clienteles towards services of JIO mobile network, what are the factors which considered selecting JIO mobile network? This research paper is purely based on the primary survey conducted in the study area with help of pre-determined and well-structured interview schedule. The area of the study is Vellore District of Tamil Nadu. The sample size for this research paper is determined as 80 households in the study area.

In this essay I theorise edging as the spacing of an aesthesis and erotic sense of the common, distinct from any absolute finality, consummation, or end. This extends the work that I did in my firs...

تعد الخطبة مقدمة ضرورية لعقد الزواج، وأنها بحسب الأصل مندوبة، وليست بعقد لازم، بل هي مجرد "وعد متبادل على إبرام الزواج في المستقبل على وجه يمکن الرجوع فيه". لا يترتب على الخطبة أي أثر من آثار الزواج، فلا يلزم الخاطب بدفع مال لمخطوبته لا على سبيل المهر ولا على سبيل النفقة. لکل واحد من الخاطبين الحق في العدول عن الخطبة؛ دون إلزام العادل منهما بذکر مبرر للعدول، ويکره العدول لغير مسوغ لما فيه من إخلاف الوعد والرجوع عن القول. تکره الخطبة على الخطبة إذا کان الخاطبين متقاربين ومتماثلين، إذ يجوز خطبة المخطوبة الراکنة لفاسق تحقيقا لمصلحتها؛ لأن في خطبتها تخليص من فسقه؛ ولأن غير الفاسق يعلمها أمور، ويصح عقد الزواج المسبوق بخطبة غير مشروعة مع الإثم؛ لأن الخلل لم يقارن العقد. في حال العدول عن الخطبة يجب رد المهر کله أو بعضه إن کان قائما أو قيمته إن هلک أو استهلک، ومثله الشبکة، وأما الهدايا فإن من عدل منهما خسر هداياه ووجب عليه رد هدايا الأخر، ولا تراجع في الهدايا إذا انتهت الخطبة بالموت أو بسبب يحول دون الاتمام الزواج. إذا ترتب على العدول عن الخطبة ضرر مادى أو معنوي جاز تعويض المضرور عن الضرر إن کان له مقتض. وإذا ما اتفق ذوو الشأن على إنهاء الخطبة فإن الغالب أن يتم يتضمن الاتفاق معالجة للآثار المالية المترتبة على العدول، وإذا لم يتضمن الاتفاق تسوية للجوانب المالية بين الخاطبين، طبقت القواعد السابقة بشأن الرجوع بالمهر، والشبکة، والهدايا، والنفقة. إذا کان أحد الخاطبين مرتدا، أو ارتد أحدهما، أو ارتدا معا، انفسخت الخطبة؛ لأن المرتد لا ينکح؛ فلا يخطب، لأن طروء الردة قبل الوطء يفسخ العقد؛ فالخطبة أولى. تنفسخ الخطبة بنکاح الخاطب لمن يحرم الجمع بينها وبين المخطوبة: کما لو عقد على أخت المخطوبة، أو عمتها، أو خالتها، او بنتها، فإنه يعد إعراضا عن الخطبة. وتنفسخ الخطبة إذا زنا الخاطب بأم المخطوبة، أو بنتها، وذلک عند من يرى ثبوت حرمة المصاهرة بالزنا؛ للاحتياط في الأعراض والأنساب. The engagement is a necessary introduction to the marriage contract, and that according to the origin it is a delegate, and not a necessary contract, rather it is just a "mutual promise to conclude a marriage in the future in a way that can be returned." The engagement does not result in any of the effects of marriage, so the suitor is not obligated to pay money to his fiancee, neither as a dowry nor as an alimony. Each of the suitors has the right to abstain from the engagement. Without requiring the just from them to mention a justified remission, and unjustified withdrawal is disliked due to the violation of the promise and the reversal of the saying. Engagement is disliked for engagement if the two suitors are close and the same, as it is permissible for the fiancee to be engaged to an evildoer in order to achieve her interest. Because in her engagement she gets rid of his debauchery. And because the non-immoral knows her about things, and the marriage contract preceded by an unlawful engagement with sin is valid. Because the defect did not compare nodes. In the event that the engagement is abandoned, the dowry must be returned in whole or in part if it is standing or its value if it perished or consumed, and the same is the net, and as for the gifts, the one who moderates from them loses his gifts and must return the gifts of the other, and does not retract the gifts if the engagement ends in death or because of a reason that prevents Consummation of marriage. If the dissolution of the engagement results in material or moral damage, the injured may be compensated for the damage if it is necessary. If the concerned parties agree to end the engagement, then it is likely that the agreement will include a treatment of the financial consequences of the recusal, and if the agreement does not include a settlement of the financial aspects between the suitors, the previous rules are applied regarding the return of the dowry, the network, gifts, and alimony. If one of the suitors is an apostate, or one of them is apostate, or both of them are apostate, the sermon is broken; Because the apostate does not marry; He does not deliver a sermon, because the occurrence of apostasy before intercourse annulls the contract. Sermon is first. The engagement is annulled by the marriage of the fiance for the one who is forbidden to combine it with the fiancee: as if he performed the marriage contract with the fiancee's sister, her aunt, her maternal aunt, or her daughter, then it is considered a refusal to engage. The engagement shall be annulled if the fiance commits adultery with the mother of the fiancee or her daughter, according to those who see that the prohibition of marriage with adultery is proven. For precaution in symptoms and lineages.

La revista literaria El recreo de las familias hasta el momento ha sido poco estudiada y merece profundizar en ella debido al papel que desempeñó como legitimadora del quehacer literario de los escritores mexicanos en 1838, en un periodo tan cercano a la consumación de la independencia en que ellos se encontraban definiendo su oficio para lograr diferenciarse de su pasado colonial. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo esta publicación funcionó como vehículo de legitimación del quehacer literario para los escritores mexicanos que en ella colaboraron y que emplearon para poner su oficio a la altura de las naciones civilizadas, demostrando así que había dejado atrás su pasado bárbaro. Su identidad como escritores no se definió en una abierta confrontación crítica frente a los autores de las naciones que ellos consideraban civilizadas, sino encontrando en ellos modelos intelectuales dignos de ser replicados para extraer de ellos elementos adecuados para su didáctica individual y colectiva, pero sobre todo en un proceso de apropiación de las obras extranjeras, en el que el proceso de copia y traducción jugaron un papel clave.