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Against the backdrop of global transformations in university admission systems, the quest for an enrolment paradigm that efficiently identifies and selects high-quality students has gained paramount significance. With the help of propensity score matching (PSM), this study controlled students’ backgrounds and compared the performance of students admitted to the university by comprehensive evaluation and by unified examination. The results of this investigation find that there was no significant difference in professional identity, academic performance, and career competence between the two groups of students. However, compared with students admitted by comprehensive evaluation, students who were admitted by unified examination were more inclined to use deep learning strategies. Based on these findings, this research suggested that countries and universities around the world should pay more attention to unified examination when selecting students, and the reform of university enrolment should fully consider the national conditions and seek progress while maintaining stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the widespread use of intensive cropping patterns, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle, which is dominated by autotoxicity, has been becoming more and more prominent. Although many methods have been proposed to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber, no study has reported the screening and evaluation of cucumber germplasm resistant to autotoxicity. In this study, 28 physiological indices related to the cucumber bud stage under cinnamic acid (CA) treatment were determined. In total, 45 cucumber cultivars were classified into three groups using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and a model for evaluating cucumber resistance to autotoxicity was developed. The evaluation model was validated using autotoxicity-tolerant and non-autotoxicity-tolerant cultivars. The results showed that the growth of non-autotoxicity-tolerant cultivars was significantly inhibited compared to autotoxicity-tolerant cultivars. This indicated that the evaluation model of cucumber autotoxicity tolerance is reliable. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for the application of cucumber autotoxicity-tolerant germplasm resources and the development of autotoxicity-tolerant genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea Island cotton is renowned for its superior fiber quality. Although mechanical harvesting has the potential to significantly increase efficiency and reduce the production cost of Sea Island cotton, there is still little research in this area. In this study, we analyzed 240 Sea Island cotton germplasm resources and evaluated 19 traits related to mechanical harvesting. The coefficient of variation ranged from 5.42% to 66.96%, and the genetic diversity index spanned from 1.57 to 2.07. In most traits studied, there was a strong correlation between the height of the first fruiting branch and the defoliation rate. The 19 traits were categorized into 6 factorial groups by principal component analysis, in which the defoliation factor contributed the most (30.89%). The cluster analysis divided the 240 cotton accessions into four main groups, with the second group exhibiting favorable mechanical harvesting characteristics such as higher defoliation rate and first fruit branch height. Using stepwise regression, a model was constructed with the joint evaluation score F-value as the response variable and eight traits (X1: PH, X2: SNB, X3: SBN, X4: MBL, X5: AFBM, X7: MLIA, X8: NB, and X13: 15 d DR) as predictors: Y = −7.2 + 0.01X1 + 0.23X2 + 0.192X3 + 0.038X4 + 0.007X5 + 0.014X7 + 0.025X8 + 2.952X13. Selected materials suitable for machine harvesting, such as MoShi729, were identified. This study provides valuable theoretical insights into the mechanical harvesting of Sea Island cotton germplasm resources and identifies promising materials for targeted breeding and improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the current status of soil quality in Pinggu District, Beijing, this study considered microbial factors based on the traditional comprehensive evaluation system of soil quality. A total of 228 samples were collected using grid-based sampling, and 11 soil indicators were selected considering the three dimensions of soil fertility, soil environment, and soil microorganisms. The soil quality index method was used to quantitatively analyze each indicator and calculate the soil quality index to comprehensively evaluate the soil quality in Pinggu District, Beijing. The results showed that the Integrated Soil Quality Index(ISQI)of Pinggu District ranged from good to excellent (0.60-0.96), with a mean value of 0.74, and the average integrated soil quality evaluation grade was good. Overall spatial distribution showed that areas with low values were in the south and west, whereas high values were obtained in the north and east, respectively. The northern areas, such as Xiong′ erzhai, Huangsongyu, and east area Jinmeihu, were mostly in mountainous or woodland regions, rich in vegetation with few human activities, with high levels of soil fertility, rich in microorganisms, and had a relatively high overall soil quality evaluation grade, whereas the southwestern areas, such as Mafang and Machangying towns, had low levels of soil fertility and few microorganisms, and a relatively low overall quality evaluation grade. The comprehensive quality evaluation grade was relatively low. The ISQI of Xiong′ erzhai Town was the highest at 0.81 and that of Pinggu Town was the lowest at 0.64. The order of ISQI for different land use conditions in Pinggu District was orchard>forest land>wasteland>vegetable land>farmland. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation grade of soil quality was good but different in spatial distribution in Pinggu District, Beijing. The northeastern part was mostly mountainous and forested, with a comprehensive evaluation grade of excellent; the central and southwestern parts were mostly agricultural vegetable land, with the comprehensive evaluation grade of good and medium, and should focus on scientific fertilization and soil quality management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-layer ceramic/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite, especially Al2O3/carbon-aramid hybrid FRP composite, is a common ceramic composite armor system (CCAS) in the protection field. Aiming at selecting an optimal configuration from several schemes with different discrete structural parameters, including the thickness ratio of carbon fiber (CF) to aramid fiber (AF), the prepreg's number of layers (PNL) of CF and AF, etc., a two-step comprehensive optimization and evaluation method is proposed based on the parametrical study of the ballistic behavior and improved analytical hierarchy process (AHP) conducted by finite element analysis (FEA) and Python programming, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this two-step methodology despite the influence of these discrete factors on the ballistic behavior is intricate. Besides, when the PNL is less, the configuration with the PNL of CF is 8, the thickness ratio of CF to AF is 3:7 and the PNL of AF is 14 is the desirable design scheme with the highest comprehensive ballistic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting four major categories of indicators: terrain and geomorphic factors (mainly including elevation, slope, aspect), water buffer zone, NDVI and land use type, using single factor analysis and multi factor weighted superposition methods, ArcGIS analysis technology and Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to analyze the spatial pattern of ecological sensitivity in Xianfeng County, and comprehensive evaluation map of each single factor and multi factor was obtained. The results showed that the overall ecological sensitivity intensity of Xianfeng County had decreased from northwest and southeast to central. The proportion of the areas of extremely low sensitivity, mild sensitivity, moderate sensitivity, high sensitivity and extremely high sensitivity in the total land area of the study area was 0.87%, 14.96%, 27.89%, 35. 51% and 20.77%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordinated development of land urbanization and population urbanization is crucial for the advancement of new urbanization. The study applied the entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree model, taking Shaanxi—a province in China characterized by a moderate pace of economic development and volume, along with distinct geographic and demographic features within its region—as the subject. It assessed the coordination conditions of these two types of urbanization from both macro and micro scales during the years 2010–2022. Utilizing the Analytic Network Process (ANP), the study ranked and analyzed the causes of issues stemming from uneven development, thus connecting a crucial link from theoretical analysis to decision-making implementation. The results showed that: (1) The province's land urbanization index was between 0.075 and 0.203, whereas the population urbanization index ranged from 0.221 to 0.408, with the development of the former significantly lagging behind the latter. (2) The coupling degree between land and population urbanization ranged from 0.835 to 0.854, with a coordination degree between 0.148 and 0.306. This indicated that a close connection had been formed between the two, yet a benign coupling relationship had not been established, displaying a spatial distribution characterized by "high in the middle, low in the north and south". (3) The limitation on further urban expansion was identified as the primary issue to be addressed (with a weight of 0.324), followed by insufficient infrastructure (with a weight of 0.261). The extent of ecological environmental damage was comparatively lower (with a weight of 0.225), and the degree of social injustice was the lowest (with a weight of 0.191). Therefore, to alleviate the problems associated with the imbalanced development between land urbanization and population urbanization, measures such as optimizing land spatial layout, enhancing urban ecological service functions, and strengthening the central cities' radiating effect should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehensive evaluation of crop germplasm serves to scientifically and objectively assess the quality of different genetic accessions against certain standards. Here, we propose an optimized approach to enhance the result's stability when assessing salt tolerance in crop germplasm. This protocol was applied to a case study involving 249 tomato genotypes, systematically refining the processes involved in constructing an evaluation index system, data preprocessing, statistical method selection, and weight calculation. The optimization process reduced the system variance of salt tolerance evaluation results and achieved an 85.42% concordance with a classical approach, across a tomato population covering 241 genotypes, suggesting the improved stability and high accuracy of the optimized protocol. Moreover, an 83.82% consistency rate between pre- and post-optimization results also suggested the high accuracy of the optimized protocol. The enhanced stability was further confirmed by a secondary validation on a subpopulation (covering 39 genotypes), which demonstrated a consistency rate of 83.87% between the two populations. The study identified 8.43% of the evaluated germplasm as salt-tolerant accessions, providing valuable parental materials for breeding programs. The findings underscore the potential of our protocol for the precise identification of stress-resistant germplasm, contributing to the development of stress-tolerant crop varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asparagus, a vital economic contributor, is a well‐liked vegetable grown around the globe, and some secondary metabolites in its spear are beneficial to human health. Asparagus spears possess a significant quantity of nutrients and phytochemicals; however, the difference in these chemical compositions among various varieties has not been sufficiently studied. This work aimed to detect the chemical compositions of 30 varieties of asparagus and to assess them by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the contents of these chemical compositions varied in varieties. Selenium (Se, 1.12–2.9 μg/100 g dry‐weight [DW]) was abundant in asparagus, with an average dry matter content of 8.25%. Free amino acids (5.60–9.98 g/100 g DW) and polyphenols (6.34–8.67 mg/g DW) were both present in high amounts, along with flavonoids (4.218–8.22 mg/g DW) and protodioscin (0.44–1.96 mg/g DW). Correlation analysis, PCA, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of asparagus. Atlas, Appolo, Jinggang 111, Jingke 2, and WS‐1 were the top five varieties with comprehensive scores. This study provided valuable data for the breeding, quality improvement, processing, and utilization of asparagus varieties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars exhibit varying responses to heat stress. To investigate the heat resistance of various cotton and establish an index system for evaluating their heat resistance, 21 cotton cultivars were selected and subjected to two temperature regimes (CK, average temperature 28°C, 32/24°C; HT, average temperature 38°C, 42/34°C). The results showed that under high temperatures, different changes occurred in individual indexes of cotton, reflecting the differences in heat resistance in cotton cultivars. A total of 21 cotton cultivars could be classified into four types: heat‐tolerant, moderate heat‐tolerant, moderate heat‐sensitive and heat‐sensitive cultivars by multivariate statistical analysis. Moreover, the indexes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf superoxide dismutase activity (LSOD), the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSII), leaf malondialdehyde content (LMDA), leaf catalase activity (LCAT), dry matter weight of shoot (SDW) and root malondialdehyde content (RMDA) were determined to be useful for evaluating the cotton heat tolerance by stepwise regression analysis. The pot experiment showed that the reduction of boll number, boll weight and seed cotton yield was more remarkable under HT in the heat‐sensitive cultivar CCRI‐92 than in the heat‐resistant cultivar CCRI‐69, which further verified the screening results. In conclusion, the heat‐sensitive cultivars CCRI‐92 and heat‐resistant cultivar CCRI‐69 which are identified by seedling experiment could serve as ideal experimental materials for studying heat resistance in cotton. The physiological indices such as Pn, LSOD, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, LMDA, LCAT, SDW and RMDA be employed for assessing the heat tolerance in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the performance of ground cover plants in urban green spaces in Ganzhou and select suitable ground cover plant varieties for urban landscaping applications, this study used analytic hierarchy process to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for garden ground cover plants in Ganzhou. Thirteen evaluation indicators were selected from three aspects; ornamental, biological characteristics, and application potential, and 75 types of ground cover plants for landscaping applications in Ganzhou were evaluated and graded. The results showed that the ornamental period, display degree, adaptability and other indicators played a significant role in the comprehensive evaluation of garden ground cover plants. Among them, there were 9 species in Grade I (3.6

Jigu 39 is one of the major research and development achievements of the national millet sorghum industrial technology system during the 13th Five Year Plan. It has outstanding features and achieved the transfer of variety management right. However, in the actual production process, problems such as uneven sowing, unstable yield, harvest loss and disapproval of growers occurred. In order to better explain and clarify the above issues, to further promote Jigu 39 and its light, simple and efficient production technology, we adopted STEM system evaluation method based on field research from four aspects of scientific feasibility, technical feasibility, economic feasibility and model feasibility. The technical and economic evaluation of Jigu 39 and its light, simple and efficient production was carried out. The overall evaluation results showed that the variety and technology popularization were feasible. Compared with other foxtail millet and maize, it had excellent performance in yield increase, income increase and ecological benefits. Therefore, it was suggested that the government, scientific research, business entities and farmers should work together to achieve efficient promotion and demonstration of high-quality new varieties, so that new varieties with excellent adaptability and high-quality supporting cultivation techniques could be more effectively promoted and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of leaves result from the long-term adaptation of plants to their environment and are closely related to plant growth and development. In this study, 37 prickly ash germplasm resources from 18 production areas were utilized as the subjects of research. Logistic equations, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate the leaf traits of prickly ash germplasm resources, with an analysis of their correlation with ecological and geographical factors in the production areas. The results showed that the leaf traits of prickly ash germplasms of different origins are substantially different and diverse. The coefficient of variation for the 14 leaf traits was greater than 10%. The coefficient of variation of the compound leaflet number was the highest among all the considered leaf traits, and the coefficient of variation of leaf thickness was the lowest, at 49.86% and 11.37%, respectively. The leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm originating from Chongqing in Yongchuan, Chongqing in Rongchang, and Yunnan in Honghe ranked highest, whereas the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm from Henan in Jiaozuo, Gansu in Tianshui, and Shanxi in Yuncheng ranked lowest. The results of the correlation analysis showed that among the ecological and geographical factors of the origins, latitude had the strongest correlation with the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm. As latitude increased, the leaves of prickly ash gradually decreased in size, weight, and leaf shape index. The factor with the second strongest correlation was temperature. The leaves of the prickly ash germplasm originating from warmer climate areas were larger and heavier than those from areas with colder climates. Altitude and longitude did not significantly affect the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm, but at similar latitudes, the leaves of the prickly ash germplasm in high-altitude areas were smaller, and the leaves of the prickly ash germplasm in low-altitude areas were larger. These findings can provide valuable references for breeding and the sustainable utilization of new varieties of prickly ash resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation research on integrated transport has mainly focused on urban agglomeration or cities. Yet the integration of various modes of transportation is increasingly being seen at smaller scales, such as counties, due to population concentration and rising affluence levels. Consequently, it is becoming necessary to evaluate the efficiency and convenience of transportation services for people at each location in the county space. This study has evaluated the efficiency and equity of integrated transport from a county perspective. With respect to efficiency indexes, in addition to transportation infrastructure investment, transportation energy consumption, transportation turnover, and other general indicators, we also take into account the accessibility of people to various types of hubs in the county. We use the BCC (Banker, Charnes, Cooper) model in DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) for efficiency evaluation. Besides, we evaluate transport equity by using the Gini coefficient to reflect the population distribution of the county and GIS-based spatial accessibility of each hub site. Finally, we establish an evaluation matrix of efficiency and equity; we employ a spatial overlay method to classify research counties into different quadrants. By comprehensively considering the relationship between efficiency and equity in integrated transport, this study can identify areas for improvement in transportation development. The case study evaluation in Ningbo counties, using data from 2017 to 2020, provides practical questions and constructive suggestions for integrated transport development in these areas. Overall, this research has important implications for local transportation development and could inform policy decisions related to integrated transport. • The research is focused on evaluating the efficiency and equity of integrated transportation. • We expand the evaluation work to include a county-level perspective. • We consider the accessibility of transportation services for residents. • We utilize an efficiency-equity matrix and a DEA model to conduct the evaluation. • This study can assist decision-makers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the transportation system's advantages and disadvantages at the county level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to adopt appropriate regulation strategies of supplementary light for the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality basil (Ocimun basilicum) plants in greenhouse. In this experiment, white (W), blue (B), and red plus blue (RB) LED were used as supplementary light for basil in greenhouse with same daily light integral, and the basil grown without supplementary light was used as the control(CK) to explore the influences of different light qualities on the growth and quality of basil plants and conduct comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the total chlorophyll content and shoot dry and fresh weight of basil plants in treatment RB were increased by 45.1%, 274.3%, and 232.7% compared with CK, respectively, and the soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of basil leaves were increased by 357.1% and 52.9%, respectively. Compared with CK, chlorophyll a content and vitamin C content of basil leaves in treatment B were increased by 51.2% and 76.5%, respectively. In addition, the methods of principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation showed that the comprehensive scores of basil plants treated by RB were the highest and ranked the first. In summary, the growth and quality of basil plants treated with supplementary light were superior to those treated without supplementary light, and the addition of red plus blue LED was beneficial to the growth of basil plants. Therefore, the red plus blue LED light source was a suitable supplementary strategy for basil cultivation in greenhouse during the weak light seasons such as autumn, winter, and early spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five tree species seedlings such as Pterocarya stenoptera (PS), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (MG), Taxodium mucronatum×T. distichum'Zhongshanshan' 601 (TA), Salix chaenomeloides (SC), and Salix jiangsuensis J-172 (SJ) were waterlogged at 5 cm (shallow waterlogging) and 10 cm (deep waterlogging) in the field. The effects of waterlogging on photosynthetic traits, hormones, and antioxidants on these tree seedlings were investigated and their waterlogging tolerance was evaluated. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll, gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) increased in SJ seedlings under waterlogging condition, and the leaves became smaller and greener than those of the control. SJ showed strong adaptability to waterlogging stress. MG seedlings had higher levels of[ (Chla+Chlb) /Car], ZR/IAA, SOD, CAT, and proline under deep waterlogging treatment than those under shallow waterlogging treatment; therefore, MG seedlings are more suitable for deep flooding condition. Waterlogging decreased the levels of chlorophyll and SOD activity, increased H2 O2, and made the leaf yellower in PS seedlings. However, PS seedlings alleviated oxidative stress by increasing the levels of Car, NPQ, proline, and ABA and grew better in shallow waterlogging than in deep waterlogging treatment. The levels of height increment, pigment, qP, and IAA or ZR in SC seedlings were all higher in shallow waterlogging than those in deep waterlogging or CK treatment. SC can grow under shallow waterlogging conditions; however, deep waterlogging is unfavorable to its growth. Under waterlogging condition, the levels of chlorophyll, CAT, and ABA in TA seedlings decreased significantly, whereas MDA and REC increased the most in the five tree species. This indicate that TA seedlings were subjected to the highest oxidation stress compared to other tree species; however, TA seedlings could still grow under waterlogging conditions. Comprehensive assessment showed that the order of waterlogging-tolerance of the five tree species under shallow waterlogging was:PS>SC>SJ>MG>TA and the order under deep waterlogging was SJ>MG>PS>SC>TA. In summary, the five tree species showed strong adaptability to waterlogging stress and are suitable for landscape protection of forest species. This study provides important reference for the screening of landscape protection of forest along the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-quality development of the feed industry is the basis for ensuring the stability and quality safety of the food supply chain, and it is also an important part of building modem animal husbandry power and an agricultural power. Based on the mesoscopic level, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of five dimensions: Product quality, production efficiency, industrial structure, green development, and scientific and technological innovation, and uses the entropy weight method evaluation model to measure the high-quality development level in the feed industry. It is found that from 2012 to 2021, the level of high-quality development in the feed industry has significantly improved, and it exhibits obvious stage characteristics. In the sub-dimension of high-quality development of the feed industry, product quality, production efficiency, green development, and scientific and technological innovation have developed rapidly, but the industrial structure has shown a slight downward trend. Accordingly, it is necessary to formulate a training plan for quality inspection talent, create an innovation chain to achieve 'both quantity and quality' in feed products, promote green production models to empower carbon reduction and efficiency improvement, increase R&D investment, drive intelligent operation, and further empower the high-quality development of the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation districts are a pivotal infrastructure of agricultural water conservancy engineering. Implementing modernization will be the main task of large-scale irrigation districts for a considerable amount of time in the future. In this study, four typical large-scale irrigation districts in North China were investigated: the Renmin Shengliqu, Weishan, Shijin, and Zuncun irrigation districts. The concept of a modern irrigation district was deconstructed to establish an evaluation index system which includes four second-level indicators, twelve third-level indicators, and thirty fourth-level indicators. A hybrid approach based on AHP and OWA was used to quantify indicator weights used in group decision making. TOPSIS was introduced to measure the modernization level of the four irrigation districts. An obstacle factor diagnosis model was applied to search for key obstacle factors that will affect the modernization and improvement of the irrigation districts. The results showed that (1) the modernization levels of the Renmin Shengliqu, Weishan, Shijin, and Zuncun irrigation districts in 2020 and 2025 were 0.3916 and 0.5755, 0.3748 and 0.5396, 0.4493 and 0.6012, and 0.2343 and 0.6166, respectively. The evaluation results indicate that the four irrigation districts are still in the beginning phase (or even preparation phase) of the modernization process. (2) Eight indicators were identified as the main common obstacle factors for the four evaluated irrigation districts, including the irrigation water-use efficiency factor, the coverage proportion of information technology, the proportion of efficient water conservation irrigation areas, and so on. (3) There are two effective methods to enhance the modernization level of the four irrigation districts: improving water resource utilization efficiency and strengthening the management system with an emphasis on informatization. The present study can enrich the theoretical evaluation of irrigation districts and provide a scientific basis for the modernized construction and management of irrigation districts in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems in the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm (PBFT), such as large communication overhead, high delay and inability to reasonably divide according to the differences of scenarios and devices to meet the multi-scenario application of Internet of Things (IoT) in the integration of IoT and blockchain, this paper proposed an improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus algorithm based on Comprehensive Evaluation (CE-PBFT). Firstly, it conducted comprehensive evaluation of nodes based on the weighted performance and reputation value to screen out nodes that meet the needs of specific scenarios; after that, it conducted clustering based on the comprehensive evaluation of nodes to form a two-layer network architecture; finally, it divided the consensus process into sub-cluster consensus and main cluster consensus. The experimental results show that CE-PBFT has high fault tolerance and scenario adaptability, and when the number of scenario nodes reaches 100, it respectively has 93.9% and 87.8% performance optimisation over PBFT in terms of communication overhead and consensus delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the yield and nutritional quality of the mixed sowing combination of beans and grasses in Pamirs Plateau. The mixed sowing combination of Vicia sativa, Avena sativa, Triticale, and Secale was carried out. In the experiment, we set up mono-sowing 255 kg/hm² of Bianfeng (B-D), 255 kg/hm² of Kaisu (K-D), 255 kg/hm² of Sujie (S-D), 255 kg/hm² of Jiedadongmu 70 (J-D), and 150 kg/hm² of Longjian 2 (L-D) as control. Mixed 210 kg/hm² of Bianfeng + 120 kg/hm² of Longjian 2 (BL-H), 210 kg/hm² of Kaisu + 120 kg/hm² of Longjian 2 (KL-H), 210 kg/hm² of Sujie + 120 kg/hm² of Longjian 2 (SL-H), 210 kg/hm² of Jiedadongmu 70 + 120 kg/hm² of Longjian 2 (JL-H) as the treatment group, nine treatments were set up in the experiment, and the production performance and nutrition index were measured, and the grey relational grade was used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the hay yield of JL-H was the highest (15.58 t/hm²), which was extremely higher than that of other mixed sowing combinations (P<0.01). The crude protein content of SL-H was 12.73%, significantly higher than that of other mixed sowing combinations (P<0.05). The content of NDF and ADF in mixed sowing treatment were lower than those in unicast grasses and higher than those in bean grass. The content of NDF and ADF in BL-H treatment was the smallest, which were 56.27% and 36.63%, respectively. The results showed that SL-H mixed sowing combination had the highest comprehensive evaluation value (0.218), and SL-H mixed sowing combination (210 kg/hm² of Sujie + 120 kg/hm² of Longjian 2) was suitable for planting and application in pastoral areas of Pamirs Plateau if both yield and nutritional quality were taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the problem of group evaluation in complex uncertain environments, an interval rough number is used to characterize experts’ preferences, and a stochastic simulation integrated algorithm is proposed based on the G1 method combined with Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Firstly, the weighting coefficients are simulated by random sampling and the weighting of experts are determined based on ordinal correlation and interval rough number closeness. Secondly, the final weights of indicators can be obtained by combining all the experts’ opinions, and they are linearly aggregated with the pre-processed indicator values to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of one simulation, which can be used to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the evaluated objects. Through full simulation, the preference ratio matrix is calculated, and the probability ranking with the probability of superiority is derived from it, which makes up for the deficiency of absolute ranking in the uncertain information environment. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is illustrated by an example and the advantages of the method are described in comparison with the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants is an important component of environmental and climate governance. Synergizing the reduction of air pollution and carbon emissions is a general starting point for advancing the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, which is helpful for the construction of a beautiful China and the achievement of the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. This paper systematically reviews the concept, category, and quantitative evaluation methods of promoting the synergistic effects of air pollution control and carbon emission reduction, and compares the characteristics and applicability of comprehensive top-down, bottom-up, and mixed synergistic effect evaluation models. We also analyzed and summarized the application of synergistic effects in policies to achieve a single target and collaborative control in various countries, with the purpose of providing empirical guidance for China's relevant policies to exert synergistic governance effects. From a technical perspective and combining the direct and indirect links between pollutants and greenhouse gases, this paper analyzes the deep-rooted causes of the synergistic effects, explores the driving forces of key industries such as electric power, industry, and transportation to help reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and summarizes four key scientific issues in comprehensive evaluations of synergistic effects from a management science perspective. The standardization of the comprehensive evaluation process and the interdisciplinary intersection of various evaluation processes reflect the complexity of the evaluations, and it is necessary to analyze the production and transmission processes of greenhouse gases and pollutants, as well as the direct and indirect links between the two and their mechanisms impacting health. The diversity of time, space, and evaluation object selection in comprehensive evaluations leads to uncertainty in the results. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on gradually mature big data collection and storage technology to strengthen the synergistic control and quantitative mapping of the impact on emission levels, health levels, emission reduction costs, and agricultural and ecological systems. Enhancing the comparability of comprehensive evaluations is conducive to the mutual confirmation and comparative analysis of different results. It is also necessary to reasonably calculate the comprehensive benefits of synergistic control in different dimensions. The focus of evaluations at the national, regional, and urban levels varies greatly, so it is necessary to clarify the pollution and carbon reduction governance system and strengthen the hierarchical nature of the evaluations in order to promote more scientific implementation of policies by management departments at all levels to achieve the synergistic effects of carbon emission reduction and air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to provide reference for parent selection of drought resistance breeding in sugarcane, physiological and biochemical indices were used to evaluate the drought resistance of different genotypes of Saccharum spontaneum in seedling stage. 【Method】Thirty S. spontaneum accessions were used as the materials under the normal water and drought stress treatment, and six physiological and biochemical indices were determined at the seedling stage. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance was implemented by the methods of principal component analysis, fuzzy membership function analysis and cluster analysis. 【Result】Compared with the normal water suppy, the activities of CAT, SOD, POD and the contents of MDA, SS and Pro increased under drought stress, but the changes of each index were diferent due to diftrent materials. The results of correlation analysis showed that under drought stress, CAT activity of leaves was significantly positively correlated with Pro content（P＜0.05); SOD activity of leaves was extremely positively correlated with Pro content（P＜0.01); There was a significant negative correlation between POD activity and SOD activity; There was also a significant negative correlation between catalase activity and MDA content, while there was no significant correlation between other indicators（P＞0.05). The principal component analysis showed that the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and the contents of Pro, SS, MDA could be used as important indicators for drought resistance evaluation. Fuzzy membership function analysis and cluster analysis showed that the 30 accessions could be divided into 4 categories, including 1 accession as the high drought-resistant type（90-53), 2 accessions as the medium high drought-resistant type, 14 accessions as the drought-resistant type and 13 accessions as the drought-sensitive type. 【Conclusion】The activities of CAT, SOD, POD and the contents of MDA, SS and Pro could be used as the drought resistance evaluation index of S. spontaneum at the seedling stage. Among the 30 accessions tested, the 90-53 had the strongest drought resistance, followed by 2015-22 and 88-301, 2015-104 had the weakest drought resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine resource allocation in grassroots community health service centers in Guangzhou in 2022. Methods Based on the index system of traditional Chinese medicine resource allocation (community health service center) in Guangzhou, MATLAB R2021a and SPSS 27 software were used to comprehensively evaluate the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine resource allocation in 116 community health service centers in Guangzhou by TOPSIS method and RSR method. Results The allocation of TCM resources in 5 communities, including Xiaoguwei Street Community Health Service Center in Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Dadong Street Community Health Service Center in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Fengyuan Street Community Health Service Center in Leiwan District, Guangzhou City, was evaluated as "excellent", and the allocation of TCM resources in 4 communities was rated as "poor". In addition, 27, 53 and 27 community health service centers were rated as "upper middle", "medium" and "lower middle" respectively. Analysis of variance showed that the difference was statistically significant (F = 231.268, P < 0.001). Conclusion TOPSIS method combined with RSR method can better evaluate the allocation of TCM resources in grass-roots communities: The allocation of TCM resources in grass-roots communities in Guangzhou is generally good, but there are still significant differences among different communities. In the future, health administrative departments at all levels in Guangzhou can rationally allocate resources according to the differences of different communities and better improve the capacity building of traditional Chinese medicine service in grassroots communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive field study was presented to optimize the irrigation techniques for water use efficiency (WUE) and yield in dwarf and densely planted fragrant pears in South Xinjiang. A two-factor and fully randomized design was conducted in the 29th regiment of Xinjiang. Three advanced micro-irrigation systems were selected— surface drip irrigation (M1), subsurface drip irrigation (M2), and root-zone infiltration irrigation (M3)— with traditional flood irrigation (CK) as a comparative baseline. Three irrigation quotas were set as low (I1), medium (I2), and high (I3) to evaluate their suitability under the varying limitations of water resources. A systematic analysis was then implemented to assess the impact of these irrigation modes on several critical parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), desalination rate, growth patterns, yield, WUE, fruit quality, and economic viability. The results show that the subsurface drip irrigation (M2) demonstrated superior performance to enhance the yield and WUE. Notable benefits were obtained to promote the pear growth for the fruit quality. The performance was statistically comparable to M3 (P > 0.05) in the effective salt leaching. Moreover, irrigation modes and irrigation quotas significantly dominated the soil salinity distribution (P<0.05). Three micro-irrigation modes produced a certain degree of salt aggregation, except for the diffuse irrigation. The difference among irigation modes was not significant (P>0.05). Both irrigation modes and irrigation quotas dominated the yield and water use efficiency of fragrant pear. The fruit diameter, yield, water use efficiency, and net profit of M1 were significantly higher than those of surface irrigation (CK and M1) under the same irrigation quotas. But there was no significant difference with M3 (P<0.05). Despite the higher initial investment, M3 generated substantial net profits, second only to M2. Further analysis revealed that the higher irrigation quota consistently improved the fragrant pear growth, yield, and salt-leaching efficiency. PPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA), technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPISIS), and rank-sum ratio (RSR) were also employed to evaluate— integrating environmental, qualitative, and economic factors, and then identify fifteen key indices. The M2I3 treatment emerged as the most effective, while M1I1 was the least. In conclusion, the M2 irrigation mode was recommended for the dwarf and densely planted first-fruiting fragrant pears. An optimal irrigation quota of 6 750 m³/hm² was achieved in the growth period. This finding can greatly contribute the significant insights and practical guidance for the higher efficient, water-conserving, and salt-controlled production in the arid regions of Southern Xinjiang. Substantial theoretical and technical support can also be offered for the forestry and fruit industry. Furthermore, a scientific basis can be gained for the application of water-saving irrigation in the "labor-saving and dense planting" cultivation area of fragrant pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to select alfalfa varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield, and good nutritional value, to enrich and optimize the planting varieties in Longdong arid region. Taking Longdong alfalfa (M11) as the control, the disease resistance, grass yield, and forage quality of the introduced alfalfa were investigated and analyzed, and the entropy weight method TOPSIS was used for a comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that rust and brown spot were the main diseases of alfalfa in Longdong region. The four varieties with the highest scores in the comprehensive evaluation were Empress (M9), Gannong 5 (M10), 55V48 (M8), and M11, which show strong adaptability in Longdong arid region and have the value of being promoted and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to clarify the inmpat of y irradiation on the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper carefully choosed Chuanxiong Rhizoma to carry on a demonstration study. Methods: Through a meticulous assessment, a comprehensive comparison was made between the irradiated and unirradiated Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples. The property characteristics were investigated by colorimeter and electronic nose. The changes in chemical structures and contents was analyzed by fourier infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography and fingerprinting. In a quest to uncover the presence of any new radiolysis products, cutting-edge techniques like ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed. Moreover, the difference of antioxidant activity were investigated. Results: The irradiation doses within 12 kGy had no significant effects on the content of the main chemical components, characteristics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, while changes in some functional groups and degradation of some volatile oil components containing olefins need further study. Conclusion: This study indicates that 60Co-y irradiation is a stable method for sterilization of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. It's also provide a reference for the establishment of irradiation standards for Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other aromatic medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 20 potato varieties as experimental materials, comprehensive evaluation of agronomy characters, yield and flowering features was conducted, and the feasibility of tourism varieties integrating agriculture and tourism. The results showed that 9 varieties were suitable for planting and popularizing as potato varieties for integration of mountain agriculture and tourism. The lowest yield of fresh potato of these 9 varieties was 31 662.00 kg/hm², and the highest yield was 47 892.00 kg/hm².The emergence rate was 84.66%-99.40%, and the commercial potato rate was 84.06%-96.63%, the initial flowering period was from May 5 to 13, and the flowering period was up to 25-38 days, the colors were white, light purplish red, purple red, light purple, dark purple to light blue. There were many flowers, ranging from 13.4-34.9 per plant, corolla was between 3.1-3.8 cm. The taste quality of these varieties was medium or above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geometric error of the rotation axis of a multi-axis machine tool is highly sensitive among the geometric errors of the machine tool. Therefore, establishing an evaluation system for geometric errors of rotation axes is important for improving the machining accuracy of workpieces. First, a model for predicting the geometric error of the rotation axis was established based on the multi-body system theory, and then the mapping relationship between the geometric error of the rotation axis and each region with curvature changes in the S-shaped sample was identified. Next, based on the average value in seven different regions with curvature changes in the S-shaped sample, the weights of the mapping regions were calculated. Subsequently, the weights of the 12 geometric errors of the rotation axis ( ε x (A) , ε y (A) , ε z (A) , δ x (A) , δ y (A) , δ z (A) , ε x (C) , ε y (C) , ε z (C) , δ x (C) , δ y (C) , and δ z (C) ), and the weights of two rotation axes were identified to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the geometric errors of rotation axes. Finally, an S-shaped specimen was machined and subjected to on-machine measurement experiments on a five-axis CNC machine, and two rotary axes were evaluated using the established evaluation system. The results show that the maximum average difference between the actual and theoretical values for the S-shaped samples is within reasonable limits. Further, the comprehensive performance of the machine's rotation axes was evaluated step by step based on the theoretically calculated weight values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】A mathematical evaluation model, D(x), was established to provide a reference for the evaluation, identification and genetic improvement of seed vitality traits in rice.【Method】Taking 25 rice seeds as materials, multiple indexes were determined through standard germination experiment, tetrazolium staining identification, field simulation experiment and Q2 technology, and these indexes were analyzed by principal component analysis combined with membership function method and multiple linear regression, to establish the mathematical evaluation model for seed vitality, D(x). And the D(x) model was used to evaluate the influence of different cultivation densities on rice seed vitality.【Result】The results showed that the average values of germination vigor, germination rate, 7-day bud length, hundred-seed fresh weight, field bud length, field root length, starting metabolism rate (SMR), increased motabolism time (IMT), relative germination time (RGT), and tetrazolium staining rate of indica rice were all higher than those of japonica rice. However, only the average values of 7-day root length, hundred-seed dry weight, and oxygen metabolism rate (OMR) of indica rice were slightly lower than those of japonica rice. In the Q2 test, japonica rice exhibited better performance in IMT value, RGT value, and other indicators. Correlation analysis of 13 rice seed vitality indexes revealed varying degrees of correlations among them. In the Q2 test, SMR value was extremely significantly correlated with IMT value, OMR value, RGT value, and hundred-seed dry weight, and significantly correlated with field bud length. OMR value was extremely significantly correlated with SMR value, IMT value, RGT value, and significantly correlated with germination vigor. A seed vitality comprehensive mathematical evaluation model Y(x) = 0.693+0.003X1-0.006X2-0.127X6-0.004X8+0.234X9 (R²=0.94) was established through stepwise regression. The predicted vitality values (Y) obtained from these five indexes were in close agreement with the order of field emergence rate among the tested materials, and they were highly correlated (r=0.83), indicating that this regression equation could effectively predict rice seed vitality.【Conclusion】Five individual indexes, namely, germination vigor, germination rate, hundred-seed dry weight, oxygen metabolism rate (OMR) and germination initiation time (IMT) could be selected as the basis for the evaluation of seed vitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important resource for urban development, urban shoreline resources have irreplaceable functions in ecology, living, and production Taking Nanchang City as an example, the study selects 12 indicators such as shoreline stability, ecological sensitivity, transportation convenience, night light index. Using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to construct an evaluation index system in order to comprehensively evaluates the potential development of urban shoreline resources in the Nanchang section of the Ganjiang River, then analyzes the problems existing in the utilization of urban shoreline resources and put forward optimal utilization strategies. The results show that: (1) The natural shoreline accounts for 81.08% and the artificial shoreline accounts for 18.92% in the Nanchang section of Ganjiang River. (2) The urban shoreline resources which has highest potential development is about 12.43 km². The higher potential area is about 157.98 km², the middle potential area is about 128.83 km², the lower potential area is about 117.24 km² and the lowest potential area is about 65.16 km². (3) Urban shoreline resources is full of development potential, but it still has many problems, such as low utilization degree of shoreline, irrational utilization of some shoreline, and conflict of shoreline development and protection. (4) The utilization mode of urban shoreline resources in Nanchang should be optimized from the aspects of enriching shoreline utilization types, optimizing development and utilization modes, protecting shoreline ecology, and strengthening restoration and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to explore the physiological response of inoculated endophytic bacteria to sugarcane under drought stress and the effect of alleviating drought‑tolerant, and to provide research basis for the development and utilization of sugarcane drought‑tolerant functional strains and the promotion of drought resistance cultivation techniques in sugarcane. Four sugarcane endophytes with strong in vitro drought tolerance were selected as the target strains. Two soil water contents were set up in pot experiment, namely normal watering (CK: soil water content 25%-30%) and moderate drought stress (soil water content 10%-12.5%), and a total of 8 treatments were inoculated with single endophyte, combined endophyte and no endophyte, respectively. Physiological and biochemical indexes of sugarcane seedling stage were determined, and drought resistance of each treatment was evaluated comprehensively. Compared with CK, drought stress promoted the accumulation of proline (Pro), soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in sugarcane plants. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased. The contents of leaf relative water content (RWC), water loss rate in vitro (RWL) and chlorophyll (ChI) decreased. Compared with the treatment without inoculation, the inoculation of endophytic bacteria effectively alleviated drought stress under drought stress, among which ZM strain inoculated alone (ZD) had the highest comprehensive evaluation value of drought resistance D, and the gray correlation analysis showed that SOD, ChI, RWC and Pro were closely related to the D values of each treatment. ZM strain inoculation has the best effect on alleviating drought stress of sugarcane seedling, and can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane seedling by increasing the contents of ChI, RWC, Pro and SOD activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive evaluation of the medical service capacity of 33 tertiary comprehensive public hospitals in Anhui Province was conducted by applying entropy TOPSIS，osculating value method，and RSR to explore ways of improving the medical service capacity of tertiary comprehensive public hospitals in Anhui Province，and to provide scientific basis for further reformation of public hospitals. The ranking results obtained by the three evaluation methods are similar，the difference between the three levels of“good”“medium”and “poor”obtained from the graded results of the RSR method is statistically significant，and there is a large gap between hospitals of different levels. Most of the tertiary comprehensive public hospitals in Anhui Province are at an average level of medical service capacity with regional differences between northern Anhui，central Anhui， and southern Anhui. Further improvements should be made to the process of consultation services，reasonable control of medical costs，and optimization of healthcare resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important crop grown worldwide as a food and fodder crop owing to its potential nutritional and feed values. High-efficiency herbicide varieties is crucial to achieving efficient weeding and ensuring successful foxtail millet production. Herbicides affect several morphological and physiological indicators of foxtail millet. In this study we aimed to evaluate the damage caused by herbicides, improve their effectiveness, and select indicators that accurately reflect herbicide resistance in foxtail millet. Jingu 21, which has the largest planting area in Shanxi province and even the whole of China, is selected as the experimental material to be sown in the field in 2022. A total of 31 herbicides were applied, and 21 traits, including morphological, physiological, and yield-component traits, were measured to assess millet resistance. Principal component analysis was employed to transform these 21 conventional traits into seven independent and comprehensive indexes. These indexes were screened using regression analysis, resulting in the selection of the following indicators: the surface area of the second leaf from the top, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyll (a + b), grain weight per ear, and yield. Through membership function and cluster analyses, the resistance of Jingu 21 to 31 herbicides was divided into five categories: extremely weakly resistant, weakly resistant, moderately resistant, strongly resistant, and extremely strongly resistant. Jingu 21 exhibited extremely strong resistance to lactofen, butachlor, and anilofos. After an investigation into the effectiveness of herbicides, it was found that eight herbicides had good effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The voids beneath cement concrete slabs are a major invisible disease, resulting in a rapid decrease in service performance in the composite pavement. Accurate voids prediction is essential for the extensive application and long-term service of composite pavement. This research provides a FEM-ANN (Finite Element Modelling-Artificial Neural Network) method to predict the voids beneath concrete slabs. These ANN models include the original back propagation (BP), the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) BP model, the genetic algorithm (GA) BP model, and the whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) BP model. The voids FEM model is established and validated by the measured data in the field, and the relative error of measured and simulated results is within 4%. The cross-validation results show that the WOA-BP model has the best prediction performance, with the highest score of 8, which refers to the overall score of the mean value and variance of these evaluation indices. Therefore, this FEM-ANN framework is an efficient method for estimating the voids beneath concrete slabs. Furthermore, it is discovered that the base modulus with the highest contribution degree of 20.34% is the most dominant factor in predicting the voids output. A FEM-ANN method is utilised to predict the voids beneath concrete slabs The WOA-BP model exhibits the best comprehensive performance of the four ANN models. ${\rm W}_d$ W d and pavement mechanical responses have a positive effect on ${\rm A}_v$ A v opposite to ${\rm K}_d$ K d and pavement structure. The base modulus is the primary factor in predicting the voids output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to improve and extend the improved spatial Moran's I theory by analyzing multi-observation samples. By constructing an expanded spatial weight matrix, a vector definition of the improved spatial Moran's I is given. In order to improve the judgment basis of the improved spatial Moran's I, the range of the improved spatial Moran's I is derived using the non-negativity of variance. Since the improved Moran's I is only applicable to the analysis of a single variable with unknown distribution, a Moran's I matrix suitable for analyzing the spatial autocorrelation of multiple variables is proposed. The distribution of the elements of the Moran's I matrix is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show that only the elements on the non-main diagonal follow a normal distribution when the sample size is small. Any element follows a normal distribution when the sample size is large. Then it is proved that the Moran's I matrix follows a Wishart distribution when the spatial weight matrix is a positive definite matrix. Finally, several comprehensive evaluation indicators suitable for the theory of multivariate spatial autocorrelation are proposed based on the algebraic meaning of the Moran's I matrix. Spatial autocorrelation analysis is carried out in combination with multi-dimensional air pollution data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly recommended over warfarin in stroke prevention for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is an important evidence gap in choosing the most appropriate DOAC for Chinese patients in clinical practice. Methods: A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was adopted to build a scoring framework. Attributes and criteria were identified and determined by a scoping literature review, two rounds of Delphi surveys, and a consensus meeting. Weights of each attribute and criterion in the framework were determined using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Evidence was collected based on the domestic or at least Asian data. Scoring methods for each criterion were developed depended on their characteristics and determined with an expert consensus meeting. Comprehensive scores of each DOAC were calculated based on the utility scores of each criterion and their corresponding weights. Results: A total of 5 attributes, including safety, efficacy, costs/cost-effectiveness, suitability, and accessibility, were determined, and 16 criteria were under the 5 attributes. The safety and efficacy were ranked as the top two important attributes with the weights of 38.8% and 35.9%, respectively, while the suitability received the lowest weight of 7.9%. The comprehensive score for edoxaban was the highest (72.3), followed by dabigatran (49.7), rivaroxaban (37.9), and apixaban (35.8). Conclusions: This study provided a scoring framework developed for comprehensive evaluation of DOACs in China. The ranking of DOACs could help to support the decision-making in clinical practice. The framework could provide a reference for comprehensive evaluation of other drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development requires social development and economic construction to be coordinated with the carrying capacity of the ecological environment. It necessitates adhering to the concept of sustainable development while pursuing economic development and social progress, improving the effective utilization rate of natural resources, and protecting and improving the ecological environment in which people live. This paper takes the e-commerce trade ecological industrial park in Dalian Economic Development Zone as an example to comprehensively evaluate its sustainable development ability using the state-of-the-art techniques of soft computing. Soft computing has recently gained appeal over traditional hard computing because it can cope with uncertainty just as easily as a human can. The basic aim of the study is to avoid excessive resource and environmental pressure hindering the coordinated development of various subsystems of the park. First, an evaluation index system containing four subsystem elements of the environment, society, economy, and resources was constructed, and the importance of each index in the evaluation index system was calculated. Second, the distance model and fuzzy logic of soft computing were used to comprehensively evaluate the sustainability of the selected industrial park. Six criteria were established to describe the sustainability of the industrial park based on the opinions of industry professionals, with references to the research findings of local and international forerunners. The finding of the paper shows that the development level index of each subsystem of the industrial park has continued to rise, except for a few cases. The result also demonstrates that the overall coordinated development degree of the park has increased year by year from 2010 to 2019. This means that the coordinated development level has improved from the initial barely coordinated level in 2010 to the high-quality coordinated development level in 2019; however, the overall coordinated development degree is still less than 0.9. Through this study, it is possible to judge the sustainable development ability of the four subsystems of the industrial park and whether it meets the relevant standards of resource consumption and environmental protection stipulated by the state. It is of great practical significance for promoting the formation of a good ecological chain between enterprises in the park, realizing resource recycling, and reducing waste discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various modes are adopted in fruit tree cultivation, according to the growth and development of tree species and varieties, local climate, geography, water and soil resources, and human activities. There are also differences in shaping and pruning. The fruit quality and yield can depend mainly on the advantage ratio between nutrient sources and reservoirs in different parts of the tree crown. Taking 'Huizao' jujube as an example, there are different requirements in the renewal period of the fruiting branch group under cultivation modes. There are also great variations in the fruiting, yield, and fruit quality of secondary branches at different branch ages. In this study, an evaluation system was established for the pruning and fruit quality of 'Huizao' jujube. 21 quality indicators were also compared, such as biomass characteristic parameters, surface color difference values, and mineral element content of 1, 2, 3, and 4-year-old secondary branch fruits. The comprehensive quality model was proposed to rank the excellent degree, according to the comprehensive quality score. The results indicate that there was a significant difference in the variation coefficient (CV) of 21 fruit quality indexes. The CV values of the total P, Mn, Cu, and total acid content were all greater than 15.0%, among them the CV of total P content was the largest (19.2%); the CV of ascorbic acid content, Ca, Fe, and color difference value b* were between 10.0% and 15.0%, the CV of total flavonoids content and color difference value L*, Zn and color difference value a* were between 5.0% and 10.0%, the CV of other quality indexes were less than 5.0%. Three common factors with characteristic root values greater than 1 were extracted by factor analysis, where the cumulative variance contribution rate was 100.00%. The contribution rate of the first common factor was 44.81%, which was mainly determined by eight factors (the fruit surface color difference value L*, a*, b*, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit shape index, single fruit weight and Mg content), indicating the fruit surface color, fruit size, and appearance quality indicators. The contribution rate of the second common factor was 32.21%, which was determined by the contents of protein, total flavonoids, soluble solids, total sugar, K, total acid and Cu, indicating the taste quality and level of some nutritional contents. The contribution rate of the third common factor was 22.99%, which was determined by the contents of total P, Zn, Ca, Mn, Fe and ascorbic acid, indicating the content of mineral elements and Vc in fruits. The comprehensive quality score of fruit on the secondary branch was ranked in the order of the three- > four- > two- > one -year-old secondary branch fruit. A suitable cultivation model was formed to balance the various advantages of the secondary branches with different ages. More than two-year-old branches should be left, whereas, the one-year-old secondary branches should be minimized as much as possible when pruning of 'Huizao' jujube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drought resistance of 37 accessions of chrysanthemum related species by measuring morphological traits to excavate excellent drought-resistant germplasm, providing important parental materials for cultivating of new drought-resistant chrysanthemum varieties. [Methods]A total of 9 morphological traits, i.e.,fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, plant height, root length, wilting index, fresh and dry root-shoot ratio, were investigated for a set of 37 accessions of chrysanthemum related species under drought stress condition. Then, the phenotypic plasticity in response to drought stress was analyzed, and the drought resistance of different species was evaluated by membership function analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. [Results]The investigated traits exhibited significant differences between control（normal watering）and drought conditions, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 12.79% to 72.00% and the phenotypic plasticity index varying in a range of 0.37-0.90. Based on the membership function method and cluster analysis, the tested materials were divided into strong resistance, moderate resistance, low resistance, and susceptibility types, and the average comprehensive drought resistance index D-value was 0.80,0.54,0.42 and 0.26,respectively. [Conclusions]Drought stress significantly affected the growth of chrysanthemum related species. The chrysanthemum related species with strong drought resistance, i.e.,Chrysanthemum indicum in Yuntaishan and Funiushan, Chrysanthemum vestitum,Chrysanthemum ornatum,could be used as candidate parental materials for the genetic improvement of cultivated chrysanthemum targeting drought resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The voids beneath cement concrete slabs are a major invisible disease, resulting in a rapid decrease in service performance in the composite pavement. Accurate voids prediction is essential for the extensive application and long-term service of composite pavement. This research provides a FEM-ANN (Finite Element Modelling-Artificial Neural Network) method to predict the voids beneath concrete slabs. These ANN models include the original back propagation (BP), the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) BP model, the genetic algorithm (GA) BP model, and the whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) BP model. The voids FEM model is established and validated by the measured data in the field, and the relative error of measured and simulated results is within 4%. The cross-validation results show that the WOA-BP model has the best prediction performance, with the highest score of 8, which refers to the overall score of the mean value and variance of these evaluation indices. Therefore, this FEM-ANN framework is an efficient method for estimating the voids beneath concrete slabs. Furthermore, it is discovered that the base modulus with the highest contribution degree of 20.34% is the most dominant factor in predicting the voids output. A FEM-ANN method is utilised to predict the voids beneath concrete slabs The WOA-BP model exhibits the best comprehensive performance of the four ANN models. ${\rm W}_d$ W d and pavement mechanical responses have a positive effect on ${\rm A}_v$ A v opposite to ${\rm K}_d$ K d and pavement structure. The base modulus is the primary factor in predicting the voids output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the phenotypic character of different germplasm resources of woody vegetable Erythropalum scandens and lay a foundation for selecting excellent E. scandens resources with large leaf and vigorous branch. In this study, 20 provenances from Vietnam and three provinces (regions) in China (Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian) were selected as the research objects. Twelve leaf character and four branch characters were measured and calculated. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis and correlation analysis were performed, and the phenotypic characteristics of different E. scandens resources were counted, classified and evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant or extremely significant differences in most leaf and branch characters among different resources. The rangeabilities of the coefficient variation (CV) of all characters within provenances were not the same. The rangeability order of the coefficient variation of all characters among different resources was leaf functional character(15.42%~70.01%)> branch character(20.57%-71.71%)> leaf morphological character (3.39%~20.01%). Phenotypic variation within provenance was more prominent. (2) In terms of correlation between leaf morphological character and functional characteristic, there was a significant correlation between number of new branches, number of internodes and number of new leaves, but there was no significant correlation between number of new branches and leaf morphological characters. (3) Four principal components could be extracted from 16 phenotypic characters, and the total contribution rate was 85.528%. Four principal components reflected leaf morphology, leaf germination and growth, leaf shape, dry matter accumulation and branch thickening, respectively. (4) Cluster analysis of 20 resources could be divided into three categories, one had large leaves and good growth condition, one had small leaves and vigorous branches, and the other one was not outstanding in comprehensive performance. The geographical distribution of the subgroups of the major resources was close to each other. (5) Anxi and Fuqing in Fujian could be selected as resources with large leaves; Daxin, Shangsi and Guiping in Guangxi could be selected as resources with strong branches. In conclusion, the provenances of Anxi in Fujian has the best comprehensive performance, followed by Fuqing, Haifeng, Nanning and Chaling. Zhaoping and Yizhou has the worst comprehensive performance and they are not suitable for cultivation in Nanning. In some resources, there are excellent single plants with outstanding growth performances, which could be developed into clones for further provenance tests. This study provides a scientific basis for the analysis of phenotypic characters and the initial performance of different E. scandens germplasm resources in Nanning, and lay a foundation for screening and breeding high-yield E. scandens varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authenticity of the existing simulation test results of autonomous vehicle scenarios is insufficient, and the evaluation method based on actual test data lacks real-time performance. In order to evaluate the test process in real time with real data, this paper proposed an automatic driving test scene generation method based on the original scene library. Using differential positioning GPS and video image processing tools, combined with the high-precision map of the test site, it designed a real-time test and evaluation method for autonomous vehicles. The method was verified by an autonomous driving test field. The results show that this method has high feasibility, and can comprehensively evaluate the automatic driving ability of vehicles in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Clarify the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality and screen for excellent varieties of taste type tomatoes, to provide references for constructing quality evaluation systems of taste type tomatoes. [Methods] Using 17 taste type tomato varieties as experiment materials. 10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality were tested. Factor analysis, stepwise regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to screen for the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality. The quality of taste type tomatoes were then comprehensively evaluated. [Results] The variation of aromatic substance content was the largest among the 10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality, with a variation coefficient of 66.49%. With a variation coefficient of 9.56%, the variation of fruit vertical diameter was the smallest. The comprehensive quality analysis of the 10 indexes obtained 3 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.267%. The explanatory indexes were fruit soluble solids content, reducing sugar content, single fruit weight, aromatic substance content, sugar-acid ratio and titratable acid content. According to the correlation between indexes, and the principle of easy to use and avoiding information overlap, four indexes of fruit soluble solids content, single fruit weight, aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio were selected as the representative indexes to evaluate the quality traits of taste type tomatoes. Using common factor scores and variance contribution rates, the comprehensive quality ranking of the varieties were calculated, and 7 high-quality taste type tomato varieties were selected. 【Conclusion Fruit soluble solids content, single fruit weight,aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio could be used as representative indexes to evaluate taste type tomatoes. The quality traits of Hangfengaotang, 700, 1933, Meidai, 2001, Tianlian and Jingfan No.1 were better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to reveal the feeding production potential of broomcorn millet in Heilongjiang Province, improve the scientificness and effectiveness of feeding of glutinous millet straw, and provide high-quality germplasm resources for feeding breeding of broomcorn millet. The performance and feeding indexes of 14 broomcorn millet cultivars were analyzed and measured, and the membership functions were used to comprehensively evaluate the different varieties. The results showed that Longmi 9, Ji Shu 3, Jinshu 9 and Yu Mi 3 had high yields of fresh grass and hay, which could be used as high-yield variety resources. The feeding quality indexes of Longshu 23, Mucfeng 7, Ji Shu 3 and Jinshu 9 were good, which could be used as variety resources with high nutritional value. According to the fuzzy membership function analysis, the D value of Ji Shu 3, Longmi 9 and Longshu 23 were better, and the comprehensive evaluation were better, which could be widely promoted as excellent feeding broomcorn millet varieties in this area, so as to improve the level of straw utilization and increase agricultural additional output value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the carrying capacity of regional groundwater resources, this paper proposed an evaluation method of groundwater resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit improved TOPSIS. Firstly, it determined the evaluation indexes of groundwater resources carrying capacity of 11 regions, and calculated the weight of each evaluating index by expert consultation and genetic analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, it determined 5 evaluation grade standards of each evaluation index, and then built the evaluation model of groundwater resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit improved TOPSIS (GRCC-TPP). The GRCC-TPP model was used to evaluate the groundwater resources carrying capacity of five prefecture level cities in northern Henan in 2015. The results show that the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in Jiaozuo City is the best, which is grade Ⅱ (basically loadable); the situation of Hebi, Xinxiang and Puyang cities is grade Ⅲ (critical overload) and Anyang City is the worst, which is grade Ⅳ (overload). The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual groundwater resources carrying capacity in northern Henan, indicating that GRCC-TPP model has good applicability in the quantitative evaluation of regional groundwater resources carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato is the third largest food crop after maize and rice in Yunnan Province, and the potato industry is one of the important pillars in agriculture sector that highly supports farmers' income in underprivileged areas and developing plateau-like agriculture. A variety comparison test was conducted to optimize the variety structure and industrial layout of 51 potato varieties, developed by the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, a representative region for winter potato cultivation in Yunnan Province. The effects on seedling emergence and yield of various dormancy breaking methods for seed tubers and the correlations between different agronomic traits were analyzed. A two- factor strip experimental design with factors A and B was adopted, referring to the variety and to the treatment method for seed tubers. Fifty- one varieties were divided into five groups based on their characteristics, i.e. demonstration group (A1), processing group (A2), winter cropping group (A3), spring cropping group (A4), and specialty group (A5). Three types of seed tuber treatment methods were used for dormancy breaking, i.e. room temperature storage, chemical sprouting (soaked with 1% thiourea + 20 mg/L GA3 for 30 min), and low temperature storage (4-6℃). Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield. The results showed a highly significant difference in potato yield caused by three different potato treatments (F = 9.713, P < 0.001), and the yield difference between different variety groups was also highly significant (F = 17.134, P < 0.001). Further, correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive correlation between seedling vigor and growth vigor, and a significant positive correlation between seedling vigor and tuber number per plant, as well as highly significant positive correlations among four traits, yield per plant, large tuber percentage, tuber size, and marketable tuber percentage. However, there was a highly significant negative correlation between growth vigor and harvest maturity. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that two potato varieties, 'Yunshu 902' and 'Yunshu 108', achieved high comprehensive scores, with scores of 0.850 and 0.608, respectively, while 'Yunshu 506' and 'Yunshu 401' achieved medium scores, with scores of 0.010 and-0.011, respectively. The lower scores belong to 'Yunshu 103' and 'Yunshu 701', which were -0.905 and -0.964, respectively. An analysis of the performance differences of 51 potato varieties under specific conditions were conducted, which helps to optimize variety selection and planting management strategies. The study provides a practical planting basis not only for further optimizing regional potato variety layout structure and accelerating the renewal of new varieties, but also for enhancing the market competitiveness in main potato production areas in Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study aims to investigate the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and nutrient evolution in artificially planted Hippophae rhamnoides forests during different afforestation periods in the abandoned mining area of Shuanglonggou, Haxi. The main environmental factors affecting changes in soil enzyme activities in the region are elucidated, providing a theoretical basis for the protection, restoration, and improvement of the ecological environment of Qilian Mountains and similar mountainous areas with mining waste. [Methods] Based on soil test data from four afforestation periods and three soil profiles in the region, multiple factor correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to investigate the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and nutrient evolution in Hippophae rhamnoides forests in the mining waste hills. [Results] Significant differences in soil enzyme activities were observed among the different areas, with a general trend of afforestation for 10 years＞afforestation for 5 years＞afforestation for 2 years＞control barren land. With the restoration of the artificially planted Hippophae rhamnoides forests, the activities of sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and urease in the soil increased by 7.93% to 238.73%, and agglomeration phenomenon was observed in the surface soil (0—5 cm). The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen increased continuously in the surface soil, while the fluctuation of available phosphorus decreased and the change in total phosphorus was not significant. Soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly and extremely significantly positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen content, respectively, and catalase activity was extremely significantly negatively correlated with organic matter. Urease activity was extremely significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen. Total nitrogen was identified as the main environmental factor affecting soil enzyme activity in the region. [Conclusion] Artificial planting of Hippophae rhamnoides can effectively improve species diversity, promote plant community construction, increase soil nutrient accumulation, and enhance soil enzyme activity in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The coupling relationship between stand structure and water connotation function of Pinus massoniana mixed forests was examined in order to figure out the reasonable types of P. massoniana mixed forests, mixing ratio and stand structure, and provide the theoretical basis for sustainable development of mixed forests and improving water conservation capacity of forests. [Methods] The site factors and stand factors of 15 typical masson′s pine-broadleaf mixed forests, masson′s pine-Chinese fir mixed forest and Masson′s pine pure forest（control） were investigated in Deshun Township, Liping County, Guizhou Province. According to the obtained survey data, principal component analysis was used to analyze 9 kinds of forest structure factors, including average DBH, average tree height, maximum water holding capacity of litter and existing litter, and coupling analysis between the principal component factors with dimensionality reduction and water conservation function was carried out. According to the coupling relationship model of forest structure and function, the water conservation function of mixed forest was evaluated. [Results] There were no significant differences in soil thickness, shrub cover, soil porosity and soil water holding capacity among different forest types（p＞0.05）, but there were significant differences in the existing litter stock, average maximum litter holding capacity, average maximum litter holding capacity and thickness of litter in the sample plots（p＜0.05）. The coupling linear model of stand structure and water conservation function was established, in which the main indexes affecting the functional of water conservation were stand structure indexes such as average DBH, average tree height, stand density index, tree species composition, and water conservation function indexes such existed litter stock, maximum litter water holding capacity and maximum litter water holding rate. The weighted ratio of the maximum water holding capacity of litter was 14.4%. The water conservation function evaluation values of the investigated stands decreased in the oder: P. massoniana×Schima superba＞P. massoniana×Castanopsis cuspidata＞P. massoniana×Cunninghamia lanceolata＞P. massoniana pure forest. [Conclusion] The water connotation function of masson pine broadleaf mixed forest was better than those of Masson′s pine coniferous mixed forest and pure forest, and the P. massoniana×S. superba mixed forest with 750 plants/hm², canopy density of 0.7 and mixing ratio of 1∶2 or 2∶1 was the best stand structure for water conservation function in the investigated area in Liping County, Guizhou Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Comprehensive evaluations of centralized bio-energy mode are quantified. • Up-scaling and transport optimization are adapted to environment and economy targets. • Optimal collection radius for pig waste less than 31.45 km is determined. • Applicability and feasibility can be obtained regards to multi-subjects. • Experience for centralized mode promotion can be provided to other similar regions. Pig breeding is moving toward more intensive development and is accompanied by the integrated generation of pig waste. This has disrupted the synergy between the original manure and sewage management mode and corresponding farmland at the household level. Centralized bio-energy mode is proposed to relieve environmental pressure, increase the resource recovery efficiency and rebuild the breeding and cropping. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information on a regional scale, particularly regarding evaluation, applicability and feasibility. Therefore, compared to the individual and traditional mode at the household level, this study was conducted using life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis, systematically assessed the environmental performance and economic viability of the centralized bio-energy mode at the regional scale, and further explored the adaptability of multi-subjects (various pig farms and biogas enterprise) and regional feasibility. Results revealed that the centralized bio-energy mode appeared to be a better alternative in terms of global warming, terrestrial acidification and marine eutrophication, with the significant reductions of 49.49 %, 6.8 % and 4.67 % respectively. Moreover, the study demonstrated a substantial profit of 48.5 CNY 1 1 CNY, Chinese yuan, 1 CNY=0.145 USD (1 April 2023). per ton of managed pig waste. Furthermore, both environmental and economic performance could be improved through scale expansion and transport optimization, with an optimal collection radius of less than 31.45 km. Conclusions clarified the potential of centralized bio-energy mode and provided valuable references for its implementation in various regions. Ultimately, further contributing to a more efficient, cost-effective, and regulated manner for resource recovery, culminating in the sustainability of pig farming and achieving environmental-friendly agriculture practices in regional contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]