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Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Design ideation activities that involve the manipulation of geometry rely heavily on manual input. For feasibility reasons, the generation of design alternatives must often be limited, particularly when these alternatives need to be prototyped and tested. This paper describes a conceptual design strategy that leverages variational three-dimensional geometry to automatically generate a large number of design alternatives from a template model and their corresponding physical prototypes for evaluation and testing. In our approach, 3D geometric variations are produced automatically from a single design concept modeled parametrically, which are then used to generate 3D-printable files. Our method is suitable for design scenarios where real-world testing is preferred over virtual simulation and requires designers to consider a concept idea as a family of solutions, instead of a single design option. Our strategy enables an effective exploration of conceptual design spaces in highly constrained situations and facilitates parallel prototyping, which is known to produce better results than serial prototyping. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method through a case study that involves the design of an instrument for ophthalmic surgery for extracting an intraocular lens (IOL) from the eye. Using our approach, nine unique concept families comprising a total of 150 designs were rapidly and successfully prototyped and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana pengembangan konsep dilakukan untuk merancang sebuah landasan robot beroda omnidirection berbahan ekstrusi profil aluminium yang digunakan untuk pemindah barang. Perancangan konsep melalui serangkaian tahapan yaitu: mengidentifikasi permasalahan, menentukan struktur fungsi, mencari alternatif solusi, membangun variasi konsep, menilai variasi konsep dan menentukan konsep terpilih. Setelah melalui kesemua tahapan tersebut didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa sebuah landasan robot omnidirection dapat dibagi menjadi 2 sub fungsi yaitu: rangka landasan dan pengubah energi listrik. Kedua sub fungsi tersebut memilki 6 parameter yang dapat divariasikan, yaitu: ragam bentuk rangka, jenis material rangka, jenis bentuk batang rangka, jenis sambungan rangka, jenis roda, jenis motor. Setiap parameter dapat dicari alternatif solusinya, dikombinasikan dan dinilai sehingga mendapatkan sebuah variasi konsep terpilih yang memenuhi daftar tuntutan.

Offshore wind farms on the east offshore of Korea to produce multi-GW power from floating wind platforms are being planned. The objectives of the present study are to develop a new TLP-type floating wind platform with a 15 MW turbine for the planned site and to confirm the feasibility of the TLP design under extreme typhoon environments. The concept design of the 15 MW TLP floating platform was completed for installation at a water depth of 137 m. The platform was vertically moored with highly pretensioned wire rope tendons. The platform and tendons were designed to withstand extreme conditions for up to 50 years. Additionally, a platform with an integrated turbine was designed to be wet-towable from the quayside without dedicated vessels to minimize the pre-service cost and risk. An extreme response analysis was conducted to evaluate the platform motion, acceleration, airgap and tendon tension for wave variation, intact and damaged condition of the tendon, environment heading change, and water level variation. The platform design results were validated using the design criteria from the industry standards and recommendations, and the design was verified to comply with the design requirements for the planned sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dedicated to synchronously acquiring large-area, high-precision, and multi-scale ocean wind and wave information, a novel concept of a spaceborne ocean microwave dual-function integrated sensor is proposed in this paper. It integrates the functions of a scatterometer and SAR by sharing a single phased-array antenna. An overview of the scientific requirements and motivations for the sensor are outlined firstly. In order to fulfill the observation requirements of both the functions, the constraints on the system parameters such as frequency, antenna size, and incidence angle are analyzed. Then, the selection principles of these parameters are discussed within the limitations of antenna area, bandwidth, available time, and cost. Additionally, the constraints on the time sequence of transmitting and receiving pulses are derived to ensure that there is no conflict when the two functions operate simultaneously. Subsequently, a method for jointly designing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of both the functions is introduced, along with zebra maps to verify its effectiveness. At the end of the paper, the system and performance parameters of the sensor are given for further insight into it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic waste is the main cause of environmental pollution. It is necessary to research the design of the Injection Molding machine to process plastic waste. This study describes the design concept of a vertical type Injection Molding machine prototype by considering the factors to be utilized by small-scale plastic recycling businesses. The design stage starts from the identification of component requirements to the design of 3D drawings. The results of this study obtained a prototype design of a Vertical Injection Molding Machine. The embodiment of the design is not only determined directly by the design team and the manufacturing team, but is obtained from customer requests described in the technical specifications. At the concept design stage, there are 5 sub-functions and each function has 3 to 4 options. From the combination of these sub-functions and options, 3 assembly sketches were obtained so that 3 alternative design concepts were obtained. From the results of the concept assessment, design concept C was chosen from several alternative concepts.

Construction material offcuts is a data problem that can largely be avoided by dimensional coordination during concept design. Besides the environmental benefits, early phase coordination is beneficial to the overall design process as it integrates information not typically considered until later in the design process. However, taking reality-changing actions is often challenged by uncertainty, time constraints, and lack of integration of available tools. Acknowledging the potential of computational design in enabling architects to manage design and coordination complexities and taking plasterboard opportunities for dimensional coordination, the paper presents a review and assessment of the existing methods to interrogate what, when, and how are these adaptable to the task. The study shows that ML-based methods outperform other methods and concludes that leveraging computational design powers to reduce offcuts is not a question of a tool, but one of a strategy. Eventually, the future steps to achieving such a strategy are discussed.

Due to the high computational burden and the high non-linearity of the responses, crashworthiness optimizations are notoriously hard-to-solve challenges. Among various approaches, methods like the Successive Response Surface Method (SRSM) have stood out for their efficiency in enhancing baseline designs within a few iterations. However, these methods have limitations that restrict their application. Their minimum iterative resampling required is often computationally prohibitive. Furthermore, surrogate models are conventionally constructed using Polynomial Response Surface (PRS), a method that is poorly versatile, prone to overfitting, and incapable of quantifying uncertainty. Furthermore, the lack of continuity between successive response surfaces results in suboptimal predictions. This paper introduces the Multi-Fidelity Successive Response Surface (MF-SRS), a Gaussian process-based method, which leverages a non-linear multi-fidelity approach for more accurate and efficient predictions compared to SRSM. After initial testing on synthetic problems, this method is applied to a real-world crashworthiness task: optimizing a bumper cross member and crash box system. The results, benchmarked against SRSM and the Gaussian Process Successive Response Surface (GP-SRS)—a single-fidelity Gaussian process-driven extension of SRSM—show that MF-SRS offers distinct advantages. Specifically, it improves upon the specific energy absorbed optimum value achieved by SRSM by 14%, revealing its potential for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction material offcuts is a data problem that can largely be avoided by dimensional coordination during concept design. Besides the environmental benefits, early phase coordination is beneficial to the overall design process as it integrates information not typically considered until later in the design process. However, taking reality-changing actions is often challenged by uncertainty, time constraints, and lack of integration of available tools. Acknowledging the potential of computational design in enabling architects to manage design and coordination complexities and taking plasterboard opportunities for dimensional coordination, the paper presents a review and assessment of the existing methods to interrogate what, when, and how are these adaptable to the task. The study shows that ML-based methods outperform other methods and concludes that leveraging computational design powers to reduce offcuts is not a question of a tool, but one of a strategy. Eventually, the future steps to achieving such a strategy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship retrofitting is one alternative solution to extend a ship’s life. Several component replacements were performed in the retrofitting process, remodelings to the ship’s main dimension, and state-of-the-art equipment and technology were added. As one of the ships that require regular renewal, especially in research equipment, retrofit processes are often carried out on research vessels. The current problem in the retrofit process for research vessels, especially in Indonesia, is that retrofits are not carried out with established methodology and planning. Thus, some retrofit projects are limited to major repairs and do not extend the ship’s life or performance. To solve that problem, a developed methodology for ship retrofitting was proposed, which consists of selecting the ship and the type of retrofit and its components, determining retrofit requirements, and designing the ship based on the retrofit project. In the design process, a modified spiral design is explicitly used for the retrofit process with some alterations compared with the conventional one, which is focused on analyzing the suitability and availability of space, consumable and tank requirements, analysis of power requirements, risk analysis, and project execution plan. A case study of this developed methodology has been undertaken in the concept design phase of RV Baruna Jaya 1’s retrofit, and the results show that the methodology is considered helpful as an approach for ship retrofitting. Moreover, several considerations were also obtained from the concept design stage and had to be analyzed at the following design stage to meet the retrofit design requirements.

Offshore wind farms on the east offshore of Korea to produce multi-GW power from floating wind platforms are being planned. The objectives of the present study are to develop a new TLP-type floating wind platform with a 15 MW turbine for the planned site and to confirm the feasibility of the TLP design under extreme typhoon environments. The concept design of the 15 MW TLP floating platform was completed for installation at a water depth of 137 m. The platform was vertically moored with highly pretensioned wire rope tendons. The platform and tendons were designed to withstand extreme conditions for up to 50 years. Additionally, a platform with an integrated turbine was designed to be wet-towable from the quayside without dedicated vessels to minimize the pre-service cost and risk. An extreme response analysis was conducted to evaluate the platform motion, acceleration, airgap and tendon tension for wave variation, intact and damaged condition of the tendon, environment heading change, and water level variation. The platform design results were validated using the design criteria from the industry standards and recommendations, and the design was verified to comply with the design requirements for the planned sites.

Dedicated to synchronously acquiring large-area, high-precision, and multi-scale ocean wind and wave information, a novel concept of a spaceborne ocean microwave dual-function integrated sensor is proposed in this paper. It integrates the functions of a scatterometer and SAR by sharing a single phased-array antenna. An overview of the scientific requirements and motivations for the sensor are outlined firstly. In order to fulfill the observation requirements of both the functions, the constraints on the system parameters such as frequency, antenna size, and incidence angle are analyzed. Then, the selection principles of these parameters are discussed within the limitations of antenna area, bandwidth, available time, and cost. Additionally, the constraints on the time sequence of transmitting and receiving pulses are derived to ensure that there is no conflict when the two functions operate simultaneously. Subsequently, a method for jointly designing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of both the functions is introduced, along with zebra maps to verify its effectiveness. At the end of the paper, the system and performance parameters of the sensor are given for further insight into it.

Conceptual design has a significant impact on performance of the final product. Existing methods of the concept design such as quality function deployment and axiomatic design cannot decide product structures based on function requirements (FRs) to meet product specifications. An effective method is proposed to decide the product structure based on relations of FRs and physical structures using the WordNet hierarchy and association relation in this paper. Physical attributes (PAs) of FRs are searched based on similarity of FRs and functions of existing product structures. Suitable product structures are decided by comparing PAs of design structures with PAs of FRs. Relations between structures and FRs are defined by the association relation to decide the best product structure from all potential solutions using a pairwise comparison method. The proposed method is verified in a case study of the concept design of upper limb rehabilitation devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architects not only produce images of their projects but also take pictures of the reality around them, eventually appropriating of pictures made by others. In particular, this process of mediated assimilation of reality is quite hard to define as it follows many different criteria that tend to turn the pictures themselves into analogical devices oriented to the design development. Often, a fundamental step of the process is to make them wordless images by removing (intentionally or not) the caption. This action opens the pictures to a wide range of interpretations and uses (as well as misinterpretations and abuses) that are part of the omnivorous creative process of the architects. In order to frame the phenomenology of this process in the extended field of the 20th century art production, this article proposes a chaotic assemblage of major and minor episodes whose considerations indirectly reflects both the mostly unconscious process of the architects and the ‘under-construction’ mental scheme of the author. In this sense, this early, partial, subjective map provides no answers but questions and conjectural work-areas to be tested through further connections and developments.

The human being, who has settled down, has assigned different functions to the interior spaces in order to be protected from external factors and to perform various activities while fulfilling the need for shelter. Especially thanks to the technological developments, many works can be carried out at the desk, so the life expectancy in indoor spaces increases. In space design, data such as the needs, habits, economy, aesthetics, sustainability of the users are among the elements that determine the feature of the environment that the designer wants to create and make the space liveable. In this context, campus buildings that shape the future of young people are important in terms of qualified and sustainable interior design that can meet the users and their needs. In design education, apart from traditional education methods which consists of practices, the method of revealing the creative thinking potential of the students and gaining knowledge based on improving their abilities is applied. Within the scope of this study, indoor planting model proposals were developed within the characteristics of the usage area determined by Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Interior Architecture and Environmental Design Department 3rd year students in the Interior Planting Design course in the 2021-2022 fall semester. Planting design approaches on the basis of user-space-plant interaction were evaluated within the scope of this study, by choosing the 5 studies that best revealed the learning outcomes of the course. At the end of the semester, it was revealed that the students gained the ability to realize interior space organization and plant design. As a result, students who create an infrastructure related to indoor plant design will be successful in sustainable interior design that responds to user requests and needs in their business and/or academic life when they graduate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioproducts are chemicals derived from renewable biological resources and have the potential to replace petrochemicals in the future to tackle the arising environmental problems. Among them, lactic acid (LaA) is attracting significant focus from both academia and industry due to its wide application in our daily life. In this study, lactic acid is produced from the chemo-catalytic converting the glucose over the homogeneous ErCl 3 catalyst in an aqueous solution. The highest LaA yield of 97% was obtained at a full glucose conversion on this homogeneous catalyst at 260 °C through process optimization. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis (TEA) was leveraged for the concept design of LaA biorefineries. Three parameters, namely the selling price of LaA, the price of glucose, and the catalyst recyclability were identified for the overall profit. Therefore, this work highlights the notable ability of TEA for the concept design or simulation to screen the promising biorefinery industrial process, and intuitively provide us with the internal rate of return of a certain chemical process. Thus, this work is supposed to provide the feasibility of LaA acid production from a chemo-catalytic process from both the technical and scientific points of view. [Display omitted] • A high lactic acid yield was obtained on the ErCl 3 homogeneous catalyst. • The potential of using converting glucose to lactic acid was analyzed. • Concept design and tech-economic analysis were performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectural design decisions are primarily made through an interaction between an architect and a client during the conceptual design phase. However, in larger-scale public architecture projects, the client is frequently represented by a community that embraces numerous stakeholders. The scale, social diversity, and political layers of such collective clients make their interaction with architects challenging. A solution to address this challenge is using new information technologies that automate design interactions on an urban scale through crowdsourcing and artificial intelligence technologies. However, since such technologies have not yet been applied and tested in field conditions, it remains unknown how communities interact with such systems and whether useful concept designs can be produced in this way. To fill this gap in the literature, this paper reports the results of a case study architecture project where a novel crowdsourcing system was used to automate interactions with a community. The results of both quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed the effectiveness of our approach, which resulted in high-level stakeholder satisfaction and yielded conceptual designs that better reflect stakeholders' preferences. Along with identifying opportunities for using advanced technologies to automate design interactions in the concept design phase, we also highlight the challenges of such technologies, thus warranting future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The product innovation design is an innovation-intensive process that requires abundant knowledge and design experience, even across industries and disciplines, as a resource for problem solving. Therefore, designers need to have a good command of more design knowledge in this process. However, due to varied expressions of design knowledge (function, principle, structure) in different fields lead to the difficulty in representation of design knowledge, which makes designers unable to innovate by directly using design knowledge. Therefore, to solve the problem above, this paper, analogous to biological gene, proposes a product innovation process model based on functional gene extraction and construction. The proposed process model normalizes design knowledge through functional genes and help designers acquire design knowledge in different fields, which further promotes the product innovation design. The process model consists of four following steps. First, Obtain the overall function of product based on user needs and decompose it. Second, Build the functional gene model based on digital twin ones to expand the breadth of design knowledge and facilitate the retrieval. Third, Screen similar functional gene by the functional similarity algorithm. Finally, Obtain the design scheme through recombination, transcription, and translation of the functional gene. The feasibility of the research method is verified by using a shared bicycle parking device as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, it was aimed to determine the effect of activities carried out in concept design course on course engagement, and to get the opinions of the students in order to make the course more effective and efficient. The case study design was used in the research. While determining the participant group of the study conducted with 14 students, convenient sampling method, which is one of the non-random sampling types was used. Implementation activities lasted eight weeks. In this process, students made hand drawings on paper with a pencil or brush, digital drawings with two-dimensional (2D) graphics programs, and three-dimensional (3D) projects with the Unity game engine. "Classroom Engagement Scales for University Students" and "Student Opinion Form for Concept Design Course Activities" were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon (2-Related Sample) test and descriptively. As a result of the analyses, the concept design course activities significantly increased the course engagement of the students. Although the students generally expressed positive opinions about the course activities, they made some suggestions for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il saggio approfondisce il concept design del maestro milanese Vico Magistretti, concentrandosi su una serie limitata di schizzi appartenenti a progetti non realizzati. All’interno del furniture design, l’analisi e lo studio di alcuni schizzi di sedute, per Cassina e Alias, interrotti nelle prime fasi di evoluzione progettuale, testimoniano come il disegno sia una necessità espressiva di prefigurazione della realtà e diventi un mezzo per comunicare l’essenza dell’oggetto prima ancora della sua traduzione artefattuale. Le ipotesi di traduzione 3D degli schizzi della “poltrona-tapparella”, geometricamente riconducibili a sistemi di superfici rigate sostenute da elementi tubulari in metallo, si pongono l’obiettivo di ricostruire un possibile immaginario, ripercorrendo le continue varianti che si susseguono dal prototipo iniziale e creando un nesso logico con la nascita di altri oggetti iconici del designer. L’utilizzo del digitale vuole restituire una plausibile immagine dell’artefatto a partire da frammenti e appunti che, in una veste di immediatezza e ossessione personale, sintetizzano non solo ambizioni e intuizioni, ma anche problemi tecnici e mancanze nei prodotti esistenti. I disegni diventano dunque preziosi strumenti d’indagine attraverso cui prende forma un progetto creativo, che le nostre tecnologie hanno il dovere di ridisegnare, ricostruire e comunicare.

This research was conducted during Covid 19 Pandemic -when University Education was provided online- as a part of the Design Studio I course for the first-year students of the Interior Architecture Department of Maltepe University, Faculty of Architecture, and Design in the 2020-2021 Academic Year. 62 students participated in this study. In the study in which the empirical research method was used, semi-structured, and closed-ended interview technique was used to analyze the design education, and design principles approaches to the students along with demographic questions. For this purpose, a written interview form consisting of 25 questions was sent. The data conveying the design preferences showing the self-report scales obtained with the natural observation method were tabulated with the qualitative research method. As a result of this study, it was observed that the students were introduced to the concept of design for the first time during their university years. It was determined that they had difficulty in understanding the concept of design in the first stage of distance education, and then they showed improvement. Despite this, it was determined that as their experience increased thanks to course applications, and discussions, their perceptions of the course content also improved.

With the growing complexity of design technology and the emergence of intelligent design assistance, architectural studio classes are facing a new pedagogical paradigm. The digital literacy of younger generations and availability of scientific simulation have the potential to transform the traditional master–apprentice model. In our experiment, we had students perform a museum layout task and observed their behaviors from three perspectives: (1) how students utilize an assistance tool and whether we can group their behavior, (2) how the new simulation-aided design process is different from a traditional one, particularly in terms of the evolution of solution over iteration, and (3) whether students' behavior is affected by the type of design problem given. Protocol analysis on design processes and interviews revealed that individual's characteristic design processes in terms of iteration ranged from distinct iterations guided by simulation to monotonous progress with little simulation. When comparing between an instructor and software, it was not the given environment but the designer's subjectivity that determined their attitudes toward either type of feedback. Lastly, the challenge of integrating design concepts with performance requirements stemmed from a misalignment between their true evaluative measures. We propose that a versatile design platform implement real-time, non-intrusive mechanisms for performance reporting and solution branching, and include social and psychological measures as well as physical ones in order to expand designers' concept choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main performance characteristics of garment fabric are analyzed and extracted, which include physical characteristics, appearance characteristics and subjective evaluation characteristics. A calculating model of fabric' s subjective evaluation is provided, which can be adjusted as the data increasing. The database system of garment fabric is analyzed, and then function design, concept design and logic design are carried out. The user interface (UI) design of garment fabric database system is described. The system can not only serve the fabric management and customization of garment enterprises, but also serve the teaching work of colleges and universities, because it is rich in information and convenient. It is of great significance to digital construction in the clothing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]