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The present study investigated multi-response optimization of process parameters of a new formula based on reactive resins applied on Elastane/cotton pants. Bleached samples were treated with a reserve agent based on reactive resins, then were dyed with a direct dye to impart reserve and contrast effects. The response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functions were employed to obtain simultaneous optimum settings of input parameters including liquor ratio bath, resin concentration, curing time and temperature. Different tests were carried out on the resin treated and dyed samples: color strength of the front and the back side of the pant garment, tear strength, washing, and rubbing color fastness.The main goal of this work is to propose a new solution: the application of a resin followed by a dyeing process to obtain special reserve and contrast effects on pants and to propose optimized conditions to succeed. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental values of liquor ratio bath, resin concentration, curing temperature and curing time agreed closely with the predicted values. The optimized process parameters for maximum tear strength, maximum color fastness properties and a minimum color strength of the front side of the pant garment were found to be: liquor ratio bath as 12.22:1, concentration of resin as 183 g/L, curing temperature as 140 °C and curing time as 12 min. 20 s.

Recently, natural dyes are used because these are environment-friendly, less lethal, and do not have any detrimental effect on health. For the present study, the cotton fabric and the mixed powder (pomegranate rind and turmeric rhizome) have been irradiated for (1–5) min. It has been found that 3 min is the effective exposure time for improvement in dyeing behavior of cellulosic fabric. Good color strength was observed by dyeing fabric irradiated at 65°C for 40 min in dyeing bath having pH 6. For improvements in color fastness, the optimum concentration of pre-mordant (4% copper) and post-mordant (8% chrome) was employed. It is observed that microwaves increased the color strength as well as color fastness properties of irradiated cotton using aqueous solubilized mixed extract of irradiated pomegranate rind and turmeric rhizome powder.

The present study investigated multi-response optimization of process parameters of a new formula based on reactive resins applied on Elastane/cotton pants. Bleached samples were treated with a reserve agent based on reactive resins, then were dyed with a direct dye to impart reserve and contrast effects. The response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functions were employed to obtain simultaneous optimum settings of input parameters including liquor ratio bath, resin concentration, curing time and temperature. Different tests were carried out on the resin treated and dyed samples: color strength of the front and the back side of the pant garment, tear strength, washing, and rubbing color fastness. The main goal of this work is to propose a new solution: the application of a resin followed by a dyeing process to obtain special reserve and contrast effects on pants and to propose optimized conditions to succeed. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental values of liquor ratio bath, resin concentration, curing temperature and curing time agreed closely with the predicted values. The optimized process parameters for maximum tear strength, maximum color fastness properties and a minimum color strength of the front side of the pant garment were found to be: liquor ratio bath as 12.22:1, concentration of resin as 183 g/L, curing temperature as 140 °C and curing time as 12 min. 20 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, natural dyes are used because these are environment-friendly, less lethal, and do not have any detrimental effect on health. For the present study, the cotton fabric and the mixed powder (pomegranate rind and turmeric rhizome) have been irradiated for (1–5) min. It has been found that 3 min is the effective exposure time for improvement in dyeing behavior of cellulosic fabric. Good color strength was observed by dyeing fabric irradiated at 65°C for 40 min in dyeing bath having pH 6. For improvements in color fastness, the optimum concentration of pre-mordant (4% copper) and post-mordant (8% chrome) was employed. It is observed that microwaves increased the color strength as well as color fastness properties of irradiated cotton using aqueous solubilized mixed extract of irradiated pomegranate rind and turmeric rhizome powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A medium- and low-temperature disperse dye was applied as a dyeing material for poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) fibers using a cost-effective and scalable approach. The relationship between the dyeing process and thermal or dyeing properties, such as the dye uptake percentage and color fastness properties, was systematically investigated. Interestingly, with the increase of the C. I. Disperse Red 167 concentration from 2% o.w.f. (on weight of fiber) to 5% o.w.f. and dyeing temperature, the dyed PBT fibers correspondingly gained better color strength (28.7), an indication of a suitable dye uptake of 93.15%. Furthermore, the incorporation of the dye into PBT fibers improved the decomposition temperature and melting or crystallization temperature, and the storage modulus was higher than that of undyed PBT fibers using this simple approach. Therefore, these promising results would be a significant component to enhance or regulate the significant thermal stability of PBT fibers in the dyeing field. Also, they would go a long way to support the idea that the present approach is useful for further industrialization of the dyeing process because of its low cost and suitability for a large-scale process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination of gambier liquid waste and secang wood (Caesalpinea sappan L.) can add color variations of fabric dyed with natural dyes. This research explained the effect of dyeing combination of gambir liquid waste and secang wood with different mordant method and type on the color shade and other characteristics of rayon and cotton dyed fabric. The mordant process was performed as much as 1 and 2 times using CaO, Al(2SO4)3, FeSO4 mordant and then compared without mordant treatment. The result of the dyed fabrics was evaluated the color shade, color strength (K/S), and fastness properties. The results showed that the color shade of rayon and cotton fabrics were varied. Rayon fibers had a greater affinity and absorption to the liquids waste of gambier and secang wood than in cellulose fibers. The mordant process could increase color strength (K/S) and color fastness to washing, acidic perspiration, rubbing, and light.ABSTRAKKombinasi limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang (Caesalpinea sappan L.) dapat menambah variasi warna kain yang dicelup dengan pewarna alami. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang efek pewarnaan kombinasi limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang dengan metoda dan jenis mordan yang berbeda terhadap arah warna dan karakteristik lainnnya dari kain rayon dan katun hasil celupan. Proses mordan yang digunakan adalah 1 kali dan 2 kali mordan menggunakan CaO, Al(2SO4)3, FeSO4 yang dibandingkan dengan tanpa mordan. Kain hasil pewarnaan dievaluasi arah warna, intensitas warna (K/S), dan ketahanan luntur warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arah warna kain rayon dan katun yang lebih bervariasi. Serat rayon memiliki afinitas dan penyerapan yang lebih besar terhadap zat warna limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang dibandingkan dengan serat selulosa. Proses mordan dapat meningkatkan intensitas warna (K/S) dan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, keringat asam, gosokan, dan sinar.

Background: Textile materials are susceptible to microbial attack as they provide suitable conditions for their growth. The microbes grow with normal body secretions on garments. These microbes are responsible for the weakening, brittleness, and discoloration of the substrate. Furthermore, they cause many health issues to the wearer, including dermal infection, bad odour etc. They threaten the human health as well as create tenderness in fabric., Objectives: Usually, antimicrobial textiles are prepared by applying antimicrobial finishes after dyeing, which is an expensive approach. Concerning these adversities, in the present study, a series of antimicrobial acid-azo dyes have been synthesized by incorporating antimicrobial sulphonamide moiety into the dye molecules during its synthesis., Methods: A commercially available sulphonamide-based compound, sulfadimidine Na-salt was used as a diazonium component and coupled with different aromatic amines to get desired dye molecules. Since dyeing and finishing are two separate energy-intensive processes, in the current research work, an approach to combine both processes in one step has been adopted that would be economical, timesaving, and environment friendly. Structures of the resultant dye molecules have been confirmed using different spectral techniques such as Mass spectrometry, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy., Results: Thermal stability of the synthesized dyes was also determined. These dyes have been applied to wool and nylon-6 fabrics. Their various fastness properties were examined using ISO standard methods., Conclusion: All the compounds exhibited good to excellent fastness properties. The synthesized dyes and the dyed fabrics were screened biologically against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, resulting in significant antibacterial activities., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Polyester has been widely used as an apparel and technical textile material in the form of fibers, films and plastics due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties. However, its poor surface properties have limited its end-use versatility. In this study, the surface of a polyester fabric was modified by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with oxygen under different operating conditions to improve the hydrophilicity and dyeability of the fabric. The oxygen plasma-treated polyester surfaces were exposed to different treatment times and were analyzed to investigate the changes in the morphology and chemical nature of the surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface roughness of the fabric was improved by plasma etching, which was confirmed by SEM and X-ray diffraction, as well as the increased presence of oxygen-based functional groups on the polyester fabric, which was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, resulted in an improvement in the fabric wettability. The color strength values of the oxygen plasma-treated fabric, dyed with disperse dyes at 100°C, were slightly higher than those obtained using the untreated fabric at 130°C. The surface roughness and K/S values of the treated fabric decreased as the ageing period was increased up to 42-63 days. The color fastness properties of the dyed oxygen plasma-treated fabric were excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]