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This research aims to develop a textbook Economics with a Constructivist Approach Based on the 7E Learning Cycle to Improve High School Students' Critical Thinking and Collaboration Skills. This research is a development research (Development Research) with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The development of this textbook involved 4 validators who assess the format, language and content of the textbook. Data were collected using a validation sheet instrument aimed at obtaining reviews and recommendations for the developed textbook product. Validity analysis was carried out by descriptive percentage analysis by determining the Average Percentage Score (PRS) of achievement of each component of the validated aspect. Based on data analysis from the assessment results of 4 validators, the average score (PRS) of the textbook on the format aspect was 78 (moderate), language aspect 86.67 (High), and content aspect 82.22 (High), the overall average was 82.29 (High). From the PRS results obtained, it can be concluded that the economics textbook with a constructivist approach based on the Learning Cycle 7E to improve critical thinking and collaboration skills of high school students meets the validity aspect and can be implemented in high school students' economics learning.

This study aims to develop content-differentiated science student worksheets for students of the elementary school teacher education study program, especially on the subject of the human respiratory system, and analyze its effect on student collaboration skills. This research method used research and development with the 4D model (define, design, development, and dissemination). The sample in this study was 142 2nd semester students of elementary school teacher education study program at PGRI University Yogyakarta. The data was taken through student worksheets documentation, score lists, interviews, observations, validation assessment scales, and student collaboration skills questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study used qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research results, the student worksheets products that have been developed meet the validity criteria with an overall average of 97% in the very valid category. The validity and reliability results of the student collaboration skills questionnaire for the student worksheets developed have met the valid and reliable criteria. The results of the student collaboration skills trial given to 142 students on the developed student worksheets were the order of the number of students who always carried out collaboration skills starting from the responsible aspect (79%), the respect aspect (77%), the productive work aspect (71 %), aspects show flexibility (71%), and aspects contribute actively (38%). Meanwhile, the average number of students is 22% of students at a good level in collaborating and 78% of students are very good at collaborating.

This study aims to analyze the project of Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students (P5), the role of teachers in improving P5, and the characters developed in P5 implemented by PPG-STPKat students of St. Francis Asisi Semarang. The mixed method research design was used. The probability sampling technique was used to select 14 schools for the research population. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires assessing the implementation of the P5 project and the role of teachers and analyzed using ANOVA Linearity, Linear Regression, and the F Test. Interviews were used to collect qualitative data, which was then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the simultaneous implementation of the P5 project and the role of the teacher had a high effect on student character building (99.1%). The linearity test revealed a linear relationship between P5 project implementation and learner character, with a significance value (p) of 0.000 0.05. P5 has been implemented in elementary schools, and teachers serve as role models, motivators, inspirers, and evaluators, according to qualitative findings. Students' Pancasila character profile depicts a character of faith, piety to God Almighty, and noble character. Positive aspects of mutual cooperation included improved collaboration skills and various aspects of mutual cooperation. This study's recommendations include increasing the number of meeting hours, involving a team of facilitators, and ensuring school readiness. Students must be encouraged to participate actively in the P5 project and to develop the Pancasila learner profile attitude.