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Background: Aging has a powerful impact on the quality of life in general and probably on sexual functioning. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aging on various aspects of female sexuality.Patients and Methods: One hundred and fifty women aged 60 years or older were included in this study. They were all married and free from diseases interfering with sexual activity. The tool used was a self-report questionnaire that included 29 items designed by the investigators. The privacy and anonymity of participants were ensured.Results: Coital frequency decreased with aging; 64.3% of women aged 70–74 years reported no coitus compared with 16.7% of women aged 60–64 years. The frequency of spontaneous sexual desire also decreased with aging; 40% of women aged 70–74 years reported that spontaneous sexual desire has become rare or almost never occurs compared with14.7% of women aged 60–64 years. With aging, lubrication became difficult; 60% of women aged 70–74 years find difficulty in lubrication in more than 50% of sexual encounters compared with25% of women aged 65–69 years and 26.7% of women aged 60–64 years. Dyspareunia and anorgasmia were reported by 100% of women aged 70–74 years.Conclusion: All aspects related to sexual activity declined with aging. Dyspareunia and inability to orgasm are the main complaints in older women.

Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is a multidimensional experience involving thoughts, feelings, personal and socio-cultural attitudes and beliefs, combined with biological factors. Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to assess the degree of sexual satisfaction and its predictors in a convenience sample of married Egyptian women. Materials and Methods: 302 married women were recruited for this study. The tool used was a self-report questionnaire designed by the authors with the help of the COSECON survey. The questionnaire included questions about demographic data, sexual satisfaction, sexual activities e.g. frequency of coitus, obtaining lubrication and orgasm. Results: The degree of sexual satisfaction was as follows: 57.9% highly satisfied, 22.2%%moderately satisfied and 19.9% dissatisfied. The main predictors of satisfaction were: age, coital frequency, spontaneous desire, lubrication and the ability to reach orgasm. Foreplay duration and method, duration of marriage, residence and educational level were all related to sexual satisfaction.Conclusion: Sexual medicine counselors may benefit from the present work in dealing with their female clients. Determining the degree of sexual satisfaction plus looking for its predictors are important in helping couples with a problematic sexual relation.

Short-term mobility is often associated with increased sexual risk behavior. Mobile individuals often have higher rates of sexual risk behavior compared to non-mobile individuals, but the reasons why are not clear. Using monthly retrospective panel data from 202 men and 282 women in Agbogbloshie, Ghana, we tested whether short-term mobility was associated with changes in coital frequency, and whether the association was due to the act of travel in the given month (e.g., enabling higher risk behavior), the reason for travel, or an individual’s travel propensity at other times in the year. Overnight travel specifically to visit family or friends, or for education, health, or other reasons, was associated with increased coital frequency for men. However, men with higher travel propensities had lower overall coital frequency and the act of traveling enabled more sex only for the most frequent male travelers. Men who seldom traveled had much higher coital frequency, but the act of traveling was not associated with additional sex acts. For women, travel for education, health, or other reasons increased coital frequency. Occasional female travelers had slightly more sex acts compared to non-mobile women, and the act of traveling for these women was associated with slight increases in coital frequency, supporting the enabling hypothesis. Highly mobile women had fewer sex acts per month on average. Our findings suggest that mobility characteristics measured on a broad temporal scale, as well as the reason for mobility, are important to understand the relationship between short-term mobility and sexual behavior.

Background: Low fertility persists but remains unexplained in Japan. We examined whether the probability of pregnancy was influenced by coital frequency, age, reproductive age (assessed by antim&uuml, llerian hormone, AMH), and BMI. Methods: We established a two-year prospective study with a sample of hormonally monitored Japanese women aged 23&ndash, 34 years wanting to conceive their first child. For a maximum of 24 weeks participants recorded menstrual bleeding, sexual intercourse, ovulation, and pregnancy. Additional information on pregnancy and infertility treatment was collected one and two years after intake. Results: The natural conception rate and coital frequency were both low in this sample. Among 80 participants, 44% (35) naturally conceived in 24 weeks. After two years, 74% (59) of women had delivered or were currently pregnant, 50% (40) due to natural and 24% (19) due to assisted conception, and 5% (4) were lost to follow-up. By two years, 56% (45) of women had sought fertility treatment. In 18% (58/319) of the observed ovarian cycles across 24 weeks there was no intercourse in a fertile period. Higher coital frequency at intake was associated with increased probability of conception by 24 weeks of follow-up (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.47). Chronological age, reproductive age, and BMI were not associated with the probability of pregnancy at 24 weeks. Conclusions: Our results suggest that first, natural conception rates could potentially increase with more frequent and well timed intercourse, and second that further work is needed to understand why even in a motivated sample of women monitoring their fertile periods, both the conception and coitus rates were low.

it can be used as an indicator of fertility and can be used as method of family planning. In unmarried persons it can be an indicator about the risk of having a sexually transmissible infection. Coital frequency varies in different cultures and socioeconomic standards. The current study was carried out to bridge the knowledge gap about coital frequency in a group of Egyptian married women. Factors affecting this frequency will be also looked for.Patients and Methods: The Participants of this cross-sectional study were 306 married women attending the outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospital (for reasons other than sexual councelling). A self-report questionnaire designed by the investigators was used.Results: The most common coital frequency was 2-3 times/week (64.05%). This frequency was suitable for 78.43% of participants. Husband's desire was the most important determinant of coital frequency (89.87%). The most common cause of low coital frequency was unavailability of husband (56.86%). Problems within the family (57.19%) or with the husband (82.03%) negatively affect coital frequency. Coital frequency declines with aging and long duration of marriage.Conclusion: The most common coital frequency was 2-3 times / week followed by once/ month. Advance in age and long duration of marriage were associated with a low coital frequency. Other factors affecting coital frequency were husband's unavailability , husband's ill health, husband's sexual desire, presence or absence of problems with husband or within the family.

We estimate the relationship between unmet need for contraception and coital frequency using data from the most recent Standard Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2005 to 2015. Individual-level analyses include 55 countries (n=245,732 women). The dependent variable is women's report of any sex in the last four weeks; the independent variable is current unmet need. Bivariate ecological results using country averages indicate that prevalence of unmet need is significantly negatively correlated with the proportion reporting recent sexual activity. Multivariate regression of individual-level data show that the overall odds ratio of having had sex in the last four weeks is 3.23 and 2.97 for women with met contraceptive need for spacing and limiting fertility, respectively, compared with women with unmet contraceptive need. These results suggest that current estimates of unmet need exaggerate the risk of unintended pregnancy because coital frequency is not uniform with respect to unmet need. Findings also suggest that, despite being categorized as having unmet need, many women may still be taking measures to control their fertility through regulating the tempo of marital coitus, thus reducing their risk of unintended pregnancy.

This paper investigates the associations between stress and fatigue arising from hectic lifestyles and marital coital activity in Singapore, where the fertility rate is among the lowest in the world. Using data on 657 married women’s self-reported daily coital activity collected through online diaries over 14 weeks (n = 54,600), I estimate that marital sexual frequency is 3.69 and 2.55 per 30 days on average among women aged 25-29 and 30-34 respectively, well below ideal frequencies of 6.40 and 5.23. Results from two-way logistic models show that there is a strong positive weekend effect and a positive but weaker public holiday effect, with very low probabilities of sex during the workweek among older married women. Stress has a significant inhibition effect through the week among older women, and has a stronger effect on couples who are likely to want more children. On the other hand, fatigue reduces probability of sex mainly during the workweek, and has a stronger effect on couples who have already achieved their ideal family size. The results suggest that the incompatibility between demanding work-life environments and healthy marital sex lives contributes to the decline in coital frequency with age and helps to explain the very low fertility rate in Singapore.

This paper investigates the impact of home ovulation tests on the sexual lives of Singaporean married couples. Information about time of ovulation allows couples to adjust both the volume and timing of sexual activity to maximize chances of achieving their fertility ideals. In addition, when couples’ fertility ideals diverge, behavioural changes are more likely to be aligned with wives’ ideals due to informational asymmetry. Evidence from a randomized controlled trial based on diary data collected biweekly over 14 weeks from 657 married women aged 25-34 suggests that among couples whose fertility ideals were not achieved, access to ovulation tests did not lead to a lower volume of sex. These couples were more likely to have sex on days of positive test results but did not avoid sex when results were negative. There is some support for the hypothesis that informational asymmetry favors wives’ fertility ideals. Higher access to home ovulation tests increases the probability that sexual activity falls within the fertile window among married couples who have not achieved their fertility ideals, and may reduce waiting time to pregnancy in low-fertility societies.

During pregnancy and postpartum, women in high HIV prevalence regions continue to be at high risk for acquiring HIV, due to both behavioral and biological mechanisms, despite declines in coital frequency as a pregnancy advances. We estimated differences in rates of partnership concurrency for men with and without pregnant or postpartum sexual partners. We used monthly retrospective panel data from Ghana from three perspectives: couple-level data, female reports of pregnancy and male partner concurrency, and male reports of concurrent partnerships and female partner pregnancy. Coital frequency increased during the first trimester and then declined with advancing pregnancy. However, in all three analyses, there was no compelling evidence that men with pregnant or postpartum partners had additional concurrent partnerships. Our findings suggest that even though women's sexual activity likely declines during pregnancy and postpartum, they may not be at increased risk of HIV/STI due to their partners seeking additional partnerships.

The canonical consumer demand model predicts that as the price of a substitute decreases, quantity demanded for a good decrease. In the case of demand for sexual activity and availability of alternative leisure activities, popular culture expresses this prediction as “television kills your sex life.” This paper examines the association between television ownership and coital frequency using data from nearly 4 million individuals in national household surveys in 80 countries from 5 continents. The results suggest that while television may not kill your sex life, it is associated with some sex life morbidity. Under our most conservative estimate, we find that television ownership is associated with approximately a 6 % reduction in the likelihood of having had sex in the past week, consistent with a small degree of substitutability between television viewing and sexual activity. Household wealth and reproductive health knowledge do not appear to be driving this association.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to target the infertile couples visiting to private and government hospitals in Karachi from 2012 to 2014. The aim of the study is to know the higher prevalence of infertility among the married couples and to determine the major factors causing infertility. Detailed evaluation had been made to assess each cause. Likewise, in females, we analyze menstrual history, parity, past surgical history, family history and body weight, years of marriage, complete hormonal profile and ultrasonic measurements. On the other hand, in males; we conduct complete analysis of semen, coital frequency, addiction to any substance and medical history. Overall 475 infertile couples were targeted in the study, in which 175 pairs were included, who full fills all the inclusion criteria, i.e. with complete medical investigations and excluded the remaining with incomplete reports in females and in males who denied semen evaluation. The included couples are divided into four groups in order to determine the responsibility of childlessness between the two, a) female, b) male, c) both and d) unexplained infertility. Our study concludes that in the Karachi the majority of females are responsible for unproductiveness up to 41.1% rather than the male up to 25%, whereas 16.5% both the couples are involved in it and 17% has unexplained screened problems. Moreover, our study further explores the occurrence of primary infertility which is twice, i.e. 71.1% than secondary infertility, i.e. 22.8% in Karachi city. However, the major female factor is PCOS which is observed in more than half of the females in both primary and secondary incidents. While, lower sperm count, inefficient sperm motility and higher rate of abnormal sperm are the key male factors. Link: http://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/IJEHSR/article/view/86/376

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors related to coital frequency (CF) among 254 women in their 30s using a semistructured interview to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, reproductive, clinical, and relationship data. CF was characterized as (a) never, (b) rarely (≤1 times/month), (c) occasionally (≤1 times /week), (d) regularly (2-3 times/week), or (e) frequently (>3 times/week). The mean age was 34.38 ± 0.43 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.86 ± 6.52 kg, mean family income was US$1,044.18 ± 796.19, mean number of children was 1.71 ± 0.89, and mean relationship duration was 8.87 ± 5.11 years. Eighty-seven women (35.2%) were taking hormonal contraceptives, 143 (98.0%) were employed, 239 (96.48%) had a secondary or higher education, and 9 (3.62%) had primary schooling. CF was classified as >3 times/week in 22 (8.66%), 2-3 times/week for 98 (38.58%), ≤1 times/week in 40 (15.75%), ≤1 times/month in 14 (5.51%), and never in 5 (1.97%). Women who reported having coitus >3 times/week a week had significantly higher body mass index (BMI; 32.72 ± 7.42 kg/m(2)) than those who had coitus 2-3 times/week (28.45 ± 6.76 kg/m(2)) and ≤1 times /week (26.81 ± 5.39 kg/m(2)) (p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Thus, coital frequency varies in women in their 30s. Obese women had a higher CF than normal-weight and overweight women.

Objective: To determine whether interactions between coital frequency, cervical length, and urogenital infection affect obstetric outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 268 unselected pregnant women were recruited in the study. The study population consisted of four groups of women: group 1 (n=203) screened negative for bacterial vaginosis (BV) both in the first and second trimesters; group 2 (n=18) screened negative for BV in the first trimester but positive in the second trimester; group 3 (n=33) screened positive for BV in the first trimester but negative in the second trimester; and group 4 (n=14) screened positive for BV both in the first and second trimesters. Urine culture, cervico-vaginal cultures, and bacterial vaginosis were screened between 11-14 weeks and 20-24 weeks. Results: Two hundred fifty women were eligible for analysis in the study after lost-to-follow up patients were excluded. Previous abortion ≥1 and previous preterm delivery at 24-34 weeks ≥1 were statistically significantly higher in group 2. The number of patients who were diagnosed as having preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) was statistically significantly higher in group 4. Sexual intercourse during the first trimester, cervical length during the second trimester, and history of preterm birth (PTB) were statistically significant risk factors for preterm birth

BACKGROUND: Coital dilution the reduction in the coital frequency per partner when an additional ongoing partner is added may reduce the transmission potential of partnership concurrency for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Empirical estimates of dilution especially dilution of sexual acts unprotected by condoms are needed to inform prevention research. METHODS: Sexually active adults in Accra Ghana were recruited in a multistage household probability sample. Degree (number of ongoing partners) total acts and unprotected acts were measured retrospectively for each month in the past year through an event history calendar. Random-effects negative binomial models estimated the association between degree and coital frequency. RESULTS: Compared with person-months with a single partner (monogamy) 2.06 times as many total acts and 1.94 times as many unprotected acts occurred in months with 2 partners. In months with 3 partners 2.90 times as many total acts and 2.39 times as many unprotected acts occurred compared with monogamous months. Total acts but not unprotected acts also declined with partnership duration. CONCLUSIONS: No dilution was observed for total acts with up to 3 concurrent partners but a small amount of dilution was observed for unprotected acts for months with multiple concurrencies. This suggests moderate selective condom use in months with multiple concurrencies. The implications of the observed dilution for future HIV transmission must be investigated with mathematical models.

The impact of concurrency on sexually transmitted infection transmission depends on coital frequency, condom use, duration of relationship overlap, and number of partners. Previous research has identified distinct concurrency types; however, little is known about their risk characteristics.Men (n = 261) and women (n = 275) aged 18 to 30 years at increased risk for acquiring HIV were recruited from community locations in Los Angeles. Participants completed 4 in-person interviews for 12 months. Partnership data were used to characterize the prevalence of 4 types of concurrency: transitional (2 overlapping relationships in which the first relationship ended before the second), single day (a second relationship of 1 day's duration during the course of another relationship), contained (a second relationship1 day began and ended during the course of another), and multiple (≥3 overlapping relationships). Multilevel random intercept models were used to estimate mean coital frequency, proportion of condom-protected acts, total duration of overlap, and lifetime sex partners.At baseline, 47% of male and 32% of female participants reported any type of concurrency in the previous 4 months, and 26% of men and 10% of women reported multiple concurrencies. Condom use ranged from 56% to 64%, with the highest use in transitional concurrency (61% for men, 68% for women) and the lowest in contained (52% for men, 54% for women). Coital frequency, total overlap, and lifetime sex partners also varied by concurrency type.Inconsistent condom use and repeated opportunities for exposure characterize common types of concurrency among high-risk young adults.

Objective: To determine the trends in the frequency of coital intercourse in pregnancy, the factors responsible for these changes and adaptations by couples in Sagamu, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional survey, examined the determinants of coital sexual frequency and adaptations for coitus in pregnancy among 364 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu. Results: Decline in coital frequency occurred in 51.3% of respondents; with increasing maternal age (p=0.016, 95% CI=0.013-0.017), monogamous marriage setting (p

This paper investigates the impact of wives’, husbands’, and couples’ experiences on first-birth timing in an arranged marriage society undergoing dramatic social change. Though previous research has emphasized that the transition away from arranged marriage may speed first births via mechanisms such as increased coital frequency, the nonfamily experiences closely associated with lower likelihoods of arranged marriage may delay first births through other mechanisms. Using replicated measures of nonfamily and marital experiences from both husbands and wives, the analyses presented here investigate consequences of nonfamily and marital experiences. Results reveal that role incompatibility has stronger consequences for wives than for husbands, but resource accumulation speeds first-birth timing. Additionally, results show that husbands’ experiences associated with the spread of new ideas and independence have stronger consequences on first-birth timing than those of wives’.

ObjectiveThis study examines the role of age-disparate partnerships on young women’s HIV risk by investigating coital frequency and condom use within age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingParticipants were randomly selected using a two-stage random sampling method in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between June 2014 and June 2015.ParticipantsA total of 1306 15–24-year-old women in an ongoing heterosexual partnership were included in the analysis. Participants had to be a resident in the area for 12 months, and able to provide informed consent and speak one of the local languages (Zulu or English).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSexual frequency was assessed by asking participants how many times they had sex with each partner in the past 12 months. The degree of condomless sex within partnerships was assessed in the survey by asking participants how often they used a condom with their partners.ResultsAge-disparate partnerships were associated with a higher order category (once, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, >20) of coital frequency (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.32, pConclusionThe finding that increased sexual activity is positively associated with age-disparate partnerships adds to the evidence that age-disparate partnerships pose greater HIV risk for young women. Our study results indicate that interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour within age-disparate partnerships remain relevant to reducing the high HIV incidence rates among adolescent girls and young women.

Socially imposed monogamy in humans is an evolutionary puzzle because it requires costly punishment by those who impose the norm. Moreover, most societies were—and are—polygynous; yet many larger human societies transitioned from polygyny to socially imposed monogamy beginning with the advent of agriculture and larger residential groups. We use a simulation model to explore how interactions between group size, sexually transmitted infection (STI) dynamics and social norms can explain the timing and emergence of socially imposed monogamy. Polygyny dominates when groups are too small to sustain STIs. However, in larger groups, STIs become endemic (especially in concurrent polygynist networks) and have an impact on fertility, thereby mediating multilevel selection. Punishment of polygynists improves monogamist fitness within groups by reducing their STI exposure, and between groups by enabling punishing monogamist groups to outcompete polygynists. This suggests pathways for the emergence of socially imposed monogamy, and enriches our understanding of costly punishment evolution., Many human societies transitioned from polygyny to socially imposed monogamy as group sizes increased. Using a simulation model, the authors show that sexually transmitted infections impose heavier fitness penalties on polygynists as group size grows, enabling monogamists who punish polygyny to thrive in large groups.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annus (H. annus) on the fecundity of Wistar rats.MethodsForty (20 male and 20 female) Wistar rats, grouped into control, ethanol extract treated rats and untreated, were used for the study. Treated rats had 0.5 g/kg of ethanol extract orally for 2 weeks; control rats had 5% alcoholic water (solvent); and untreated rats had their normal feed and clean drinking water. Following treatment, the animals were sub-grouped into 5 mating groups to observe the coital frequency, pregnancy rate and average number of pups per group in pairs.ResultsThe results showed that coital frequency was unaffected by the extract treatment but pregnancy rate and number of pups per rat and per group were reduced significantly in groups II, III and IV compared to those of group I and V rats which were not treated with the ethanol extract of leaves of H. annus.ConclusionsThe histo-degenerative in the gonads reportedly induced by this ethanol extract in previous studies may be responsible for the reduced fecundity observed in treated adult rats.