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New Schiff base ligand: 4-methoxy salicaldhyde-2-2-phenyl-hydrazono acetaldehíyde prepared by facile method. The molecular structures characterized by elemental analysis and proton magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR spectra). This spectra at the chemical shifts (3.5–10.39 ppm) confirmed the types and the numbers of protons. The sharp melting point at the range 110–112 °C confirmed purity. New optically active metal (samarium, terbium and gadolinium) complexes of the Schiff base synthesized in a one pot reaction. Vibrational IR spectra confirmed functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed that the modified microstructure of the metal complexes differed in morphology than the ligand. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed good crystalline structure. The optically activity of the solid metal complexes confirmed from electronic absorption spectra. The UV absorbance band at the wavelength range 280–390 nm and the intense phosphorescence bands up to 830 nm enabled application in photo dynamic therapy for apoptosis cancer cells by conversion triplet oxygen in the tissues into reactive singlet oxygen. Low charge transfer energy: 2.59–2.61 eV, high molar extinction coefficients (ε) at the order of magnitude M− 1 cm− 1 and the intense phosphorescence bands reflected good photodynamic activity. The metal complexes are thermally stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Starch‐based food is easy to retrograde during cold storage after gelatinization, which leads to quality fission and a relatively short shelf life. Some lipids can effectively enhance the storage stability of starch gels by the formation of starch–lipid complexes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP) on gelatinization, rheological and retrogradation properties of Japonica rice starch (JS) at different conditions and to analyze the correlation between the physical‐chemical properties and structural characteristics of the JS–GMP complex.The addition of GMP to JS could retard the process of starch gelatinization through forming JS–GMP complexes. The resulting JS–GMP pastes were typical pseudoplastic fluids with shear thinning, and their solid‐like properties were prominent (tan δ < 1). In addition, the retrogradation of JS–GMP complex was more inhibited during storage at −18 than at 4 °C. The added amount of GMP was negatively and highly associated with the minimum viscosity, consistency coefficient, hardness and elasticity, whereas it was positively and highly correlated with the breakdown value, fluid characteristic index and relative crystallinity. The relative crystallinity of JS was affected by GMP in an approximate dose‐dependent manner.The addition of GMP can influence the gelatinization properties, rheological properties and retrogradation characteristics of JS, and the formation of JS–GMP complex could improve the quality and storage stability of starch gel, which provides ideas for the quality control of starch‐based food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of a novel complex [Ni3 (L3 -)2 (1,4-bib)4 (H2 O)2]·5H2 O (1) with three-dimensional framework structure was achieved through a hydrothermal reaction, employing 5-((4-carboxylphenoxy)-methyl) isophthalic acid (H3 L) as the main oxygen-containing ligand, complemented by the N-donor ligand 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (1,4-bib), and Ni(II) ions. The structure of complex 1 was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. Complex 1 is crystallized in the triclinic crystal system of P-1 space group, and its crystallographic parameters are a =1. 260 5(7) nm, b = 1. 349 1(7) nm, c = 1. 364 8(7) nm, α = 111. 913(8)°, β = 117. 251(7)°, γ =90. 732(8)°, V =1. 866 2(18) nm3, Z =1, Mr =1 769. 66, F(000) =916, μ = 0. 84 mm-1, Dc = 1. 575 mg·m-3, S =1. 06, R1 =0. 056, wR2 =0. 159. The joint contribution of semi-rigid tricarboxylic acid ligand L3 -, rigid 1,4-bib and also with Ni(II) ion to form a predictable high-dimensional structure. Complex 1 is a three-dimensional network constructed through the coordination of N and O atoms with Ni ion and the structural extension of the ligand. In addition, the magnetic properties of Ni(II) compound containing single d electron center were studied: the carboxyl group in mononuclear complex 1 only binds to one cation, resulting in magnetism in the solid being determined by the behavior of single metal ions. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility of　χmT in complex 1 can be described by zero field splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background New antifungal agents are required to mitigate against azole-resistant Aspergillus and drug-resistant non- Aspergillus moulds. The novel orotomide, olorofim (F2G, Manchester, UK), has potent fungicidal activity against Aspergillus including azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium spp. Development of olorofim-specific clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cut-off values requires reliable MIC data. Objectives Determine the in vitro activity of olorofim compared with standard antifungals against mould pathogens at an Australian hospital. Materials and methods Olorofim MICs were determined for 507 clinical mould isolates using the CLSI M38-A3 standard. MICs of amphotericin B, anidulafungin, posaconazole, voriconazole and isavuconazole were obtained using Sensititre™ YeastOne YO10 and AUSNMRCI panels (Thermo-Fisher Scientific). Results A. fumigatus sensu stricto was the commonest species (33.3%) followed by L. prolificans (18.3%), Scedosporium (11.4%) and Fusarium (6%) species. Olorofim modal MICs were ≤0.25 mg/L (MIC90 0.25 mg/L) for all Aspergillus except Aspergillus Section Usti (1 mg/L); MICs for nine azole-resistant/non-wild-type A. fumigatus ranged from 0.008 to 0.125 mg/L. The MIC90 of olorofim for L. prolificans was 0.5 mg/L, 0.25–0.5 mg/L for Scedosporium spp. and 8 mg/L for the F. solani complex but with modal MICs of 0.25 and 0.008 mg/L for F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum complexes, respectively. For Verruconis gallopava (n  = 10), the olorofim MIC90 was 0.06 mg/L (voriconazole MIC90 2 mg/L, isavuconazole MICs of 4–>8 mg/L). Olorofim had little activity against other dematiaceous moulds including Exophiala species. Conclusions Olorofim was highly active against Aspergillus spp. including azole-resistant A. fumigatus , L. prolificans , Scedosporium spp. and some Fusarium species with the new finding of potent activity against V. gallopava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of three metal (Ag(I) and Hg(II)) complexes based on bis‐carbene ligands and correlative three precursors H2Ln·(PF6)2 (n = 1–3) were reported. In each cationic moiety of complexes 1 and 2 and the monomer of complex 3, two Ag+ (or Hg2+) ions and two Ln (n = 1–3) formed one 36‐membered macrometallocycle. There existed π–π interactions between two naphthalenes in each cationic moiety of 1 and 2. The monomers of 3 were connected together through HgO bonds to form 1D chain. In the crystal packings of 1–3, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional supramolecular structures were formed through CH˙˙˙π contacts and CH˙˙˙F H bonds. Additionally, the recognition capacity of 1 for H2PO4− was studied via fluorescence spectra, UV/Vis spectra, HRMS, 1H NMR titrations, and infrared (IR) spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubilization of poorly water-soluble natural bioactive compounds remains a significant challenge. This study aims to design a ternary inclusion system to enhance the solubility of the poorly water-soluble compound Neohesperidin (NH). Soluble ternary cyclodextrin complexations (t-CDs) containing NH, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and meglumine (MEG) were prepared and optimized. The optimized t-CDs were further characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and molecular docking (MD) techniques. The results suggested that NH formed was associated with MEG through hydrogen bonds with MEG, and was subsequently incorporated into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD, which may be a key factor in improving its solubility. The solubility of NH in water at 37 °C increased significantly from 0.16 mg/mL to 5.81 mg/mL in the optimized t-CDs (NH/MEG/HP-β-CD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organelle-targeted imaging can provide information on cellular functions and intracellular interactions, being significant for disease diagnosis. The use of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in organelle-targeted imaging can fully utilize its unique characteristics of long wavelength and deep penetration. However, this technology has long been plagued by insufficient probe targeting and limited luminous intensity. In this work, we prepared a series of complexes composed of multicationic persulfurated arenes and biomacromolecules via electrostatic interactions in 1:1 stoichiometry for high-contrast mitochondrial-targeted RTP imaging. Such an electrostatic interaction design effectively prevented the self-aggregation of the probes, which is not conducive to mitochondrial targeting. Simultaneously, it suppressed the non-radiative decay to the maximum extent, enabling the probes to exhibit strong RTP signals both in aqueous solution and at the cellular level. Furthermore, the biomacromolecules can serve as carriers for an electrostatic interaction transfer of the persulfurated arenes to mitochondria. This leads to high mitochondrial targeting Pearson's correlation coefficients of the probes and high-contrast RTP imaging effects, as well as the independence of the co-incubated probe concentration. These results provide new insights for the development of targeted imaging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Healthcare for childbearing women with complex needs demands a multi‐disciplinary approach requiring transitions between care providers, paradigms, and models of care. These transitions may create disconnects between women and the maternity care “system.” Poorly managed care transitions can lead to women becoming hostage to the power struggles between healthcare organizations and the professionals working within them, further increasing the risk of poor outcomes. This paper presents the findings of a study that aimed to better understand how midwives provide woman‐centered care for women with complex needs in the real world of maternity services.A constructivist grounded theory approach, using Clarke's situational analysis to extend critical and feminist perspectives in data analysis. Qualitative data were obtained from two sources: publicly available data, and individual interviews with providers of care (midwives) and recipients of care (women with complex pregnancies).Woman‐centered care is defined as care in which the woman is seen, heard, and known. “The midwifery capabilities theory” describes the process whereby midwives create opportunities to develop women's capabilities. Capabilities are enabled through the midwifery relationship creating space, moments in time, and equalizing power and positionality.Aligning with contemporary theories surrounding the provision of midwifery care, the midwifery capabilities theory recognizes the individual health and social status of women and the rights to self‐determination. This centers care around each individual's needs, which, in addition to improving health and well‐being outcomes, contributes to improved self‐confidence, enhancing engagement through authentic professional relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Background Materials and Methods Results Conclusions We seek to describe the current practice pattern use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and fibrinogen concentrate (FC) in trauma patients.Trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC) and endotheliopathy of trauma (EOT) contribute significantly to mortality from traumatic haemorrhage. FC, and 4‐factor PCC are potential treatments for EOT and TIC, respectively.We obtained data from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) registry and identified patients who received either PCC or FC using procedural codes. We used descriptive statistics to characterise practice patterns of these products.There were 6 714 002 total encounters within the TQIP from 2017 to 2022, of which 10 589 received PCC and 3009 received FC. Of the recipients, there were 35 that received both products. There were 44 that received both. The median age of PCC recipients was 77 (69–84) with 19 patients <15 years of age with the youngest being 2 years of age. There was a general upward trend in the number of facilities with documented use of PCC: 155/744, 168/766, 189/764, 206/780, 234/795, and 235/816, respectively. The median age of FC recipients was 57 (32–75) with 48 patients <15 years of age with the youngest being 1 year of age. There was a minor downward trend in the number of facilities that had documented use of FC: 55, 44, 39, 32, 38 and 40.The administration of PCC and FC remains uncommon, although there appears to be an upward trend of PCC use. Most PCC use appeared to be for anticoagulation reversal in the setting of head trauma. Data guiding the use of these products are necessary as these products become more recognised as adjuncts to traumatic haemorrhage control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn─I2) battery is a promising energy storage system due to its inherent safety, high theoretical capacity, sustainability, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polyiodide severely affects the stable loading of active iodine and even accelerates the corrosion of the Zn anode, thus impeding its further advancement. Herein, a unique trimethylsulfonium cation (TMS+) with strong adsorption is proposed to stabilize both the iodine cathode and Zn anode. Benefiting from the robust interaction between TMS+ and polyiodide, the electrolyte can effectively immobilize large‐capacity iodine in the form of oily precipitate, thus avoiding the shuttle effect of polyiodide and the Zn corrosion. Additionally, TMS+ can be preferentially adsorbed on various Zn facets, inducing an electrostatic shielding effect to inhibit Zn dendrite growth. Consequently, Zn anode can be stably cycled over 3400 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2, and a large areal capacity of 2.71 mAh cm−2 as well as long‐life stability over 6400 cycles is achieved for Zn─I2 battery. Furthermore, cation adsorption engineering is practically utilized in pouch cells, realizing superior fast‐charging stability over 790 cycles. This electrolyte modification with dual stabilizations is anticipated to be applied to other metal‐iodine batteries as a cost‐effective, facile, and safe strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An engineered tetra‐amide macrocycle is presented, and its conformation and anion recognition properties are investigated. The tetra‐amide macrocycle 1, containing the m‐amino benzoic acid, 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylic acid and m‐xylenedinediamine adopts an envelope‐like conformation in solid‐state, where the m‐xylenedinediamine ring is perpendicular with the molecular plain. The tetra‐amide macrocycle 1 is able to bind anions such as halides, sulphate and phosphate in DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) solution. The stabilities of the fluoride (2.6×103 M−1) and chloride (5.6×102 M−1) complexes of 1 in DMSO is higher than that of bromide (66 M−1) and iodide (52 M−1). SO42− complexes of 1 in DMSO is more stable than the HSO4−, NO3− and H2PO4− complexes. Using this information, a quantitative evaluation of the stability of the 1 : 1 complex of 1, for which overall binding energy in the order −123.98 kcal/mol for SO42−was calculated. The strong binding affinity of the tetra‐amide macrocycle 1 toward the SO42− ion can be explained on the basis of non‐covalant interaction like ion−dipole interaction, hydrogen bonding interaction and size selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have resulted in evolving revision indications and intraoperative techniques, which can influence the exposure of trainees to complex cases. We report 3 decades of revision experience from a tertiary referral center that trains fellows, comparing the reasons for revision and the complexity of revisions over time. We retrospectively reviewed all revision THAs performed at our institution from 1990 to 2022. Revision diagnoses, components revised, types of revision implants used, and exposure techniques were collected. A "complex" revision was defined as a case that involved an extended trochanteric osteotomy, triflange and cup-cage construct, or acetabular augment. A total of 3,556 THA revisions were identified (108 revisions/year). Aseptic loosening was the most common indication in 1990 to 1999 (45 per year), but decreased to 28.3/year in 2010 to 2019. From 1990 to 1999 and 2010 to 2019, fracture increased from 3.1 to 7.3 per year, infection from 2.9/year to 16.9/year, and metallosis from 0.1 to 13.2 per year. Both component revision were common from 1990 to 1994 (42.6 per year), while polyethylene exchange was most common in 2010 to 2019 (43.3 per year). A decrease was observed in "complex" cases over time: 14.8 extended trochanteric osteotomies/year in 2000 to 2004 compared to 5.4 per year in 2018 to 2022, 4.5 triflange and cup-cage constructs/year in 2004 to 2007 compared to 0.8 per year in 2018 to 2022, and 4 acetabular augments per year in 2009 to 2012 compared to 1 per year in 2018 to 2022. Indications for revision have changed over the decades, while the number of "complex" revisions has gradually decreased, presumably due to advances in implants and materials. If this trend extends to other training institutions, the next generation of arthroplasty surgeons will have less exposure to complex revisions during their training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shadow maternal subjectivities manifest in complexes deadly for children, but are born of trauma and patriarchal oppression of mothers. If maternal subjectivity is the Self that is informed by the psychological and physical experiences of giving and nurturing the life of a child, and shadow is a Jungian concept that refers to the unconscious aspect of the personality that contains all the elements of ourselves that we deny, repress, or disown, shadow maternal subjectivity is the destructive life-taking energies of a mother. These shadow subjectivities at times come alive in complexes. Complexes, another concept developed by Carl Jung, are unconscious emotionally charged and organized sets of memories, fantasies, and behavior patterns constellated around a core element. Enough stress can manifest a shadow mother complex, when maternal shadow energies fuel a complex that overwhelms consciousness and causes mothers to act out in their relationships with her children. There are several ways shadow maternal complexes manifest, such as the vampire mother, the depressed/addicted mother, the puella aeterna mother, the Aphrodite mother, the Munchausen by proxy mother, and the devouring mother. This paper explores these complexes and how a patriarchal idealization of motherhood precludes mothers from admitting their own finitude or any negative maternal feelings. At times these repressed negative feelings, or shadow subjectivities, become destructive, sometimes fatally. What is required is a greater range of acceptance of maternal subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four novel lanthanide La (III), Ce (III), Nd (III), and Dy (III) complexes with (Z)‐4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylamino)‐3‐((benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylimino)methyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (L) were prepared and characterized. The novel compounds' structural compositions were elucidated by the application of analytical and spectroscopic methodologies. From physical and chemical measurements, the general formula for the [LnLCl3]2H2O complexes (C1‐C4) was proposed, which was proven by theoretical measurements. Using cisplatin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and ascorbic acid as standards, the compound's anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant qualities were assessed, and activities followed the order: Ce (III)L(C2) > Nd (III)L(C3) > Dy (III)L(C4) > La (III)L(C1) > L where the Ce (III) complexes exhibited the highest activity followed by Nd (III) complexes. Molecular docking studies were performed using the MOA2022 software to identify putative binding mechanisms for the methionine adenosyl‐transferases in liver cancer (PDB ID: 5A19) and the most active site of the Bacillus subtilis receptor (PDB ID: 5e6k), where the strength of the interaction increases with the negative binding energy L ˂ [LaLCl3] ˂ [DyLCl3] ˂ [NdLCl3] ˂ [CeLCl3]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of alkali-activated slag (AAS) face challenges such as poor workability, rapid setting, and high autogenous shrinkage, which require chemical admixtures (CAs) to adjust the performance of AAS. Unfortunately, there are limited specific CAs available to tune AAS properties. To address this gap, this study proposes using a ubiquitous, naturally occurring compound, L-ascorbic acid (LAA), as a multifunctional performanceenhancing additive for AAS to overcome the major challenges of AAS. The findings showed that LAA can function as a retarder, plasticizer, strength enhancer, and autogenous shrinkage reducer for AAS. When 0.5% LAA was added, the compressive strengths of AAS mortars at 3 and 28 days increased by 28.9% and 19.6%, respectively, and the 28-day autogenous shrinkage decreased by 43.1%. Both surface adsorption and ion complexation have been confirmed as the working mechanisms of LAA in hydrated AAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract New Schiff base ligand: 4-methoxy salicaldhyde-2-2-phenyl-hydrazono acetaldehíyde prepared by facile method. The molecular structures characterized by elemental analysis and proton magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR spectra). This spectra at the chemical shifts (3.5–10.39 ppm) confirmed the types and the numbers of protons. The sharp melting point at the range 110–112 °C confirmed purity. New optically active metal (samarium, terbium and gadolinium) complexes of the Schiff base synthesized in a one pot reaction. Vibrational IR spectra confirmed functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed that the modified microstructure of the metal complexes differed in morphology than the ligand. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed good crystalline structure. The optically activity of the solid metal complexes confirmed from electronic absorption spectra. The UV absorbance band at the wavelength range 280–390 nm and the intense phosphorescence bands up to 830 nm enabled application in photo dynamic therapy for apoptosis cancer cells by conversion triplet oxygen in the tissues into reactive singlet oxygen. Low charge transfer energy: 2.59–2.61 eV, high molar extinction coefficients (ε) at the order of magnitude $$\:{10}^{6}$$ M− 1 cm− 1 and the intense phosphorescence bands reflected good photodynamic activity. The metal complexes are thermally stable.

Abstract This article is devoted to the synthesis of a new magnetic palladium catalyst that has been immobilized on A-TT-Pd coated-magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Such surface functionalization of magnetic particles is a promising method to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis approaches. The structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties of the particles were characterized through different analytical techniques, including TEM, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TGA-DTG, ICP, and VSM techniques. The obtained Fe3O4@SiO2@A-TT-Pd performance can show excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of diaryl ethers and oxidation of sulfides, and the corresponding products were obtained with high yields. The advantages of this catalyst include a simple test method, green reaction conditions, no use of dangerous solvents, short reaction time, low catalyst loading, and reusability. Also, the nanocatalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture with the help of a bar magnet and recovered and reused several times without loss of stability and activity.

Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a major drug-metabolizing enzyme that shows extreme substrate promiscuity. Moreover, its large and malleable active site can simultaneously accommodate several substrate molecules of the same or different nature, which may lead to cooperative binding and allosteric behavior. Due to difficulty of crystallization of CYP3A4-substrate complexes, it remains unknown how multiple substrates can arrange in the active site. We determined crystal structures of CYP3A4 bound to three and six molecules of caffeine, a psychoactive alkaloid serving as a substrate and modulator of CYP3A4. In the ternary complex, one caffeine binds to the active site suitably for C8-hydroxylation, most preferable for CYP3A4. In the senary complex, three caffeine molecules stack parallel to the heme with the proximal ligand poised for 3-N-demethylation. However, the caffeine stack forms extensive hydrophobic interactions that could preclude product dissociation and multiple turnovers. In both complexes, caffeine is also bound in the substrate channel and on the outer surface known as a peripheral site. At all sites, aromatic stacking with the caffeine ring(s) is likely a dominant interaction, while direct and water-mediated polar contacts provide additional stabilization for the substrate-bound complexes. Protein-ligand interactions via the active site R212, intrachannel T224, and peripheral F219 were experimentally confirmed, and the latter two residues were identified as important for caffeine association. Collectively, the structural, spectral, and mutagenesis data provide valuable insights on the ligand binding mechanism and help better understand how purine-based pharmaceuticals and other aromatic compounds could interact with CYP3A4 and mediate drug-drug interactions.

Objectives The lateral supraorbital (LSO) approach is a less-invasive alternative to the pterional craniotomy that provides rapid transsylvian access. Establishing familiarity with the LSO technique and its features as compared with other anterolateral approaches is an important component of advanced skull base training. We present a step-by-step demonstration of the LSO approach using cadaveric dissection in a manner that is digestible for trainees at various levels. Design This is anatomic step-by-step dissection and representative case series. Setting This study was carried out in the cadaveric dissection laboratory. Participants A formalin-fixed, latex-injected cadaveric head specimen was dissected under microscopic magnification by a neurosurgery resident under faculty supervision. Following dissection, representative case applications were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Dissection and case illustration were the main outcome measures. Results A single-layer myocutaneous flap is developed, and a single-burr-hole technique is used, followed by extensive drilling of the sphenoid wing. The dura is opened in a C-shaped fashion centered on the Sylvian fissure, exposing the inferior frontal and superior temporal lobes. Labeled photographs of dissections with pertinent anatomical structures are presented. Three case examples illustrating the versatility of the LSO approach, including the resection of a large pituitary adenoma, an inferior frontal melanoma metastasis presenting to the Sylvian surface, and a frontoinsular low-grade glioma, are reviewed. Conclusion As compared with the pterional craniotomy, the LSO approach involves a shorter incision, smaller craniotomy, and faster exposure; it can be conveniently tailored to various indications. Understanding the step-by-step dissection and indications of the LSO approach is of paramount importance to neurosurgery trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Current local food environments encourage poor diets, posing a significant threat to public and planetary health. Acknowledging and addressing its inherent complexity is vital to making meaningful improvements to the food environment. Using a participatory approach with local stakeholders, this study aims to gain insight into the factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and to identify leverage points and system-based actions to foster healthy and sustainable local food environments. Methods A systems-thinking approach was used in a Dutch municipality in 2022. Two group model building (GMB) workshops were held with community stakeholders (e.g. local policymakers, retailers and residents). During the first workshop (June 2022), factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment were identified and visualized through a causal loop diagram (CLD). During the second workshop, leverage points and system-based actions to improve food environments were identified by the stakeholders. Four months after (October 2022), an action-implementation meeting was organized to stimulate the implementation of selected actions. Progress was monitored through brief telephone interviews 6 and 12 months after the second workshop. Results The CLD visualises the factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment from the point of view of the community stakeholders. The CLD consists of 46 factors shaping the local food environment, which were categorized into four identified subsystems: societal factors, individual, socio-economic factors, commercial factors and political factors. Eight leverage points were identified within the CLD, for example, ‘lobby from food industry’, ‘governmental food policies’ and ‘e-commerce and platform economy’. Stakeholders formulated 20 actions targeting the identified leverage points. During the action-implementation meeting, long-term plans were created for five actions. After 1 year, only one participant (policy advisory role) remained actively engaged in three of these actions. Conclusions This study yields insight into the numerous factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and identified system-based actions as perceived by local stakeholders to improve this food environment locally. The CLD offers stakeholders valuable insights on employing a systems approach when enhancing food environments. More research is necessary, especially into the long-term processes and effects of implementing system-oriented actions to improve local food environments.

Abstract Background 5% of patients account for the majority of healthcare spend, but standardized interventions for this complex population struggle to generate return on investment. The aim of this study is the development and proof of concept of an adaptive intervention to reduce cost and risk of readmission for medically high-risk individuals with any behavioral health diagnosis. Methods A behaviorally-oriented, personalized care service was delivered using a consultative, team-based approach including a physician, counselor, dietitian and social worker in collaboration with nurse care coordinators. Iterative re-conceptualizations informed tailored treatment approaches to prevent acute decompensation while retraining behaviors that impeded recovery. This service was offered to a small set of members of the employee health plan at University Hospitals Cleveland with an existing behavioral health disorder from November of 2020 to March of 2023. 26 members receiving the service were identified and matched with 26 controls using a risk algorithm. Members and controls were then classified as high utilizers (n = 14) or standard utilizers (n = 38) based on utilization claims data. Results Primary outcomes of this study included medical expenditures (delineated as planned and unplanned spend) and readmission risk scores. Compared to risk-matched controls, both planned and unplanned health care expenditures significantly decreased (p

Potentiometry and calorimetry are used to study Ce3+–glycine–ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and La3+–glycine–ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid systems in aqueous solutions at T = 298.15 K (KNO3). The formation of a mixed-ligand complex is revealed, and the thermodynamic characteristics (ΔrH, ΔrG, ΔrS) of the complexation reaction are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upstream frameshift 1 (UPF1) is an RNA helicase involved in a number of mRNA regulatory processes including nonsense-mediated decay. Mutations in the UPF1 locus that reduce its expression have been associated with adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas, a particularly aggressive form of the disease. To determine the effect of Upf1 suppression in a murine model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, we silenced with shRNA Upf1 in cells derived from an autochthonous tumor in an LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1Cre/+ mouse (KPC) and orthotopically implanted these cells in the pancreas of C57BL/6 mice. Tumors derived from Upf1-deficient cells were markedly larger than those derived from control cells, a difference observed only in immunocompetent mice. The immune infiltrate of Upf1-deficient tumors was enriched in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and depleted of CD8+ cells compared to control KPC tumors. Upf1-deficient KPC cells secreted inflammatory cytokines including G-CSF and CXCL2, known to recruit MDSCs. Cytokine secretion from Upf1-deficient KPC cells was induced by increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn were due to an increase in complex I activity in the electron transport chain. Thus, Upf1 helicase deficiency leads to increased mitochondrial complex I activity which produces ROS that signals for cytokine release that drives immune suppression and enhanced tumor growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current local food environments encourage poor diets, posing a significant threat to public and planetary health. Acknowledging and addressing its inherent complexity is vital to making meaningful improvements to the food environment. Using a participatory approach with local stakeholders, this study aims to gain insight into the factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and to identify leverage points and system-based actions to foster healthy and sustainable local food environments. Methods: A systems-thinking approach was used in a Dutch municipality in 2022. Two group model building (GMB) workshops were held with community stakeholders (e.g. local policymakers, retailers and residents). During the first workshop (June 2022), factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment were identified and visualized through a causal loop diagram (CLD). During the second workshop, leverage points and system-based actions to improve food environments were identified by the stakeholders. Four months after (October 2022), an action-implementation meeting was organized to stimulate the implementation of selected actions. Progress was monitored through brief telephone interviews 6 and 12 months after the second workshop. Results: The CLD visualises the factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment from the point of view of the community stakeholders. The CLD consists of 46 factors shaping the local food environment, which were categorized into four identified subsystems: societal factors, individual, socio-economic factors, commercial factors and political factors. Eight leverage points were identified within the CLD, for example, 'lobby from food industry', 'governmental food policies' and 'e-commerce and platform economy'. Stakeholders formulated 20 actions targeting the identified leverage points. During the action-implementation meeting, long-term plans were created for five actions. After 1 year, only one participant (policy advisory role) remained actively engaged in three of these actions. Conclusions: This study yields insight into the numerous factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and identified system-based actions as perceived by local stakeholders to improve this food environment locally. The CLD offers stakeholders valuable insights on employing a systems approach when enhancing food environments. More research is necessary, especially into the long-term processes and effects of implementing system-oriented actions to improve local food environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 5% of patients account for the majority of healthcare spend, but standardized interventions for this complex population struggle to generate return on investment. The aim of this study is the development and proof of concept of an adaptive intervention to reduce cost and risk of readmission for medically high-risk individuals with any behavioral health diagnosis. Methods: A behaviorally-oriented, personalized care service was delivered using a consultative, team-based approach including a physician, counselor, dietitian and social worker in collaboration with nurse care coordinators. Iterative re-conceptualizations informed tailored treatment approaches to prevent acute decompensation while retraining behaviors that impeded recovery. This service was offered to a small set of members of the employee health plan at University Hospitals Cleveland with an existing behavioral health disorder from November of 2020 to March of 2023. 26 members receiving the service were identified and matched with 26 controls using a risk algorithm. Members and controls were then classified as high utilizers (n = 14) or standard utilizers (n = 38) based on utilization claims data. Results: Primary outcomes of this study included medical expenditures (delineated as planned and unplanned spend) and readmission risk scores. Compared to risk-matched controls, both planned and unplanned health care expenditures significantly decreased (p <.05) for 7 high utilizers, and unplanned spend only significantly decreased for 19 standard utilizers (p <.05). Risk scores, which predict future spend, decreased significantly for standard utilizers (p <.05), but not for high utilizers. Discussion: The value of a behaviorally-oriented personalized care intervention for medically high-risk patients in a commercial insurance population was demonstrated through decreased spend for high utilizers and decreased risk for standard utilizers. Further expansion, refinement, evaluation and scaling are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zinc boron complex formation was studied as a function of temperature (25, 50 and 70 °C) in boric acid solutions of various concentration (0.25, 0.50 and 0.68 mol·kg−1). pH was monitored during zinc ion addition by galvanostatic dissolution of a zinc metal electrode, in a solution of boric acid. The determination of the complex formation showed the importance of an accurate model of the polyborate speciation, recalculated for this work based on the previous literature data mainly potentiometric measurements completed by Raman spectroscopy and Ab Initio calculations. Modelling of our experimental results, considering various scenarios of boric acid speciation, was performed using R and PhreeqC, suggesting the formation of an aqueous triborate-zinc (II) complex, ZnB 3 O 3 (OH) 4 (aq) + , according to the reaction: Zn 2 + + 3 B (OH) 3 ⇌ ZnB 3 O 3 (OH) 4 (aq) + + 2 H 2 O + H + . The nature and structure of this aqueous complex disagrees with the results reported previously in the literature. Three formation constants of the triborate-zinc (II) complex were determined at 25, 50 and 70 °C as log 10 K ZnB = − 4.73 ± 0.10, − 4.21 ± 0.16 and − 4.94 ± 0.12, respectively. The evolution of zinc boron complex formation as a function of temperature (between 25 and 70 °C) provides information on the effect of the polyborate predominance in the solution on the complexation of zinc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Jejunoileal Atresia exhibits a fluctuating survival rate, influenced by factors such as Low Birth Weight (LBW), Small Gestational Age (SGA), and sepsis. Our objective was to compare and identify prognostic factors between Simple and Complex Jejunoileal Atresia. Methods: This retrospective study involved the analysis of medical records from neonates with Jejunoileal atresia who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2017 to April 2021. Results: We found 25 neonates, 12 males and 13 females. We discovered 9 patients with LBW, 7 with SGA, and 15 with preoperative sepsis. In terms of type, 11 patients have a simple type and 14 have a complex type; from location, 13 patients have Jejunal atresia and 12 have Ileal atresia. overall survival rate is 40%. The survival rate for Complex type is 4 patients (28.6%), whereas survival for Simple type is 6 patients (54,5%), although not significant (p=0.241). Significant only found in a location that jejunal has a worse prognosis(p=0,008). Prognostic factors such as LBW (p=0.229) has 2 survival patients (22,2%), SGA (p=0.179) only has 1 survivor (14,3%), but 5 of 6 patients are in the complex type and all die, the survival for preoperative sepsis are 6 patients (40%) (p=1.000). The shortest median survival is LBW in 39 days, sepsis increases after surgery to 22 patients (88%) with 14 patients dying from sepsis. Conclusion: The notably low survival rate observed in our study aligns with identified prognostic factors, emphasizing the need for further exploration and in-depth investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Theabrownins (TBs) are one of most important quality components in dark tea, but have not been produced industrially. In this study, the aqueous extract was obtained from Pu‐erh ripe tea, one kind of dark tea. Caffeine, theaflavin, catechin and saponin were removed by trichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n‐butanol in turn to obtain a TB isolate. The TB isolate was subjected to column chromatography using a macroporous resin HPD‐750 and eluted with a gradient of 0–700 g kg−1 ethanol aqueous solution. Four fractions were obtained, and named as TBs‐FC1, TBs‐FC2, TBs‐FC3 and TBs‐FC4. RESULTS: These four fractions contained polysaccharides and no small molecules such as catechins, caffeine and theaflavins as well as average molecular weights of 123.000 kDa, 23.380 kDa, 89.870 kDa and 106.600 kDa. It was revealed that they were complexes of TBs and tea polysaccharide conjugates (TPCs). Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) and infrared (IR) spectra showed the properties of TBs and TPCs. Their zeta potentials ranged from −13.40 mV to −38.80 mV in aqueous solutions at pH 3.0–9.0. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that TBs do not exist in free state but in combined state in dark tea, which provide the theoretical basis for the industrialization of TBs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock glaciers are geomorphological features often used as a visible expression of mountain permafrost. These are creeping ice-debris with distinct ridge and furrow structures on the surface with a steep frontal slope. Rock glaciers, being the valuable past permafrost indicators, also have utmost hydrological significance in near future. Therefore, mapping of rock glaciers is an important step in order to understand permafrost regimes better. The Himalayas have large occurrences of these features and this study in Himachal Himalayas complied 789 rock glaciers, covering an area of about 336.2 km2. Different labels based on genesis, location, shape, form, surface relief and activity revealed rock glaciers were mainly derived from talus slopes (239) and exhibited tongue shape (377), primarily found in cirques (531). Most of them were classified as simple units (603) with well-developed surface relief (387), and they were found to be predominantly intact (760). The topographical parameters suggest majority of the rock glaciers are located between 4000 and 4800 m with mean elevation to be 4635 m. These rock glaciers are present at gentle to steep slope gradient (0 to 45°) with curvature ranging between −3.5 and 4.5, and majority showing convex curvature. The slope aspect conducive for formation of rock glaciers in Himachal is northerly (N, NW, NE). Principal geology for these rock glaciers belongs to slate, phyllite, quartzarenite, limestone and meta basics. The climatic parameters and indices also affect the rock glaciers occurrence significantly. The mean land surface temperature (LST) for majority rock glaciers lies between 0 and −15°C. While, the mean NDSI of all the rock glaciers varies from 0.04 to 0.68 and mean NDVI varies from −0.06 to 0.08. Overall, the inventory along with labels is a valuable database for understanding the distribution and characteristics of rock glaciers in the Himachal Himalayas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complicated appendicitis is associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications, including adhesive bowel obstruction. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the difference in rates of postoperative bowel obstruction in paediatric patients with complicated versus simple appendicitis and whether this is influenced by the surgical approach. A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for studies that analysed incidence of adhesive bowel obstruction in paediatric patients after appendicectomy. Studies from 1998 to 2022 were included in analysis. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID CRD42022309769). Pooled analysis of 6 studies with low risk of bias and adequate follow up periods, considering 58,962 cases of appendicectomy, revealed complex appendicitis was associated with a near two-fold increase in incidence of SBO (pooled odds ratio 2.02 (95% CI 1.35–2.69)). Interestingly, a similar pooled analysis of 10 studies, considering 62,433 cases of appendicectomy, revealed no significant difference between open and laparoscopic management of complex appendicitis (pooled odds ratio 0.93 (95% CI 0.24 to 1.62)). Complex appendicitis is associated with a two-fold increase in the rates of adhesive bowel obstruction. Whilst there are cosmetic advantages of a laparoscopic approach, surgical expertise should be favoured in decision making relating to surgical approach (laparoscopic versus open) as the evidence for a laparoscopic approach reducing risks of adhesive bowel obstruction is not convincing. Level II. • What is currently known about this topic? Complex appendicitis is associated with increased risk of adhesive bowel obstruction and LA is preferred to OA to reduce rates of adhesive bowel obstruction. • What new information is contained in this article? Combined synthesis of more recent literature and evaluation for study bias reveals surgical approach does not appear to increase risk of adhesive bowel obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in many plant fruits and are excellent natural pigments with strong biological activities.However, anthocyanins are easily influenced by environmental and processing factors, leading to poor storage and processing stability.Therefore, in-depth research on the processing stability of anthocyanins and expanding their application areas has become a hot topic of concern both domestically and internationally.This article elaborated on the composition and structure of anthocyanins, investigated their stability in food, and provided a comprehensive review of domestic and international research progress on improving their stability.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of anthocyanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new polyimine polymer (PL) containing sulphone functional groups was prepared from polycondensation of Schiff base (L) with terephthaloyl chloride at a very moderate condition. The polymer metal complexes were then synthesized from the reaction of polymer with metal salts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and CHNS elemental analysis have been used to characterize all the synthesized materials. The excellent thermal stability of PL was specified by TGA. The optical features were assessed with the UV‐visible technique. The polymer complexes represent absorbance at the same wavelength as L and PL. The synthesized polymer metal complexes have a band gap varying from 3.19 (CuPL) to 2.77 (CdPL) eV. The inherent viscosities for the synthesized polymer is 0.4490 dL/g in DMF at 25 °C, indicating their moderate molecular weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low molecular weight organic acids often influence the surface reactions (adsorption/ precipitation) of minerals, which in turn affect the stability of elemental transport in environmental geochemical processes. The effect of malic acid on calcite-fluorine adsorption/ precipitation reactions was investigated. The results show that at the initial pH of 7.7 and lower F concentrations (5 mg·L-1¯), as the concentration of malic acid increases, its surface adsorption capacity becomes stronger and exhibits the inhibitory effects on F removal; at the F concentrations of 25 or 60 mg·L-1, the dominant mechanism of F removal is CaF2 precipitation; the intervention of malic acid shows little inhibition of the CaF, precipitation reaction; the stronger adsorption reaction of malic acid results in an increase of pH and a decrease in Ca concentration. At the initial pH of 8. 3 and low F concentration (<20 mg·L-1), malic acid still inhibits F removal through its competitive adsorption; as the concentration of malic acid increases, its effect of complexation with Cat results in a constant increase in pH and Ca concentration; at the medium F concentration of 60 mg·L-1, the dominant mechanism of F removal has been shifted to CaF2 precipitation; 20 mg·L-1 malic acid has inhibited it, and as the malic acid continues to increase, the pH value decreases and then increases, and the Ca concentration continues to increase, highlighting the effect of the malic acid complexation reaction; At high F concentration of 100 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1 malic acid greatly inhibits the CaF2 precipitation reaction, corresponding to a pH value that do not exceed that of the malic acid- free condition; the corresponding Ca concentration is still lower than its blank background value. implying the dominance of the CaF2 precipitation reaction. At the initial pH of 8.7, malic acid has a weak inhibition to F removal at low F concentration (5 mg·L-1); however, as the concentration of malic acid increases, the effect of its complexation reaction becomes much clearer, which results in a significant increase in both pH and Ca concentration; at high F concentration of 240 mg·L-1, the dominant mechanism for F removal is the CaF2 precipitation reaction, which is inhibited with increasing malic acid concentration, with increasing Ca concentration showing the effect of malic acid complexation, and decreasing pH values indicating the dominance of the CaF2 precipitation reaction. This study is important for the stability assessment of calcite minerals in organic acid-rich environments, and also provides a reference for the study of fluorine transport transformation on other minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous modification of proteins and other targets, such as nucleic acids, that regulates various cellular functions in all kingdoms of life. Furthermore, these ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) modify a variety of substrates and atoms. It has been almost 60 years since ADP-ribosylation was discovered. Various ART structures have been revealed with cofactors (NAD+ or NAD+ analog). However, we still do not know the molecular mechanisms of ART. It needs to be better understood how ART specifies the target amino acids or bases. For this purpose, more information is needed about the tripartite complex structures of ART, the cofactors, and the substrates. The tripartite complex is essential to understand the mechanism of ADP-ribosyltransferase. This review updates the general ADP-ribosylation mechanism based on ART tripartite complex structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An INCOSE‐wide initiative has exposed at least 600 heuristics. Previous work indicates that rationalizing and simplifying this set to make it useful and memorable is difficult, if not intractable. Difficulty Assessment Tools (DATs) have been used for years to characterize the difficulty of a problem and provide tailored advice. This paper explores using a DAT to characterize the problem, and using the outputs to provide heuristic and other forms of advice. To test this approach, 50 heuristics and 10 principles were scored and embedded into an online DAT. An experiment was conducted to determine whether the DAT discussion, recommended approach, and heuristic/principles advice were useful. All teams considered the discussion very useful. As might be expected, the results indicated that the heuristic usefulness was a function of the teams' experience and familiarity with the task. The tool prioritization of suitable heuristics met developers' expectations, but was undetected by the users. This maybe because the heuristics were a hand‐picked set of 50 Heuristics from a set of 600+, meaning all were highly useful. Further work is proposed to check this assessment. The DAT usefulness results indicate that Systems Engineers should use the DAT to inform their approach throughout the lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The INCOSE Complex Systems Working Group Heuristics Team has selected 67 Principles and Heuristics that are considered to be particularly relevant to Complex Systems. These have been incorporated into a Difficulty Assessment Tool that prioritizes the list of Principles and Heuristics based on scoring of a matrix of four Difficulty Elements and six System Elements (to characterize the nature of the complexity). The purpose of this paper is to describe an initial assessment of the effectiveness and usefulness of the Difficulty Assessment Tool. The Tool has been used to assess eight Case Studies by five assessment teams — one with three people working together, one with two people and the remaining three with individual assessments. The results of these assessments have been compared using four different correlation methods, using the total weighted Heuristic score, the maximum weighted Heuristic score, a Match / Mismatch analysis of the top fifteen and bottom seven Heuristics, and a difference ranking between pairs of assessors of all 67 Principles and Heuristics. The last two assessment methods are shown to be more insightful. The assessment teams then reviewed the relevance of the highest and lowest‐ranked Principles and Heuristics to the full Case Study definitions (Problem and Outcome). There is good agreement of relevance for the highest‐ranking Principles and Heuristics, less so for the lowest‐ranking ones. Based on this initial assessment, the DAT shows promise to help people develop complex systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for further assessment of the Difficulty Assessment Tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: This study was to prepare solid dispersions of lidocaine (Lid) with 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SSA) by freeze-drying (freeze-dried [FD] Lid/SSA = 1/1) and to evaluate their physical properties. Methods: Here, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and solubility of solid dispersions of Lid and SSA prepared by freeze-drying (freeze-dried [FD] Lid/SSA = 1/1). Results: Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that after freeze-drying, the endothermic peak due to Lid melting, the dehydration peak, and the endothermic peak due to SSA melting disappeared. Powder X-ray diffraction results showed that the characteristic Lid and SSA peaks disappeared after freeze-drying, indicating a halo pattern. The near-infrared spectroscopy results suggested that Lid-derived –NH and –CH groups and the Lid-derived –OH and –CH groups from the SSA peak shifted and broadened after freeze-drying, suggesting their involvement in complex formation through Lid/SSA intermolecular interactions. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements showed a cross-peak due to the interaction between the Lid-derived –CH group and the SSA-derived –OH group, suggesting hydrogen bonding. Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR measurements showed that the diffusion coefficients of Lid and SSA aggregated in FD Lid/SSA, suggesting a change in Lid dispersibility in the solvent owing to the formation of a complex with SSA. The solubility of FD Lid/SSA was approximately 88 mg/mL (∼20-fold higher than that of Lid). Conclusions: These findings suggest that complex formation occurred in FD Lid/SSA; this enhanced the solubility of this dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel hydrosoluble silver coordination polymer [Ag(NO3)(μ-1κN;2κN′,N″-TPMOH)]n (1) (TPMOH = tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol) was obtained and characterized. While single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 1 disclosed an infinite 1D helical chain structure in the solid state, NMR analysis in polar solvents confirmed the mononuclear nature of compound 1 in solution. Compound 1 and the analogue [Ag(μ-1κN;2κN′,N″-TPMS)]n (2) (TPMS = tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane sulfonate) were evaluated with regard to their antimicrobial activities towards the Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia contaminans, the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal species Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Compound 1 exhibited minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 2 to 7.7 µg/mL towards the tested Gram-negative bacteria, 18 µg/mL towards the Gram-positive S. aureus, and 15 and 31 µg/mL towards C. albicans and C. glabrata, respectively. Compound 2 was less effective towards the tested bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 15 to 19.6 µg/mL towards the Gram-negative bacteria and 51 µg/mL towards S. aureus; however, it was more effective against C. albicans and C. glabrata, with MIC values of about 6 µg/mL towards these fungal species. The toxicity of compounds 1 and 2 was assessed by evaluating the survival of the Caenorhabditis elegans model organism to concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. The value of 50% lethality (LD50) could only be estimated as 73.2 µg/mL for compound 1 at 72 h, otherwise LD50 was >100 µg/mL for both compounds 1 and 2. These results indicate compounds 1 and 2 as novel silver complexes with interesting antimicrobial properties towards bacterial and fungal pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new iron(III) complex (Et3NH)2[Fe(L)2](ClO4)·MeOH (1) where H2L = 2-{(E)-[2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol has been synthesised and characterised by single crystal XRD, elemental analysis and DC magnetic susceptibility measurements. The dianionic ligands L2− coordinate in a tridentate fashion with the Fe(III) through their deprotonated phenolic oxygens and azomethine nitrogen atoms, resulting in a trans-FeO4N2 chromophore. Variable-temperature magnetic measurements were performed between 300 and 5 K under an applied field of 0.1 T and show that 1 is in the high spin state (S = 5/2) over the whole measured temperature range. This is confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy at 77 and 300 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNC-51-like kinase 1( ULK1) is an important factor involved in regulating the initiation of autophagy. ULK1 regulates inflammatory cytokines through autophagy and mitochondrial oxidative stress, and is involved in the pathological processes of various diseases. ULK1 and its complexes are regulated by rapamycin( mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase( AMPK) to initiate autophagy, thereby exerting differential effects on a variety of inflammatory diseases. In inflammatory diseases, mitochondrial oxidative stress can induce ULK1 into the nucleus to accelerate apoptosis. Therefore, ULK1 plays different important roles in inflammatory diseases. For example, ULK1 initiates airway epithelial mitochondrial autophagy in asthma, participates in mitochondrial oxidative stress in acute liver failure, affects related inflammatory factors in atherosclerosis, and modulates beneficial effects of autophagy in diabetes. This article reviews the biological function of ULK1, its impact on inflammatory diseases and the research progress of targeted drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The complexity of patients with mental healthcare needs cared for by clinical pharmacists is not well delineated. We evaluated the complexity of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Veterans Affairs (VA) cared for by mental health clinical pharmacist practitioners (MH CPPs). Methods Patients at 42 VA sites with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or MDD in 2016 through 2019 were classified by MH CPP visits into those with 2 or more visits ("ongoing MH CPP care"), those with 1 visit ("consultative MH CPP care"), and those with no visits ("no MH CPP care"). Patient complexity for each condition was defined by medication regimen and service utilization. Results For schizophrenia, more patients in ongoing MH CPP care were complex than those with no MH CPP care, based on all measures examined: the number of primary medications (15.3% vs 8.1%), inpatient (13.7% vs 9.1%) and outpatient (42.6% vs 29.7%) utilization, and receipt of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (36.7% vs 25.8%) and clozapine (20.5% vs 9.5%). For bipolar disorder, more patients receiving ongoing or consultative MH CPP care were complex than those with no MH CPP care based on the number of primary medications (27.9% vs 30.5% vs 17.7%) and overlapping mood stabilizers (10.1% vs 11.6% vs 6.2%). For MDD, more patients receiving ongoing or consultative MH CPP care were complex based on the number of primary medications (36.8% vs 35.5% vs 29.2%) and augmentation of antidepressants (56.1% vs 54.4% vs 47.0%) than patients without MH CPP care. All comparisons were significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion MH CPPs provide care for complex patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and MDD in VA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baicalin and berberine are biologically active constituents of the crude drugs Scutellaria root and Coptis rhizome/Phellodendron bark, respectively. Baicalin and berberine are reported to combine together as a 1:1 complex that forms yellow precipitates by electrostatic interaction in decoctions of Kampo formulae containing these crude drugs. However, the structural basis and mechanism for the precipitate formation of this compound–compound interaction in aqueous solution remains unclarified. Herein, we searched for berberine derivatives in the Coptis rhizome that interact with baicalin and identified the chemical structures involved in the precipitation formation. Precipitation assays showed that baicalin formed precipitates with berberine and coptisine but not with palmatine and epiberberine. Thus, the 2,3-methylenedioxy structure may be crucial to the formation of the precipitates, and electrostatic interaction is necessary but is not sufficient. In this multicomponent system experiment, palmatine formed a dissociable complex with baicalin and may competitively inhibit the formation of berberine and coptisine precipitation with baicalin. Therefore, the precipitation formed by berberine and baicalin was considered to be caused by the aggregation of the berberine–baicalin complex, and the 2,3-methylenedioxy structure is likely crucial to the aggregation of the complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, A novel novel cadmium (II) co-crystal binary coordination compound with 3-FBINH ligand and nitrate anionic ligand were synthesized and characterized. The structure of co-crystal (3-FBINH is the abbreviation of 3-flouro benzylidene iso nicotine hydrazide) ([Cd (3-FBINH)2 (NO3)2 (H2O)] [Cd (3-FBINH)2 (NO3) (C2H6O) (H2O)].NO3 (1) was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The X-ray structure revealed that the compound has two Cd (II) metal centers with 7 and 6 coordination numbers. The adjacent frameworks connected by labile interactions like strong hydrogen -bonding interactions, CH ...π interactions CH ...CH interactions that the self-assembly occurs in the structure. Consequently, the labile interactions also allow the structure to form a 3D supramolecular coordination system. Cd O nanoparticles were obtained by thermolysis of 1 at 550 °C. The morphology and size of the prepared Cd O nanoparticles were further studied using SEM and XRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With potato starch (PS) and corn starch (CS) as the controls, the structure and physicochemical properties of grain amaranth starch (GAS) and its binding with dihydromyricetin were investigated in this study. The results indicated that GAS granules were small in size (3.21 ± 0.13 μm) and had a low amylose content (11.57 ± 0.91%). GAS exhibited low paste clarity, solubility, and swelling power, but demonstrated good freeze-thaw stability and resistance to retrogradation. Although the pasting temperature of GAS was high (75.88 ± 0.03 °C), its peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity were significantly lower than those of PS and CS. GAS was classified as A-type starch, with a high molecular weight and broad distribution (Mw, 3.96 × 107 g/mol; PDI, 2.67). For its chain length distribution, chain B1 had the highest proportion (50.09%), while chain B3 had the lowest proportion (13.50%). The complexation of GAS with dihydromyricetin effectively enhanced its ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging capacities.