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Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research responds to claims that status motivates car use. It extends understandings of what status is and of how status influences car use practices. The paper begins with a theoretical exploration of the concept of status and continues with a case study exploring how individuals in Christchurch, New Zealand, relate to status concerns associated with cars. Drawing on in-depth qualitative research, the paper finds that participants conceptualised status in terms of multidimensional hybrid assemblages of meaning. Further, a car had to match a person's wider social and cultural context in order to perform as a status symbol. Cars that symbolised a sense of intentional accomplishment or progression were most often associated with desired dimensions of status. The paper concludes by noting that status symbolism reflects a complex interplay of social dynamics, and that status is more than a characteristic of a material object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les tumeurs cérébrales peuvent être associées à une inaptitude légale à la conduite. Nous avons cherché à évaluer la connaissance des patients irradiés concernant la législation relative à la conduite automobile. Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive prospective réalisée au Centre Oscar Lambret à Lille, auprès de détenteurs du permis de conduire traités pour une (ou plusieurs) tumeur(s) cérébrale(s) primitive(s) ou secondaire(s). L'enquête a été réalisée par questionnaire hétéro-administré. Le critère de jugement principal était la fréquence de patients informés sur la législation relative à la conduite automobile lors de la consultation initiale de radiothérapie, donnée avec un intervalle de confiance à 95 % par la méthode binomiale exacte de Clopper-Pearson. Du 1er février au 31 mars 2022, 33 patients atteints d'une tumeur cérébrale ont été inclus. Trois patients ont été exclus de l'analyse, car non-détenteurs du permis de conduire. Parmi les 30 patients restants, 12 (40 % ; intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 22,7–59,4) avaient été informés de l'existence d'une possible contre-indication à la conduite avant la consultation en radiothérapie. Au sein de ces 30 patients, 21 (70 %) avaient une contre-indication à la conduite. Parmi les huit patients (26,6 %) qui conduisaient, quatre (13,3 %) ne devraient pas conduire. La majeure partie des patients présentait une contre-indication à la conduite automobile, mais seuls 40 % des patients interrogés déclaraient avoir été informés de l'existence d'une éventuelle contre-indication avant la consultation en radiothérapie. Brain tumors can be associated with various neurological symptoms impairing driving ability. We sought to assess patients' knowledge on the French driving legislation. This is a prospective descriptive epidemiological study carried out at the Oscar Lambret center in Lille, among driving license holders treated by radiotherapy for one or more primary cerebral tumor or brain metastasis. The survey was carried out by hetero-administered questioners. The primary endpoint was the frequency of patients informed on the French driving legislation at the initial radiotherapy consultation, given with a 95% confidence interval by the Clopper-Pearson exact binomial method. From the 1st February to March 31st, 2022, 33 patients with brain tumors were evaluated. Three of them were excluded because they did not have a driving license. Among the 30 patients analyzed, 12 patients (40% IC95 [22.7; 59.4]) had been informed of the existence of a possible contraindication to drive before the radiotherapy consultation. Among the 30 patients, 21 (70%) had a contraindication to drive. Of the eight patients (26.6%) who drove, four (13.3%) should not. Most patients have a contraindication to drive, but only 40% of the patients questioned stated that they had been informed of the existence of a possible contraindication before the radiotherapy consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'évaluation de la conduite automobile chez les patients atteints de maladies neurodégénératives est un enjeu sociétal actuel majeur. L'absence de consensus pour une évaluation standardisée est problématique, d'autant plus que la présence d'une maladie neurodégénérative augmente la probabilité d'être impliqué dans un accident de la route. Cet article résume les différentes évaluations pluridisciplinaires proposées et les enjeux sociétaux soulevés par une telle évaluation. Plusieurs modèles neuropsychologiques théoriques ont tenté de modéliser les processus cognitifs impliqués dans la conduite automobile. Aussi, un certain nombre d'études s'intéressant aux maladies neurodégénératives ont permis de déterminer les altérations des processus cognitifs les plus susceptibles d'expliquer les erreurs de conduite observées. Au final, il apparaît qu'une évaluation neuropsychologique approfondie est nécessaire afin de déterminer précisément quels patients sont les plus à risque d'une conduite dangereuse, notamment pour révéler des troubles attentionnels, visuo-spatiaux, exécutifs ou un ralentissement de la vitesse de traitement de l'information. Many studies have shown that individuals with neurodegenerative diseases are a risk factor for being involved in a traffic accident. However, driving is critical for social integration and independence in daily life. Lack of consensus and standardized assessment of driving abilities in these patients is problematic. This article summarizes the various multidisciplinary evaluations proposed, their limits, and the societal issues raised by such an evaluation. Several neuropsychological theoretical models have attempted to describe the cognitive processes involved in car driving. Moreover, several studies have sought to determine which cognitive functions are impaired in distinct disorders and best explained driving errors. We here describe the relationships between neuropsychological performance and driving abilities for the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders. It appears that a full neuropsychological assessment is necessary to determine accurately which patients are at risk of dangerous driving. In particular, cognitive impairments in attention, visual-spatial abilities, executive functions, and/or information processing speed appear to be the most likely involved in driving errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La conduite automobile est réglementée selon la législation qui prévaut dans chaque pays. On peut distinguer des déficits visuels rendant le conducteur inapte à la conduite et ceux compatibles à la conduite automobile. La sécurité routière, celle des usagers et celles des conducteurs passe par une aptitude visuelle optimale. L´évaluation de celle-ci est donc primordiale avant l´octroi du permis de conduire toute catégorie confondue. C´est dans cette optique que les auteurs dans une étude transversale et descriptive du 31 octobre 2016 au 31 janvier 2017 se sont fixé comme objectif d´évaluer la fréquence des déficits visuels chez les conducteurs de taxi dans la capitale Niamey en tenant compte de l´acuité visuelle et du champ visuel. Nous avons inclus les conducteurs de taxi de la ville de Niamey désireux de participer à l´étude à travers le syndicat des conducteurs de taxi, étaient non inclus les anciens chauffeurs de taxis et ceux non consentants à l´étude.

Contexte. Afin de prolonger une conduite automobile sécuritaire des conducteurs âgés, il importe de mettre en place des interventions de perfectionnement de la conduite. But. Cette étude pilote visait à vérifier les effets d’une intervention de perfectionnement de la conduite automobile auprès de conducteurs âgés. Méthodologie. Un dispositif pré-expérimental (questionnaires en pré-test avant l’intervention et post-test quatre à huit semaines après) a été utilisé auprès de 19 conducteurs âgés de 50 ans et plus. L’intervention comprenait le programme théorique de groupe 55 ans au volant, l’Outil de sensibilisation aux capacités requises pour une conduite automobile sécuritaire et responsable (OSCAR) et un cours individuel de conduite sur route. Résultats. À la suite de l’intervention, les participants ont significativement amélioré leur intérêt, leur ouverture et leurs connaissances en lien avec la conduite automobile (p = 0,01). Selon leur perception, peu de changements sont toutefois survenus dans leurs capacités de conduite et leur utilisation de stratégies compensatoires. Discussion. En améliorant l’intérêt, l’ouverture et les connaissances des conducteurs âgés, l’intervention les amène à mettre en place les premières étapes nécessaires à une meilleure régulation de comportement leur permettant de faire face aux difficultés en conduite liées à l’âge. Néanmoins, des études complémentaires impliquant un groupe contrôle et une évaluation sur route seraient nécessaires pour mieux appréhender les effets de cette intervention sur les différentes phases de changement de comportement permettant la mise en place d’une conduite sécuritaire chez les aînés. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Effects of a driving awareness intervention in older drivers Context. To extend safe driving of older drivers, it is important to set up awareness and improvement interventions. Aims. This pilot study aimed to verify the impacts of a theoretical and practical intervention in older drivers. Methods. A pre-experimental design including a pre-test and a post-test evaluations (questionnaires), before and four to eight weeks after the intervention, was used with 19 seniors aged 50 or older. The intervention was composed by the 55 Alive program, the awareness tool OSCAR and an on-road course. Results. Following the intervention, participants significantly improved their interest, openness and knowledge related to driving declared (p = 0.01). However, according to their perception, changes in their driving abilities and use of compensatory strategies have not occurred. Discussion. By improving the interest, openness and knowledge of older drivers, the intervention lead them to achieve the first steps required for the adoption of a behaviour change enabling them to deal with the age-related difficulties encountered in driving. Further investigations, involving a control group and an on-road evaluation, are required to more explore the effects of this intervention on the change in driving behaviors in older people.

Copyright of Revue Francophone de Recherche en Ergotherapie is the property of Communaute Pour l Avancement de la Recherche Appliquee Francophone en Ergotherapie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background.: Community engagement requires driving. However, there is paucity of research focusing on the potential to drive for people with schizophrenia. Purpose.: This study aimed to characterize people with schizophrenia by comparing clinical signs, executive functions (EF), and sociodemographic aspects of those holding a driver's license to those without one. Method.: This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to select 60 ambulatory individuals to participate: 31 with a driver's license and 29 without one. They completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for evaluation of EF and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for symptoms severity evaluation. Data were analyzed using multivariate analyses of covariance and logistic regression models. Findings.: Participants with a license had less severe negative symptoms and general psychopathology and better EF and sociodemographic aspects compared to those without a license. Logistic regression revealed significant odds ratios (OR) in general psychopathology (PANSS; OR = 0.963, p =.011) and in the WCST (OR = 0.504, p =.027). Implications.: This study offers occupational therapists a data-driven perspective on evaluating potential fitness to drive to enable participation in daily life and well-being of people with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background.: Route navigation is a high-level skill and requires intact executive functioning to successfully find one's way while driving in unfamiliar environments. Purpose.: Driving performances were compared while navigating using electronic devices and printed directions on unfamiliar driving routes as well as in an interactive driving simulator. Method.: Twenty-four participants drove two on-road routes using GPS and printed directions, and navigated using printed directions in the simulator, using a point system to evaluate performance. The two unfamiliar routes, order of simulator and on-road driving, and use of GPS and printed directions were counterbalanced. Paired t test were used to compare both GPS versus printed directions and performance between on-road driving and the simulator. Findings.: Participants' performance using GPS on the road was significantly better than with printed directions. There was no significant difference between performance in the simulator and on the road. Implications.: Using GPS may be an effective strategy for improving safety. Using a driving simulator may be an efficient means of evaluating the strategic level of driving, executive function, and readiness to drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that impacts a person’s fitness to drive. Practitioners require a sensitive and predictive battery of clinical tests to identify at-risk drivers. Purpose. This study aimed to identify clinical predictors and their optimal cut points, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of on-road outcomes in drivers with PD. Method. Participants (N = 101) underwent a comprehensive driving evaluation. We identified predictors of pass/fail outcomes through logistic regression and computed optimal cut points through receiver operating characteristic curves and corresponding Youden indexes. Findings. The Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B; sensitivity = .89, specificity = .74; positive predictive value [PPV] = .71; negative predictive value [NPV] = .91) and contrast sensitivity (sensitivity = .82, specificity = .63; PPV = .61; NPV = .84) emerged as significant predictors. The optimal cut point for the Trails B was 108 s (area under the curve = .86). Implications. Occupational therapists can benefit from implementing Trails B and contrast sensitivity screening as part of in-office screening of potentially at-risk drivers with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Current Western discourses on women's movements in Saudi Arabia proffer an understanding that is adverse to history and sidelines the region's local knowledges, replacing such knowledges with a techno-utopian assumption that technology would produce better social or political conditions, and exhibit a pattern of disembodiment. Analysis This article endeavours to disturb ahistorical, monolithic, and disembodied accounts of Saudi women's movements through three interventions: the historicization of the Saudi women's activism and feminist movements; the recognition of the heterogeneity of Saudi women's movements; and finally, the acknowledgement of the corporeality of Saudi women's resistance. Conclusion and implications These interventions facilitate a better, more nuanced, and more contextual understanding of revolutionary and feminist practices, not only in Saudi Arabia, but also elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Travail Humain is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Perceptual Load Theory has been proposed as a resolution to the longstanding early versus late selection debate in cognitive psychology. There is much evidence in support of Load Theory but very few applied studies, despite the potential for the model to shed light on everyday attention and distraction. Using a driving simulator, the effect of perceptual and cognitive load on drivers' visual search was assessed. The findings were largely in line with Load Theory, with reduced distractor processing under high perceptual load, but increased distractor processing under high cognitive load. The effect of load on driving behaviour was also analysed, with significant differences in driving behaviour under perceptual and cognitive load. In addition, the effect of perceptual load on drivers' levels of awareness was investigated. High perceptual load significantly increased inattentional blindness and deafness, for stimuli that were both relevant and irrelevant to driving. High perceptual load also increased RTs to hazards. The current study helps to advance Load Theory by illustrating its usefulness outside of traditional paradigms. There are also applied implications for driver safety and roadway design, as the current study suggests that perceptual and cognitive load are important factors in driver attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRUG PRESCRIPTION IS NOT A TRIVIAL MATTER, ESPECIALLY IN THE CASE OF POTENTIAL DRIVERS. THIS ARTICLE DEFINES THE BASIS FOR THE RESPONSIBLE PRESCRIPTION OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS BY A PSYCHIATRIST OR PRESCRIBING DOCTOR. IT CLARIFIES THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH PARTY. THE AUTHORS EXPLAIN THE NEED FOR INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION ATTESTING THE PATIENT'S AWARENESS OF THE PRESCRIPTION AND ITS EFFECTS., AS WELL AS THE APPROACH TO BE ADOPTED IN THE EVENT OF PATIENT INCAPACITY. La prescription médicamenteuse n'est pas un geste banal. Elle l'est d'autant moins chez le conducteur automobile potentiel. Cet article définit les bases d'une prescription responsable de psychotropes par le psychiatre ou le médecin prescripteur. Il éclaire la responsabilité de chacun, les auteurs définissent la nécessité d'information et de pièces documentant la connaissance de la prescription et de ses effets par le patient. Ils décrivent également la conduite à adopter en cas de constat d'inaptitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Travail Humain is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Travail Humain is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Little empirical support exists for interrater reliability between evaluators from different backgrounds when assessing on-road outcomes of drivers. Purpose. We quantified interrater reliability of on-road outcomes between a certified driving school instructor (DI) and an occupational therapist and certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS). Method. Both raters used the Global Rating Score (GRS) with two levels (pass, fail), the GRS with four levels (pass, pass with recommendations, fail remediable, fail), and the priority error rating score (PERS; most frequently occurring on-road errors in priority order) to assess 35 drivers (age, M = 48.31 years, SD = 9.76 years; 40% male; 86% with multiple sclerosis). Findings. The DI and occupational therapist CDRS had excellent agreement on the GRS with two levels (κ = .892, p < .0001), GRS with four levels (κ = .952, p < .0001), and the PERS (κ = .847–.902, p < .0001), indicating interrater reliability. Implications. This research contributes to empirical support for the on-road assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measures of «via sicura» intended to reduce the number of accidents and deaths on the road gradually come into effect. One such measure concerns the evidential value of the breathalyzer from 1st October 2016 in the case of arrest for drunk driving. It seemed therefore useful to re-emphasize forensic measurement interpretation of ethanol levels in exhaled air and blood, to recall the main conversions when a medical laboratory gives the result in mmol/l and to show the detailed alcohol back calculation when a blood test is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description. Les partenariats en ergothérapie entre les praticiens et les chercheurs sont importants pour produire des connaissances pertinentes pour la pratique clinique et pour favoriser la pratique fondée sur les données probantes au sein de la profession. But. Dans ce discours Muriel Driver, l’auteure discute des raisons pour lesquelles nous devons favoriser la participation des praticiens à la recherche et elle examine les conditions essentielles à la réussite des partenariats de recherche en collaboration. Questions clés. Les partenariats de collaboration peuvent réduire les obstacles empêchant les praticiens de participer à la recherche et permettre de veiller à ce que les initiatives de recherche soient plus pertinentes pour la pratique clinique. Les facteurs clés pour établir et maintenir des partenariats significatifs sont la présence de conditions préalables et favorables au partenariat en lien avec le contexte, de même que l’utilisation de principes directeurs axés sur la vision, les valeurs, la confiance, la communication, le partage du pouvoir et les interactions. Conséquences. Plusieurs des facteurs identifiés comme étant favorables à la réussite d’un partenariat de collaboration correspondent aux rôles fondamentaux des ergothérapeutes et témoignent de nos valeurs professionnelles. La prise en compte de ces facteurs lors de l’établissement de collaborations de recherche permettrait d’accroître les probabilités de réussite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Driver confidence can be measured through concepts such as driving frequency, situational avoidance, and self-perceptions. However, it is not clear how well confidence aligns with actual driving performance. Purpose. We examined the relationship between subjective measures of confidence in driving ability and on-road performance. Method. We report findings from two studies. The first compared scores from the Older and Wiser Driver Questionnaire to an on-road driving evaluation. The second looked at the Day and Night Driving Comfort Scales and Driving Habits and Intentions Questionnaire in relation to an on-road driving evaluation. Findings. No measures of confidence in driving ability were related to on-road driving performance. Implications. Confidence in driving ability bears little relationship to on-road performance. Future research should examine approaches to foster a better match between self-assessments and actual abilities among drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: As stroke can result in functional impairments that impact driving ability, many jurisdictions mandate a 30-day period of driving restriction post-stroke. However, between 26% and 38% of clients drive against medical advice during this period. Purpose: Informed by critical reflexivity of the literature and the first author's practice, this critical analysis paper (1) explicates and critiques how adherence to guidelines regarding driving after stroke in the first 30 days is conceptualized in individualistic, biomedically centred research and (2) argues for expanded understandings of driving based on a transactional occupational perspective. Key Issues: Individualistic, biomedical perspectives view driving against medical advice as an individually located phenomenon, generating partial understandings and individually focused solutions. Re-conceptualizing driving after stroke as a transactional occupational choice provides a productive basis for understanding and addressing driving within practice and research. Implications: Concepts from occupational science can generate new insights for research and client-centred practice regarding driving following stroke.

Copyright of Douleur et Analgésie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the author focuses on a study related to the utilization of actual practices to assess medical fitness to drive (FTD) at driver assessment centres (DACs) across Canada. Topics discussed include automobile driving, importance of both on and off road procedures, and inconsistency in assessment practices. Other topics discussed include tool validation, and training future assessors for ensuring the consistency of the process.

In this article, the author discusses a research related to the driving indicators in teenagers with attention deficit hyperactivity or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Topics discussed include automobile driving, pervasive developmental disorders, and motor vehicle accidents are the leading causes of death among teenagers. Other topics discussed include driving simulator, and comprehensive driving evaluation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) impacts the autonomic nervous system and cognitive functions related to activities of daily living, including driving an automobile. Although CVD has been linked to unsafe driving, mechanisms underlying this relationship remain elusive. The aim of this study was to examine the role of cognitive functions and the autonomic nervous system as potential mediators of driving performance. Nineteen individuals having recently suffered a cardiac event and 16 individuals with no history of CVD completed a simulated drive using a STISIM simulator to assess driving performance. Heart rate was recorded throughout testing using a Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor, and measures of executive, orienting, and alerting functions were obtained through the Attention Network Test. We used the Baron and Kenny analysis method to assess potential mediating effects of the relationship between CVD and driving performance. Executive function was the only potential mediator investigated to be associated with driving ( p < 0.01) and CVD ( p < 0.05); however, it did not appear to play a mediating role ( p = 0.28). These results suggest that individuals with CVD exhibit decrements in complex cognitive tasks such as driving and that further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Review of the literature regarding the impact of brain injury on driving skills. Materials and methods: Pubmed and Cochrane publications from 2000 to 2010. Results: Thirty-five articles were selected for this review of literature. Despite an increased risk of accident in this population according to retrospective studies, no methodology is currently validated to assess impact of brain injury, especially cognitive sequelae, on driving capacity, given the low level of evidence of studies. Assessment of attentional, executive and visuo-spatial deficits is given great importance. On-road assessments have to be carried out. Conclusion: It appears necessary to combine medical and neuropsychological evaluations with an on-road assessment of driving capacity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses a study on the pre-driving evaluation of teens with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) so as to prevent the vehicle crashes. Topics discussed include methodology comprising data collection from clinical tests and driving simulators , teen impairment with ADHD or ASD including integrate visual-motor responses, and ability to shift attention.

Copyright of Recherche Transports Sécurité is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lettre de Medecine Physique et de Readaptation is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Retrospective study of the results of confirmatory analysis performed by two laboratories in order to verify the overall performance of the screening tests (calculation of the positive predictive value) and to avaluate the overall performance of roadside tests when they are found positive. Material and Methods: Data collection of GCMS results for four major families of illicit substances, after urine or oral fluid screening tests, or in the case of no available screening data. Results: The illegal substance most frequently encountered in the tested drivers is cannabis, with a prevalence (among the analyzed samples) of 51% at the Lille University Hospital (458 confirmed cases out of 895) and 87% at the IRCGN (679 confirmed cases out of 779). At the Lille University Hospital amphetamines come second, with 6% prevalence among the analyzed samples (57 positives for 895 cases). The opiate family is found in 15 among 108 confirmation analyses at the IRCGN. Cases where the presence of morphine has been demonstrated remain difficult to interpret in regard to the use of street drugs because of confounding factors related to the administration of pain killers or the intake of licit opiates. Conclusion: Urine or oral fluid tests are therefore able to select drivers who have used narcotics before or while driving. Cannabis is the most frequently found substance, which is consistent with available data on consumption patterns in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memory Clinics provide evidence based diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Whenever a diagnosis of dementia is made, it is important to inform the patients about the possible impact of dementia on driving. Patients and their next of kin require competent advice whenever this difficult question is addressed and the mobility desire and the risks related to driving need to be carefully weight up. The time of diagnosis does not necessarily equate to the time when a person with dementia becomes an unsafe driver. The cause and severity of dementia, comorbidities and the current medication need to be carefully taken into account for this decision. On behalf of the association of the Swiss Memory Clinics, a group of experts has developed recommendations to assess fitness to drive in cognitively impaired older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving under the influence of alcohol or cannabis is a major public health concern, as both are major risk factors for motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Prevalence levels for both driving-risk behaviours have increased in Canada in recent years, despite punitive laws and enforcement aimed at impaired driving. Young drivers are a major risk group, due to their common substance use and MVA involvement. Data from a cohort of N=102 high-frequency cannabis users [18-28 years old, 70 males and 32 females] who were also active alcohol users, recruited by mass advertising from university student populations in Toronto, indicated that a significantly (p=0.009) higher proportion of the sample [35.0%] had driven a car while under the influence of cannabis than had driven while under the influence of alcohol [4.9%] or of a combination of cannabis and alcohol [3.9%] in the 30 days prior to the assessment. Multiple explanations of this finding are possible. First, law-enforcement and practical deterrence effects for alcohol- versus cannabis-impaired driving in Canada may be substantially different. Second, cannabis users may generally believe that the impairment effects of cannabis are limited, and frequent users may specifically believe in their ability to control cannabis's effects on driving. Implications for interventions and policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)