376 results on '"conductivité hydraulique"'
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2. Evaluation and determination of subsurface drainage spacing in two steady and unsteady flow conditions with closure of the impermeable layer to the ground surface. case study: Markazi province, Iran*.
- Author
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Moshayedi, Behzad, Najarchi, Mohsen, Najafizadeh, Mohammad Mahdi, and Khaghani, Shahab
- Subjects
UNSTEADY flow ,DRAINAGE ,UNDERGROUND areas ,SUBSURFACE drainage ,CASE studies ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,TIME management - Abstract
Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A combined laboratory and field-based experimental approach to characterize the heterogeneity of granular aquifers
- Author
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Boumaiza, Lamine, Chesnaux, Romain, Stotler, Randy L., Rouleau, Alain, Lévesque, Yan, Batelaan, Okke, Cousineau, Pierre A., Missimer, Thomas M., Boumaiza, Lamine, Chesnaux, Romain, Stotler, Randy L., Rouleau, Alain, Lévesque, Yan, Batelaan, Okke, Cousineau, Pierre A., and Missimer, Thomas M.
- Abstract
Effective groundwater resource management requires appropriate conceptualization of aquifer heterogeneity, which is challenging for pro-deltaic systems. This study focuses on heterogeneity within the Valin River paleodelta (Canada), a complex granular aquifer constituting a system that is a regional water supply source. This study integrates laboratory and field-based experimental measurements of various hydrogeological properties and classifies the sediments using diverse statistical techniques. It demonstrates the advantage of diversified characterization for a better understanding of aquifer heterogeneity. The hydrogeological properties—i.e., hydraulic conductivity (K) and porosity (n)—of 27 lithofacies identified in nine sandpits were estimated and assigned a range of values. The identified lithofacies were grouped into four operative-lithofacies before being assigned to three primary hydrofacies that were used to define the aquifer heterogeneity. The importance of integrated sediment and hydraulic properties assessment is that the techniques allow an understanding of the heterogeneity within a complex prodeltaic aquifer type. Two scales of heterogeneity are defined: (1) lithofacial scale wherein small differences in sediment texture (grain size properties), in sedimentary structures, and in other sediment features of lithofacies (mean grain diameter, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis) cause significant changes in K and n, (2) hydrofacial scale wherein specific lithology units define larger-scale aquifer flow and potential solute movement. The multi-methodology approach used for characterizing the aquifer heterogeneity is a prerequisite to complete necessary information for developing more accurate and complex hydrogeological models. Une gestion efficace de la ressource en eau souterraine requiert une formalisation appropriée de l’hétérogénéité de l’aquifère, ce qui est difficile pour les systèmes pro-deltaïques. La présente étude porte sur l’hétérogénéité au sein
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- 2023
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4. Evaluating the infiltration performance of grassed swales : Comparison between point measurements and a full-scale infiltration method : [Évaluation des performances d'infiltration d'une noue enherbée : Comparaison entre des mesures ponctuelles et une méthode d'infiltration grandeur nature]
- Author
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Mantilla, Ivan, Flanagan, Kelsey, Broekhuizen, Ico, Muthanna, Tone, Viklander, Maria, Mantilla, Ivan, Flanagan, Kelsey, Broekhuizen, Ico, Muthanna, Tone, and Viklander, Maria
- Abstract
Due to large spatial and temporal variations of soil properties that govern swale infiltration capacities, traditional methods for estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) values could potentially lead to erroneous estimation of the total system infiltration capacity. To increase the knowledge of grassed swale infiltration performance and the relationship between hydraulic properties related to the spatial variation within the swale, two methods were applied to estimate ksat values: 1) point measurements using the Modified Philip Dunne (MPD) Infiltrometer, and 2) a full-scale infiltration test (FSIT). A large variation in calculated ksat values was found, ranging from 22 to 1382 mm/hr, with lower/higher values at the swale bottom, and right swale slope respectively. Infiltration point measurements, with a geometric mean of 81 mm/hr, showed higher infiltration rates than those obtained from FSIT, which yielded 34 and 22 mm/hr (for test 1 and 2 respectively). Moreover, FSIT results showed an agreement with ksat values obtained from MPD infiltrometer at the swale bottom. In addition, infiltration rates are significantly reduced as the groundwater mound gets closer to the bottom of the grassed swale., En raison des grandes variations spatiales et temporelles des propriétés du sol qui régissent les capacités d'infiltration des noues, les méthodes traditionnelles d'estimation des valeurs de conductivité hydraulique saturée (ksat) pourraient potentiellement conduire à une estimation erronée de la capacité d'infiltration totale du système. Afin d'accroître la connaissance des capacités d'infiltration des noues enherbées et de la relation entre les propriétés hydrauliques liées aux classes de texture du sol, deux méthodes ont été appliquées pour estimer les valeurs de ksat : 1) des mesures ponctuelles à l'aide de l'infiltromètre Philip Dunne modifié (MPD), et 2) un test d’infiltration à pleine échelle (FSIT). Une grande variation dans les valeurs calculées de ksat a été trouvée, allant de 22 à 1382 mm/h, avec des valeurs inférieures/élevées au fond de la noue et à droite de la pente de la noue respectivement. Les mesures des points d'infiltration, avec une moyenne géométrique de 81 mm/h, ont montré des taux d'infiltration plus élevés que ceux obtenus à partir du FSIT, avec 34 et 22 mm/h (pour les tests 1 et 2 respectivement). De plus, les résultats du FSIT ont montré un accord avec les valeurs de ksat obtenues au fond de la noue. De plus, les taux d'infiltration diminuent considérablement à mesure que le niveau de la nappe phréatique se rapproche du fond de la noue enherbée.
- Published
- 2023
5. Pitcher Irrigation: Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects.
- Author
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Martínez de Azagra Paredes, A. and Del Río San José, J.
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IRRIGATION management ,IRRIGATION ,SUBIRRIGATION ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,MICROIRRIGATION - Abstract
Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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6. Formation of Highly Permeable Soil on a Heavy Soil Base Under Tidal Irrigation and Drainage Conditions.
- Author
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Ashrafi, Shahram, Tajik, Fouad, and Akram, Mojtaba
- Subjects
PERMEABLE reactive barriers ,SOILS ,IRRIGATION ,DRAINAGE ,WATER quality - Abstract
Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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7. Jack pine becomes more vulnerable to cavitation with increasing latitudes under doubled CO2 concentration.
- Author
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Newaz, Md. Shah, Dang, Qing-Lai, and Man, Rongzhou
- Subjects
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JACK pine , *CLIMATE change , *SOIL moisture , *CARBON dioxide , *HYDRAULIC conductivity - Abstract
Trees may migrate northward in response to climate change and become exposed to new photoperiod and soil moisture regimes. This study assessed the impacts of photoperiod and its interaction with soil moisture and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on the hydraulic conductivity in jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and its vulnerability to xylem embolism. Seedlings were exposed to 400 vs. 950 μmol·mol−1 [CO2], 60%-70% vs. 30%-40% (of field capacity) soil moisture, and photoperiods of seed origin and 5° and 10° north of seed origin in greenhouses. Cavitation vulnerability curves were measured for determining the xylem pressure at which 50% hydraulic conductivity was lost (ΨPLC50). It was found that elevated [CO2] significantly increased hydraulic conductivity, whereas low soil moisture decreased it. Under elevated [CO2], the xylem became progressively more vulnerable to embolism with changes in photoperiod regime from the seed origin to 10° north of the seed origin, as indicated by the progressively less negative ΨPLC50. However, no such a trend was detected under the ambient [CO2]. The results suggest that the species may become less resistant to drought as the atmospheric [CO2] increases, hindering the northward migration or seed transfers. Even within its current natural distribution range, trees near its northern boundary of the range may be more vulnerable to embolism as the atmospheric [CO2] increases even without any change in moisture conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Electrical resistivity tomography data assimilation using ensemble Kalman filter for heat tracing test: a case study in Quebec city, Quebec, Canada.
- Author
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Shariatinik, Benyamin and Shariatinik, Benyamin
- Abstract
Les systèmes d’énergie géothermique, comme les pompes à chaleur d’aquifère utilisent le sous-sol dans les zones urbaines comme sources d’énergie renouvelable. Il est nécessaire de caractériser les propriétés hydrauliques du sous-sol avant l’installation de tels systèmes. Dans ce contexte, un test d’injection de chaleur est une méthode reconnue qui peut aider à l’optimisation de la conception du système. Lors de ces tests d’injection de chaleur, le suivi peut être effectué avec des capteurs de température, des capteurs de pression d’eau et la tomographie de résistivité électrique (ERT) pour aider à caractériser les propriétés hydrogéologiques. Les outils de surveillance utilisés antérieurement comportent des lacunes comme des données de faible résolution et un lissage excessif, de sorte qu’ils ne peuvent pas reproduire l’hétérogénéité des propriétés hydrogéologiques. Les filtres de Kalman d’ensemble (EnKF) est un outil prometteur qui peut aider à surmonter le problème du lissage excessif pour évaluer l’hétérogénéité des propriétés hydrogéologiques. Ici, nous proposons une méthodologie pour assimiler les données d‘ERT dans un modèle numérique d’écoulement des eaux souterraines et de transfert de chaleur; où l’eau souterraine est extraite, et l’eau chauffée est réinjectée dans un aquifère de gravier sableux non confiné, soit un site expérimental situé à Québec au Canada. L’ensemble de données d’ERT contient 11 étapes temporelles. Nous avons évalué la qualité des données ERT en vérifiant la moyenne des variations de résistivité apparente mesurées au fil du temps et en effectuant une inversion électrique pour vérifier si elles contiennent des informations sur l’expérience d’injection de chaleur. Le modèle à éléments finis de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines et du transfert de chaleur développé avec FEFLOW 7.3 a été intégré à la relation pétro physique et à la modélisation électrique directe (Resipy) afin d’estimer les valeurs de résistivité électrique. Ensuite, la rési
- Published
- 2022
9. Using analytical and numerical methods to assess the influence of the structural parameters of fractured-rock on controlling water flow in underground excavations
- Author
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Shahbazi, Alireza and Shahbazi, Alireza
- Abstract
Water seepage into underground excavations is one of the most important challenges in aboveground and underground civil works. This phenomenon may hinder the excavation rate, and increase the risk of rockfall from wall of the tunnel and subsidence of aboveground buildings. Since most of the underground and aboveground structures are built in rocky formations, the permeability of the fractured rock mass is the main parameter that determines the amount of discharge that occurs through the rock mass. In this regard, the hydraulic conductivity of rock mass has been focused by many researches to evaluate the fluid flow, and has been studied by empirical, analytical and numerical methods. In the present thesis, the amount of flow through the rock mass has been investigated by using analytical and numerical methods (3DEC software), and due to the practicality of the topic, the amount of inflow rate to the tunnel in the present study is more focused. For this purpose, the tunnel inflow rate and its dependence on the geometrical characteristics of the discontinuities have been formulated using analytical and numerical modelling methods. In addition, the effect of the geometry of joint sets and tunnels as well as the groundwater regime on the amount of inflow rate to the tunnel has been investigated using the response surface methodology and numerical simulation method. In order to ensure the representativeness of numerical models for calculation of the inflow rate to the tunnel, same as what is referred in the literature as REV, a new concept, called STL, has been introduced to determine the representative length of the tunnel in terms of geometric characteristics of discontinuities. Apart from the effect of joint set characteristics on the inflow rate to the tunnel, the effect of rock block geometries such as block volume, block surface and volumetric fracture intensity (P32) on the inflow rate to the tunnel has been investigated by numerical and analytical methods. In this
- Published
- 2022
10. Membrane behavior of compacted sand-bentonite mixture.
- Author
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Meier, Amara J. and Shackelford, Charles D.
- Subjects
BENTONITE ,SAND ,SOIL permeability ,SOIL compaction ,SOIL stabilization - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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11. Insight into hydraulic conductivity testing of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) exhumed after 5 and 7 years in a cover.
- Author
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Rowe, R.K., Brachman, R.W.I., Hosney, M.S., Take, W.A., and Arnepalli, D.N.
- Subjects
GEOSYNTHETICS ,BENTONITE ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,ION exchange (Chemistry) ,SOILS ,CLAY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Field and laboratory permeability of asphalt concrete pavements.
- Author
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Awadalla, Moustafa, Abd El Halim, A.O., Hassan, Yasser, Bashir, Imran, and Pinder, Frank
- Subjects
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ASPHALT pavement design & construction , *PERMEABILITY , *HYDRAULIC conductivity , *SPECIFIC gravity , *TENSILE strength - Abstract
Hot mix asphalt pavements that have been poorly designed, compacted, and (or) constructed have higher chances of experiencing moisture-related damage. This research evaluates the interrelationship between field-laboratory permeability and other mechanical and physical pavement characteristics. Eight sites in Eastern Ontario were selected for evaluating the pavement's field permeability and core extraction. Laboratory specimens of the same mixes studied in the field were prepared using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC). The relative density (RD), lab permeability, and indirect tensile strength (IDT) tests were performed on the field-recovered cores and SGC specimens. Permeability, RD, and IDT were found to be related such that as RD and (or) IDT decreases, the permeability increases exponentially. The strength of these relationships varied for the three test settings (SGC, field-recovered cores, and field measurements). The coefficients of field permeability and laboratory permeability using field-recovered cores were statistically different, with a fair relationship between these two test settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Performance of polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixture for covering arsenic-rich gold mine tailings for up to 4 years.
- Author
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Hosney, M.S. and Rowe, R. Kerry
- Subjects
GOLD mine waste ,METAL tailings ,ARSENIC & the environment ,BENTONITE ,HYDRAULIC conductivity - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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14. Physiological responses to alternative flooding and drought stress episodes in two willow ( Salix spp.) clones.
- Author
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Doffo, Guillermo N., Monteoliva, Silvia E., Rodríguez, María E., and Luquez, Virginia M.C.
- Subjects
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DROUGHTS , *WILLOWS , *CLIMATE change , *FLOODS , *PLANT shoots - Abstract
Climate change will increase the occurrence of flash floods as a consequence of extreme rain events, creating alternate periods of drought and flooding during the growing season. We analyzed the responses of two willow clones with contrasting responses to flooding (clone B, Salix matsudana × Salix alba hybrid; clone Y, Salix alba) to different combinations of stress treatments: continuous flooding or drought for six weeks, or cyclic treatments of two weeks of stress separated by two weeks of watering at field capacity. Drought reduced growth, stomatal conductance, and total leaf area in both clones, but flooding did not. Flooding reduced the root to shoot ratio in both clones. The hydraulic conductivity of the main stem was significantly reduced by drought only in clone Y. The area of the vessels was decreased by both drought and flooding, but the number was increased only by drought. The occurrence of drought before flooding reduced the vessel area, but the opposite treatment did not. An episode of drought after one of flooding is more stressful than the opposite situation, especially for clone Y, which could not adjust its water transport capacity during the drought period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Experimental and numerical investigations into hydraulic behaviour of coir fibre drain.
- Author
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Nguyen, Thanh Trung and Indraratna, Buddhima
- Subjects
HYDRODYNAMICS ,NATURAL fibers ,DRAINAGE ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,DISCRETE element method ,POROUS materials ,CLAY soils ,MICROMECHANICS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et du niveau de contamination métallique (Cd, Pb, Zn) des rejets d'eaux usées d'Oran et de Mostaganem (littoral Ouest algérien)
- Author
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Sadia Remili and Ahmed Kerfouf
- Subjects
Travertines ,urban effluent ,effluent urbain ,Sabkha ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,Banquise ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Flood risks ,Avifaune ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Climate change ,Risks ,Conductivité hydraulique ,heavy metals ,Volcano ,eaux usées ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,écosystème marin ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,effluent industriel ,Histoire du climat ,Palynology ,Coastal geomorphology ,Environnement ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Zones humides ,Lahar ,Algérie ,marine ecosystem ,Eau ,Littoral ,Wetland ,Terrasses alluviales ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Access to water ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Sea ice ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,pollution métallique ,Environment ,Sebkha ,Oran ,Barrier beach ,Birds ,Embouchure ,Sécheresse ,Alluvial terraces ,littoral ouest algérien ,Orbieu ,Sea level ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Lits fluviaux ,Volcan ,Vegetation ,Drought ,Shoreline ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,industrial effluent ,Ecosystème marin ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Channel morphology ,Palynologie ,Algeria ,Zones inondables ,Climatologie ,western Algerian coast ,Hydrology ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration ,Mostaganem - Abstract
Les zones côtières sont le lieu d'activités nécessitant des eaux de bonne qualité physico-chimique : usages récréatifs, aquaculture et pêche. Ces zones sont sous l'influence directe des eaux d'oueds et des eaux usées, par où transitent les apports des bassins versants, rejets urbains et industriels. Ces rejets entraînent, lorsque le renouvellement des masses d'eau est faible par rapport aux quantités rejetées, des dégradations notables de la qualité des eaux et des écosystèmes marins.La présente étude porte sur une évaluation qualitative des eaux d'effluents urbains et industriels de deux pôles urbains du littoral oranais (Oran et Mostaganem), dans l'objectif d'évaluer l'état de la contamination par les métaux lourds (Cd, Pb et Zn), ainsi que l'évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique des eaux marines pour déterminer l'impact potentiel de la pollution métallique sur la côte ouest algérienne.La concentration moyenne du cadmium est maximale pour le rejet industriel de Mostaganem (0,88 mg/l – écart-type : 1,35 mg/l). Pour le zinc, la concentration moyenne la plus élevée (0,92 mg/l – écart-type : 1,35 mg/l) correspond au rejet urbain de Mostaganem. Le plomb présente des teneurs moyennes assez fortes au niveau des trois rejets étudiés : 0,23 mg/l pour le rejet urbain d'Oran (écart-type : 0,22 mg/l), 0,22 mg/l pour le rejet industriel de Mostaganem (écart-type : 0,21 mg/l) et 0,19 mg/l pour le rejet urbain de Mostaganem (écart-type : 0,20 mg/l). Si les concentrations en métaux lourds varient beaucoup d'un prélèvement à l'autre, comme le traduisent les écarts-types, aucune évolution durable ne ressort. Seules les teneurs moyennes du cadmium dépassent la limite normative. The coastal areas are the locus of activities requiring water of good physicochemical quality: recreational uses, aquaculture and fishing. These areas are under the direct influence of wadis and wastewaters which pass by the contributions of watersheds, urban and industrial discharge. These discharges result, when the renewal of water masses is small compared to release, significant degradation of water quality and marine ecosystem.This study focuses on an assessment of water quality of urban and industrial effluents from two coastal urban centers western (Oran and Mostaganem), with the aim of assessing the state of contamination by heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn), as well as the evaluation of the physico-chemical quality of marine waters to determine the potential impact of metal pollution on the west coast of Algeria.The average concentration of cadmium is maximal for the industrial effluent of Mostaganem (0.88 mg.l-1 – standard deviation: 1.35 mg.l-1). For zinc, the highest average concentration corresponds to the urban effluent of Mostaganem (0.92 mg.l-1 – standard deviation: 1.35 mg.l-1). Lead has average concentrations high enough at the three studied effluents: 0.23 mg.l-1 at the urban effluent of Oran (standard deviation: 0.22 mg.l-1), 0.22 mg.l-1 at the industrial effluent of Mostaganem (standard deviation: 0.21 mg.l-1) and 0.19 mg.l-1 at the urban effluent of Mostaganem (standard deviation: 0.20 mg.l-1). If heavy metal concentrations vary greatly from one sample to another, as reflected in the standard deviations, no lasting change is apparent. Only average levels of cadmium are exceeding the normative.
- Published
- 2022
17. Localisation des zones d'accès à l'eau en saison sèche par analyse multicritère dans le bassin versant du Goudébo (région de Yakouta, Burkina Faso)
- Author
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Lucien Ouedraogo, Tanga Pierre Zoungrana, Blaise Ouedraogo, Ibrahim Bouzou Moussa, Oumar Kabore, and Pawendkisgou Isidore Yanogo
- Subjects
Travertines ,Sabkha ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,Banquise ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Avifaune ,Flood risks ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Climate change ,Risks ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Volcano ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Histoire du climat ,Palynology ,Coastal geomorphology ,Environnement ,Zones humides ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Lahar ,Heavy metals ,Eau ,Littoral ,Wetland ,Terrasses alluviales ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Access to water ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Sea ice ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Sebkha ,Environment ,Eaux usées ,Barrier beach ,Embouchure ,Birds ,Sécheresse ,Alluvial terraces ,Burkina Faso ,Marine ecosystem ,Orbieu ,Sea level ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Lits fluviaux ,Volcan ,Vegetation ,Drought ,Shoreline ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,système d'information géographique ,Ecosystème marin ,analyse multicritère ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Palynologie ,Channel morphology ,Zones inondables ,Climatologie ,Hydrology ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
L'étude a pour objectif l'identification des zones d'accès à l'eau des agro-pasteurs en saison sèche dans le bassin versant du Goudébo. La démarche utilisée est l'Analyse à Référence Spatiale (AMC-RS) basée sur le Système d'Information Géographique et l'analyse multicritère. Les points d'eau utilisés pour les différents besoins (cours d'eau, boulis, forages, mares, citernes, puisards, puits et barrages) ont été répertoriés avec les populations. Les documents cartographiques et les levés de terrain ont permis, grâce au SIG, de constituer une base de données cartographique de ces éléments. La prise en compte des temps de trajet a permis de spatialiser l'accessibilité aux points d'eau. Les AMC-RS ont été réalisées à partir des résultats du SIG, sur la base de critères de pondération proposés par les producteurs lors des séances d'interviews semi-structurées. Les résultats de l'analyse ont donné 7,4 % de zones présentant un bon niveau d'accès cumulé à différents types de point d'eau. Ces zones relativement limitées sont circonscrites autour de 20 % des villages. L'importance prise par les barrages, et particulièrement celui de Yakouta, pose le problème de la gestion de leur bassin d'alimentation dans l'avenir. The study aims to identify areas where agro-pastoralists access to water during the dry season in the drainage basin of the river Goudébo. The approach is the spatial reference analysis AMC-RS based on Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Analysis. Water points used for different needs (boulis, drillings, ponds, tanks, sumps, wells and dams) were identified with the people. Cartographic documents and field surveys have constitute, through the GIS, a map database of these elements. Taking into account the travel times allowed a spatial representation of the accessibility to water points. The AMC-RS were made from the results of GIS, on the basis of criteria proposed by the people during the interviewing sessions. The results of the analysis gave 7.4 % of areas with a high level of aggregate access to different types of water point. These relatively small areas are circumscribed around 40 % of the villages. The importance taken by dams, and particularly that of Yakouta, puts the problem of the management of their feed area in the future.geographic information system, multi-criteria analysis, access to water, Burkina Faso
- Published
- 2022
18. Les paysages végétaux du djebel Mégriss (Tell septentrional, Algérie) : diversité des écosystèmes, richesse floristique, ampleur de l'anthropisation
- Author
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Nacira Boulaacheb
- Subjects
Travertines ,Sabkha ,Wastewater ,vegetal biodiversity ,Accès à l'eau ,Banquise ,végétation relictuelle ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Flood risks ,Avifaune ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Climate change ,Risks ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Volcano ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,Tell ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Histoire du climat ,Palynology ,Coastal geomorphology ,Environnement ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Zones humides ,Lahar ,Algérie ,Geography ,Heavy metals ,Eau ,relict vegetation ,Littoral ,Wetland ,Terrasses alluviales ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,biodiversité végétale ,Access to water ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,anthropization ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Sea ice ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Environment ,Sebkha ,Eaux usées ,Barrier beach ,Birds ,Embouchure ,Sécheresse ,Alluvial terraces ,Marine ecosystem ,Orbieu ,Sea level ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Lits fluviaux ,Volcan ,Vegetation ,Drought ,Shoreline ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,Forestry ,Geomorphology ,Anthropization ,Végétation ,anthropisation ,Ecosystème marin ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Channel morphology ,Palynologie ,Algeria ,Zones inondables ,Climatologie ,Hydrology ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
Entre la Petite Kabylie, au nord, le Hodna, au sud, et les Aurès, au sud-est, s'étendent les Hautes Plaines sétifiennes, terroir céréalier réputé. Dans ces vastes plaines semi-arides, plusieurs massifs montagneux sont isolés. Le djebel Mégriss est l'un des massifs les plus importants de la partie nord de ces Hautes Plaines. Il joue le rôle d'une barrière géographique, en diminuant les influences du sud sur les massifs avoisinants, notamment les monts du Djurdjura et des Babors. Il peut aussi être à l'origine de phénomènes d'isolement biologique, qui ont conduit au maintien d'espèces relictuelles dans des biotopes très localisés, comme des mares temporaires.Il se caractérise par une grande diversité de milieux terrestres et aquatiques. Les milieux terrestres sont représentés, sur le plateau et ses talus, par des pelouses et des matorrals bas. Les milieux humides se composent de mares temporaires de superficie variable, de sources, de ruisseaux temporaires, de prairies inondées en hiver et de marécages à graminoïdes. Cette variété des milieux a joué un grand rôle dans la diversité de la flore où 500 espèces végétales (Phanérogames et Cryptogames vasculaires) et 22 sous-espèces ont été recensées appartenant à 276 genres et 72 familles.Parmi les espèces végétales vasculaires recensées, 40 % sont d'origine méditerranéenne, 24 % sont d'origine nordique, 19 % sont des espèces de transition entre l'élément méditerranéen et les autres éléments chorologiques, 10 % sont des endémiques, 5 % sont des cosmopolites et 2 % sont d'origine tropicale.Deux des particularités de la flore du massif sont, d'une part, sa richesse en orchidées, en particulier en Dactylorhiza, genre eurasiatique, monophylétique, présent principalement dans les zones boréales et tempérées du globe, et, d'autre part, la présence de nombreuses espèces rares appartenant à d'autres secteurs que le Constantinois auquel appartient le djebel Mégriss (Butomus umbellatus, Myosorus minimus, Brunella laciniata, etc.).Le site est menacé par de multiples formes d'anthropisation : surpâturage, captation d'eau, propagation d'espèces envahissantes, cueillette, pollution. Between the little Kabylia, in the North, the Hodna, in the South, and the Aurès, in the southeast, extends the High Plains within the Sétif Province. In these vast plains, semi-arid, several mounts are isolated. The djebel Megriss, represents one of the most important mounts of the north part of these High Plains. It plays the role of a geographical barrier, by decreasing the influences of the South on the neighbouring mounts, in particular the mounts of Djurdjura and Babors. It can also be at the origin of phenomena of biological isolation, which drove to the preservation of relics in very located biotopes (temporary ponds).Its ecosystem is extremely heterogeneous in terms of environment, with characteristic grassland, meadows, low shrubland consisting of Quercusilex and low shrubland consisting of Calicotome and Ampelodesmos ("diss grass"); a peculiarity is the presence of temporary ponds, sources, temporary streams, meadows flooded in winter and meadows dominate by Juncus and Carex.This variety of environment played a big role in the variety of the flora where 500 botanical species (Phanerogams and vascular Cryptogams) and 22 subspecies were listed belonging to 276 genres and 72 families.Among the botanical species vascular listed, 40 % are of Mediterranean origin, 24 % are septentrional, 19 % are species of transition between the Mediterranean element and the other elements, 10 % are endemic, 5 % are cosmopolitan and 2 % are tropical.Two of the peculiarities of the flora of the massif are, on one hand, its wealth in orchids, in particular in Dactylorhiza, present mainly in the boreal and temperate zones of the globe, and, on the other hand, the presence of numerous rare species and belonging to the other sectors than the Constantine region to which belongs djebel Megriss (Butomusumbellatus, Myosorusminima, Brunella laciniata, etc.).The ecosystem is affected by many menaces (cultivation, repeated passage, harnessing of the water, the picking, the distribution of intrusive species, pollution).
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- 2022
19. Contribution à l'histoire récente de la végétation du Bas-Loukkos (province de Larache, Maroc)
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Aziz Ballouche, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
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Travertines ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,01 natural sciences ,parkland ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Climate change ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Volcano ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Palynology ,Zones humides ,Morocco ,Heavy metals ,Loukkos ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Wetland ,palynologie ,010506 paleontology ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,Sea ice ,Environment ,Embouchure ,Marine ecosystem ,Sea level ,paysage ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Volcan ,Shoreline ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,15. Life on land ,Maroc ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Climatologie ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,Sabkha ,010501 environmental sciences ,Banquise ,Avifaune ,Flood risks ,11. Sustainability ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Risks ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Histoire du climat ,Coastal geomorphology ,Environnement ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Lahar ,Eau ,Littoral ,Terrasses alluviales ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Access to water ,Hydraulic conductivity ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Sebkha ,Eaux usées ,Barrier beach ,Birds ,Sécheresse ,Alluvial terraces ,Orbieu ,palynology ,vegetation history ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lits fluviaux ,parc arboré ,Vegetation ,Drought ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,landscape ,Ecosystème marin ,Vegetation history ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Channel morphology ,Zones inondables ,Hydrology ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
International audience; The study area is a geographical entity organized around the floodplain of the lower river valley of the Oued Loukkos and the historic cities of Lixus and Larache. Owing to the double heritage value of this area, natural and historical, the reconstruction of the recent history of its vegetation and its landscapes is particularly relevant. Besides his former occupation in prehistory and antiquity, the area of Larache has played an important role in the Middle Ages and modern times into the greater or lesser strained relations between Morocco and European Powers. In the history, the river Loukkos has always been a route of penetration inside the country and its mouth a strategic site. The port of Larache was also the main export outlet for productions of Gharb and great cities of the hinterland as Basra or Fez (cork, grains, wool ...), since the 16th century. Based on a pollen diagram obtained in the adjacent valley of Oued Sakh-Sokh, we propose here to reconstruct the outline of recent vegetation history (since 14th century), especially the wetlands of the floodplain and the cork oak forest, which constitutes the natural vegetation of the area. This information will then crossed with available historical sources for assessing the various factors of landscape dynamics identified since medieval times. The role of different waves of population and their kinds of exploitation and enhancement of the environment are examined. Degradation of the forest is old because it is on the territory of the cork oak forest that clearing activities took place, mainly for cereal cultivation and livestock. Other human activities such as logging, charcoal production, shipbuilding or fires there also contributed. Agro-silvo-pastoral Parklands are built at the same time. They are comparable to the Dehesa and Montado from the Iberian Peninsula. The history of these original landscapes is recognized for the first time in Morocco.; La reconstitution de l'histoire récente de la végétation et des paysages de la région du Bas-Loukkos, sur la côte atlantique de la péninsule tingitane, avec les villes historiques de Lixus et Larache, revêt un intérêt particulier en raison d'une double valeur patrimoniale : naturelle et historique. A partir d'un diagramme pollinique de l'Oued Sakh-Sokh, les grandes lignes de l'évolution récente de la végétation (depuis le 14ème siècle) sont retracées, en particulier celle de la dépression humide et de la forêt de chêne-liège, qui constitue la végétation naturelle de la zone. Ces informations sont ensuite croisées avec les sources historiques disponibles pour apprécier les différents facteurs des dynamiques paysagères identifiées, depuis l'époque médiévale. Le rôle des différentes vagues de peuplement et leurs formes d'exploitation et de mise en valeur de l'espace est examiné. La dégradation de la forêt est ancienne. Élevage, agriculture et autres activités humaines (exploitation du bois, charbonnage, chantiers navals, incendies) y contribuèrent. Parallèlement, se construisent des parcs arborés à finalité agro-sylvo-pastorale comparables à la Dehesa et au Montado de la Péninsule Ibérique. L'histoire de ces paysages originaux est reconnue pour la première fois au Maroc.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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20. Problèmes d'environnement liés à l'urbanisation contemporaine dans le système endoreïque d'Essijoumi (Tunisie nord-orientale)
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Walid Chouari
- Subjects
Travertines ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Climate change ,Conductivité hydraulique ,while the banks of the sabkha are constantly marshy and that water persists even during the hottest period of the year ,Volcano ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Tunis ,Palynology ,a whole natural ,Zones humides ,Geography ,social and economic context underwent a fast and profound transformation. The society occupies and exploits an environment which should had been left in a natural state ,Heavy metals ,Wetland ,environment ,Tunisia ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,Sea ice ,Tunisie ,or at least been managed with a great deal of precaution and a deep knowledge of its dynamics ,Embouchure ,Marine ecosystem ,Sea level ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Volcan ,Shoreline ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,the pollution of this stretch of water appears complex ,urbanisation anarchique ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Palynologie ,Climatologie ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,in great part through the Gueriana wadi. Today ,making arable lands the center of an unregulated urbanization process. The extension of the impermeable zones ,Sabkha ,Banquise ,sebkha ,bilan hydrologique ,Avifaune ,west of the center of Tunis ,Flood risks ,and development activities were at the origin of considerable flows of domestic and industrial wastewater which links up with the sabkha Essijoumi ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,pollution ,Risks ,hydrological assessment ,On the banks of the sabkha Essijoumi ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,Histoire du climat ,Coastal geomorphology ,environnement ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Lahar ,Eau ,Littoral ,Terrasses alluviales ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Access to water ,Hydraulic conductivity ,bacteriological and chemical.In fact ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Eaux usées ,écosystème ,Barrier beach ,Birds ,Sécheresse ,Alluvial terraces ,Orbieu ,Lits fluviaux ,ecosystem ,Vegetation ,at the same time organic ,uncontrolled urbanization ,Drought ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,Ecosystème marin ,demographic growth is accompanied by a sustained urban extension ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Channel morphology ,increase in population ,Zones inondables ,Hydrology ,Humanities ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
Sur les rives de la sebkha Essijoumi, à l'ouest du centre de Tunis, la croissance démographique est accompagnée d'une extension urbaine soutenue, qui fait des terres agricoles le bassin d'accueil d'une urbanisation le plus souvent non réglementée. L'extension des zones imperméables, l'accroissement de la population et le développement des activités sont à l'origine d'écoulements considérables d'eaux de ruissellement et d'eaux usées domestiques et industrielles, qui rejoignent la sebkha Essijoumi, en grande partie par l'intermédiaire de l'oued Guériana. Aujourd'hui, alors que les rives de la sebkha sont constamment marécageuses et que l'eau y persiste même pendant la période la plus chaude de l'année, la pollution du plan d'eau paraît complexe, tout à la fois organique, bactériologique et chimique.En fait, tout un contexte naturel, social et économique a subi une transformation rapide et profonde. La société occupe et exploite un milieu qui aurait dû rester à l'état naturel ou dont l'aménagement exigeait à tout le moins de nombreuses précautions et une connaissance profonde de sa dynamique.
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- 2022
21. Ampleur de la sécheresse dans le bassin d'alimentation du barrage Meffrouche (Nord-Ouest de l'Algérie)
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Abderrahmane Nekkache Ghenim and Abdesselam Megnounif
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Travertines ,lame d'eau écoulée ,SPI ,Sabkha ,runoff ,drought ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,Banquise ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Flood risks ,Avifaune ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Climate change ,Risks ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Volcano ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,sécheresse ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Histoire du climat ,Palynology ,Coastal geomorphology ,Environnement ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Zones humides ,Lahar ,Algérie ,Geography ,Heavy metals ,Eau ,Littoral ,Wetland ,Terrasses alluviales ,précipitations ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Access to water ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,Hydraulic conductivity ,rainfall ,Sea ice ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Environment ,Sebkha ,Eaux usées ,Barrier beach ,Birds ,Embouchure ,Alluvial terraces ,Marine ecosystem ,Orbieu ,Sea level ,lcsh:Physical geography ,break ,Lits fluviaux ,Volcan ,Vegetation ,Shoreline ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Changements climatiques ,Meffrouche ,Floodplains ,Water ,Forestry ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,Ecosystème marin ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Channel morphology ,Palynologie ,Algeria ,rupture ,Zones inondables ,Climatologie ,Hydrology ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
Situé au Nord Ouest de l'Algérie, le bassin versant en amont du barrage Meffrouche, d'une superficie de 89 km2, a reçu des précipitations annuelles moyennes de 659 mm (à Meffrouche) sur une période de 68 années (1943-44 à 2010-11). Ce bassin, à l'instar de l'ensemble du Maghreb, subit depuis quelques décennies une sécheresse persistante. Différentes approches utilisant les données pluviométriques et hydrologiques sont utilisées dans cette étude afin de préciser le degré de sévérité de cette sécheresse. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'existence d'une cassure d'homogénéité vers le milieu des années 1970. La période avant cette date est qualifiée d'humide, celle qui suit de sèche. Le déficit de la seconde période par rapport à la première, est évalué à près de 30 % pour les précipitations et à plus de 60 % pour les écoulements. Si les années très humides ou extrêmement sèches ont été observées, les deux périodes mises en évidence montrent une humidité, pour l'une, et une sécheresse, pour l'autre, d'intensité légère. Une ou deux années déficitaires en pluviométrie au milieu d'années excédentaires, n'a pas d'effet direct sur l'alimentation en eau des barrages. Par contre, la succession de plusieurs années à pluviométrie moyenne peut générer une année aux écoulements abondants. Meffrouche watershed, located in North-West Algeria with a land area of 89 km2, collects a mean annual rainfall of 659 mm (Meffrouche), computed over a period of 68 years (19431944 to 2010-2011). This basin, like most of the Maghreb, has been undergoing a persistent drought for a few decades. Different approaches, using a dataset of precipitation and depth of runoff, are addressed in this study to highlight the severity of this drought. The results obtained show the existence of a break of homogeneity located in the mid-1970s. The previous period is classified as wet, the one after is dry. The deficit between the two periods, valued at nearly 30 % for precipitation caused a drop in flow of more than 60 %. Periods of wetness and dryness are highlighted with a mild tendency to drought. Although some years have been very wet or extremely dry, the appearance of one or two years deficient rainfall in the mid-year surplus has no direct effect on water supplies in dam. For cons, the succession of several years with medium rainfall can generate a strong flow of water year.
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- 2022
22. Formations quaternaires et néotectonique dans le bassin de l'Orbieu (Aude, France)
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Jean-Pierre Larue
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Travertines ,terrasses alluviales ,Sabkha ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,Banquise ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Avifaune ,Flood risks ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Climate change ,Risks ,Conductivité hydraulique ,sédimentologie ,Volcano ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,sedimentology ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Histoire du climat ,Palynology ,Coastal geomorphology ,Environnement ,heavy minerals ,Zones humides ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Lahar ,Heavy metals ,Eau ,Littoral ,Wetland ,neotectonics ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Geology ,Access to water ,Cordon littoral ,Niveau marin ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Sea ice ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Sebkha ,Environment ,Eaux usées ,Barrier beach ,Corbières ,Embouchure ,Birds ,Sécheresse ,Alluvial terraces ,Marine ecosystem ,Orbieu ,Sea level ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Lits fluviaux ,Volcan ,Vegetation ,Drought ,Shoreline ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,Ecosystème marin ,Géomorphologie littorale ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Palynologie ,Channel morphology ,alluvial terraces ,Zones inondables ,Climatologie ,Hydrology ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,Humanities ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
L'identification des différentes formations quaternaires de la vallée de l'Orbieu, puis la reconstitution de leur géométrie, permettent de mettre en évidence les principales déformations tectoniques qu'elles ont subies. La néotectonique de cette région des Corbières a été active jusqu'à l'accumulation de la nappe alluviale de la basse terrasse weichsélienne. La datation des travertins de Graffan permettrait de caler la chronologie relative pour le système des terrasses de l'Orbieu. A geomorphological and sedimentological analysis makes it possible to identify the different Quaternary formations in the Orbieu valley. Then, the reconstruction of the longitudinal and transversal profiles shows the evolution of tectonic deformations since the formation settling. Neotectonics have been active up to the accumulation of the alluvial deposits of the Weichselian lower terrace. The dating of the Graffan travertines would allow adjust the Orbieu terraces system chronology.
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- 2022
23. Résultats du suivi 2010-2012 de l'évolution de la brèche ouverte sur la Langue de Barbarie au Sénégal et de ses conséquences
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Silvia Rodríguez Valido, Boubou Aldiouma Sy, Isora Sánchez Pérez, Amadou Abou Sy, and Ignacio Alonso Bilbao
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Travertines ,Sabkha ,lagune ,cordon littoral ,Wastewater ,Accès à l'eau ,Banquise ,Hydrogéomorphologie ,Avifaune ,Flood risks ,Caulerpa racemosa ,Travertins ,Climate change ,Risks ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Volcano ,Hydrologie ,Marais ,Métaux lourds ,Néotectonique ,Climatology ,Neotectonics ,Risques ,Risques d'inondation ,General Medicine ,Histoire du climat ,Palynology ,Coastal geomorphology ,Senegal ,Environnement ,lagoon ,Zones humides ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Lahar ,Heavy metals ,Eau ,Littoral ,Senegal River ,Wetland ,Terrasses alluviales ,Histoire de la végétation ,Géomorphologie ,Langue de Barbarie ,géomorphologie littorale ,Access to water ,Niveau marin ,fleuve Sénégal ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Sea ice ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Urbanisation ,Gandiolais ,Sebkha ,Environment ,Eaux usées ,Barrier beach ,Embouchure ,Birds ,Sécheresse ,Sénégal ,Alluvial terraces ,Marine ecosystem ,Orbieu ,Sea level ,morphosedimentary evolution ,lcsh:Physical geography ,Lits fluviaux ,Volcan ,coastal geomorphology ,Vegetation ,Drought ,Shoreline ,River mouth ,Urbanization ,Changements climatiques ,Floodplains ,Water ,Geomorphology ,Végétation ,évolution morphosédimentaire ,barrier beach ,Ecosystème marin ,Climate history ,Marsh ,Vegetation history ,Palynologie ,Channel morphology ,Zones inondables ,Climatologie ,Hydrology ,lcsh:GB3-5030 ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Filtration - Abstract
Les résultats du projet ESEDSEN (Étude sédimentaire du Sénégal) constituent une contribution à la connaissance de l'évolution spatio-temporelle récente de la brèche artificiellement ouverte en 2003 sur la Langue de Barbarie et de ses conséquences. Les profils topographiques réalisés entre octobre 2010 et décembre 2011, indiquent que la rive nord a progressé de 550 m vers le sud entre le 1er mars et le 31 décembre 2011. Dans le même temps, cette rive s'est élargie de près de 100 m. La rive nord fonctionne comme un pôle d'accumulation et/ou de redistribution de débits solides qui alimentent la formation de bancs de sable à l'intérieur et/ou à proximité de l'embouchure du fleuve Sénégal. Sur la même période, la rive sud a régressé de 830 m. La largeur de la brèche fluctue au gré des saisons et des facteurs hydrodynamiques, mais dans une dynamique générale d'élargissement (28 m/mois en moyenne sur la période d'observation). En octobre 2012, la Langue de Barbarie a subi une rupture naturelle importante un peu plus au sud. Cette dynamique de la brèche expose la rive gauche de la lagune de Mboumbaye (falaise du Gandiolais) à une érosion rapide, le recul du rivage dépassant 15 m/an dans les secteurs les plus touchés. Les potentialités économiques et environnementales du littoral du Gandiolais se trouvent ainsi menacées par la migration méridionale de l'embouchure du fleuve Sénégal. The results of ESEDSEN (Étude sédimentaire du Sénégal – Sedimentary Study of Senegal) project are a contribution to the knowledge of the recent space-temporal evolution of the breach artificially opened in 2003 on the Langue de Barbarie and its consequences. Topographic profiles carried out between October 2010 and December 2011 indicate that the north bank rose 550 m to the south between March and December 2011. Meanwhile, the same bank has expanded nearly 100 m. The northern shore functions as a storage and/or redistribution center of sediment discharge fueling the formation of sandbars in and/or near the mouth of the Senegal River. During the same period, the south bank fell by 830 m. The width of the gap fluctuates because of the seasons and hydrodynamic factors, but in a general expansion dynamics (28 m/month on average over the period of observation.) In October 2012, the Langue de Barbarie went through a major natural break a little further in the South. This dynamics of the breach exposes the left bank of the lagoon of Mboumbaye (Gandiolais cliff) to rapid erosion, shoreline retreat being greater than 15 m/year in the most affected sectors. The economic and environmental potential of the Gandiolais coastline are then threatened by the southern migration of the mouth of the Senegal River.
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- 2022
24. Hydraulic performance and microstructure evolution of kneading compacted lime-treated silty soil permeated with low-ionic strength solution
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Das, Geetanjali, Razakamanantsoa, Andry, Deneele, Dimitri, Herrier, Gontran, and Cadic, Ifsttar
- Subjects
SOL ,MACROPORES ,HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ,LIXIVIATION ,LIME-TREATED SOIL ,LEACHING ,[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,PORE ,TRAITEMENT A LA CHAUX ,PORE SOLUTION ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,CONDUCTIVITE HYDRAULIQUE ,SOLUTION POREUSE ,SOLUTION INTERSTITIELLE - Abstract
Durability of lime-treated earthen structures is governed by the hydromechanical performances of the soil. However, fewer studies address the influence of pore solution's chemistry on the mechanism governing the hydraulic and microstructural evolution of the materials. The hydraulic and leaching performances of lime-treated soil, compacted by kneading, and subjected to circulations of demineralized water (DW) or a low ionic strength solution (LW) are studied. The evaluation is made in terms of pore volume flow (PVF), as it considers the soil and pore fluid interactions which govern the leaching mechanism. During the hydraulic conductivity test, 40 PVF of DW is circulated through the specimens within a duration, which is 20 times lower than the one obtained from the LW-subjected soil. Such an accelerated circulation dissolute minerals contained along the flow path in the soil matrix in a short time. This mechanism increases the volume of macropores greater than 500 Å diameter. Increased macropores, thus, increased the magnitude of the hydraulic conductivity in DW-subjected soil. Besides, due to a longer contact duration between the treated soil and the LW than in DW, a greater formation of the cementitious compounds occurred in the former compared to the latter., La durabilité des structures en terre traitée à la chaux est régie par les performances hydromécaniques du sol. Cependant, peu d'études abordent l'influence de la chimie de la solution interstitielle sur le mécanisme régissant l'évolution hydraulique et microstructurale des matériaux. Les performances hydrauliques et de lixiviation de sols traités à la chaux, compactés par pétrissage, et soumis à des circulations d'eau déminéralisée (DW) ou d'une solution de faible force ionique (LW) sont étudiées. L'évaluation est faite en termes de débit volumique des pores (PVF), car elle tient compte des interactions entre le sol et le fluide interstitiel qui régissent le mécanisme de lixiviation. Pendant le test de conductivité hydraulique, 40 PVF de DW circulent à travers les spécimens pendant une durée 20 fois inférieure à celle obtenue dans le sol soumis au LW. Une telle circulation accélérée dissout en peu de temps les minéraux contenus le long du chemin d'écoulement dans la matrice du sol. Ce mécanisme augmente le volume des macropores de plus de 500 Å de diamètre. L'augmentation des macropores, ainsi, a augmenté la magnitude de la conductivité hydraulique dans le sol soumis à la DW. En outre, en raison d'une durée de contact plus longue entre le sol traité et le LW que dans le DW, une plus grande formation des composés cimentaires s'est produite dans le premier par rapport au second.
- Published
- 2022
25. Geotechnical engineering behaviors of gellan gum biopolymer treated sand.
- Author
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Chang, Ilhan, Im, Jooyoung, and Cho, Gye-Chun
- Subjects
GEOTECHNICAL engineering ,GELLAN gum ,BIOPOLYMERS ,SAND ,COMPRESSIVE strength ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,HYDROGELS ,AGGLOMERATION (Materials) - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. New transient method for determining soil hydraulic conductivity function.
- Author
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Leung, A.K., Coo, J.L., Ng, C.W.W., and Chen, R.
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC conductivity ,SEEPAGE ,STANDARD deviations ,SOIL matric potential ,PORE water pressure ,STEADY state conduction ,HYDRAULICS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Hydraulic behaviour of parallel fibres under longitudinal flow: a numerical treatment.
- Author
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Nguyen, Thanh Trung and Indraratna, Buddhima
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,PERMEABILITY ,FLUID mechanics - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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28. Modelling long-term hydraulic conductivity behaviour of zero valent iron column tests for permeable reactive barrier design.
- Author
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Moraci, Nicola, Ielo, Domenico, Bilardi, Stefania, and Calabrò, Paolo S.
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC conductivity ,IRON ,PERMEABLE reactive barriers ,COLUMNS ,STRUCTURAL stability - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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29. Laboratory test study on the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on strength and hydraulic conductivity of high water content stabilized dredged sediments.
- Author
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Makusa, Gregory, Mácsik, Josef, Holm, Göran, and Knutsson, Sven
- Subjects
FREEZE-thaw cycles ,DREDGING ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,THAWING ,DURABILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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30. Characterizing the ageing of a geosynthetic clay liner through electrical resistivity.
- Author
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Sirieix, C., Genelle, F., Barral, C., Touze-Foltz, N., Riss, J., and Bégassat, B.
- Subjects
ELECTRICAL resistivity ,GEOSYNTHETIC clay liners ,GEOMEMBRANES ,TOMOGRAPHY ,BENTONITE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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31. Influence de la végétation et des racines sur la performance d'une couverture à effets de barrière capillaire sur un site minier dix-sept ans après restauration
- Author
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Proteau, Alex and Proteau, Alex
- Abstract
Lors de l’exploitation minière, une quantité importante de rejets miniers sans valeur économique est produite et doit être entreposée. Parmi ces rejets on retrouve les résidus de concentrateur ou résidus miniers, roches broyées restantes suite au traitement du minerai, et les stériles miniers, roches sans valeur commerciale non traitées suite à leur extraction du sol pour atteindre les zones minéralisées. La gestion efficace des rejets miniers est l’un des défis les plus importants pour l’industrie minière en raison de l’impact sur l’environnement que ces derniers peuvent engendrer notamment dans le cas où ils sont générateurs de drainage minier acide (DMA). Le DMA provient principalement de l’oxydation des minéraux sulfureux présents dans les résidus. Un des facteurs essentiels à la création du DMA est donc un apport en oxygène. Ainsi, plusieurs méthodes visant à limiter cet apport en oxygène existent telles les barrières à l’oxygène de type couverture à effets de barrière capillaire (CEBC). Dans un climat humide, une CEBC efficace contient une couche de rétention d’humidité (CRH) maintenue à un haut degré de saturation en eau pour limiter l’apport en oxygène aux résidus réactifs. En effet, un degré de saturation (Sr) élevé dans un sol entraine un faible coefficient de diffusion de l’oxygène (De), ce qui limite le flux de l’oxygène par diffusion; en contrôlant les flux d’oxygène, on limite l’oxydation des résidus miniers et par conséquent la génération de DMA. La végétation consomme l’eau du sol et pourrait nuire à la performance d’une CEBC puisque celle-ci est basée sur le maintien d’un degré élevé de saturation en eau. L’importance d’évaluer l’impact des plantes sur ce type de recouvrement vient également du fait que la présence de racines pourrait modifier la porosité des matériaux, la conductivité hydraulique et la courbe de rétention en eau de la CRH. Si les racines atteignent la CRH d’une CEBC, la formation de macropores par les racines vivantes ou mortes pou
- Published
- 2021
32. Multi-scale hydrogeologic characterization of a leaky till-mantled fractured bedrock aquifer system.
- Author
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Lukas, William G., DeGroot, Don J., Ostendorf, David W., and Hinlein, Erich S.
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC conductivity ,SOIL permeability ,AQUIFERS ,BEDROCK ,IRRIGATION - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Evolution de la conductivité hydraulique d'un sol sableux cultivé dans l'Ouest du Niger.
- Author
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Abdou, Moussa Malam, Vandervaere, Jean-Pierre, Descroix, Luc, Moussa, Ibrahim Bouzou, Maiga, Oumarou Faran, Abdou, Souley, Seyni, Bachirou Bodo, and Daoudas, Maman Laouali Ousseini
- Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
34. Hydraulic conductivity of clay mixed with nanomaterials.
- Author
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Ng, C.W.W. and Coo, J.L.
- Subjects
SOIL permeability ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,CLAY ,GAMMA aluminum oxide ,COPPER oxide ,METAL powders ,PORE size distribution - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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35. Broken line smoothing for data series interpolation by incorporating an explanatory variable with denser observations: application to soil-water and rainfall data.
- Author
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Malamos, Nikolaos and Koutsoyiannis, Demetris
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICAL smoothing , *INTERPOLATION , *MATHEMATICAL variables , *SOIL-Water Balance Model , *MATHEMATICAL models , *RAINFALL - Abstract
Broken line smoothing is a simple technique for smoothing a broken line fit to observational data and provides a flexible means of interpolation. Here an extension of this technique is proposed, which can be utilized to perform various interpolation tasks, by incorporating, in an objective manner, an explanatory variable available at a considerably denser dataset than the initial main variable. The technique incorporates smoothing terms with adjustable weights, defined by means of the angles formed by the consecutive segments of two broken lines. The mathematical framework and details of the method as well as practical aspects of its application are presented and discussed. Also, examples using both synthesized and real-world (soil water dynamics and hydrological) data are presented to explore and illustrate the methodology.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor A. Carsteanu [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Hydraulic and strength properties of unexposed and freeze-thaw exposed cement-stabilized soils.
- Author
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Jamshidi, Reza Jolous and Lake, Craig B.
- Subjects
FREEZE-thaw cycles ,SOIL stabilization ,SOIL cement ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,COMPRESSIVE strength ,WATER ,PARTICLE size distribution - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Constraining a flow model with field measurements to assess water transit time through a vadose zone
- Author
-
Boumaiza, Lamine, Chesnaux, Romain, Walter, Julien, Stumpp, Christine, Boumaiza, Lamine, Chesnaux, Romain, Walter, Julien, and Stumpp, Christine
- Abstract
The modeling of thick vadose zones is particularly challenging because of difficulties in collecting a variety of measured sediment properties, which are required for parameterizing the model. Some models rely on synthetic data, whereas others are simplified by running as homogeneous sediment domains and relying on a single set of sediment properties. Few studies have simulated flow processes through a thick vadose zone using real and comprehensive data sets comprising multiple measurements. Here, we develop a flow model for a 7‐m‐thick vadose zone. This model, combining the numerical codes CTRAN/W with SEEP/W, includes the measured sediment hydraulic properties of the investigated vadose zone and incorporates the actual climate and subsurface conditions of the study site (precipitations, water‐table elevations, and stable isotope data). The model is calibrated by fitting the simulated and measured vertical profiles of water content. Our flow model calculates a transit time of 1 year for the travel of water through the 7‐m vadose zone; this estimate matches stable isotope‐based results obtained previously for this site. A homogeneous sediment domain flow model, which considers only a single set of sediment properties, produces a transit time that is approximately half the duration of that of the heterogeneous flow model. This difference highlights the importance of assuming heterogeneous material within models of thick vadose zones and testifies to the advantage gained when using real sediment hydraulic properties to parametrize a flow model.
- Published
- 2020
38. Effects of oil field brine wastewater on saturated hydraulic conductivity of smectitic loam soils.
- Author
-
Derby, Nathan E., Casey, Francis X.M., DeSutter, Thomas M., and Yang, X.M.
- Subjects
LOAM soils ,OIL field brines ,SOIL permeability ,SOIL remediation ,TOPSOIL - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Soil Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Physical and numerical study of lateral diversion by three-layer inclined capillary barrier covers under humid climatic conditions1.
- Author
-
Zhan, Tony L.T., Li, He, Jia, G.W., Chen, Y.M., and Fredlund, D.G.
- Subjects
CAPILLARY flow ,HUMIDITY ,WATER balance (Hydrology) ,SOIL permeability ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,RAINFALL ,ANISOTROPY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Girdling and tree death: lessons from Chamaecyparis pisifera.
- Author
-
Ueda, Masafumi, Shibata, Ei'ichi, Fukuda, Hideshi, Sano, Akira, and Waguchi, Yoshiaki
- Subjects
- *
CHAMAECYPARIS , *TREE girdling , *TREE mortality , *PLANT morphology , *PLANT-water relationships - Abstract
To investigate the effects of girdling on the water relation of trees, we measured a number of water-status parameters and morphological features following trunk and branch girdling of Chamaecyparis pisifera Siebold & Zucc. Girdling caused a marked reduction in the water-conduction area of the trunk cross section at the girdled part. Some girdled trees generated intense acoustic emissions (AE), simultaneously decreased leaf water potentials (LWP), and then died within 1 year. However, others lived for more than 2 years after girdling. In these survivors, the water-conduction area of the trunk cross section was reduced but not entirely blocked, and LWP decreases did not occur. Consequently, we conclude that girdling affects xylem water conductivity and sometimes causes short-term (within 1 year) tree death by blocking water uptake from soil to leaves. The results of this study on whether tree death from girdling occurs sooner or later could be important in the use of girdling for thinning management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Soil compressibility in transient unsaturated seepage analyses.
- Author
-
Stark, Timothy D., Jafari, Navid H., Leopold, Aaron L., and Brandon, Thomas L.
- Subjects
SOIL compaction ,SEEPAGE ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,LEVEES ,SLOPE stability ,BOUNDARY value problems ,EMBANKMENTS ,PORE water pressure - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effect of fine particles on the hydraulic behavior of interlayer soil in railway substructure.
- Author
-
Duong, Trong Vinh, Cui, Yu-Jun, Tang, Anh Minh, Dupla, Jean-Claude, and Calon, Nicolas
- Subjects
SOIL-structure interaction ,SOIL mechanics ,SOIL permeability testing ,PARTICLE size determination ,SUBSTRUCTURING techniques ,RAILROADS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Irradiance-induced changes in hydraulic architecture1.
- Author
-
Hacke, Uwe G.
- Subjects
- *
AQUAPORINS , *XYLEM , *VASCULAR system of plants , *SUNSHINE , *CAVITATION (Botany) , *PLANT physiology research - Abstract
The ability to acclimate to a range of light regimes is important, given that shady understory habitats can receive only a fraction of the light available at the top of the canopy. Sun and shade leaves are known to differ in their set of biochemical and morphological characteristics. In recent years, much has also been learned about the effect of shade on xylem structure and function. Several studies found that shaded plants had narrower xylem conduits than plants growing in full sun. Among the most notable responses induced by shade is a shift of xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Shaded plants are typically more vulnerable to cavitation than plants exposed to full light. This appears to coincide with the construction of weaker intervessel and intertracheid pit membranes in shade. Before entering and after exiting the xylem, water moves through living cells in roots and leaves, respectively. This nonvascular pathway can be modified by aquaporins. Rapid changes in root and leaf hydraulic conductance in response to changes in light and transpirational demand have been described. The role of aquaporins in these responses is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Freeze-thaw cycling concurrent with cation exchange and the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liner.
- Author
-
Makusa, Gregory P., Bradshaw, Sabrina L., Berns, Erin, Benson, Craig H., and Knutsson, Sven
- Subjects
FREEZE-thaw cycles ,GEOSYNTHETIC clay liners ,SOILS ,ION exchange (Chemistry) ,SOIL permeability ,BENTONITE ,PORE water ,DEIONIZATION of water ,CALCITE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Irradiance-induced changes in hydraulic architecture1.
- Author
-
Hacke, Uwe G.
- Subjects
AQUAPORINS ,XYLEM ,VASCULAR system of plants ,SUNSHINE ,CAVITATION (Botany) ,PLANT physiology research - Abstract
Copyright of Botany is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Fluid loss as a quick method to evaluate hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners under acidic conditions.
- Author
-
Liu, Yang, Gates, Will P., Bouazza, Abdelmalek, and Rowe, R. Kerry
- Subjects
GEOSYNTHETIC clay liners ,BENTONITE ,ACID solutions ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,SWELLING of materials ,FLUID dynamics - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. FACTORS CONTROLLING WATER DELIVERY BY PITCHER IRRIGATION.
- Author
-
Vasudevan, Padma, Thapliyal, Alka, Tandon, Mamta, Dastidar, M. G., and Sen, P. K.
- Subjects
PITCHERS (Containers) ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,HYDRAULICS ,HUMIDITY ,IRRIGATION ,WATER conservation ,WATER use ,HORTICULTURE - Abstract
Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Étude des propriétés physico-mécaniques d’un béton hydraulique contenant des cendres de coques d’anacarde de tailles micrométriques et nanométriques substituant partiellement le ciment
- Author
-
Yvette Tankpinou, Thierry Godjo, Victor Songmene, Augias Anagonou, Ecole de Technologie Supérieure [Montréal] (ETS), and Université Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques d’Abomey
- Subjects
Physics ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,hydraulic concrete ,ash recovery ,Forestry ,conductivité hydraulique ,résistance à la compression ,compressive strength ,béton hydraulique ,12. Responsible consumption ,tensile strength ,nano-waste ,nanodéchets ,valorisation des cendres ,résistance à la traction ,hydraulic conductivity ,coques d’anacarde ,cashew nut shells - Abstract
The use of waste as an alternative resource is an approach to reduce pressure on natural resources, as well as the environmental iMPacts associated with waste disposal, if recycling is conducted under environmentally friendly conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the conditions for incorporating pyrolysis ash from cashew nuts shells into concrete as a partial replacement for cement. The ashes used were collected from Afonkanta Benin Cashew, one of the plants that processes cashew nuts into almonds. The various ash additions replace the amount of cement added to the concrete, gradually in proportions of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % ash. The related physico-mechanical characteristics, namely compressive strength, tensile strength, hydraulic conductivity and subsidence of the concrete over time, have been determined. The physico-mechanical results show that the best characteristics of the hydraulic mixture were obtained with the proportion of 15 % of ash. Indeed, a hydraulic concrete mixture of 15 % ash at 28 days of maturity gives a compressive strength of 51.83 N/mm2, a tensile strength of 13.65 N/mm2, a low hydraulic conductivity value of 3.48 10-17m/s. There is also an average subsidence of 3 mm., L’utilisation de déchets comme ressources alternatives est une approche permettant de réduire les pressions sur les ressources naturelles ainsi que les iMPacts environnementaux liés à l’élimination des déchets, si le recyclage est conduit dans des conditions respectueuses de l’environnement. L’objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer les conditions d’incorporation de cendres de coques d’anacarde en substitution partielle du ciment dans le béton. Les cendres utilisées sont issues des coques d’anacarde collectées à Afonkanta Benin Cashew, une des usines de transformation des noix d’anacarde en amande. Les différents ajouts de cendre se substituent graduellement, à la quantité de ciment additionné au béton, à des proportions de 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % et 25 % de cendres. Les caractéristiques physico-mécaniques y afférant, à savoir la résistance à la compression, la résistance à la traction, la conductivité hydraulique et l’affaissement du béton dans le temps, ont été déterminées. Les résultats physico-mécaniques montrent que les meilleures caractéristiques du mélange hydraulique ont été obtenues à la proportion de 15 % de cendre. En effet, un mélange de béton hydraulique de 15 % de cendre à 28 jours de maturité donne une résistance à la compression de 51,83 N/mm2, une résistance à la traction de 13,65 N/mm2 et une faible valeur de conductivité hydraulique de 3,48 10-17 m/s. Il est aussi observé un affaissement moyen de 3 mm.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A cylindrical self-consistent modelling of vegetal wools thermal conductivity
- Author
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Clément Piegay, Emmanuel Gourdon, Philippe Glé, Etienne Gourlay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE), and Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
- Subjects
Vegetal wools ,Materials science ,Self-consistent method ,Flow (psychology) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Self consistent ,THERMIQUE ,0201 civil engineering ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Thermal conductivity ,MATERIAU ,Phase (matter) ,021105 building & construction ,Thermal ,CONDUCTIVITE HYDRAULIQUE ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Porosity ,Microscale chemistry ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,Thermal performances ,Building and Construction ,BOIS ,[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,13. Climate action ,Representative elementary volume - Abstract
International audience; In recent years, the fight against climate change has come to the fore. In this scope, the use of vegetal wools, which can store carbon dioxide, is particularly relevant for developing greenbuilding solutions. Moreover, considering their high porosity levels, the thermal performances of these materials can compete with conventional insulators ones. These performances are related to the microscale vegetal fibres specificities that are used in the wool manufacturing process. So, a self-consistent modelling approach is developed in order to model the vegetal wools thermal properties as a function of their microscale parameters. To do that, a simplifying assumption assimilates the fibres to a representative elementary volume based on a biphasic (including solid and fluid phases) cylindrical inclusion. This model has been validated in the specific case of a flow perpendicular to the fibres by comparison with experimental char-acterisations performed on four materials in real hygrothermal conditions and with data from literature. Thanks to a parametric analysis, it is finally shown that for high porosity values (> 95%), vegetal wools thermal properties present interesting values regardless of the solid phase thermal conductivity.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Role of morphological structure and layering of Sphagnum and Tomenthypnum mosses on moss productivity and evaporation rates.
- Author
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Goetz, Jonathan D. and Price, Jonathan S.
- Subjects
PEAT mosses ,PLANT morphology ,EVAPORATION (Meteorology) ,BIOLOGICAL transport ,PLANT-water relationships ,PLANTS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Soil Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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