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The article discusses periodontal and implant surgery, which refers to a refinement of a surgical technique by which normal vision is enhanced through magnification. Topics include technical advantages of utilizing the operating microscope (OM) in periodontics, one of the main indications for periodontal and implant-related surgery, and concern on adopting a microsurgical approach.

Insomnia treatment among individuals with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea is suboptimal. In a pilot randomized controlled trial, 19 individuals with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea were allocated to one of two arms: EX + EX, consisting of two 8-week phases of exercise training (EX), or RE + CBTiEX, encompassing 8 weeks of relaxation training (RE) followed by 8 weeks of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise (CBTiEX). Outcomes included Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), polysomnography, and cardiorespiratory fitness measures. A mixed-model analysis of variance revealed a Group × Time interaction on peak oxygen consumption change, F(1, 14) = 10.1, p =.007, and EX increased peak oxygen consumption (p =.03, g′ = −0.41) and reduced ISI (p =.001, g′ = 0.82) compared with RE (p =.49, g = 0.16) post-8 weeks. Post-16 weeks, there was a significant Group × Time interaction (p =.014) driven by RE + CBTiEX yielding a larger improvement in ISI (p =.023, g′ = 1.48) than EX + EX (p =.88, g′ < 0.1). Objective sleep was unchanged. This study showed promising effects of regular EX alone and combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia on ISI in comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive-behavioral therapies and related approaches are highly prevalent within sport psychology practice. Traditionally, these approaches are delivered across interventions comprising multiple sessions. However, in the fast-paced environments in which many applied sport psychologists operate, practitioners are sometimes required to provide fast, effective, and impactful interventions to athletes at their point of need within a single session. Single-session integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy presents a potentially effective approach for practice wherein time is often at a premium, and there is frequently pressure to make an impact quickly to improve performance. In this article, we put forward a stimulus piece that contextualizes single-session integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy and overviews how sport psychology practitioners may use such techniques with athletes. We also put forth a call for more practitioners to report more idiographic case studies that feature the use of brief or single-session interventions to further build the evidence base for such approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Why Has Nobody Told Me This Before?" by Julie Smith is a book that addresses the increasing incidents of mental health issues among students, faculty, and staff at universities, particularly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The book aims to provide practical advice and concepts to individuals who may not have access to psychotherapy or mental health services. It covers various topics such as sleep, diet, exercise, motivation, emotional pain, grief, self-doubt, fear, and stress, offering a balanced approach between resilience and self-compassion. The book's accessible tone and structure make it a useful resource for both faculty and students in managing mental health and well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has demonstrated efficacy for both insomnia and depression. With a tenfold increase in expected participant numbers, we aimed to update the systematic review and meta-analysis of CBT-I for major depressive disorders (MDD). Multiple databases were searched up to March 27th 2024 to include all randomized controlled trials examining CBT-I among adults with MDD. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. The primary outcome was depression response at post-treatment. Secondary outcomes included insomnia remission and all-cause dropout at post-treatment. Frequentist random-effects pairwise meta-analyses were performed using odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous outcomes. This study was prospectively registered (https://osf.io/kcndz/). Nineteen trials with 4808 randomized participants were identified (mean age, 33.2 [standardized deviation 15.0] years, 73.2 % women. Mean Insomnia Severity Index 19.2 [5.4], median Patient Health Questionnaire-9 16 [range, 8–21]). CBT-I was more beneficial than control conditions for depression response (OR 2.28 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI), 1.67–3.12; GRADE certainty of evidence: moderate), insomnia remission (OR 3.57 [95%CI, 2.48–5.14]: moderate) but could lead to more dropout (OR 1.69 [95%CI, 0.98–2.89]: low). Depression improvement was seen beyond the sleep domain. With a control condition depression response rate of 17 % at post-treatment (median 8 weeks), CBT-I yielded a 32 % response rate (95 % CI, 26 %–39 %). This meta-analysis indicates that CBT-I has significant effects on depressive symptoms beyond the sleep domain among people with MDD. Despite higher dropout rates, these findings suggest CBT-I is an effective treatment for depression comorbid with insomnia. • We conducted a meta-analysis of CBT-I for depression including 4808 participants. • CBT-I was more beneficial than controls for depression beyond the sleep domain. • With a control depression response rate of 17 %, CBT-I yielded a 32 % response rate. • CBT-I is an effective treatment option for depression comorbid with insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reward sensitivity is a central maintaining factor of depression. Current treatments fail at sufficiently and reliably modifying reward processing. Therefore, we employed interventions targeting reward sensitivity and evaluated the long-term efficacy of different online interventions, additionally exploring predictors of changes in reward sensitivity. This four-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested the long-term stability of treatment effects during a four-month follow-up in 127 participants of a two-week online intervention (behavioral activation vs. mindfulness and gratitude vs. combination of both). In addition, we investigated predictors of treatment success defined as improvement in reward sensitivity. Predictors we investigated were depressive expectations, stress and the type of reward implemented in the exercises of the intervention (physical activities and social encounters). The improvement concerning reward sensitivity, as well as the reduction of anhedonia and depressive symptoms was stable over a four-month follow-up. We did not find evidence for differences between the active intervention groups. Positive changes in depressive expectations were a significant predictor of long-term improvements in reward sensitivity. Only self-report measures were used and the interpretation of the long-term efficacy of the online interventions is limited since the waitlist control condition was not extended to the follow-up. Clinicians should focus on violating depressive expectations to facilitate updating the prediction and anticipation of future rewarding experiences. This could be a vital mechanism of change in reward sensitivity. However, future research still needs to unravel what kind of interventions are most effective in targeting reward insensitivity. • Effects of online interventions on reward sensitivity are stable over time. • Behavioral activation and mindfulness do not differ in long-term efficacy. • Changes in depressive expectations predict improvements in reward sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a risk factor for developing and maintaining depression. It is unclear whether CM influences the effect of treatments for depression. This study examined CM's predictor and moderator effect in Behavioral Activation (BA) and Metacognitive Therapy (MCT). CM was analyzed in a trial comparing a six months treatment program of either BA or MCT for 122 outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Depression was assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24). CM was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Linear mixed models showed no predictor or moderator effects for the CTQ total score (all p >.58) but revealed a moderator effect for 'sexual abuse' on the reduction of depressive symptoms (β = 10.98, SE = 4.48, p =.015) indicating that patients with experiences of childhood sexual abuse benefited more from BA. There also was a predictor effect for 'physical neglect' (β = −3.35, SE = 1.70, p =.049): patients without the experience of physical neglect benefited more from treatment regardless of condition. Exploratory analyses indicated no predictor or moderator effects for the onset or persistence of depression, comorbid anxiety disorders or Cluster-C PDs (all p >.28). Limitations include small sample sizes for some of the subsamples. Childhood sexual abuse seems to moderate treatment effectiveness in a sample of severely affected outpatients with MDD treated with MCT or BA. If confirmed in further trials, a history of sexual abuse might guide the choice between MCT and BA. German Clinical Trials Register DRKS-ID: DRKS00011536 (retrospectively registered on February 13, 2017, without changes to the study protocol). • Childhood maltreatment is common in patients with major depressive disorder. • The impact of childhood maltreatment on treatment outcomes is unclear. • Patients who were sexually abused in childhood benefited more from BA, patients without such experiences more from MCT. • Patients without experience of childhood physical neglect benefited more from treatment regardless of condition. • Knowing which type of therapy is best for which patient may help improve treatment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most youth experiencing anxiety/depression lack access to evidence-based mental health practices (EBPs). School-delivered care improves access, and various support can help school professionals (SPs; school social workers, counselors) deliver EBPs, like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Understanding implementation strategies' impact on downstream mental health outcomes is crucial to scaling up EBPs to address the treatment gap, but it has rarely been assessed. This paper compares implementation strategies' impact on change in student outcomes, collected as exploratory outcomes from a type III hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial. A clustered, sequential, multiple-assignment randomized trial design was used, which embedded four implementation supports that differentially sequence three implementation strategies, Replicating Effective Programs (REP), Coaching, and Facilitation. Prior to the first randomization, N = 169 SPs from 94 Michigan high schools each identified up to 10 students whom they believed could benefit from CBT and facilitated student survey completion. Changes in students' depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, modified for teens) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) over 10 months were compared across the four sequences of implementation support using a generalization of a marginal, weighted least squares approach developed for a clustered SMARTs. Small, non-clinically significant reductions in symptoms over the study period were found. Pairwise comparisons found no significant differences in symptom change across the four implementation strategies. The difference in the estimated mean PHQ-9T/GAD-7 scores between the least and the most intensive strategies (REP vs. REP+Coaching+Facilitation) was 1.04 (95%CI = −0.95, 3.04) for depression and 0.82 (95%CI = −0.89, 2.52) for anxiety. No difference in symptom change was found across the four implementation strategies. Multiple forms of implementation support may be useful for improving student mental health outcomes. NCT03541317 —Registered on 29 May 2018 on ClinicalTrials.gov PRS. • This paper examined the exploratory student-level outcomes from an optimization trial, the Adaptive School-based Implementation of CBT (ASIC) Study, that used a clustered, sequential multiple-assignment, randomized trial (SMART) design. • This paper focused on comparing four implementation supports for school professionals (SPs)' school-based delivery of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which differentially sequence three implementation strategies (Replicating Effective Programs, Coaching, and Facilitation), on downstream student mental health outcomes. • No significant differences were found between the four sequences of support, which varied in intensity and adaptive nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the comparative effectiveness of group and individual cognitive therapy interventions in reducing anti-social behaviors and enhancing responsibility among adolescents. Methods and Materials: Forty-five male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from Sari, Iran, were randomly assigned to group cognitive therapy, individual cognitive therapy, or a control group. Participants completed pre-test and posttest assessments of anti-social behaviors and responsibility using standardized measures. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and pairwise comparison t-tests were conducted to evaluate treatment effects. Findings: Both group and individual cognitive therapy interventions yielded significant reductions in anti-social behaviors (Group CT: M_pre = 26.35, M_post = 19.65; Individual CT: M_pre = 25.80, M_post = 18.90) and increases in responsibility (Group CT: M_pre = 30.10, M_post = 35.25; Individual CT: M_pre = 29.85, M_post = 35.60) from pre-test to post-test (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison t-tests indicated significant differences between intervention groups and the control group in both outcome variables (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that both group and individual cognitive therapy interventions are effective in addressing anti-social behaviors and promoting responsibility among adolescents. These results underscore the potential of cognitive therapy approaches to improve behavioral functioning and enhance adolescents' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Schema Therapy in improving adaptive behavior among individuals with substance use disorder. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The study sample consisted of 45 individuals with substance use disorders, who were randomly assigned to three groups: a CBT group, a Schema Therapy group, and a control group. Participants underwent 12 sessions of CBT or 15 sessions of Schema Therapy. Data were collected using the Bell Adjustment Inventory, which assessed various components of adaptive behavior, including family, health (physical), emotional, occupational, and social aspects. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests to determine the differences between groups at posttest and follow-up stages. Findings: The results demonstrated that CBT significantly improved adaptive behavior compared to the control group at both the posttest and follow-up stages, with a 1.79-point increase in the posttest and a 2.05-point increase in the followup. Schema Therapy did not show a significant difference compared to the control group in either stage. Additionally, CBT was found to be more effective than Schema Therapy in improving adaptive behavior, with a 1.57-point increase at the posttest and a 1.81-point increase at the follow-up. The improvement was significant across various components, including family, emotional, and occupational aspects, particularly in the CBT group. Conclusion: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was more effective than Schema Therapy in enhancing adaptive behavior in individuals with substance use disorders. The study suggests that CBT could be a valuable intervention for improving adaptive behaviors and reducing negative emotional responses in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Persistent pain is the biggest global cause of years lived with disability. Physiotherapists working in pain care aim to take a holistic perspective helping persons to gain a multidimensional understanding of their condition and achieve meaningful goals despite their symptoms. In recent years there has been a paradigm shift in physiotherapeutic pain care toward a psychologically informed physiotherapy approach. Physiotherapists have incorporated principles of strategies such as: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); psychological flexibility; or mindfulness-based therapies in helping persons move forwards despite their pain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of physiotherapists using psychological strategies in pain care. Methods: Seven participants were purposefully recruited for this study and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methods were used to analyze the data. Master themes were developed to help express the qualitative meanings of the lived experiences. Findings: Seven master themes were identified: 1) Trust; 2) Active listening; 3) Developing understanding; 4) Exploring the journey; 5) Making it meaningful; 6) Being held; and 7) Holding space and sitting with emotions. All themes are interwoven and profoundly connected in the essence of a safe "space." Conclusion: Participants described a journey toward holding space and sitting with emotions. All themes were interwoven and profoundly connected in the essence of a safe "space," where persons can voice their emotions in a non-judgmental environment. The themes may represent a pathway for the physiotherapist to facilitate a person on their journey of healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that can become chronic and debilitating when left untreated. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments for PTSD among adults are individual trauma-focused psychotherapies. Other evidence-based treatments include specific antidepressant medications and non-trauma-focused psychotherapies. Despite the effectiveness of these available treatments, many patients' symptoms do not remit. This has led to the search for novel treatments for PTSD. In this review, the authors critically evaluate the data supporting several emerging pharmacological and other somatic interventions in the categories of medication-assisted psychotherapy, novel medication monotherapy strategies, and neuromodulation, selected because of the salience of their mechanisms of action to the pathophysiology of PTSD (e.g., MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, ketamine, cannabidiol, transcranial magnetic stimulation). The authors also evaluate the evidence for treatments that are the focus of increasing scientific or public interest (i.e., hyperbaric oxygen therapy, stellate ganglion block, neurofeedback). To date, the evidence supporting most novel pharmacological and somatic treatments for PTSD is preliminary and highly variable; however, the data for several specific treatments, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, are encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The outcomes of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for distressing voices and their measurement have mostly been determined by professionals, with little focus on the outcomes that matter to people who hear voices. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore views about the outcomes of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for distressing voices from the perspectives of lived and professional experience. Methods: Fifteen service users and fourteen practitioners were recruited from mental health services. Semi-structured interview schedules were used to guide individual interviews with service users and focus groups with practitioners. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was applied to generate themes. Results: Four themes were identified: "I want what I can't have", "Feeling empowered", "Understanding and managing my emotions", and "Doing more of what I want to do". Two themes contained sub-themes. Discussion: Valued outcomes by service users and practitioners appeared to reflect changes in voice characteristics, improvements in self-confidence and self-respect, acceptance of voices, understanding and managing emotions and personal outcomes. Findings suggest discrepancies between service users' and practitioners' priorities in regard to changes in voice characteristics and understanding and managing negative emotions. Recommendations include a greater focus on managing emotions by practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hoarding disorder (HD) is maintained by maladaptive beliefs about possessions, and recent research has demonstrated that changes in these beliefs partially mediate improvement in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for hoarding. It is not yet known whether changes in neural activity, particularly when discarding possessions, are associated with cognitive change during CBT for HD. Adults who completed group CBT for HD (N = 58) participated in a simulated discarding task before and after CBT. Neural activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as participants made simulated discarding decisions. At baseline, activity in the left middle insula and left anterior cingulate cortex was significantly associated with hoarding-related beliefs. After receiving CBT for HD, decreases in maladaptive hoarding-related beliefs were significantly associated with increased activity compared to baseline in the right anterior ventral insula, along the left middle frontal gyrus and bilateral inferior temporal lobe, and in visuospatial areas. These results demonstrate that maladaptive beliefs in HD are associated with activation of specific neural regions during discarding decisions and that reduction in beliefs over a course of CBT for HD is associated with specific changes in neural activity. • Cognitive change partially mediates symptom improvement during CBT for hoarding. • Maladaptive beliefs are associated with hoarders' brain activity while discarding. • As Beliefs change during CBT, task-related activity in key brain regions changes. • In particular, the insula is a primary target for further study on belief change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Both aerobic exercise and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) improve depression, but perceptions of their credibility and efficacy are underexplored. These perceptions can contribute to treatment seeking and outcome. A previous online sample ranging in age and education rated a combined treatment higher than individual components and underestimated their efficacy. The current study is a replication exclusively focused on college students. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 260) participated during the 2021–2022 school year. Methods: Students reported impressions of each treatment's credibility, efficacy, difficulty, and recovery rate. Results: Students viewed combined therapy as potentially better, but also more difficult, and underestimated recovery rates, replicating previous work. Their efficacy ratings significantly underestimated both meta-analytic estimates and the previous sample's perceptions. Conclusions: Consistent underestimation of treatment effectiveness suggests that realistic education could prove especially beneficial. Students might be more willing than the broader population to accept exercise as a treatment or adjunct for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The systematic aggregation of research on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) needs an update. Although meta-analyses evaluating interventions typically focus on symptom reduction, they should also consider indicators of treatment acceptability, e.g., drop-out rates. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CBT in adults with CFS compared to inactive and non-specific control groups were included. First, efficacy was examined, considering fatigue, depression, anxiety, and perceived health. Secondly, drop-out rates through different trial stages were analyzed: Non-completion of all mandatory sessions, drop-out (primary study definition), treatment refusal (non-starters), and average of sessions completed. Result: We included 15 RCTs with 2015 participants. CBT was more effective than controls in fatigue (g = -0.52, 95%CI -0.69 to -0.35), perceived health, depression, and anxiety at post-treatment. At long-term follow-up the effects were maintained for fatigue and anxiety. Rates of non-completion (22%, 95%CI 3–71), drop-out (15%, 95%CI 9–25), and treatment refusal (7%, 95%CI 3–15) were relatively low, with a high average proportion of sessions completed. Total time of therapy moderated the effect on fatigue, while the number of sessions moderated the effect on perceived health. Fatigue severity influenced adherence. Conclusion: The results indicate that CBT for CFS is effective in reducing fatigue, fatigue related impairment, and severity of depression and anxiety. Conclusions on efficacy at follow-ups are still limited. However, adherence is high in CBT. The results may help to inform clinical practice. Future research should focus on examining the maintenance of effects, while also emphasizing the importance of treatment acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that economic problems can cause psychological stress, and that psychological stress causes physiological changes often linked to disease. Here we report a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on physiological effects of psychological treatment for individuals with economic problems. Of 5071 papers in our initial PsycInfo search, we identified 16 papers on physiological effects for psychological treatment of the economically stressed. We found 11 controlled studies, among which we found a small to moderate significant effect size, Hedges' g = 0.319, p < 0.001. The largest effect sizes were found for heart rate variability and measures of inflammation, and the smallest for measures involving cortisol. The studies were all on chronically poor populations, thus restricting generalization to other financially stressed populations such as students, athletes in training, and those stressed by relative deprivation compared with neighbors or other reference groups. None of the studies examined effects of these psychophysiological changes on disease susceptibility, and none included elements of financial planning. The nascent field of financial psychophysiology calls for more research in these areas. Even so, results suggest that financially stressed people can benefit physiologically from psychological stress management methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Key mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in the general population encompass changing sleep‐related beliefs and behaviours. In a population with acquired brain injury, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is effective as well, but little is known about the mechanisms of change. The aim of this study was to evaluate how changing sleep‐related beliefs and behaviours were associated with improvement in insomnia following blended cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in a population with acquired brain injury. A secondary analysis was performed on data of a randomized–controlled trial, including 24 participants that received blended cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, and 24 participants that received treatment as usual. Results showed that following blended cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, significantly more participants improved on dysfunctional beliefs and sleep‐related behaviours and this was associated to improvement in insomnia severity. For sleep‐related behaviours, the association between improvement on behaviour and improvement on insomnia was significantly moderated by blended cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. However, the relation between dysfunctional beliefs and insomnia was not moderated by type of treatment. Similar results were found for acquired brain injury‐adapted versions of the questionnaires in which up to half of the items were excluded as they could be regarded as not dysfunctional for people with acquired brain injury. These results show that improvement on insomnia severity is related to improvement in dysfunctional beliefs and behaviours, and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia efficacy may be moderated by the improvement in behaviours in particular. A focus on these behaviours can enhance treatment efficacy, but caution is needed regarding the behaviours that may reflect adequate coping with the consequences of the acquired brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Insomnia is a primary symptom of shift work disorder, yet it remains undertreated. This randomised‐controlled pilot trial examined the efficacy of a digital, guided cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia adapted to shift work (SleepCare) in nurses with shift work disorder. The hypothesis was that SleepCare reduces insomnia severity compared with a waitlist control condition. A total of 46 unmedicated nurses suffering from shift work disorder with insomnia (age: 39.7 ± 12.1 years; 80.4% female) were randomised to the SleepCare group or the waitlist control group. The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index. Other questionnaires on sleep, mental health and occupational functioning, sleep diary data and actigraphy data were analysed as secondary outcomes. Assessments were conducted before (T0), after the intervention/waitlist period (T1), and 6 months after treatment completion (T2). The SleepCare group showed a significant reduction in insomnia severity from T0 to T1 compared with the control condition (β = −4.73, SE = 1.12, p < 0.001). Significant improvements were observed in sleepiness, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre‐sleep arousal, sleep effort, self‐reported sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency. No significant effect was found in actigraphy data. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, cognitive irritation and work ability improved significantly. Overall, satisfaction and engagement with the intervention was high. SleepCare improved insomnia severity, sleep, mental health and occupational functioning. This is the first randomised‐controlled trial investigating the efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in a population suffering from shift work disorder with insomnia. Future research should further explore these effects with larger sample sizes and active control conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Sleep restriction therapy is a behavioural component within cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and is an effective standalone treatment for insomnia, but its effect on depressive symptoms remains unclear. This review aimed to synthesise and evaluate the impact of single‐component sleep restriction therapy on depressive symptoms relative to a control intervention. We searched electronic databases and sleep‐related journals for randomised controlled trials and uncontrolled clinical trials, published from 1 January 1986 until 19 August 2023, that delivered sleep restriction therapy to adults with insomnia. Random‐effects meta‐analysis of standardised mean differences and Cochrane risk of bias assessment were performed on randomised controlled trials, while uncontrolled clinical trials were discussed narratively. The meta‐analysis was pre‐registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020191803). We identified seven randomised controlled trials (N = 1102) and two uncontrolled clinical trials (N = 22). Findings suggest that sleep restriction therapy is associated with a medium effect for improvement in depressive symptoms at post‐treatment (Nc = 6, g = −0.45 [95% confidence interval = −0.70 to −0.21], p < 0.001) and a small effect at follow‐up (Nc = 4, g = −0.31 [95% confidence interval = −0.45 to −0.16], p < 0.001). Five of the seven included randomised controlled trials were judged to have a high risk of bias. Standalone sleep restriction therapy appears to be efficacious for improving depressive symptoms at post‐treatment and follow‐up. However, conclusions are tentative due to the small number of trials and because none of the trials was performed in a population with clinically defined depression. Large‐scale trials are needed to test the effect of sleep restriction therapy in patients experiencing depression and insomnia. Findings also highlight the need to improve the standardisation and reporting of sleep restriction therapy procedures, and to design studies with more rigorous control arms to reduce potential bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Memory difficulties after brain injury are a frequent and concerning outcome, affecting a wide range of daily activities, employment, and social reintegration. Despite the importance of functional memory capacities throughout life, most studies examined the short-term effects of memory interventions in brain-damaged patients who underwent a rehabilitation program. In the present study, we investigated the long-term outcomes and intensity of memory interventions in acquired (traumatic brain injury [TBI] and non-TBI) brain-damaged patients who participated in an intensive cognitive rehabilitation program and either suffered or did not suffer from memory impairments. Method We measured pre-post-treatment memory performance of patiients (N  = 24) suffering from memory deficits in four common and validated memory tasks (e.g. ROCFT). We compared them to other acquired brain injury patients treated at the same rehabilitation facility who did not suffer from memory impairments (N  = 16). Results Patients with memory deficits showed long-term improvements in three out of four tasks, while patients without memory deficits showed memory enhancements in only one task. In addition, rehabilitation intensity and type of brain damage predicted the extent of the memory change over time. Discussion Long-term improvements in objective memory measures can be observed in patients suffering from brain injury. These improvements can be enhanced by intensifying the treatment program. Findings also suggest that these memory improvements are more pronounced in non-TBI than TBI patients. We discuss the implications of these results in designing optimal memory rehabilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive complaints are common signs of the Post COVID-19 (PC) condition, but the extent and type of cognitive impairment may be heterogeneous. Little is known about neuropsychological treatment options. Preliminary evidence suggests cognitive symptoms may improve with cognitive training and naturally over time. In this clinical trial, we examined whether participation in a weekly group consisting of cognitive training and group psychotherapy is feasible and would exert beneficial effects on cognitive performance in PC and whether improvements were associated with intervention group participation or represented a temporal improvement effect during syndrome progression. 15 PC patients underwent an 8-week intervention. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after each intervention group participation. A control group of 15 PC patients with subjective neurocognitive or psychiatric complaints underwent two cognitive assessments with comparable time intervals without group participation. To attribute changes to the intervention group participation, interaction effects of group participation and time were checked for significance. This is an exploratory, non-randomized, non-blinded controlled clinical trial. Within the intervention group, significant improvements were found for most cognitive measures. However, significant time x group interactions were only detected in some dimensions of verbal memory and visuo-spatial construction skills. Significant time effects were observed for attention, concentration, memory, executive functions, and processing speed. The intervention setting was feasible and rated as helpful and relevant by the patients. Our results suggest that cognitive symptoms of PC patients may improve over time. Patients affected by both neurocognitive impairments and mental disorders benefit from group psychotherapy and neurocognitive training. The present study provides evidence for a better understanding of the dynamic symptomatology of PC and might help to develop further studies addressing possible therapy designs. The main limitations of this exploratory feasibility trial are the small sample size as well as the non-randomized design due to the clinical setting. Trial Rehabilitation: DRKS00030974, 22 Dec 2022, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the psychotherapy process in a short-term psychoanalytic treatment (STPP) with a depressed adolescent. The empirical case study draws on both quantitative and qualitative data to examine the development of the psychotherapy process over time. 15 of the 29 audio recorded therapy sessions with a 16-year-old boy were sampled at intervals across the treatment. Session transcripts were coded using the Adolescent Psychotherapy Q-Set (APQ) and data analysed descriptively to compare characteristics of the process across the three treatment phases – beginning, middle, and ending. Descriptive statistics are supported with session extracts. Analysis of the APQ data suggests change in the patient's presentation across the therapy. In the early stages, he appeared withdrawn and made minimal responses to the therapist's attempts to work together; in the middle phase, he became more engaged, more able to talk about feelings, and more active in the sessions; and this was reflected in a less depressed presentation in the final phase. The therapist maintained a consistent therapeutic approach across all phases: supportive, non-judgemental, and working to make sense of the young person's experiences, looking for patterns and inviting curiosity about how things might be understood differently. Despite increased engagement in the therapy, depressive symptoms remained in the clinical range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to identify and to describe the implicit understanding of mind and mental life at work across an adolescent inpatient eating disorder ward, where the author worked as a healthcare assistant for 12 weeks. It does so by providing an account of 'prompts' employed by hospital staff during mealtimes on the ward. The vision of mental illness implied by these 'prompts' is described as supporting a paradigm of mental life consistent with the assumptions of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). An account of supervising mealtimes while employing language consistent with a psychodynamic model of mind is briefly offered as an alternative, before some of the benefits and drawbacks of both paradigms are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses routinely face psychological challenges as part of their work, acutely so during times of crises when nurses may treat many severely injured and dying patients. While the need for such support is well documented in the literature, mental health support programmes aimed at healthcare workers, even when available, are often underutilised, especially by nurses. To gain insights about needed mental health supports for nurses and programme implementation, this study examines a programme launched following a surprise attack on Israel on 7 October, 2023, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries and precipitating a war. The programme deployed 30 volunteer nurses trained in cognitive behavioural therapy, trauma support and mental health first aid to offer up to three, anonymous, 30‐min online therapy sessions to nurses around Israel in December 2023. Using a qualitative descriptive design, we engaged 22 of these volunteers in one of the three focus groups lasting 60–90 min each. Our findings highlight a range of mental health issues—among both the volunteers and therapy recipients—as well as barriers to providing mental health support to nurses. The importance of normalising the pursuit of mental health support in nursing education and ensuring the availability of support in healthcare organisations was emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents with physical disabilities experience common psychological distress that interacts with impaired physical function. While cognitive‐based interventions have been implemented for adolescents with physical disabilities, their effects on enhancing psychological health remain uncertain. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the effects of cognitive‐based interventions on the psychological distress of this population and identify optimal components for evidence‐based interventions. Following the PRISMA guideline, nine databases were searched to identify eligible randomised controlled trials examining the effects of cognitive‐based interventions for adolescents with physical disabilities from inception to October 2023. Data syntheses were performed using the R software, employing random‐effects models. Twelve trials involving 1201 participants were identified. The pooled results revealed that cognitive‐based interventions did not yield noticeable effects in reducing anxiety (g = −0.43 for postintervention; −0.14 for medium term; −0.37 for long term), depression (g = −0.05 for postintervention; −0.02 for medium term; −0.15 for long term) and stress levels (g = −0.15) over time. The secondary outcome (physical function) improved significantly in the long term compared to the control groups (g = 0.31). Furthermore, this review identified variations in the effectiveness of CBIs among different recipients, durations and modes of delivery. Given the limited number and overall low quality of identified studies for each outcome, conducting high‐quality randomised controlled trials is recommended to validate the effectiveness of cognitive‐based interventions in reducing psychological distress among adolescents with physical disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children and adolescents demonstrate diverse patterns of symptom change and disorder remission following cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders. To better understand children who respond sub‐optimally to CBT, this study investigated youths (N = 1,483) who continued to meet criteria for one or more clinical anxiety diagnosis immediately following treatment or at any point during the 12 months following treatment. Methods: Data were collected from 10 clinical sites with assessments at pre‐and post‐treatment and at least once more at 3, 6 or 12‐month follow‐up. Participants were assigned to one of three groups based on diagnostic status for youths who: (a) retained an anxiety diagnosis from post to end point (minimal responders); (b) remitted anxiety diagnoses at post but relapsed by end point (relapsed responders); and (c) retained a diagnosis at post but remitted to be diagnosis free at end point (delayed responders). Growth curve models assessed patterns of change over time for the three groups and examined predictors associated with these patterns including demographic, clinical and parental factors, as well as treatment factors. Results: Higher primary disorder severity, being older, having a greater number of anxiety disorders, having social anxiety disorder, as well as higher maternal psychopathology differentiated the minimal responders from the delayed and relapsed responders at the baseline. Results from the growth curve models showed that severity of the primary disorder and treatment modality differentiated patterns of linear change only. Higher severity was associated with significantly less improvement over time for the minimal and relapsed response groups, as was receiving group CBT, when compared to the delayed response group. Conclusions: Sub‐optimal response patterns can be partially differentiated using variables assessed at pre‐treatment. Increased understanding of different patterns of change following treatment may provide direction for clinical decision‐making and for tailoring treatments to specific groups of clinically anxious youth. Future research may benefit from assessing progress during treatment to detect emerging response patterns earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for anger management in Juvenile Delinquents. The therapy program consisted of eight sessions including relaxation, self-instruction, cognitive restructuring, and assertiveness training techniques. The therapy program has been conducted for juvenile delinquents in one of the juvenile prisons in Turkey. Sixty juvenile delinquents, aged between 14 and 18, who met the inclusion criteria (treatment = 30, control = 30), were included at the beginning of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, State Trait Anger and Expression Inventory (STAXI), and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were administered as pre-test. At the end of the therapy program, final analysis was conducted on 35 participants (20 therapy group, 15 control group) due to participants dropout. Mixed ANOVA was conducted to examine the time (pre-test and post-test) and group effects (therapy and control group). Results showed that the participants in the therapy group showed a significant decrease in trait anger and anger expression scores, both subscales of STAXI and in the hostility subscale of BSI; a statistically significant increase in the anger control scores of the subscale of STAXI when compared to the control group. In conclusion, this culturally attuned CBGT for anger management may be applicable for Juvenile Delinquents in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Appearance anxiety (AA) is a probable risk factor for body dysmorphic disorder and a prevalent and debilitating concern. Extant literature suggests that romantic partners' commentary and accommodation behaviour may contribute to women's appearance concerns. The aim of this study is to explore how women experience and make sense of romantic partner feedback about their appearance. Design: Qualitative semi‐structured interview study. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews with 13 cis‐gender women explored how they make sense of appearance anxiety in the context of romantic relationships. Reflexive thematic analysis with a hybrid inductive‐deductive coding approach was utilised, drawing on cognitive behavioural theory (CBT) as a theoretical lens to interpret the data. Results: Four themes were created from the data: (1) 'Then he said to me ... you could probably tone up a bit': Maintaining cycles; (2) 'I think those comments down the line do eventually help': breaking out of maintenance cycles, (3) 'It's like they're talking in a foreign language'; beliefs as a filter and (4) 'Cheering me on from the side‐lines'; romantic partner a supportive coach. These themes highlight the perceived unhelpful (e.g. accommodation of behaviours) and helpful (e.g. affection) impact of romantic partners' behaviours and commentary on participants' AA. Conclusions: Romantic partners are perceived by women to have a potent impact on their AA. Clinical practice implications include involving romantic partners in treatment, and clinicians using their formulation and CBT skills (e.g. Socratic questioning), to understand and target these possible maintenance processes within couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Educational interventions have shown potential to reduce fatigue. The aim was to systematically review the current best evidence on patient education programmes for MS‐related fatigue. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis following Cochrane methodology. A systematic search was conducted in eight databases (September 2023). Moreover, reference lists and trial registers were searched and experts in the field were contacted. Randomized controlled trials were included evaluating patient education programmes for people with MS with the primary aim of reducing fatigue. Results: In total, 1176 studies were identified and assessed by two independent reviewers; 15 studies (1473 participants) were included. All interventions provided information and education about different aspects of MS‐related fatigue with different forms of application, some with components of psychological interventions. Amongst those, the most frequently applied were cognitive behavioural therapy (n = 5) and energy‐conservation‐based approaches (n = 4). Studies differed considerably concerning mode of intervention delivery, number of participants and length of follow‐up. Interventions reduced fatigue severity (eight studies, n = 878, standardized mean difference −0.28; 95% confidence interval −0.53 to −0.03; low certainty) and fatigue impact (nine studies, n = 824, standardized mean difference −0.21; 95% confidence interval −0.42 to 0.00; moderate certainty) directly after the intervention. Mixed results were found for long‐term effects on fatigue, for secondary endpoints (depressive symptoms, quality of life, coping) and for subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Educational interventions for people with MS‐related fatigue may be effective in reducing fatigue in the short term. More research is needed on long‐term effects and the importance of specific intervention components, delivery and context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good palliative care requires thorough assessment of patient needs and addressing them appropriately. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been a mainstay in the management of psychological symptoms of palliative care patients, however, systematic reviews in this subject remain limited. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the available literature in the use of cognitive behavioural interventions (CBI) in the adult palliative care setting, specifically. Publications were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, screened, and data was collected following the Joana Briggs Institute framework of scoping reviews. Quantitative intervention studies make up most of the included studies (64/69), with most studies reporting improvements in depression (24/69), anxiety (17/69) and quality of life (17/69). Advanced cancer (38/69) and end-stage renal disease (21/69) were the most common palliative care settings in the included studies. Conventional CBT as an intervention was studied the most (32/69), and most conducted the intervention face to face (38/69). To address the knowledge gaps identified, it is recommended that future studies diversify the palliative care settings and further inquire into remote methods of delivering CBIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is considerable interest in identifying factors that predict outcome from psychological treatment. This review examines the relationship between readiness / stage of change at entry to CBT treatment and treatment attendance or outcome in people with mental health problems other than addiction. Methods: Four databases: PsycINFO; MEDLINE; Embase and CINAHL were searched to identify relevant studies published in English from 1st January 1980 onwards. Following title and abstract screening, and full text review of potentially eligible studies, a total of 22 eligible studies were identified, of which 21 were included in the narrative synthesis. The review was registered on PROSPERO REF: CRD42020209173. Results: Nineteen studies explored the relationship between readiness and symptom outcome, with a majority (n = 13) identifying at least one statistically significant relationship between variables, either directly or in interaction with another measure. A number of these also tested other associations which were non-significant. In contrast, five studies explored the association between readiness and treatment attendance, and findings were inconclusive. Conclusions: The systematic review found some evidence suggesting that readiness is linked to symptom outcome in CBT, regardless of the type of clinical problem or readiness measure used. The studies adopting an RCT design identified no evidence of differences in the relationship between readiness and outcome when comparing CBT to other psychotherapeutic interventions. Study quality was variable, and a range of methodological limitations and potential avenues for future work are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among men with mental health (MH) problems and substance use (SU), there is limited evidence on the most effective ways to reduce IPV within these groups. Hence, the present systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions for male IPV perpetrators with MH issues and SU problems. Five databases (B-On, Pubmed PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Scopus) were searched for studies examining the effectiveness of IPV interventions. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, with 13 interventions described. Interventions were grouped into (1) specific interventions for SU among IPV perpetrators (k = 8), (2) nonspecific interventions for SU among IPV perpetrators (K = 3), and (3) specific interventions targeting MH among IPV perpetrators (k = 2). Cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing techniques were the most common approaches. Both specific and nonspecific programs addressing SU problems showed some positive effects on perpetrators' behavior and attitudes. However, data from the two intervention programs focusing on MH showed reduced symptoms and re-assaults but without significant differences between the conditions. Despite methodological shortcomings in the studies, the specific and nonspecific interventions targeting SU and IPV show promise, which hinders drawing firmer conclusions. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to deepen our understanding of the MH impact interventions on IPV perpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with refugees and asylum seeker status (R/AS) have been forced to leave their home and resettle in new countries due to political unrest, conflict, and violence. This review aimed to describe the nature and extent of cultural adaptations to psychological interventions for adults with R/AS experiencing clinically significant psychological distress, and the acceptability and efficacy of these interventions. A search was conducted in October 2023 and February 2024 across five electronic databases: PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions conducted in any geographic context. Studies reporting on interventions with minimal adaptations only to facilitate treatment access, with no clear evidence for cultural adaptation, were excluded. Eighteen studies were identified, and cultural adaptations were described in line with the Ecological Validity Model. Studies investigating transdiagnostic interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions, and other psychotherapies were synthesized. Analysis and reporting of acceptability were limited across intervention groups, highlighting a need for more robust research in this area. CBT interventions and other psychological therapies were found to be most efficacious with moderate to large effects across validated psychological measures. Small to moderate effect sizes were observed across transdiagnostic interventions. The evidence quality was generally of some concerns. While the evidence requires further developments, the current review provides a timely synthesis of culturally adapted interventions for adults with R/AS to inform intervention development and clinical practice. Strengths, limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of combination treatment in managing migraine, which involves using two or more acute or preventive treatments simultaneously. It emphasizes the importance of clear terminology to enhance communication and implementation of treatment strategies, especially in regions with diverse practices. The text highlights the need for a standardized lexicon among clinicians and researchers to improve patient care and reduce ambiguity in the field. The authors suggest a stepwise approach to combining treatments, starting with identifying a baseline treatment and layering subsequent treatments based on individual patient characteristics and disease burden. [Extracted from the article]

This analysis was part of the Pain and Smoking Study (PASS), a randomized trial of a cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) for Veterans with chronic pain who smoke. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with participation in the walking component of the intervention. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained at baseline. Completion of two or more CBI counseling sessions was required to be included in analyses. Average daily step counts obtained via pedometer in the prior week were recorded in up to three telephone counseling sessions. Participants were then categorized as "sedentary" (≤ 4999 daily steps) or "not sedentary" (≥ 5000 daily steps). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model variance in activity categorization. Overall, 91.0% of participants were men, 70.5% were white, mean age was 58.4 years, mean BMI was 28.6, median pack years was 20.5, and 43.8% were depressed. Veterans reported moderate pain intensity (4.9/10) and pain interference (5.4/10). Pain locations included: lower extremity (67.4%), back (53.4%) and upper extremity (28.1%). Median daily steps were 2491 [IQR: 1720–3550] (sedentary) (n = 65), 7307 [IQR: 5952–8533] (not sedentary) (n = 24), and 3196 [IQR: 2237–5067] (overall) (n = 89). Veterans with older age (odds ratio (OR): 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.17) and presence of LE pain (OR: 5.98, 95% CI: 1.82, 19.65) had increased odds of being "sedentary." Integrated smoking cessation and chronic pain self-management interventions that include a walking component may need to consider the impact of age and pain location on participation. Trial registration: The trial is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02971137). First posted on November 22, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological symptoms among COVID‐19 survivors. This study compared the efficacy of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and Beck cognitive therapy (BCT) in addressing these issues. Methods: Forty‐five COVID‐19 survivors were randomly assigned to one of three groups: MBCT, BCT or a control. Pre‐ and postintervention assessments, using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were conducted. Both interventions consisted of eight 90‐minute sessions. Results: An ANCOVA analysis revealed that BCT was more effective than MBCT in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. Both interventions led to significant improvements, but no significant differences were observed between post‐test and follow‐up. Conclusion: BCT is a promising intervention for depression and anxiety in COVID‐19 survivors. Facilities providing cognitive therapy should be integrated into healthcare settings to support mental health recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Several contemporary models of psychotherapy demand psychotherapists and counsellors to navigate an intensely personal involvement with clients. This study considers how this personal involvement impacts the clinician as a person. Design: We interviewed practitioners about how working with clients in a one‐on‐one therapeutic setting changed them. Methods: A grounded theory analysis of interviews with behavioural and cognitive therapists (N = 14; 9 women, 5 men) was carried out. Results: Working with clients may improve practitioners' self‐regulation by generating a clearer view of themselves, providing strategies for effective living and facilitating self‐compassion. These changes are often either clinical work's unavoidable effects or gains from accidental exposure to clients' contents. Clinical work may also improve practitioners' relationships by demonstrating the value of and providing strategies for managing one's input in crucial relationships and non‐judgemental acceptance. Improved relational regulation often occurs as unavoidable learning or results from intentional emulation. Both self‐regulation and relational regulation may contribute to clinical competency. Professionals can also unintentionally reproduce client quirks and accidentally learn practical tips. Possible implications are discussed. Conclusion: Clients' influence on counsellors and psychotherapists deserves attention in psychotherapy research, training and supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous qualitative studies have investigated the experiences of undergoing an evidence‐based psychotherapy for psychosis among individuals affected by such condition. However, the literature investigating the perspectives, experiences and needs of psychological practitioners providing the treatment remains considerably underrepresented. In the context of Asian cultures, where pervasive stigma towards psychosis and mental health services exists and interferes with proactive help‐seeking, such research appears even more pertinent. To address the gap in the existing literature, this study utilised qualitative methodology to investigate the experiences of practitioner psychologists working with clients with psychosis in a South‐East Asian city‐state. Method: Six fully qualified participants were recruited from the local mental health services via convenience sampling. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted. Transcribed verbatim data were then subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Results: Four superordinate themes emerged, as follows: therapeutic alliance, cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) as primary approach, cultural influences and needs of practitioners. Conclusions: Results indicated that both practitioner psychologists and their clients contributed collaboratively to the establishment of therapeutic alliance. Although CBTp was utilised as a principal psychotherapeutic approach, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was also valued. Necessary adaptations in the treatment were reflected on to address the specificity of local cultures, including the use of language and addressing pervasive public stigma. The necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration, localised training and supervision was also expressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of parents' early life maltreatment (ELM) (e.g. physical, sexual abuse) and related experiences, in relation to offspring anxiety is not well understood. The current study investigated the association between self-reported depression and ELM and related experiences in mothers (n = 79) and fathers (n = 50), and mother-, father-, and youth-reported symptoms of youth anxiety (n = 90). Outcomes were assessed at pre,- and posttreatment and 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. Parental ELM were not associated with pre-treatment differences or differences in outcome of treatment. However ELM related experiences were associated with increased mother-, father-, and youth-rated youth anxiety at pretreatment. Fathers depressive symptoms were found to mediate the relationship between father ELM related experiences and father-rated youth anxiety symptoms. Future research is warranted on parental ELM and depression as factors affecting outcomes of treatment of youth anxiety. Trial registered at: helseforskning.etikkom.no (reg. nr. 2017/1367). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychosocial treatments improve outcome in Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), but few are developed specifically for adolescents and none has been evaluated in Europe. This study evaluates family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents (ages 13–18) with PBD in routine psychiatric care in Sweden, adapted for teenagers in a European setting from the Child and Family-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for PBD (ages 8–12) developed in the US. In a repeated-measure open trial, psychosocial functioning, depression, skills and knowledge about PBD, and family climate were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and after 6 months. Assessments were made by adolescents (n = 45), parents (n = 61) and clinicians. Both group statistics and individual trajectories are reported. Psychosocial function, as rated by parents and clinicians, improved at post-treatment, and parents reported less mania and improved family climate at post-treatment. Both parents and adolescents reported improved skills and knowledge. Most results after treatment showed medium effect sizes. Significant improvements were seen in most individual trajectories, however no change and even deterioration was observed in some. The present trial shows that AFF-CBT is well accepted and associated with improved psychosocial function in adolescents and improved skills and knowledge about PBD in adolescents and their parents. Regarding mood symptoms and family climate the results showed more individual variability, indicating that adjustments in delivery of the treatment according to the unique patient could be of importance. AFF-CBT seems to be a valuable addition to pharmacological treatments in PBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological interventions are important tools for addressing different mental disorders around the world, and considering cultural diversity during the implementation of psychological intervention may lead to improved outcomes. This scoping review updates on the knowledge about the cultural adaptation of cognitive behavioral therapy in the Arab world. This study included 21 studies about the cultural adaptation of cognitive behavioral therapy and other types of psychological interventions that have been implemented for Arab people. The sources of information were PUBMED, Web of Science Journal, CINHA, and search engine Google. For scoping review, the PRISMA-ScR framework was followed. The results showed that the process of cultural adaptation of CBT for Arab people focused on the following stages: (1) define the target group, (2) review the literature and select content, (3) feedback from stakeholders, (4) producing a guide for adaptation, (5) translation and adaptation process, (6) testing process for the adapted tools, and (7) final refinement. The process of cultural adaptation for CBT was superficial and focused on the content but not on the context. In addition, the cultural adaption process for CBT for Arab people focused on three major areas: (1) cultural awareness, (2) assessment and engagement, and (3) technique modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was recognized for its effectiveness in treating mental disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study explored integrating gaming and gamification into mental health interventions to enhance motivation, enjoyment, and treatment outcomes. The objective was to examine how games, gamification, and CBT techniques addressed depression, anxiety, and stress disorders (DASDs) across different age groups. A comprehensive search across scientific repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and others, found 39 studies using game-based, gamification-based, or mixed approaches with CBT. These interventions were evaluated through pilot studies, randomized controlled trials, and user-centered designs. Findings suggested that integrating games and gamification with CBT effectively managed stress, anxiety, and depression across diverse age cohorts. Further research should refine these interventions to optimize their effectiveness in clinical settings and everyday applications, highlighting the potential of combining digital technologies with traditional therapies to improve mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]