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Applying the concept of diaspora, this paper examines an organization in Kampala, Uganda that utilizes sport to foster cultural belonging and increase livelihood opportunities for refugees. A participatory action research approach was implemented with multiple forms of data collection including semistructured interviews, photovoice, and photocollaging. Findings highlight how sport and livelihoods are used by refugees to resist exclusion and other inequalities in Kampala and to express diaspora space and consciousness. Discussion highlights the usefulness of the concept of diaspora for understanding the intersections of sport, refugees, livelihoods, and, more importantly, to stimulate a homing desire for refugees forcibly displaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the most common blood-borne infection, disproportionately affects people experiencing homelessness (PEH); however, HCV interventions tailored for PEH are scarce. This study utilized a community-based participatory approach to assess perceptions of HCV treatment experiences among HCV-positive PEH, and homeless service providers (HSP) to develop and tailor the "I am HCV Free" intervention which integrates primary, secondary, and tertiary care to attain and maintain HCV cure. Four focus groups were conducted with PEH (N = 30, Mage = 51.76, standard deviation 11.49, range 22-69) and HSPs (n = 10) in Central City East (Skid Row) in Los Angeles, California. An iterative, thematic approach was used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. Barriers and facilitators emerged from the data which have the potential to impact initiating HCV treatment and completion across the HCV care continuum. Understanding and addressing barriers and strengthening facilitators to HCV treatment will aid in HCV treatment completion and cure for PEH.

Deaf, deafblind, and hard of hearing (DDBHH) individuals experience barriers to accessing cancer screening, including ineffective patient-physician communication when discussing screening recommendations. For other underserved communities, culturally and linguistically aligned community health navigators (CHNs) have been shown to improve cancer screening and care. A needs assessment study was conducted to identify barriers and gather recommendations for CHN training resources. A community-based participatory needs assessment was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022 using three focus groups. Eight were cancer survivors, six advocates/navigators, and three clinicians. All questions were semi-structured and covered screening barriers, observations or personal experiences, perceived usefulness of having a CHN to promote cancer screening adherence, and training resources that may be useful to American Sign Language (ASL)-proficient CHNs, who are also culturally and linguistically aligned. Out of 20 focus group participants, seven self-identified as persons of color. Data highlighted systemic, attitudinal, communication, and personal-level barriers as recurrent themes. The most frequently cited barrier was access to training that supports the role and competencies of CHNs, followed by cultural considerations, access to cancer guidelines in ASL, dialect diversity in sign language, and the health system itself. Unaddressed barriers can contribute to health disparities, such as lower preventive cancer screening rates amongst DDBHH individuals. The next step is to translate recommendations into actionable tasks for DDBHH CHN training programs. As a result, CHNs will be well-equipped to help DDBHH individuals navigate and overcome their unique barriers to cancer screening and healthcare access.

BackgroundLittle is known about trauma and its mental health impact on Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI), an understudied Indigenous-colonized population that endures severe mental health disparities.AimsThis novel investigation assessed trauma prevalence and its mental health and substance use correlates in NH/PIs in the U.S.MethodUsing community-based participatory research methods, survey data on NH/PI trauma, depression, anxiety, substance use, and treatment need were collected from 306 NH/PI adults using online, telephone, and in-person methods. Descriptive statistics and adjusted regression models were employed.ResultsSixty-nine percent of participants experienced lifetime trauma, reporting mean exposure to 2.5 different trauma types. Childhood physical and sexual abuse, and lifetime forced sexual assault rates were 34%, 25%, and 27%, respectively, exceeding general population rates. Women and men reported equivalent total mean exposure to different trauma types, as well as equal prevalence for every trauma type examined (e.g. sexual abuse/assault). Confirming hypotheses, after controlling for key demographic and mental health risk factors, increased exposure to multiple trauma types uniquely associated with greater depression, anxiety, alcohol symptomology, and greater likelihood for needing treatment and using illicit substances.ConclusionsTrauma is prevalent in NH/PI populations and significantly impacts NH/PI mental health; serving as an important but overlooked contributor to NH/PI mental health disparities. Current findings fill critical gaps in our knowledge of NH/PI trauma and mental health while revealing the importance of screening and treating NH/PIs for trauma exposure to alleviate existing mental health disparities.

Background: Climate change, increasing recognition of institutionalized discrimination, and the COVID-19 pandemic are large-scale, societal events (ie, forces of change) that affect the timing, settings, and modes of youth physical activity. Despite the impact that forces of change have on youth physical activity and physical activity environments, few studies consider how they affect physical activity promotion. Methods: The authors use 2 established frameworks, the ecological model of physical activity and the youth physical activity timing, how, and setting framework, to highlight changes in physical activity patterns of youth in North America that have resulted from contemporary forces of change. Results: North American countries—Canada, Mexico, and the United States—have faced similar but contextually different challenges for promoting physical activity in response to climate change, increasing recognition of institutionalized discrimination, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovative applications of implementation science, digital health technologies, and community-based participatory research methodologies may be practical for increasing and sustaining youth physical activity in response to these forces of change. Conclusions: Thoughtful synthesis of existing physical activity frameworks can help to guide the design and evaluation of new and existing physical activity initiatives. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers are encouraged to carefully consider the intended and unintended consequences of actions designed to respond to forces of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe vast majority of the 300 000 pregnancy-related deaths every year occur in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Increased access to quality antepartum and intrapartum care can reduce pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. We used a population-based cross-sectional cohort design to: (1) examine the sociodemographic risk factors and structural barriers associated with pregnancy care-seeking and institutional delivery, and (2) investigate the influence of residential distance to the nearest primary health facility in a rural population in Mali.MethodsA baseline household survey of Malian women aged 15-49 years was conducted between December 2016 and January 2017, and those who delivereda baby in the 5 years preceding the survey were included. This study leverages the baseline survey data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial to conduct a secondary analysis. The outcomes were percentage of women who received any antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery; total number of ANC visits; four or more ANC visits; first ANC visit in the first trimester.ResultsOf the 8575 women in the study, two-thirds received any ANC in their last pregnancy, one in 10 had four or more ANC visits and among those that received any ANC, about one-quarter received it in the first trimester. For every kilometre increase in distance to the nearest facility, the likelihood of the outcomes reduced by 5 percentage points (0.95; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) for any ANC; 4 percentage points (0.96; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) for an additional ANC visit; 10 percentage points (0.90; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.95) for four or more ANC visits; 6 percentage points (0.94; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) for first ANC in the first trimester. In addition, there was a 35 percentage points (0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76) decrease in likelihood of institutional delivery if the residence was within 6.5 km to the nearest facility, beyond which there was no association with the place of delivery. We also found evidence of increase in likelihood of receiving any ANC care and its intensity increased with having some education or owning a business.ConclusionThe findings suggest that education, occupation and distance are important determinants of pregnancy and delivery care in a rural Malian context.Trial registration numberNCT02694055.

ObjectiveWe sought to examine the experiences of community partners in a community-academic partnership to promote COVID-19 testing in two majority Latino communities.MethodsWe conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews in English and Spanish with community-based organization leaders and community health workers/promotoras (n = 10) from June to July 2021. Interviews focused on identifying partner roles in planning and testing implementation and evaluating communication among partners. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed in ATLAS.ti version 8.4.5. Analyses involved deductive and inductive approaches to identify key themes.ResultsParticipants described both strengths and challenges to the collaborative approach within each of three core themes: building relationships in the time of COVID-19; uplifting existing community leadership; and commitment of the academic partners and community-based organizations to conduct partnership activities in Spanish.ConclusionCommunity-academic partnerships that invest in strong relationships, community leadership, and a commitment to the community's preferred language offer a promising approach to addressing COVID-19 testing barriers. Findings provide direction for future research on how community members and academic partners can come together to inform strategies to continue addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.

IntroductionClinical research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks cohort diversity despite being a global health crisis. The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) was formed to address underrepresentation of Asians in research, and limited understanding of how genetics and non-genetic/lifestyle factors impact this multi-ethnic population.MethodsThe ACAD started fully recruiting in October 2021 with one central coordination site, eight recruitment sites, and two analysis sites. We developed a comprehensive study protocol for outreach and recruitment, an extensive data collection packet, and a centralized data management system, in English, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese.ResultsACAD has recruited 606 participants with an additional 900 expressing interest in enrollment since program inception.DiscussionACAD's traction indicates the feasibility of recruiting Asians for clinical research to enhance understanding of AD risk factors. ACAD will recruit > 5000 participants to identify genetic and non-genetic/lifestyle AD risk factors, establish blood biomarker levels for AD diagnosis, and facilitate clinical trial readiness.HighlightsThe Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) promotes awareness of under-investment in clinical research for Asians. We are recruiting Asian Americans and Canadians for novel insights into Alzheimer's disease. We describe culturally appropriate recruitment strategies and data collection protocol. ACAD addresses challenges of recruitment from heterogeneous Asian subcommunities. We aim to implement a successful recruitment program that enrolls across three Asian subcommunities.

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are disproportionately affected by the opioid epidemic. AI/AN emerging adults (ages 18-25) in urban areas are at particularly high risk, with the overdose death rate among urban-dwelling AI/AN people 1.4 times higher than rural-dwelling AI/AN people. Despite these challenges, there are no evidence-based culturally tailored prevention or intervention programs to address opioid, alcohol and other drug use among urban AI/AN emerging adults. This study focused on understanding AI/AN emerging adults experiences with two culturally tailored programs addressing opioid, cannabis, and alcohol use as part of the randomized controlled trial for Traditions and Connections for Urban Native Americans (TACUNA) in order to enhance feasibility of this intervention. Using a convergent mixed methods design at 3-month follow-up, we collected satisfaction and experience ratings and written narratives (total n = 162; intervention n = 77; control n = 85) from a sample of urban-dwelling AI/AN emerging adults who participated in both programs. We analyzed data through simultaneous examination of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative ratings show that both programs were rated highly. The qualitative data contextualized these ratings, illustrating pathways through which specific components were perceived to cause desired or observed behavioral change in participants. Among the elements that mattered most to these participants were the convenience of the virtual format, having a comfortable and safe space to share personal stories, and learning new information about their social networks. Negative comments focused on workshop length and inconvenient scheduling. This is one of the first studies to explore participant satisfaction and experience with culturally tailored substance use programming among a historically marginalized and understudied population. It is important to consider the voices of urban-dwelling AI/AN people in program development because hidden factors, such as limited financial resources, limited time, and misalignment with cultural values may prevent existing programs from being feasible.

Conceptual artist Rafa Esparza argues that adobe bricks are loaded with meaning and represent ethnic Mexican heritage and communion with land through Chicanx ritual labor. Our ethnographic experiences in northern New Mexico and our pedagogical and research work in experimental archaeology in California confirm Esparza’s assertion. Among traditional Chicanx villages in New Mexico, adobe construction serves to reinforce community relations. Among Chicanx college students, constructing experimental earthen ovens in the California laboratory creates new student communities and validates familial and social memories of adobe making in ancestral homelands. Bringing together initially separate research threads, we consider adobe’s culturally sustaining capacity and its potential in scientific archaeological research as inextricable facets of the same research-teaching system we now call ChicanXperimental archaeology. This article plants three interrelated seeds in that vein, offering starting points for: (1) a culturally sustaining college teaching model centered on adobe making; (2) a replicable experimental adobe oven construction and testing model with field-applicable results; and (3) project expansion to California elementary school classrooms with the same pedagogical and scientific goals in mind. We invite our readers, especially archaeologists and K-12 teachers, to explore and experiment alongside us, providing an experimental oven blueprint and suggestions as to prospects and best practices for both sides of this project.

BACKGROUND: To date, the United States (US) leads the world in the number of infections and deaths due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are staggering. Age-adjusted data show that AA and Latino individuals have had higher rates of death over most of the pandemic and during surges. Project 2VIDA! is community-based participatory research (CBPR) that was developed to address individual, social, and contextual factors related to access and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among African American and Latino communities in Southern California. This paper describes the study protocol and overarching objectives. METHODS AND DESIGN: Project 2VIDA! is a multilevel intervention that builds on the principals of CBPR and is designed to increase uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among African American and Latino individuals (≥16 years and older) in San Diego County. The intervention was developed with a working group comprised of representatives from community and academia and centers on targeted COVID-19 individual awareness and education, linkage to medical and supportive services, COVID-19 community outreach and health promotion and offering the COVID-19 vaccine through community pop-up clinics. DISCUSSION: Findings from 2VIDA! will provide data on the impact, feasibility, and acceptability of the intervention which are all crucial for the adaptation, refinement, and improvement of vaccine outreach interventions for COVID-19 and other vaccine preventable infectious diseases that severely impact African American and Latino communities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05022472?term=Project+2VIDA&draw=2&rank=1, NCT05022472.

ABSTRACT Introduction Aim Methods Results Discussion Implications Trial Registration Given that recovery‐oriented care focuses on empowering individuals with mental health challenges, collaborative care can be an effective tool for nurses in mental health day hospitals.To deepen knowledge about the impact of collaborative nursing care for improving health outcomes of mental health day hospital users.A sequential and transformative mixed methods study was designed. In the first phase of this mixed methods study, quantitative data were collected from 144 users of mental health day hospitals. In phase two, a group of users underwent an intervention based on collaborative nursing care, through participatory action research, and qualitative data were collected. Finally, quantitative data were again collected from all users.The users who participated in the intervention group improved quantitatively in terms of the quality of the therapeutic relationship. They also improved at different stages of the recovery process, thus the qualitative results confirmed that collaborative nursing care was an essential component in their recovery process.The findings highlight the critical role of collaborative nursing care in health outcomes. The therapeutic relationship was identified as a key factor in facilitating patient empowerment.The study supports implementing collaborative nursing care models in mental health settings to enhance patient outcomes.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04814576 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Within the contemporary policy turn towards co-production and co-research in Sweden, older people, practitioners and researchers alike have expressed uncertainty about how to undertake co-research. Moreover, scepticism persists about the merits and contributions of co-research and co-production to research and service development. In this paper, we aim to describe a co-research model developed with older care-experienced lay co-researchers and explore the utility of our model's outcomes to social care research and practice. Method: In a Participatory Action Research project, we established a team of three co-researchers by professional experience and eight lay co-researchers by lived experience who were over age 75. Our team undertook a complete study cycle from inception and funding through to knowledge exchange and dissemination. Our process lasted one year and comprised three phases: the group alone establishing collective knowledge, testing knowledge in peer interviews with acquaintances, exchanging knowledge in events with multi-sector actors. We generated and analysed data concurrently in fortnightly workshops and round-table meetings using procedures inspired by framework analysis to produce themes illustrated by vignettes. Findings: We highlight our co-research model's utility to social research, policy and practice under three themes. Expressly, how our approach (1) reaches and engages older people who are isolated at home, (2) generates out-of-the box thinking and innovative solutions for service development and research, (3) recognizes and benefits from older people's authentic experience and knowledge. We critically reflect upon these three themes and the conditions that lead towards or away from the adoption of key co-research principles. Conclusions: Public services and research and development units working in the interests of older people can take inspiration from our co-research model when seeking to meet the challenges brought by new reforms towards closer community involvement. Despite messiness in the process, integrating and embedding principled co-research and co-production can bring clarity and structure to the issues that matter most to older people, and draw organisations closer to the communities they serve. Plain English summary: In this paper we respond to the call for clearer descriptions of how co-research is carried out and contributes to developing eldercare services and building new knowledge. Our co-research team includes three researchers with professional experience of health and social care for older people, and eight researchers aged over 75 with lived experience of giving or receiving formal or informal care. Over one year we conducted a whole research cycle (from funding and study design, to presenting findings and planning new research) in a three-phase process: (1) the group worked alone to pool their knowledge on a topic that was important to them, (2) they tested this knowledge by interviewing other older people, and (3) they shared this knowledge with professionals in research and development units, eldercare services and wider stakeholder organisations. In undertaking and describing our co-research we found that our way of working was useful for social care research and practice in Sweden, which faces new legislative and policy reforms. Specifically, we saw that our co-research model reached and engaged with older people that services often consider hard to reach due to isolation at home. Moreover, our model gave us a deepened understanding of issues that mattered which led to out-of-the-box thinking that could contribute fresh ideas to services aiming to solve complex problems. Finally, for research to genuinely benefit from older people's lived experience, older people must have influence at the earliest opportunity in a flexible approach that breaks intergenerational taboos and provides space for knowledge to flourish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a growing concern among older adults, with limited effective pharmacological treatments available. Despite the potential of herbal medicine and acupuncture in managing MCI, there is a lack of research on their long-term effects on cognitive function and brain activity in clinical practice settings. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the effects of a community-based program integrating herbal medicine and acupuncture on cognitive function and neural responses in older individuals with MCI. Methods: Nineteen individuals were enrolled from a pool of 250 individuals registered in the 2021 Busan Dementia Prevention & Care Program. Participants with MCI received herbal medicine, acupuncture, and pharmacopuncture treatments over a 6-month period. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered at baseline and after 3 and 6 months to evaluate cognitive function. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure prefrontal cortex activity during cognitive task performance, including verbal fluency, Stroop color and word, and digit span backward tests. Results: Seventeen participants (13 female; mean age, 69.5 years) with MCI completed the study. Following the 6-month intervention, they exhibited a significant increase in the MoCA total score over time [F(2.32) =10.59, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, the deoxygenated hemoglobin beta coefficient in the left frontopolar prefrontal cortex significantly decreased during the Stroop task after the intervention. Conclusion: The Dementia Prevention & Care Program, which integrates herbal medicine and acupuncture, may enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI. Moreover, the observed changes in prefrontal cortex activity after completion of the program suggest a need for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn Canada, many individuals, particularly underserved populations living in poverty, struggle to access menstrual supplies. Amidst growing awareness of menstrual inequities, community-based organizations have emerged as vital actors in collecting and distributing menstrual supplies. We conducted a qualitative study to understand the experiences of community-based organizations in promoting menstrual health through the distribution of menstrual supplies. Close community connections allow organizations to reach underserved populations and provide tailored support. However, the sustainability of distribution is inhibited by unreliable sourcing of menstrual products and limitations in financial infrastructure. We recommend additional research into the experiences of community-based organizations and funding to allow organizations to engage in monitoring and programming evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the dynamic of co-developing knowledge within a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) project in the UK that set out to direct teenage and young adult Ambulatory Care. This is a service that offers cancer treatment that would have once required inpatient hospital stays. Working within a Community-of-Inquiry (CoI), young people from this cancer community became co-researchers, participating in every phase of the qualitative research. This contribution is written from the perspective of two members of the CoI, Alison, a cancer researcher-practitioner, and Michela, a young associate researcher with lived experience of cancer. Drawing on the Ambulatory Care research as a case study, they offer a reflective account of involving young people in research that directs both action and participatory action research processes. In doing so, they engage in a critical exploration of their participatory research inquiry, contextualising their discussion with some of the extant literature relevant to their chosen CBPR approach. The researchers found that both Ambulatory Care and their research dynamic foster young people’s agency. Evident too, was that within research that prioritises relationships and knowledge democracy and which associates with a sense of the collective, individuality can also sit comfortably alongside. The authors conclude this that distinctiveness is a strength, which enhances the learning, criticality, and reach of engaged research inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Action research methodologies are dynamic, as they often evolve with a group and are shaped by multiple contributions that can change over time. As researchers are embedded within this process, reflexivity is paramount to remain attuned to how they move with and shape the research. In search of a dynamic way of engaging with reflexivity in action research, this paper explores intra-active and diffractive theory and considers how diffracting reflexivities (Serra Undurraga 2021) can help researchers grasp a deeper understanding of their role in shaping the research process. This paper draws from a doctoral researcher’s experience navigating their reflexivity within an action research project to design sexuality education materials with young people in Aruba. Through its documentation of three multi-modal apparatuses, including doodling, audio/written journaling and blackout poetry, it offers a snapshot into creative methods for reflexivity and maps how their intra-actions go on to shape research practice. This paper contributes to the literature by providing insight into the ‘doing’ of reflexivity. It concludes that thinking with a diffractive lens and remaining curious to intra-actions are valuable tools for building a dynamic personal practice that compliments the emergent nature of action research methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canada has one of the highest prevalence of cannabis use globally, particularly among young adults aged 20–24 (50%) and youth aged 16–19 (37%). In 2018, Canada legalized recreational cannabis with the aim of protecting youth by restricting their access and raising public awareness of health risks. However, there has been limited qualitative research on the perceptions of harms associated with youth cannabis use since legalization, which is crucial for developing effective harm reduction strategies. This qualitative study examined perceptions of cannabis use among youth from the perspectives of youth, parents, and service providers. We explored how participants described the perceived risks or harms associated with youth cannabis use, as well as how they described their own and others' approaches to reducing cannabis-related risks and harms. Methods: This qualitative study used a community-based participatory research approach in partnership with Families for Addiction Recovery (FAR), a national charity founded by parents of youth and young adults with addiction issues. Virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The study included 88 participants from three key groups (n = 31 youth, n = 26 parents, n = 31 service providers). Two main themes emerged regarding perceived risks or harms associated with cannabis use: (1) concerns about cannabis-related risks and harms, including addiction, brain development, impact on family, and various adverse effects on areas such as motivation, concentration, finances, employment, education, physical and mental health; and (2) minimization of risks and harms, featuring conflicting messages, normalization, and perceptions of cannabis being less harmful than other substances. Additionally, two themes related to harm reduction approaches were identified: (1) implementation of harm reduction, and (2) challenges in implementing a harm reduction approach. Specific challenges for each participant group were noted, along with structural barriers such as unavailable and inaccessible services, easy access to cannabis, inadequate public education, and insufficient information on lower-risk cannabis use guidelines. Conclusions: Youth cannabis use is a significant public health concern that requires a multi-pronged approach. Developing youth-centered harm reduction strategies that recognize the developmental needs and vulnerabilities of youth, as well as the important role of families, is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This pilot case study paper demonstrates how school programming can be aligned and enhanced to better create a climate of peace on an elementary school campus by utilizing an integral peace leadership lens. Working collectively as a Peace Leadership Advisory Group, the elementary school leadership team, and the university research team helped to align existing programming and explore and implement new programming to create a comprehensive plan for bringing peace ideas together at the elementary school level. Methods: This pilot was a single case study that utilized Participatory Action Research. Data were collected through observation, survey, and interviews with school leadership and analyzed using thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, and grounded theory methods, respectively. Results: The pilot study revealed that the efforts to build peace on campus were successful overall, with students and staff having a positive experience with peace programming throughout the academic year. Discussion: The findings indicate that aligning existing programming as a way to frame a culture of peace and then supplementing that programming with additional activities serves as a way to unite a campus around the idea of peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In collaboration with the Minnesota Hmong community, we have previously discovered significant differences in allele frequencies for key Single Nucleotide Variations (SNVs) within Very Important Pharmacogenes (VIPs) between Hmong and East Asians. Recognizing the potential clinical implications of these observed differences, we sought to validate these observations in a Hmong cohort residing in California, the state with the largest Hmong population in the US. Robust validation of these differences would affect motivation for clinicians treating individuals who identify as Hmong to consider pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing as a means to improve clinical decision making when using therapeutic agents in this unique population. Method: Guided by California Hmong community leaders and utilizing the basic approach of community-based participatory research, demographic, clinical information and a buccal swab was obtained from Hmong adults residing in California. A commercial PGx testing panel was performed on these samples and specific allele frequencies of interest were compared between California and Minnesota Hmong. Allele frequency differences between California Hmong, East Asians and Europeans, were also compared. Return-of-PGx-results and presentations of group data were made to members of the Hmong along with PGx educational sessions to help interpret the observations. Results: In 118 California Hmong who completed the study, the allele frequencies for SNV's were similar to previous Minnesota Hmong results. Furthermore, out of the 18 SNVs that were not previously reported in Hmong, allele frequencies were statistically different in 38% (7/18) of SNVs comparing California Hmong to East Asians, and in 77.8% (14/18) SNVs comparing California Hmong to Europeans. Conclusion: These results validate the original study's findings that Hmong people living in different US locations have similar allele frequencies for key PGx genes. Further, for many of these PGx genes, their allele frequencies are significantly different compared to either East Asians or Europeans. Clinicians should consider these important differences when prescribing medications for people who identify as Hmong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative research approach that engages academic researchers and community stakeholders as equal partners in all research steps to address community concerns and achieve health equity. The CBPR approach has been widely used in vaccination promotion programmes. However, the elements and steps of CBPR-based programmes varied among studies. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the elements and steps, and establish an implementation framework to guide the utilisation of CBPR approaches in vaccination promotion. Methods: This scoping review was performed in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework. A systematic search was conducted on a set of electronic databases and grey literature sources. The retrieved articles were screened according to the criteria of CBPR and vaccination promotion, and data were extracted and recorded on a calibrated and predefined form in terms of study characteristics and CBPR components. Two authors worked independently to complete literature search, study selection, and data extraction. A narrative summary was used in categorising characteristics, and the contents of the included studies were summarised through qualitative analysis. Results: A total of 8557 publications were initially screened, and 23 articles were finally included. According to the CBPR conceptual model, the elements in each CBPR component specifically for vaccination promotion included (1) the establishment of community–academic partnership (CAP)s, (2) community capacity building by partner training vaccination knowledge, research literacy, and service abilities and skills, (3) development and implementation of community-based intervention and (4) Outcome evaluation. A CAP was established between academic researchers or institutes and eight types of partners, including community service organisation–related non-government organisations (NGOs), health service institution–related NGOs, religious organisations, government agencies, educational institutions, media agencies, business agencies, and community representatives. The maintenance of CAP was achieved with four key strategies, namely, strengthening communication, forming management groups, sharing resources and information, and providing incentives. Twelve studies provided comprehensive insights into the strategies employed for intervention development, utilising either quantitative surveys, qualitative methods or a combination of both approaches. The contents of interventions included health service supports, health education activities, social marketing campaigns, community mobilisation, interactive discussions, vaccination reminders and incentives. As for outcome evaluation, vaccination rate and the effectiveness of interventions were assessed. A considerable increase was observed in 95.7% of the included studies (22/23), and the highest increase (92.9%) was attained after the intervention. An implementation framework was generated to summarise the elements and steps of CBPR approaches for vaccination promotion. Conclusions: This review summarised current evidence and generated an implementation framework to elucidate the elements and steps in the development and application of CBPR approaches in vaccination promotion. CBPR approaches are recommended for future vaccination promotion programmes, involving community stakeholders and research professionals, to ensure equitable access to vaccinations across diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The West Africa One Health project is a multi-country project designed to utilise the One Health approach and deploy the Community Action Networks (CAN), a concept rooted in the principles of community-based participatory research, to improve knowledge of high-risk communities on zoonoses. The majority of emerging zoonoses occur at the human-wildlife interface, of which wildlife hunters and traders are critical stakeholders. We assessed the effectiveness of a CAN-based intervention involving the use of a video documentary and case studies as model tools in improving the knowledge of zoonoses among wildlife hunters and traders in Epe, an established hunting community in Lagos State, Nigeria. A single-group pre-post design involving a total of 39 consenting registered wildlife stakeholders was adopted. A pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on the participant's sociodemographic characteristics, awareness level, and knowledge of zoonoses pre and post CAN-based intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics McNemar and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests at a 5% level of significance. The mean age of the participants was 46.7 ± 10.9 years. Most (76.9%) identified as male and had at least secondary education (89.7%). The number of participants who were aware that diseases could be contracted from animals and that it could be through inhalation and close contact increased significantly from 13 (33.3%), 2 (5.1%), and 9 (23.1%) pre-intervention to 37 (94.9%), 11 (28.2%), and 21 (53.8%) post-intervention, respectively. The overall median knowledge score increased significantly from 1 (Interquartile range (IQR): 0–2) pre-intervention to 3 (IQR: 2–4) post-intervention. The CAN-based intervention involving the use of a video documentary and case studies as model tools was effective in improving the knowledge of zoonoses among wildlife hunters and traders in the hunting community and may be beneficial for future practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) was not invented as a research method but is increasingly attracting researchers’ attention as a unique approach to describing and understanding the situations faced by underprivileged groups. Despite these positive features and this increasing attention, there are some aspects which should be carefully described and negotiated if we are to also use the TO for research purposes. Firstly, we delineate TO vis-à-vis participatory action research (PAR) and critical ethnography and describe our experience of using TO both at the university level and in researching marginalised groups. Subsequently, we outline the strategies for choosing non-actors to participate which affect the researcher’s control over the agenda and the data discovered. We also discuss how research questions are developed in TO by the researcher and the participants. We then distinguish three approaches to inviting audiences. The arguments are based on 10 years of experience using the TO for intervention and research, contributing to reflection on the TO as a comprehensive method of empowerment and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Having a primary care provider is associated with better care experiences and lower care costs. In 2021, INSPIRE-PHC released Primary Care Data Reports - publicly available summaries of administrative billing data about how populations in each of Ontario's 60 health teams use primary care services. Given the characterization of Canadian primary care systems as 'in crisis', publicly available data about primary care at the regional level presented a significant opportunity for knowledge mobilization. An understandable resource could ground the public conversation about primary care access in data. Recognizing the role that lived experience plays in ensuring the public understands research findings, a partnership between patient advisors, Ontario Health Team representatives, researchers, and trainees was established to co-produce public-facing infographics based on primary care data. Methods: Evidence-based guidelines for public health infographic creation and elements of transformative action research guided a six-meeting process to engage up to 14 patient advisors, three Ontario Health Team staff and two primary care trainees. Patient advisors were affiliated with a provincial patient-oriented primary health care research group or a Hamilton-based Ontario Health Team. Ninety-minute meetings were conducted virtually, and notes were shared with attendees to ensure they accurately reflected the conversation. Two consultations with Ontario Health Team-affiliated primary care providers provided direction and ensured project outputs aligned with local priorities. Results: Project partners shared feedback on draft infographics, audience identification, priority elements from Primary Care Data Reports to include in the infographics, and aesthetic features (e.g., headings, colour scheme, charts). Project partners felt the most important metrics to convey to the public were those that simultaneously reinforced the benefits of primary care on individual health outcomes and health system costs. Conclusions: Patient engagement in research is becoming widespread, but co-developing knowledge products with patient and health system partners is less common. Our approach to engaging patients prevented both oversimplification and unnecessary complexity in a public-facing visual about attachment to primary care. Plain English summary: Primary care is the first point of contact for patients accessing the health care system. Primary care providers (i.e., family doctors and nurse practitioners – working individually or in teams of nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, social workers and others) – help patients and families manage health concerns over time by working to prevent, diagnose, and treat illnesses and link patients with specialist care when needed. Having a primary care provider is associated with better healthcare experiences and lower costs of care. In 2021, the Primary Care Data Reports were released to the public. The reports contain administrative data about how patients engage with primary care in each of the 58 Ontario Health Teams. Patient advisors, Ontario Health Team representatives, researchers, and trainees created an infographic to share this data in a way that can be understood by everyone. Infographics use images to help people process information faster, which can make health-related topics easier to understand. By understanding the value of primary care, people can participate in conversations about how to ensure primary care is accessible to everyone. Engaging patients is becoming common in research, but collaborating with patient advisors and health system partners to create visual summaries is less common. We had six virtual meetings that were 90 min each with up to 14 patient advisors, Ontario Health Team representatives, researchers and trainees. Patient advisors helped decide who the audience would be, which information from the Primary Care Data Reports to include, and how the infographic would look. Patient advisors felt it was most important to highlight the benefits patients can get from primary care, and the impact primary care can have to reduce health system costs. We consulted with primary care clinicians to ensure the infographic reflected local priorities. Working with patient advisors and Ontario Health Team representatives helped to create an infographic about Primary Care Data Reports data that is easy to understand by the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partnerships that effectively engage in certain key structural and process functions are more likely to meet their research goals and contribute to longer-term health equity outcomes. Ongoing evaluation of partnerships' level of achievement of these key functions, along with their fidelity to the guiding principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), is therefore essential to understand how they can achieve desired partnership outcomes. This article describes the validated Measurement Approaches to Partnership Success (MAPS) Questionnaire and the use of an accompanying Facilitation Guide in helping members of CBPR partnerships evaluate their partnership's state of development and interpret findings to improve its structure, processes, and outcomes. We describe the conceptual framework guiding the development of the MAPS Questionnaire and its 81-item across seven key outcome dimensions, along with 28 items measuring precursor characteristics of CBPR partnership outcomes. The Facilitation Guide provides general guidelines for sharing, interpreting, and applying results within partnerships using a participatory process, definitions and items for each dimension, an example of presenting summary means, and dimension-specific reflective questions for discussion. We offer recommendations for practical uses of the MAPS Questionnaire and Facilitation Guide. Whether used as a comprehensive tool or by dimension, the MAPS Questionnaire is conceptually sound and empirically validated for evaluating how CBPR partnerships can achieve long-standing success. CBPR partnerships at any stage of development will find the MAPS Questionnaire and Facilitation Guide useful in measuring and interpreting indicators of partnership success, sharing results, and improving their ability to contribute to achieving health equity goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laundromats are a regularly visited, highly localized community venue, especially in underserved communities. Few health literacy and health-promotion programs have taken place in laundromats, and there have been no efforts to apply community-based participatory research approaches in this setting. Literacy programs and cancer-prevention initiatives have been held in laundromats, but little data exist on the empirical outcomes of such initiatives or whether the programs have been fashioned as a collaboration between community and researchers. In this paper, we present a brief overview of literacy and cancer-prevention initiatives that have taken place in laundromats and introduce our Wash and Spin Toward Health/Washington Avanzando la Salud Hispana (W.A.S.H.) project. We describe how we applied community-based participatory research principles to launch this effort and identify both benefits and challenges of this approach. We hope this project will stimulate greater interest in laundromat settings for outreach and education efforts, especially those addressing disparities in health literacy and access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background.: Community-led health care interventions may be an effective way to tackle cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, especially in materially deprived communities where health care resources are stretched and engagement with institutions is often low. To do so effectively and equitably, interventions might be developed alongside community members through community engagement. Objectives.: The aim of this project was to carry out stakeholder mapping and partnership identification and to understand the views, needs, experiences of community members who would be involved in later stages of a community-based CVD prevention intervention's development and implementation. Methods.: Stakeholder mapping was carried out to identify research participants in three communities in Sussex, United Kingdom. A qualitative descriptive approach was taken during the analysis of focus groups and interviews with 47 participants. Findings.: Three themes were highlighted related to intervention design (a) Management: the suitability of the intervention for the community, management of volunteers, and communication; (b) Logistics: the structure and design of the intervention; and (c) Sociocultural issues, the social and cultural expectations/experiences of participants and implementers. Conclusions.: Study participants were open and willing to engage in the planned community-based intervention, particularly in elements of co-design and community-led delivery. They also highlighted the importance of sociocultural factors. Based on the findings, we developed recommendations for intervention design which included (but were not limited to): (a) a focus on a bottom-up approach to intervention design, (b) the recruitment of skilled local volunteers, and (c) the importance of fun and simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's expertise and knowledge can help prevent stunting in impoverished areas with limited resources. Through focus group discussions and photovoice methods, feminist participatory action research (FPAR) explored the perspectives of mothers and community health workers (posyandu) in the development of maternal and community health promotion. Six steps of FPAR were applied: the collection of media on stunting health promotion in public health centres; the building of trust and partnerships with posyandu cadres and mothers; the conducting of focus group discussions with posyandu cadres and mothers of young children to develop local language media through participatory visual methods; the co-designing of media content using online design tools; the dissemination of posters and leaflets to the community through mobile health promotion; and the redevelopment of media content for policy makers. We were able to co-develop effective strategies and solutions for the prevention of stunting that were based on women's lived experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with a higher level of awareness and knowledge of HPV are more likely to dispel misconceptions about HPV and reduce their likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior. Behavioural change can be achieved through interventions such as participatory action research (PAR), which has been applied in various contexts. Few studies have reported on the use of PAR in Nigeria. This study aims to utilise PAR as an intervention to increase HPV awareness, improve knowledge of HPV infection, and promote behavioural change for HPV prevention among young adolescents in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: The study design uses a school-based, pre-post intervention approach with a cross-sectional component. Study participants are young adolescents aged 10–19 years in selected co-educational secondary schools in three local government areas (LGAs) spread across the three senatorial zones in Benue State, Nigeria. Two-stage sampling was used to select the LGAs and schools, and the sample size was computed using the before and after implementation with some prior information from a previous study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, HPV awareness and knowledge of infection and prevention, prevention practices, and willingness for HPV vaccination were obtained with a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the Vaccination and HPV Knowledge (THinK) survey. The HPV Knowledge survey (New Zealand) was utilized to collect information from students at baseline and post-implementation after PAR intervention. The Wilcoxon Signed Test (WST) was used to investigate the significance of the median differences before and after the intervention. A p-value less than 0.05 or 0.001 was considered significant. Results: A total of 548 adolescents were sampled before the intervention. After the intervention, the sample size decreased to 503, reflecting an 8% attrition rate. PAR effectively increased HPV awareness among the participants from 80.9% before the intervention to 99.8% afterward. The PAR led to a significant change in knowledge of HPV infection and primary prevention and an increase in perception of HPV primary prevention. decrease in misconceptions and risky sexual behaviours, increase in HIV screening tests, and increase in the willingness of participants to uptake the HPV vaccine. Among the measures of risky sexual behaviours was a decreased perception that having more than one sexual partner is not a risk factor for HPV after the PAR intervention. The number of participants in sexual relationships decreased from 84 (16.7%) at baseline to 37 (7.4%) post-implementation. The PAR also led to a decrease in the number of participants who reported having STDs. The Wilcoxon Signed test was further disaggregated based on sex (male and female), school funding type (public and private), and school class level (junior and senior). Conclusions: PAR led to a significant increase in awareness and knowledge of HPV, knowledge of different aspects of HPV infection, and willingness to uptake the HPV vaccine. Additionally, the study has provided evidence that PAR interventions can be a viable tool in delaying sexual initiation and reducing sexual behavioural tendencies, especially in high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various forms of participatory action research (PAR) have in the past decades gained prominence in practice-oriented scholarship in pursuit of human liberatory causes. But this strand of research remains much less visible in the mainstream publications of nonprofit research. This article discusses PAR in relation to its concept, philosophy, methods, processes, validity and ethics. Then, it assesses its application in nonprofit settings, using examples from the authors' experiences and the literature. The article then considers the prospects of using PAR in nonprofit research and makes a few suggestions for nonprofit practitioners and researchers interested in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and shifts to virtual learning drastically altered school environments, often leaving students without a say in the many changes happening in their lives. To understand how diverse adolescents experienced their school's climate during the COVID-19 pandemic and elevate youth voice in school decisions, we conducted a youth-participatory action research project in collaboration with a Title 1 middle school in California. Fourteen students participated in this YPAR study—mostly students of color. This mixed-methods study utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative sources included meeting transcripts and chat logs, field notes, and responses to open-ended survey questions, all of which were coded inductively. Quantitative data sources included pre- and post-surveys on students' feelings of belonging, mattering, empowerment, and perceptions of school climate, which were compared via paired sample t -tests. Students sought to improve one of the few shared experiences of school during the pandemic, the school lunch, and showed increased feelings of empowerment and mattering over the course of the project. These findings provide insight into students' experiences of school climate during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as offer implications for both practitioners and researchers on the importance of including youth voice in the issues that impact their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prisons are stressful environments for both people living and working in them. Extant literature suggests that correctional staff have increased stress levels that lead to compromised physical health, mental health, social relationships, and increased emotional strain. This article reports on a project utilizing a modified Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to understand the mechanisms that lead to increased stress levels among correctional officers who reported working overtime. The analysis utilizes organizational justice and social comparison frameworks to explore predictors of individual levels of stress among correctional officers working overtime in a Delaware prison. The findings indicate that individual-level stress spreads through perceptions of coworker's stress and is inversely related to perceived levels of organizational justice. This analysis is useful to prison administrators, leadership, in suggesting avenues to improve the climate of correctional environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prison reform in Colorado has been halting, despite political and cultural conditions that are broadly conducive to making meaningful changes to correctional policies and practices. These conditions led to Colorado being chosen for the Prison Research and Innovation Network—a five-state consortium given funding to engineer change in one facility in each state through an action research process using community-based participatory methods. This article describes findings from the action research process in Sterling Correctional Facility—the selected project site in Colorado. The management, the staff, and the people incarcerated in this facility have generally welcomed reform efforts, but change has occurred slowly and with less effect than expected. Using an engaged participant observation approach, along with survey and in-depth interview data collected during the research process, we map the ecology of facility-level change and how local conditions have shaped the pace and reach of innovation efforts. We offer recommendations related to the reality of state-level and facility-level prison reform, especially around the need to deeply understand and be responsive to the cultural, political, and institutional environments in which change is expected to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was part of a 5-year Prison Research and Innovation Network (PRIN) project to explore the shared perceptions of the prison climate among incarcerated women. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) was used to partner with incarcerated women as equal partners in the project. Focus group interviews were conducted with the incarcerated women in the fall of 2020. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify incarcerated women's perceptions of prison climate in the correctional facility. An item pool was developed from the themes identified, and a new prison climate survey was administered to 436 incarcerated women. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relationship between prison activity, correctional practices, and preparedness for re-entry. The results indicated the importance of prison activities, as incarcerated women who reported that the prison offers sufficient activities were more likely to feel supported and had a more positive view of the board of parole, which were in turn associated with preparedness for re-entry. Policies targeted toward creating prison activities and programs for re-entry should become a priority for prison leadership and the department of corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project sought to understand the present-day experiences of individuals housed in prisons by utilizing Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods that partnered a university research team with individuals incarcerated in an urban correctional facility. The team assessed perceptions of the current environment by surveying people incarcerated in an urban prison. This article discusses the role of PAR methodologies from project initiation to finalization, explicitly focusing on coordination with prison and Department of Correction (DOC) administrative leadership and the value of including incarcerated individuals on the research team for successful change. Throughout the process, the team identified areas for improvement and innovations to improve the prison environment. This article provides a road map, lessons learned from conducting PAR in prison environments, and the power of partnering researchers and members of the researched population on one collaborative research team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes dovetailing the concept of youth-adult partnership with youth participatory action research to generate a methodology of youth-adult participatory action research. Within contemporary education, deficit-oriented discourses of hopelessness and demoralisation among 'at risk' young people and their teachers, particularly those in marginalised and/or high poverty communities, pervade the literature. However, scholarship suggests that negative emotions do not tend to stem from a sense of hopelessness but one of uncertainty, which is typically caused by a lack of accurate information and thus provides a starting point for investigations through integrating reason and emotion. Embedded in Fraser's conceptualisation of justice as parity of participation, coupled with Freire's notion of intergenerational dialogue and a critical-democratic conceptualisation of engagement, youth-adult participatory action research seeks to generate communities of praxis in which students, teachers and researchers form explicit tripartite partnerships as co-investigators and co-learners. As they jointly explore their shared concerns, the members of the community mobilise their collective power and agency to co-design context-specific solutions and in so doing, transform the negative emotion and disenfranchisement stemming from uncertainty into a critical hope for more optimistic futures than those alluded to by the 'at risk' and 'disengaged' policy tags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers transformative education in prison as a tool to address cartel violence in Mexico. It begins by examining how the rise of democracy in Mexico is partially responsible for the expansion of organized crime. Data from a participatory action research project with twelve men incarcerated for cartel-related crimes is then used to explore the violence plaguing Mexico. Results emphasize the relevance of structural disparities and stigma as sociocultural barriers that favor the empowerment of organized crime. The article closes with reflections regarding the challenges for prison education in a country where cartels have significant control over the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent transformations in the political economy of housing—particularly the corporatisation, concentration, and financialisation of landlording—paradoxically intensify both the atomisation of the tenant experience and the potential for organised tenants to exercise structural power. This potential collective power, however, is not self‐actualising. Building on two years of participatory action research and one year of operational data from the California‐based Tenant Power Toolkit (TPT), we attempt to address this conjunctural possibility. We conceptualise tenants as debtors and identify new solidarities emerging from a pandemic era landscape which has left many tenants, particularly Black tenants, deeply indebted to national corporate landlords. We discuss the TPT as a piece of legal mutual aid which both responds to the immediate imperatives of combatting eviction within the existing landscape, and we argue, helps provide the basis for advancing the work of tenant organising across scales and geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this longitudinal qualitative study, we examined how 23 undocumented college students with and without DACA navigated the college graduation process and transitioned out of higher education. Despite the growing number of undocumented students with and without DACA enrolling and graduating from college over the past 10 years, few studies have been conducted about this significant life event that can involve numerous new challenges and opportunities for them. We used Schlossberg's (2008) transition theory to design the study and analyze our data. We found that undocumented students with and without DACA perceived their transition out of higher education as an expected change with unanticipated conditions and non-events out of their control. Surprisingly, the data showed that having DACA did not translate into more stability for participants at the time of graduation. The uncertainty connected to participants' immigration status, coupled with the ambiguous sociopolitical climate and the COVID-19 pandemic, continuously created unpredictable situations that clouded their ability to navigate the changes with confidence. In this article we present our findings through two in-depth participant narratives to bolster humanizing and counterstorytelling practices in higher education scholarship. We offer implication for research, policy, and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Networked technologies and device use have become a significant source of conflict between parents and their children, negatively affecting family cohesion and wellbeing. Drawing on the findings of a participatory action research project which consisted of family workshops designed to discuss, and ultimately reduce, family digital conflict, this article explores the main sources of digital conflict amongst Australian families. Four main causes of digital conflict were reported by parents and their children: the amount of time that young people spend online and the subsequent displacement of other tasks considered by parents as more worthwhile; "inappropriate" content; the perceived effects of digital media use on children's behaviour, and sibling conflict. Findings also revealed differing perspectives and knowledges about the value of digital technologies between parents and children which contributed to family conflict. The findings point towards a greater need for interventions which facilitate a more democratic approach to digital parenting, premised upon parental listening, negotiation, and mutual understanding. Impact Summary: Prior state of knowledge: A number of international studies show that networked technologies are a significant source of family conflict and affect family relationships and dynamics in various ways. Novel contribution: This study explores this topic from the Australian perspective. It also contributes to prior research by exploring parent and child knowledges and perspectives and how the divergence in these knowledges and perspectives contribute to family conflict. Practical implications: This study has implications for online safety providers and policymakers. It points to a greater need for online safety interventions, policies and resource that facilitate family discussion, parental listening and mutual understanding about media use to reduce family conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Discussion Major knowledge and practice gaps exist in aged care home services to support independence of older people with dementia. This research evaluates an adaptation of a community‐based rehabilitation model for care homes, namely Interdisciplinary Care Home‐bAsed Reablement Program (I‐CHARP), by examining whether (and, if so, how) I‐CHARP produces its intended effects and how this programme can be practicably implemented, sustained and scaled up across care homes in Australia.I‐CHARP is a 4‐month bio‐behavioural‐environmental rehabilitation model of care, integrated in care home services, supported through the deployment of an implementation strategy, the Research Enabled Aged Care Homes (REACH) network. It consists of (1) 8–12 full individual sessions and additional eight brief follow‐ups per resident, tailored to the resident's needs, delivered primarily by a team of an occupational therapist, registered nurse and other allied health staff; (2) environmental modifications/assistive devices up to the value of $400 per resident; and (3) engagement of intervention care home staff, managers and regular visitors. An overarching evaluation approach is participatory action research using a cluster quasi‐experimental design and mixed methods. It involves testing of the implementation strategy (REACH network and other approaches) while observing/gathering information on the intervention (I‐CHARP) and related outcomes in three cycles. Participants include residents (aged ≥ 60 years with early stages of dementia) and care staff from 16 care homes. Care quality indicators, health care costs, field notes and semi‐structured interviews/focus groups with intervention site staff, regular visitors and managers will provide further insights into I‐CHARP processes and implementation issues.In the final phase of the project, an Agile Implementation Playbook will be developed for the delivery of reablement care that can be used in routine practice across care homes in Australia. The study findings will also inform future policy development and strategic directions for dementia care in care homes.Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12623000885695 Registered 16 August 2023, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386088.Protocol version: 1.0 dated 20 July 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke survivors face many barriers to physical activity (PA). Solving physical inactivity after stroke requires a "systems-based" approach. We aimed to develop a complex intervention targeted at improving PA after stroke in Singapore using behaviour change theory and a co-design approach involving multiple stakeholders. Methods: We carried out the intervention development in three phases: i. preparation phase, ii. co-design phase, and iii. intervention refinement phase. During the preparation phase, we conducted surveys (n = 38 stroke survivors, 71 physiotherapists and 35 exercise professionals) and interviews (n = 19 stroke survivors) to understand the factors influencing PA after stroke. The co-design phase consisted of two-co-design workshops held in August 2022 and were attended by 13 stroke survivors and 4 caregivers. Relevant domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and items in the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist guided the discussion topics in the first co-design workshop. Solution prototypes such as exercise videos, arm and leg straps and information resources were shown in the second co-design workshop to gather feedback. In the intervention refinement phase, eight healthcare professionals from various sectors participated in two virtual Zoom meetings in August 2023, and used the Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Spillover effects and Equity (APEASE) grid to rate the active ingredients in the complex intervention by considering the current healthcare landscape in terms of resources and manpower. Results: Stroke survivors and caregivers want a personalised PA program, stroke-specific PA opportunities and information resources, medical clearance, advice and help from healthcare professionals skilled in stroke care, face-to-face sessions at preferred exercise spaces, and access to adaptive equipment. A complex intervention consisting of 21 behaviour change techniques, 6 intervention functions and 8 options was developed. Conclusions: Using behaviour change theory and a co-design approach involving multiple stakeholders, a complex intervention was developed to target physical inactivity after stroke. The intervention titled MOTIVATE is currently being tested in a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We as authors represent two organizations engaged in a research-practice partnership (RPP) focused primarily on an intergenerational participatory action research project (PAR). Given the way we co-constructed our work in this partnership, we desired a co-constructed approach to evaluating the work as well. This paper uses duoethnography as a methodology to evaluate our PAR process and partnership, with a goal of examining the degree to which our work aligned with and departed from established principles of community-based research and critical participatory action research. Findings showed that our process and partnership aligned with some principles, but there is room for growth if we hope to fully support co-researchers on future PAR projects. We see the potential for duoethnography to facilitate ongoing, critical reflection and relationship building across RPPs. We also see it as a powerful mode of evaluation for RPPs because of its ability to surface insights that may get missed through more traditional evaluation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesMethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionChallenge coins have a history in the military as symbolic tokens of belonging and appreciation. Members of some agricultural communities have recently expressed interest in using a challenge coin as a caring support tool to improve mental health among farmers. The objective of this analysis is to clarify the meaning and use of a challenge coin as an upstream suicide prevention caring support tool in agricultural communities.A systematic search was performed in Google Scholar, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and PubMed following PRISMA guidelines, identifying literature available through October 2023. Thirty-five articles were included and analyzed using Rodger’s Evolutionary Method for Concept Analysis.The attributes of challenge coins include its material presence (i.e. a medallion with official insignia) and its presentation as a recognition for contributions to society and signifying belonging to a group. The antecedents of the challenge coin were achievement, rank, or proficiency related to a role in public duty and membership in an occupational group facing unique challenges. The consequences were identified as improved morale and pride and fostering belongingness, connectedness, and community. These consequences can lead to the challenge coin serving as a cue for behavior change.This concept analysis provides additional understanding of a challenge coin when used as a caring support tool, particularly in agricultural communities. The challenge coin has historically been used in a military or first responder context, but it could be expanded to other service-oriented occupations such as farming.Using a challenge coin for a mental health promotion intervention requires more community-based research to understand its efficacy in agricultural contexts. With the concept of a challenge coin clarified, a next step would be scientific efforts among mental health practitioners and industry leaders to support further development and testing of the challenge coin as a suicide prevention and caring support tool that fosters belongingness and appreciation within agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]