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Computer-assisted disease diagnosis is cost-effective and time-saving, increasing accuracy and reducing the need for an additional workforce in medical decision-making. In our prior research, we trained, tested, and compared the accuracies of nine optimizable classification models to diagnose and predict eight anaemia types from Complete Blood Count (CBC) data. This study aimed to improve these classification models by oversampling the original imbalanced dataset with four algorithms related to the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). The results showed that the validation accuracy increased from 99.22% (Ensemble model) to 99.57% (Tree model), and most importantly, the False Discovery Rate (FDR) for the anaemia type with the highest FDR decreased from 23.1% to 1.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inherited disorders of hemoglobin (hemoglobinopathies) are the most common genetic disorders in the world with 7% prevalence. Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies in India. Screening and diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies require a comprehensive evaluation combining clinical and family history, blood counts, red blood cell indices, and molecular analysis. Aims and Objective: (1) To differentiate the type of hemoglobinopathies on the basis of red cell parameters, (2) to assess the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies, and (3) to study the age at diagnosis and genderwise distribution of various hemoglobinopathies. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study over a period of 1 year (August 2020 to July 2021) at a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat. All indoor patients’ samples were sent for complete blood count (CBC), peripheral smear examination, reticulocyte count, sickling test, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Result: A total of 140 subjects were included in the final analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 24.7 ± 10.5 years; 48 participants were male, and the remaining 92 were female with an M:F ratio of 0.5:1. The most common hemoglobinopathy in this study was sickle cell trait (40 cases, 28.6%). Conclusion: To reduce the burden of various hemoglobinopathies, screening is recommended as a part of antenatal checkup and in infants after 6 months of age in high-prevalence districts for particular hemoglobinopathies via CBC including RBC indices and HPLC.

Abstract Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents distinct diagnostic challenges due to its wide range of clinical manifestations and the overlapping symptoms with other common respiratory diseases. This study focuses on addressing these difficulties by employing machine learning (ML) methodologies, particularly the XGBoost algorithm, to utilize Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters for predictive analysis. Methods We performed a retrospective study involving 2114 COVID-19 patients treated between December 2022 and January 2023 at our healthcare facility. These patients were classified into fever (1057 patients) and pneumonia groups (1057 patients), based on their clinical symptoms. The CBC data were utilized to create predictive models, with model performance evaluated through metrics like Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. We selected the top 10 predictive variables based on their significance in disease prediction. The data were then split into a training set (70% of patients) and a validation set (30% of patients) for model validation. Results We identified 31 indicators with significant disparities. The XGBoost model outperformed others, with an AUC of 0.920 and high precision, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The top 10 features (Age, Monocyte%, Mean Platelet Volume, Lymphocyte%, SIRI, Eosinophil count, Platelet count, Hemoglobin, Platelet Distribution Width, and Neutrophil count.) were crucial in constructing a more precise predictive model. The model demonstrated strong performance on both training (AUC = 0.977) and validation (AUC = 0.912) datasets, validated by decision curve analysis and calibration curve. Conclusion ML models that incorporate CBC parameters offer an innovative and effective tool for data analysis in COVID-19. They potentially enhance diagnostic accuracy and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the mortality rate of this infectious disease.

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents distinct diagnostic challenges due to its wide range of clinical manifestations and the overlapping symptoms with other common respiratory diseases. This study focuses on addressing these difficulties by employing machine learning (ML) methodologies, particularly the XGBoost algorithm, to utilize Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters for predictive analysis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study involving 2114 COVID-19 patients treated between December 2022 and January 2023 at our healthcare facility. These patients were classified into fever (1057 patients) and pneumonia groups (1057 patients), based on their clinical symptoms. The CBC data were utilized to create predictive models, with model performance evaluated through metrics like Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. We selected the top 10 predictive variables based on their significance in disease prediction. The data were then split into a training set (70% of patients) and a validation set (30% of patients) for model validation. Results: We identified 31 indicators with significant disparities. The XGBoost model outperformed others, with an AUC of 0.920 and high precision, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The top 10 features (Age, Monocyte%, Mean Platelet Volume, Lymphocyte%, SIRI, Eosinophil count, Platelet count, Hemoglobin, Platelet Distribution Width, and Neutrophil count.) were crucial in constructing a more precise predictive model. The model demonstrated strong performance on both training (AUC = 0.977) and validation (AUC = 0.912) datasets, validated by decision curve analysis and calibration curve. Conclusion: ML models that incorporate CBC parameters offer an innovative and effective tool for data analysis in COVID-19. They potentially enhance diagnostic accuracy and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the mortality rate of this infectious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Limited research has focused on the clinical features of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in pediatric patients. This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical features and the baseline hearing severity and outcomes of SSNHL in the pediatric population. Method: We conducted a bi-center retrospective observational study in 145 SSNHL patients aged no more than 18 years who were recruited between November 2013 and October 2022. Data extracted from medical records, audiograms, complete blood count (CBC) and coagulation tests have been assessed for the relationship with the severity (the thresholds of the initial hearing) and outcomes (recovery rate, hearing gain and the thresholds of the final hearing). Results: A lower lymphocyte count (P = 0.004) and a higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (P = 0.041) were found in the patient group with profound initial hearing than in the less severe group. Vertigo (β = 13.932, 95%CI: 4.082-23.782, P = 0.007) and lymphocyte count (β = -6.686, 95%CI: -10.919 to -2.454, P = 0.003) showed significant associations with the threshold of the initial hearing. In the multivariate logistic model, the probability of recovery was higher for patients with ascending and flat audiograms compared to those with descending audiograms (ascending: OR 8.168, 95% CI 1.450-70.143, P = 0.029; flat: OR 3.966, 95% CI 1.341-12.651, P = 0.015). Patients with tinnitus had a 3.2-fold increase in the probability of recovery (OR 3.222, 95% CI 1.241-8.907, P = 0.019), while the baseline hearing threshold (OR 0.968, 95% CI 0.936-0.998, P =0.047) and duration to the onset of therapy (OR 0.942, 95% CI 0.890-0.977, P = 0.010) were negatively associated with the odds of recovery. Conclusions: The present study showed that accompanying tinnitus, the severity of initial hearing loss, the time elapse and the audiogram configuration might be related to the prognosis of pediatric SSNHL. Meanwhile, the presence of vertigo, lower lymphocytes and higher PLR were associated with worse severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DPPH is one of the most widely used tests with scavenged-free radical effect, in which the color turns to yellow when tested onto a free stable dark-purple tulip, where natural antioxidants are returned by an electron and a proton. The optical, structural properties of Al2O NPs prepared by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) Nd: YAG laser method at various energies (500,800,1000 mJ) were studied using color absorbance, UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the average particle size is less than 41 nm. Spectroscopic analyses were used to study the antioxidant activity of Al2O3 nanoparticles by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The DPPH displacement was shown to be directly proportional to the high energies according to the results. The increased energy of (500, 800 and 1000 mJ) for free radicals are at (64.53 ± 5.487)%, (74.00 ± 2.887)% and (84.67 ± 4.372)% respectively, as compared to ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the toxicity of these nanoparticles on human blood parameters was studied using the complete blood count (CBC) (in vitro) by hematological parameters (PLT), (HGB-Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells, and are compared to control groups. Our results demonstrate no significant changes in levels of (PLT), (HGB-Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells between test and control groups. This data suggests that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have no harmful effect on hematological parameters (in vitro). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is the first report of capillary blood reference intervals in infants in Henan, China. • The hematological markers of infants are complex and require partitions. • Hematological parameters were higher in infants than in preschoolers and adults. • Sex differences in red blood cell-related parameters among infants aged 0–2 years. The reference intervals (RIs) of laboratory tests are essential for disease diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and health assessment. They are also significant for clinicians to discriminate between subjects with disease and healthy subjects. However, RIs for complete blood count (CBC) parameters in capillary blood for children are deficient. This study aimed to establish capillary blood RIs for blood cell parameters in neonates and infants from birth to 2 years of age in Zhengzhou. We prospectively collected a total of 1840 capillary blood specimens from healthy subjects from birth to 2 years of age. Hematology RIs were established by analyzing capillary blood sample data, and RIs and 90 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) C28-A3 guidelines. RIs were established for hematological parameters of capillary blood in neonates and infants from birth to 2 years of age. The levels of almost all hematological parameters, except for the lymphocyte (LYMPH), platelet (PLT), and thrombocytocrit (PCT) parameters, peaked in the first month after birth and then decreased to lower levels within 6 months. There were significant sex differences in most erythrocyte-related parameters, with higher levels in males than in females. Erythrocyte-related parameters showed an increasing tendency with increasing age after the second month. Neutrophil (NEUT) levels were high on the third day of life, declined to a nadir in the first month, and then slowly increased with age. LYMPH levels were low at birth and began to increase after birth, peaked at approximately-six months of age and then gradually declined with age. PLT and PCT levels showed an increasing trend during the first month, while the other parameters showed a decreasing trend. All platelet-related and leukocyte-related parameters showed no significant difference with sex. We provide comprehensive age- and sex-specific RIs, including RIs for neonates in Henan. Our study provides more comprehensive reference ranges for Child Health Hospital and children's medical institutions, which may facilitate preliminary screening, diagnosis, and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity, an extremely important factor in feline clinical practice, is estimated to affect up to one third of the feline population. Moreover, it can trigger chronic inflammation, which could predispose to oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, thereby generating potentially irreversible cellular damage. This study analyzed hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profiles at various degrees of feline obesity. Forty-five cats were selected and divided into three groups: control (n = 17), overweight (n = 13) and obese (n = 15), after clinical and laboratory evaluation and body condition score. Biochemical and oxidative stress analyses were performed using a photocolorimeter and hematological analyses were performed in a veterinary cell counter. Obese cats showed increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) than control cats, although within the reference ranges for the species. As for oxidative stress, obese cats showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by the inhibition of 2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS), inhibition of ABTS associated with horseradish peroxidase (ABTS + HRP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while overweight cats had a higher TAC-ABTS + HRP and TAC-FRAP than control cats. We conclude that the conditions of natural obesity and overweight in the feline species alter its hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with Autoimmune Diseases (AD) are at increased risk of complications, which adversely affect the quality of life and prognosis. Recently, a large amount of literature suggested reduced oxidative stress by hydrogen supplements in reducing inflammation and improving prognosis. In this study, clinical trial NCT05196295, we randomly assigned different dosages (low, medium, and high) of hydrogen-rich coral calcium (HRCC) to patients with autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients in Ming-Sheng Hospital in Taiwan (age 54 years, 80% females). Participants were measured with their baseline health biomarkers including inflammatory indicators, haematologic, urinary biomarkers, and health status prior to the trial. Clinical and follow-up assessments were collected after 1 month of the treatment. We performed analyses to compare the baseline with the changes after the HRCC treatment. Together with the groups treated with different dosages, the treatment demonstrated no adverse effects on participants' responses to the HRCC. While the primary endpoint of the trial was met, the potential therapeutic effects of HRCC are addressed for future studies. This clinical trial of HRCC in safety response is the first-in-human study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The development and state of innate immune cell function during the first 90 days of life in dairy calves have not been fully described. Objective: This transversal study attempted to examine the changes that occur in circulating blood cells and the innate immune response in healthy calves from birth to 89 days of age. Methods: Healthy Holstein calves represent three windows of development, G1 from 1 to 7 days old (n = 26), G2 from 30 to 40 days old (n = 28), and G3 from 60 to 89 days old (n = 36) were sampled once each from a single herd. A few biomarkers of the general health and innate and inflammatory immune responses were measured. Results: The youngest calves had the lowest red blood cell (RBC) counts, cell hemoglobin concentration means (CHCMs), red cell distribution widths (RDWs), and cell hemoglobin contents of mature red blood cells (CHm) compared with the other groups. They also had the lowest iron concentrations and highest intracellular myeloperoxidase indices. However, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte concentrations gradually increased from G1 to G3. G2 calves had the lowest serum protein concentrations and highest number of innate immune cells compared with the other groups. Calves were able to mount phagocytic and ROS responses from birth. Conclusions: The physiologic responses of circulating blood cells and innate immune responses in dairy calves are shown according to age. Neonates had limitations in several RBC and WBC indices and immunologic responses that would likely impact overall vigor and health. Fortunately, these limitations resolve by 90 days of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of serious bacterial infections (SBI) in febrile infants under three months is high. Complete blood count parameters, an easily accessible and low-cost test, may have diagnostic potential for SBI., Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-mean platelet volume ratio (PLT/MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in distinguishing febrile infants under three months with SBI., Methods: A random sample of an eight-year registry-based retrospective cohort study included infants aged under three months who were hospitalized with fever. Patients were divided into those with and without SBI. Complete blood count parameters and CRP levels at admission, 24-48 hours, and discharge were compared between the groups., Results: In total, 224 infants were included. At admission, infants with SBI (n=112) had higher median values (p=0.001) of CRP, ANC, and PLR and lower LMR (p=0.001) than those with negative cultures. CRP at admission was the best diagnostic marker for SBI (AUC: 0.857, 95% CI: 0.808-0.907), followed by ANC (AUC: 0.825, 95% CI: 0.772-0.879), NLR (AUC: 0.797, 95% CI: 0.738-0.855), and LMR (AUC: 0.642, 95% CI: 0.570-0.714). The combination of CRP with ANC, NLR, and LMR was found to be superior to any of the single markers (AUC: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.95). The combination of ANC and NLR proved to be a better discriminator compared to each parameter individually (AUC: 0.842, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.90). At 24-48 hours, CRP continued to perform better, followed by ANC and NLR. At discharge, infants with SBI had higher PLT/MPV compared to those with negative cultures (p=0.009), but no significant differences in other parameters were observed., Conclusions: The strongest predictor of SBI in febrile infants aged under three months was CRP, while ANC, NLR, and LMR also showed diagnostic potential. The combination of these parameters demonstrates the highest diagnostic value overall., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Ethical Committee of the First Department of Pediatrics of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens issued approval 1025/18.01.2022. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mikelatou et al.)

The current gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, the rRT-PCR test, is hampered by long turnaround times, probable reagent shortages, high false-negative rates and high prices. As a result, machine learning (ML) methods have recently piqued interest, particularly when applied to digital imagery (X-rays and CT scans). In this review, the literature on ML-based diagnostic and prognostic studies grounded on hematochemical parameters has been considered. By doing so, a gap in the current literature was addressed concerning the application of machine learning to laboratory medicine. Sixty-eight articles have been included that were extracted from the Scopus and PubMed indexes. These studies were marked by a great deal of heterogeneity in terms of the examined laboratory test and clinical parameters, sample size, reference populations, ML algorithms, and validation approaches. The majority of research was found to be hampered by reporting and replicability issues: only four of the surveyed studies provided complete information on analytic procedures (units of measure, analyzing equipment), while 29 provided no information at all. Only 16 studies included independent external validation. In light of these findings, we discuss the importance of closer collaboration between data scientists and medical laboratory professionals in order to correctly characterise the relevant population, select the most appropriate statistical and analytical methods, ensure reproducibility, enable the proper interpretation of the results, and gain actual utility by using machine learning methods in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most common blood tests requested by clinicians and evaluates the total numbers and characteristics of cell components in the blood. Recently, many investigations have suggested that the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), arteriosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome can be predicted using CBC components. This review introduces that white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are useful markers to predict CVD and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we would like to support various uses of CBC by organizing pathophysiology that can explain the relationship between CBC components and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionHematological parameters are critical in disease diagnosis, management, and monitoring; however, complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals vary across populations. The aim of the current study was to provide the reference ranges of hematological parameters/indices in the healthy adult Saudi population.MethodsA multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of employees who were screened pre-employment from January 2015 to December 2019, at tertiary care hospitals in three regions. Demographic and CBC data were extracted from the electronic health system. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were used to determine the reference intervals.ResultsOf a total of 1,388 participants, 53.82% were male. The majority 96% was less than 40 years old, and 85% were from the Central region. Gender-related differences were observed for the RBC count, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and the platelet count. Age-related differences were observed for the RBC, Hb, HCT, and eosinophils. The WBC parameters did not differ by gender or age categories. Region-related differences were observed for the RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, WBC, and basophils. The platelet count was higher in the female group, the age group 40 years and above, and in the Western region. The prevalence of anemia was high in the female group and the Eastern region. The overall neutropenia rate was 12.8%.ConclusionThe data from this study provide hematological parameter reference ranges for the adult Saudi population by gender, age, and region. Gender and age-related differences were observed for the hematological parameters. Anemia was more frequent in the female group and the Eastern region. Caution must be taken when comparing or interpreting results from different age groups, gender, region of origin, and ethnicity.

Abstract Study Objective Enhancement of a routine complete blood count (CBC) for detection of sepsis in the emergency department (ED) has pragmatic utility for early management. This study evaluated the performance of monocyte distribution width (MDW) alone and in combination with other routine CBC parameters as a screen for sepsis and septic shock in ED patients. Methods A prospective cohort analysis of adult patients with a CBC collected at an urban ED from January 2020 through July 2021. The performance of MDW, white blood count (WBC) count, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR) to detect sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis‐3 Criteria) was evaluated using diagnostic performance measures. Results The cohort included 7952 ED patients, with 180 meeting criteria for sepsis; 43 with septic shock and 137 without shock. MDW was highest for patients with septic shock (median 24.8 U, interquartile range [IQR] 22.0–28.1) and trended downward for patients with sepsis without shock (23.9 U, IQR 20.2–26.8), infection (20.4 U, IQR 18.2–23.3), then controls (18.6 U, IQR 17.1–20.4). In isolation, MDW detected sepsis and septic shock with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.84) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.80–0 .91), respectively. Optimal performance was achieved in combination with WBC count and NLR for detection of sepsis (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.89) and septic shock (0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.92). Conclusion A CBC differential panel that includes MDW demonstrated strong performance characteristics in a broad ED population suggesting pragmatic value as a rapid screen for sepsis and septic shock.

Background: Reference intervals (RIs) are normal ranges of clinical indicators established from healthy subjects, and comparing test results with RIs is the first step for clinicians in differentiating between healthy and diseased subjects. Capillary blood is widely used in complete blood count (CBC) tests in children; however, capillary blood‐based RIs for the CBC parameters are still lacking for all pediatric populations. The aim of this study was to establish capillary blood‐based RIs for the CBC parameters in children aged 3 months to 18 years in Beijing. Methods: A total of 6799 capillary blood specimens from children were collected, including 3832 males and 2967 females aged 3 months to 18 years, and CBC parameters were analyzed. Data analysis, RI calculations, and 90% confidence interval (CI) calculations were performed according to CLSI C28‐A3 guidelines. Results: Capillary blood RIs for 22 CBC parameters were established in children aged 3 months to 18 years. The levels of most red blood cell‐related parameters increased with age and were generally higher in males than in females. White blood cell counts were relatively stable, with no obvious upward or downward trends from 3 months to 18 years of age. Platelet levels decreased within the first year and tended to be stable thereafter. Further validation with 458 healthy children illustrated that the verified results were within the established RIs with a 90%‐100% proportion. Conclusion: We established capillary blood RIs for 22 CBC parameters in children across a broad age range in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Active neutrophils are important contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology through the formation of capillary stalls that compromise cerebral blood flow (CBF) and through aberrant neutrophil signaling that advances disease progression. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a proxy of neutrophil-mediated inflammation, and higher NLR is found in persons diagnosed with clinical AD. The objective of this study was to investigate whether increased NLR in older adults is independently associated with the risk of subsequent dementia. Methods: We examined associations of baseline NLR with incident dementia risk in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) longitudinal cohorts. The association between NLR and risk of dementia was evaluated using the cumulative incidence function (CIF) and inverse probability-weighted Cox proportional cause-specific hazards regression models, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, current smoking status, low-density lipoprotein (LDH), high-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Random forest survival models were used to evaluate the relative predictive value of the model covariates on dementia risk. Results: The final study sample included 1,648 participants with FHS (average age, 69 years; 56% women). During follow-up (median, 5.9 years), we observed 51 cases of incident dementia, of which 41 were AD cases. Results from weighted models suggested that the NLR was independently associated with incident dementia, and it was preceded in predictive value only by age, history of CVD, and blood pressure at baseline. Conclusion: Our study shows that individuals with higher NLR are at a greater risk of subsequent dementia during a 5.9-year follow-up period. Further evaluating the role of neutrophil-mediated inflammation in AD progression may be warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete blood count (CBC) is the most widely prescribed laboratory test. It plays a key role in screening, diagnosing, and monitoring a variety of medical disorders. Preanalytical and analytical variables are responsible for more than 50% of laboratory errors that may lead to spurious CBC results. The effects of blood sampling, transport, storage, and analytical errors on hematological parameters have been well described. Circadian variation and changes in lifestyle and environment can also affect blood cells. It has been extensively studied in the past, but highly variable methodology and the presence of confounding factors have provided scattered and inconsistent results. We have investigated the literature to define the impact of circadian variation, modification of the sleep‐wake cycle, acute and chronic exercise, eating habits, alcohol, tobacco, drugs of abuse, high‐altitude, heat/cold exposure, and air pollution on CBC results. The affected cell type along with the intensity and duration of changes are detailed for each condition. We aim at providing a comprehensive overview of which situations may induce clinically significant changes and have to be taken into account by healthcare professionals before considering a hematological parameter as pathological and requesting complementary tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) in body can be made of amino acid L-arginine nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Donor drugs that release NO in the body are exogenous sources for this free radical. According to available sources, NO and its precursor (L-Arginine) can affect blood coagulation process. This work investigates the effect of NO on blood coagulation process in vitro using bovine blood as a model. Materials & Methods: Blood samples were taken from 5 apparently healthy adult Holstein cows and were separately exposed to ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulation materials and sodium citrate. Then, the blood containing anticoagulation substance was incubated for 30 min at temperature of 37°C with 10, 100 and 1000 µM of donors of NO, including sodium nitroprusside (SNP), nitroglycerine (GTN), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). In addition, 1, 10 and 100 mM of substances affecting NOS (either L-Arginine, L-NAME or L-Arginine + L-NAME) were applied in relevant groups. After incubation, following general tests of coagulation were adopted: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBC) count and methemoglobin (MetHb). Results: Obtained results indicate that among all relevant works, combination of L-Arginine and L-NAME in applied concentrations can cause significant reduction of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration (p

Complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most common blood tests requested by clinicians and evaluates the total numbers and characteristics of cell components in the blood. Recently, many investigations have suggested that the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), arteriosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome can be predicted using CBC components. This review introduces that white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are useful markers to predict CVD and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we would like to support various uses of CBC by organizing pathophysiology that can explain the relationship between CBC components and diseases.

In this study we have investigated the potential association between blood glucose and total cholesterol level with complete blood count (CBC). We have calculated the contents of glucose and total cholesterol with help of spectrophotometric method (wavelength range of 190 to 1100 nm) related to absorbance values in test serum with enzymatic reagents. In our study, we have also related the mean value of total cholesterol and glucose level with CBC and reported how cholesterol and glucose level vary with the counting of blood cells in human blood. The correlation analysis indicated that there were strong correlations between glucose and total cholesterol level with CBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria is a numero-uno infectious, killer disease in the developing world including India. This disease is caused by Plasmodium parasitic species with mosquitoes acting as vectors of transmission. Hematological tests include RBC, WBC and platelet parameters, peripheral blood examination which change based on parasitaemia need to be evaluated in various malaria affected regions to get prompt malarial diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis leads to prompt treatment avoiding troublesome malarial complications. Objectives: The present observational cross-sectional study was undertaken to estimate the Hematological profile in malaria cases diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital of Konkan region, Maharashtra. Methods: All the patients referred to Hematology section, Department of Pathology with malaria were evaluated with clinical details. The data was collected from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2020 for three years' duration. Total malarial cases studied were 50 cases. CBC/PBS examination was done on EDTA blood sample. The RBC parameters, WBC parameters and platelet counts were studied with respect to malarial parasitaemia. Parasite index was found on smear and malarial diagnostic confirmation was also done using rapid kit test. All the findings were filled in MS-Xcel sheet 2010 and data was analyzed manually. Results: Malaria caused by P.vivax was predominant in present study. Patients in age range of 15-30 years were more affected in present study, that is, younger people were affected. Male predominance was seen. Fever was most common presenting symptoms followed by chills and rigor in present study. Hb, RBC count, PCV -- showed that anemia was more common hematological change in present study, as these values were lower than normal level. Red cell indices like MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and peripheral blood smear revealed all the values in a normal range showing normocytic normochromic RBCs in the present study. Patients with malaria having normal TLC followed by leucopenia were more common in present study. Thrombocytopenia was most common hematological change seen in present study. Conclusion: Hematological parameters are measurable indices of blood that serve as a marker for malarial diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete blood count parameters provide novel inflammatory markers. We aimed to assess any differences in these novel inflammatory markers between case and control and according to exacerbation severity in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: This a case control study was conducted at Marjan medical city among patients Previously diagnosed as COPD and admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbation were enrolled into the study. Complete blood count parameters were performed for both cases and control and compared among two groups by student T test. The severity of disease was measured by FEV1 and correlated with Complete blood count parameters to find any association by SPSS version 23. Result: Of 50 cases, 58% (29) of cases had Peripheral blood eosinophil ≥2. The mean white blood cell count, total Lymphocyte count, total neutrophil count, Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, hematocrit and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in case than control, but only white blood cell correlated with FEV1. Conclusion: In acute exacerbation, some of the complete blood count markers show a significant increase. These findings may be crucial for evaluation of acute exacerbation, determine the severity of exacerbation and treatment response during follow-up of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaemia indicates a pathological state, since it is the result of a disruption in the homeostatic balance between the production of erythrocytes and the loss/ destruction of erythrocytes. Running a complete blood count is the primary investigation that must follow the discovery of anaemia. In certain cases, after analysing the results of the CBC, the laboratory doctor may decide to run additional tests, such as a peripheral blood smear, which examines each type of cell in order to find anomalies in their quantity and quality and establish what type of anaemia the patient suffers from. The CBC and blood smears analysed for the purpose of this study were obtained from patients with pathological blood modifications or who were suspected of having blood diseases. The automatic CBCs were analysed with the automatic Sysmex XN-1000 haematology analyser. The blood smears, obtained through May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining procedure, were examined under the microscope and photographed. The numerical data obtained were stored and analysed statistically, and the link between the variables was established with the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Processing the CBCs revealed that the average number of erythrocytes was 3.28 ± 0.71/1003/μL, which represents 72.88% of the minimum biological reference value. Statistically, this parameter has a positive correlation with the quantity of haemoglobin (r=0.694), whose average was 9.52±1.11 g/dL, meaning 73.22% of the minimum biological reference value, and with the haematocrit (r=0.759), whose average value was 29.57±3.90%, which is 73.92% of the minimum reference value. All these low values indicate the presence of anaemia. The values of the erythrocyte numbers pointed towards normocytic anaemia, despite some individual variations. The average numbers of white cells and platelets were slightly higher than the biological values, suggesting the correlated modification of the other types of blood cells, that comes with anaemia. The microscope examination of the blood smears revealed some modifications in the form of the erythrocytes (some that look like a stack of coins, knizocytes, sickle cells, degmacytes and ovalocytes), changes in erythrocyte diameter (mainly macrocytosis, indicating hypochromic anaemia, through a deficit of haemoglobin synthesis) and changes in the haemoglobin load (hypochromic erythrocytes, which indicate hypochromic anaemia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human blood groups ABO (BG) represent an important system in blood transfusion medicine and transplantation, and have a role in the development of heart disease. The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the types of blood groups and knowing the most affected by atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Our study was consisted of total (n=192) population with age range (45-70) years old and overweight in terms of their BMI. The first group included (n=64) under Precautinous coronary intervention (PCI) catheterization with atherosclerosis and diabetes type 2. The second group (n=64) underwent Diagnostic (DIG) catheterization with diabetes type 2 and without atherosclerosis. The association between blood group types with diabetes type 2 disease and atherosclerosis was investigated. The most prevalent blood group was O+ (93.74%) in DIG, (80.84%) in PCI closely followed by group B (49.99%), (44.62%) in DIG and PCI respectively, and group A (43.75%) In both group. Least prevalent blood group was AB (35.25%) in PCI and (12.5%) in DIG group. In conclusion the patients with type O are more likely to have diabetes and atherosclerosis, and those with type B are more likely to develop diabetes. Type A and AB are less likely to develop sclerosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodic medical examinations of radiation workers are routinely conducted in many countries. Although low dose radiation (LDR) is not expected to cause a significant effect on blood count, the periodic examination usually includes reviewing the work history, general medical history, a physical examination and collecting a blood sample. Despite lymphocytes are the most sensitive cells to radiation, their counts do not show any significant change as long as the radiation level is less than a few hundreds of millisievert (mSv). In spite of this, in Iran, radiation workers, even those who work in diagnostic radiology departments, are regularly examined for blood count changes. Methods: After a detailed search in PubMed, ISI, Scopus, SID and Google Scholar, only 12 out of 650 articles matched our criteria. A review of these 12 reports was conducted. The full texts were fully reviewed by the authors. Results: The complete blood count (CBC) test has a very low efficacy in evaluation of the adverse health effects of ionizing radiation in radiation workers. Therefore, finding alternative methods with a higher efficacy is recommended. Conclusion: CBC tests cannot be introduced as valid markers of potential radiation effects in most occupational exposures. Given this consideration, in periodic tests of radiation workers, cytogenetic tests can be the gold-standard method. In particular, due to its relatively low cost and good sensitivity and specificity, the dicentric assay can be promising. Moreover, the simple and rapid evaluation of micronuclei by fast automated scoring systems can be a good alternative for current low efficacy CBC tests.

Iron deficiency has become a common nutritional problem of developing countries, especially in children. This study approached to tackle the issue of iron deficiency by inexpensive fortified food such as chewing gums, which is commonly consumed by children. In this study, iron-fortified chewing gums were prepared by adding ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and sodium iron EDTA (NaFeEDTA) 30 mg/100 g. An efficacy trial was conducted to determine the impact of iron-fortified chewing gums on the blood profile and iron status of school-going children (n = 300). Results showed maximum increase in blood profile and iron status that is, serum ferritin (10.43%), hemoglobin (3.22%), hematocrit (3.42%), red blood cells (3.05%), mean cell volume (1.55%), mean cell hemoglobin (5.43%), total white blood cells count (9.09%), and platelets count (4.40%) as compared with control whereas decrease in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (1.90%) and neutrophils (3.33%) was also observed. The study concluded that FeSO4 and NaFeEDTA (1:1) fortification of chewing gums is an appropriate approach for mitigating iron deficiency among the target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn. The vague clinical presentation can be a challenge to the pediatric nurse clinician, often causing a delay in diagnosis and management. Eligibility Criteria: Thirty-two articles, as well as guidelines and relevant texts, addressing late-onset neonatal sepsis and neonatal sepsis within the last 10 years were selected for review. Results: When predicting late onset sepsis in the neonate the complete blood count (CBC) with differential showed poor sensitivity and specificity; however, the white blood cells (WBC) showed a good negative predictive value (NPV), along with an I:T ratio of >0.2, strongly indicating bacteremia in a neonate. In terms of inflammatory biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) showed the most promise, with good sensitivity and specificity, as well as good accessibility, when compared to interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A (SAA). DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows promise. Conclusions: Many sepsis treatment protocols include the CBC with differential as a main diagnostic test; however, this lacks accuracy in the neonatal population. The emergence of acute phase reactants and inflammatory biomarkers has provided additional diagnostic options in the diagnoses of neonatal sepsis. Implications: The pediatric nurse clinician should be aware of what tests are available in the clinical setting, and through the use of clinical assessment and history taking in combination with appropriate diagnostics, aim to diagnose these newborns cautiously in accordance with current practice guidelines and protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver distortion that occurs in cirrhosis results in increased resistance to portal blood flow and hence in portal hypertension which is one of the most common and serious complications of liver cirrhosis.Red cell distribution width (RDW) is routinely performed as part of a complete blood cell counts. Elevated RDW values were also shown to be associated with increased risk of mortality in the general population. However, to our knowledge, the role of RDW values predicting LCF and portal hypertension in LC has not been well-defined. The present study was designed to investigate the role of RDW as anon invasive predicting index for LCF and portal hypertension in cirrhotic patient which will improve the diagnostic efficiency and provide useful information with other serum markers for the detection of LCF in LC. We found significantly good correlation between Child–Pugh and RDW values which can ultimately be used to predict the survival of patients with LC. There was also good correlation between RDW and those receiving ?-blockers, so it may be used as an indicator for patient compliance, but there was no significant correlation with the grade of encephalopathy and portal hypertension.

Objective: To assess the effect of storage time and temperature on complete blood count (CBC) and comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) testing. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang databases and SinoMed databases were searched up to May 2017. Clinical trials with adult whole blood samples were identified. Paired reviewers independently screened, extracted data and evaluated the quality of evidence (MINORS tool). Analyses were conducted using Revman 5.3 and Stata 14.0. Results: A total of 89 studies were confirmed. For CBC, except MPV, most parameters were stable at least for 24 h. Some indices, such as WBC, PLt, HCT, HGB and MCH were stable up to 3 d. However, stable CMP test results could only be acquired within 12 h. at 4 °C, including GLU, AST, ALT, Na, ALB, Cl, DBIL, TC, TG and ALP. Values were less stable when stored at RT. Conclusions: Specimens stored >12 h. for CMP may generate unreliable results. For CBC, samples could reliably be stored for 24 h. For longer storage, refrigeration (at 4 °C) would be a better choice.

Synthetic colloids are commonly administered to dogs to treat absolute or relative hypovolaemia. Voluven® (tetrastarch 130/0.4) and Gelofusine® (succinylated gelatin) are available to veterinarians in South Africa. In humans, use of these products has caused acid–base derangements, changes in haematology and impaired haemostasis. We aimed to investigate these effects in healthy normovolaemic dogs. Eight healthy adult beagle dogs underwent a cross-over study, receiving Voluven® or Gelofusine® (10 mL/kg/h for 120 min) once each with a 14-day washout between treatments. Dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (10 µ g/kg intramuscularly). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and the dogs were maintained with isoflurane-in-oxygen. The anaesthetised dogs were connected to a multi-parameter monitor to monitor physiological parameters throughout. Catheters placed in a jugular vein and dorsal metatarsal artery allowed sampling of venous and arterial blood. Blood was collected immediately prior to commencement of colloid infusion, after 60 min infusion and at the end of infusion (120 min) to allow for arterial blood gas analysis, haematology and coagulation testing (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], prothrombin time [PT] and thromboelastography [TEG]). There was no effect, between treatments or over time, on blood pH. The haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count and haematocrit decreased significantly over time (all p < 0.01), with no differences between treatments, and remained within normal clinical ranges. There were no differences between treatments or over time for the TEG, aPTT and PT tests of haemostasis. At the dose studied, Voluven® and Gelofusine® had comparably negligible effects on blood acid–base balance and coagulation in normovolaemic dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) in body can be made of amino acid L-arginine nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Donor drugs that release NO in the body are exogenous sources for this free radical. According to available sources, NO and its precursor (L-Arginine) can affect blood coagulation process. This work investigates the effect of NO on blood coagulation process in vitro using bovine blood as a model. Materials & Methods: Blood samples were taken from 5 apparently healthy adult Holstein cows and were separately exposed to ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulation materials and sodium citrate. Then, the blood containing anticoagulation substance was incubated for 30 min at temperature of 37°C with 10, 100 and 1000 μM of donors of NO, including sodium nitroprusside (SNP), nitroglycerine (GTN), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). In addition, 1, 10 and 100 mM of substances affecting NOS (either L-Arginine, L-NAME or L-Arginine + L-NAME) were applied in relevant groups. After incubation, following general tests of coagulation were adopted: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBC) count and methemoglobin (MetHb). Results: Obtained results indicate that among all relevant works, combination of L-Arginine and L-NAME in applied concentrations can cause significant reduction of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration (p<0.05). Despite some changes in other parameters, they did not reach the level of significance. Conclusion: In general, it could be mentioned that endogenous or exogenous NO in the model applied in this study may not have a decisive impact on blood coagulation process. However, the non-specific effects observed in the L-Arginine + L-NAME group on the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration need further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of glucose and salt level on white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (PLTs) in the blood of a leukemic patient by using a white light microscope. Different concentrations of glucose and salt in the range of 0 mM to 500 mM were admixed in the blood sample to prepare blood smear. We revealed that shape of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets changes and form aggregates. Increasing concentrations of glucose cause to increases aggregation process of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. And the increasing concentration of sodium chloride causes to increase rouleaux formation and aggregation of platelets but dehydration due to increased sodium chloride concentration causes to break the aggregation of white blood cells. Comparison of CBC reports of these samples with and without analytes shows that total leukocyte count (TLC) decreases gradually towards normal ranges of leukocytes which is favorable in the treatment of leukemia but at the same time decreasing level of hemoglobin HGB, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and increasing level of red blood cell (RBCs) causes to reduce oxygen supply which is in favor of cancer growth and anemia. This work provides us the base for translation this in vitro study towards the in vivo case of blood microvasculature as a non-invasive methodology.

Background Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial for bacteremia and sepsis, as they have the potential to lead to septic shock and fatal outcomes. Bacteremia induces the recruitment of immature granulocytes (IGs) into the circulation, which indicates active bone marrow response. The goal of our present study is to determine the effectiveness of automated IG measurement as an alternate indicator for infection and also its clinical utility in predicting positive blood culture (BC) results. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including 100 BC-positive patients for whom complete blood count (CBC) and BC were done at the same time. Multiple hematological parameters including total white blood cell count (TWC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), IG count (IGC), and IG percentage (IG%) were obtained from the automated hematology analyzer, and IGC/TWC (IG ratio), IGC/ANC (immature-to-total neutrophil ratio), and ANC/ALC (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) were calculated using the primary data and compared with 100 uninfected normal individuals. Results The mean value of IG% and IGC between culture-positive and culture-negative groups were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05), suggesting that they are potential markers for bacteremia, and also the IG% was significantly higher in patients with positive BCs. Conclusion IG measurement is an easily accessible, cost-effective potential marker for screening bacteremia. Therefore, IGC and IG% could be incorporated as a part of the CBC report., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, V et al.)

Splenomegaly is a common sequela of cirrhosis, and is frequently associated with decreased hematologic indices including thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Partial splenic artery embolization (PSE) has been demonstrated to effectively increase hematologic indices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. This is particularly valuable amongst those cirrhotic patients who are not viable candidates for splenectomy. Purpose: This study aims to discuss the role of partial splenic artery embolization in the treatment of the decreased hematologic indices including thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in chronic liver disease and the efficacy of this method in increasing of hematologic indices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. Patients and methods: twenty-five patients with chronic liver disease were included. All patients had chronic liver disease with hypersplenism and hyperactive bone marrow and all patients underwent PSE in one session then follow-up after one month was done. Results: The mean age of the selected patients was about 46years old. All patients showed significant increase in the platelet count after one session and remained at appropriate levels during the follow up period. Postembolization syndrome was the most common complication and occurred in all patients (100%).Ascites developed in 4 patients (16%). Portal vein thrombosis developed in 2 patient (8%) Splenic abscess developed in 1 patient (4%). No other complications has been reported. None of the patients developed septic shock. No post procedure mortality occurred. Conclusion: Partial splenic artery embolization is an effective method for the treatment of hypersplenism caused by chronic liver disease and more safe than splenectomy as it results in improvement of the hematological status with preservation of immunological role of the spleen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood cells diagnosis is becoming essential to ensure a proper treatment can be proposed to a blood related disease patient. In current research trending, automated complete blood count analysis system is required for pathologists or researchers to count the blood cells from the blood smeared images. Hence, a portable mobile-based complete blood count (CBC) analysis framework with the aid of microscope is proposed, and the smartphone camera is mounted to the viewing port of the light microscope by adding a smartphone support. Initially, the blood smeared image is acquired from a light microscope with objective zoom of 100X magnifications view the eyepiece zoom of 10X magnification, then captured by the smartphone camera. Next, the areas constitute to the WBC and RBC are extracted using combination of color space analysis, threshold and Otsu procedure. Then, the number of corresponding cells are counted using topological structural analysis, and the cells in clumped region is estimated using Hough Circle Transform (HCT) procedure. After that, the analysis results are saved in the database, and shown in the user interface of the smartphone application. Experimental results show the developed system can gain 92.93% accuracy for counting the RBC whereas 100% for counting the WBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Although CE has a large geographic distribution, data are lacking on the frequency of infection and epidemiology of CE in many endemic areas of the world, including the Middle East. Demographic and clinical information on surgically managed human CE cases were evaluated from a referral hospital in north-eastern Iran for the years 2001-2008. Of the 400 CE cases, 218 (54.5%) were male. The median age of patients was 35 years (range 2-83 years). The lungs (41.0%) and liver (37.7%) were the most commonly infected organs. However, 12.7% of patients had multiple organ involvement. The majority of cases (54.3%) were diagnosed using ultrasound, with only 12.0% diagnosed with the help of serology. Total white blood cell count was elevated in 26.8% (107/400) of patients, neutrophil count was elevated in 24.0% (96/400) of patients, and eosinophil count was elevated in 13.3% (53/400) of patients. Lymphocyte count was the only complete blood count (CBC) value that differed based on organ location ( P = 0.001). Despite some successes in the control of CE, the number of surgical CE cases in north-eastern Iran remains high. Although not diagnostic alone, CBC values allow for clinicians to obtain a more complete clinical picture of CE before, during, and after treatment. While serology has its place, the use of diagnostic imaging continues to be the most commonly used tool for the diagnosis of CE cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the work: A descriptive study to investigate the effect of partial splenic artery embolization in the control of hyperspleniom. Patients and methods: Fifteen patient with hypersplenism due to chronic liver disease were included. This was a prospective study that included patients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <70.000) which referred from the Tropical Department at Ain Shams University Hospitals to the Interventional Radiology Unit for partial splenic embolization. Partial splenic arterial embolization was performed to reduce the hyperfunction of the spleen in patient with hypersplenism. Results: The mean age of the selected patients was about 48years old. The most common cause of hypersp1enism is chronic 1iver disease due to HCV infection in 12 patients (80%), bi1harzial disease in 2 patients (13%) and mixed HCV and bi1harzial infection in 1 patient (7%). The most frequent risk factors were past history of b1ood transfusion in 7 patients (47%), past history of surgery in 5 patients (33%), and pasthistory of parentral antibilharzia1 treatment in 3 patients (20%). Bleeding tendency was found in 15 patients (100%), while abdominal pain was found in 12 patients (80%). As regards other symptoms, lower limb swelling and abdominal enlargement were noticed in 30% and 20% of patient respectively, anemic manifestations and recurrent infections were noticed in 53% and 47% of patient respectively. Postembolization syndrome was the most common complication and occurred in all patients (100%). Newly developed ascites occurred in 2 patients (13%). splenic abscess was developed in 2 patients (13%). No other complications had been reported. Conclusion: Partial splenic arterial embolization is an effective method for the treatment of thrombocytopenia resulting from hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis; however, the procedure is associated with complications, and hence must be performed only if clearly indicated and by an expert person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tic disorder (TD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders and its etiology has not been fully elucidated. Complete blood count (CBC) values have been used as indicators of a systemic inflammatory response. In our study, we aimed to assess hemogram parameters in drug-naive, comorbidity-free children with TD compared with controls., Methods: This retrospective study included 62 drug-naive children with TD who had undergone CBC within one month prior to the study. A control group of 48 healthy children, matched for age and gender, without any organic or psychiatric disorders, was included. Statistical analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).  Results: Hematocrit (p = 0.044), mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.002), platelet count (p = 0.011), and plateletcrit (p = 0.031) values were significantly higher in the TD group, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.00) was significantly lower in the TD group. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the duration of illness and platelet (p = 0.05, r=-0.282), plateletcrit (p = 0.038, r = -0.295), and neutrophil count (p = 0.006, r = -0.391), while a positive correlation was found between the duration of illness and eosinophil count (p = 0.018, r = 0.336)., Conclusion: The results revealed several significant differences in hemogram parameters between TD patients and the control group. These may suggest the role of inflammation and/or other underlying mechanisms in TD and may inspire new studies. Future studies with larger and more homogeneous samples, including comprehensive inflammatory markers, may contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between inflammation and TD., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Kara et al.)

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic showed the importance of simple, low-cost, and accessible tests for patient triage. Complete Blood Count (CBC) can be considered a good option for predicting the prognosis of COVID-19 and daily follow-up of hospitalized patients. CBC tests of 100 COVID-19 patients admitted to the general ward or intensive care unit (ICU) were monitored for ten days. Routine laboratory tests were also performed. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated at the time of admission. The WBC count of the ICU-admitted patients was significantly lower than in the non-ICU-admitted group ( P = 0.008). The mean lymphocyte percentage of deceased patients was significantly lower than in the survived patients ( P = 0.041), whereas the mean neutrophil percentage of the former group was higher than the latter ( P = 0.012). Moreover, the mean monocyte percentage of the survivors was significantly more than that of non-survivors ( P = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference in mean platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, and red blood cell count between the studied groups. A lower WBC, lymphocyte percentage, and monocyte percentage, in addition to a higher neutrophil percentage, may indicate a poor prognosis in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Iran University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Capillary blood is a common specimen type used for infant blood routine tests. Until now, this specimen type could only be tested with the manual mode in hematology analyzers. Manual sample mixing and loading increases the amount labor force and can be more easily affected by human factors. This study was designed to investigate the proficiency of the automatic mode of the Mindray BC-7500 CRP Auto Hematology Analyzer for capillary blood testing., Methods: The complete blood count (CBC) results for capillary blood were compared between the automatic and manual modes. Special types of samples, including samples with high or low volume, thalassemia red cells, high fibrinogen, high hematocrit (HCT), or high triglyceride levels, were compared and evaluated. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to define the agreement between the 2 modes. The industry standard Analytical Quality Specifications for Routine Tests in Clinical Hematology (WS/T 406-2012), published by the National Health Commission of China, was used to evaluate the correlation between the results from the 2 modes., Results: There was good correlation between the automatic and manual modes for every type of sample, and the ICCs were all higher than 0.9. Except for high HCT or high triglyceride samples, there were no differences found between the 2 modes based on the WS/T 406-2012 standard., Conclusions: This new automatic mode utilized in the Mindray BC-7500 CRP Auto Hematology Analyzer for capillary blood yielded the same results as the manual mode except in the case of samples with high HCT or triglycerides. Capillary blood might be routinely tested automatically with hematology analyzers in the near future, which might reduce the labor required and improve standardization., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://cdt.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/cdt-23-84/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. All rights reserved.)

The article discusses a study which evaluates the impact of under-filled blood collection tubes containing K2EDTA and 3EDTA as anticoagulants on automated complete blood count (CBC) testing. Blood samples were collected from 30 patients which were analyzed for CBC on a Siemens Advia 120 hematology analyzer. Also discussed is the limitations of the study.

The article discusses a study which aims to check the accuracy of complete blood count for insufficient blood samples collected from 332 subjects at a single tertiary medical center Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between August and December 2010. Also discussed is the three clinical implications of the study.