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Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have a higher risk of developing future cognitive decline than those without SCD. However, the association between SCD and objective cognitive performance remains unclear. This PRISMA 2020‐compliant systematic review aims to provide a qualitative assessment of the longitudinal and cross‐sectional relationship between SCD and objective cognitive performance in different cognitive domains, in neuropsychologically healthy, community‐dwelling older adults (average age of 55 or older). To identify pertinent studies, a comprehensive search was conducted from seven databases. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. Inclusion criteria were met by 167 studies, which were full‐text and published between 1 January 1982 and 16 May 2023 (inclusive) in the languages of English, French, or Spanish and presenting data on objective cognitive performance in older adults with SCD. Overall, we found that SCD was associated with poorer objective cognitive performance on measures of global cognition and memory longitudinally compared to non‐SCD status, but this association was inconsistent in cross‐sectional studies. This association became stronger with the use of continuous measures of SCD as opposed to dichotomous measures. Additionally, results highlight the known lack of consistency in SCD assessment among studies and comparatively small number of longitudinal studies in SCD research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCognitive function impairment (CFI) and the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) were investigated in this study.MethodsParticipants from the 2011–2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were chosen to assess cognitive function using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning Test, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Participants scored below the 25% percentile of any of the three tests were defined as having cognitive function impairment. 24-h recalls of diet were collected to calculate CDAI.Results2,424 participants were included. The fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model showed an increase of one CDAI unit reduced CFI risk by 5% (95% CI: 0.92 ~ 0.98, p = 0.004). When comparing individuals with the lowest CDAI in the first quartile (

Objective: To study the relationship between serum α-synuclein (α-synuclein) and melatonin (MT) levels and sleep quality, circadian rhythm preference and cognitive function impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: 118 patients with schizophrenia who were treated to the Wuhu Fourth People's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were included in the study and classified as the observation group. 80 healthy people as the control group. Serum α-synuclein and MT levels were detected and compared between the two groups, and the sleep quality, circadian rhythm preference and cognitive function impairment were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analyze the relationship between serum α-synuclein and MT levels and Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) scores, and Consensus Version of the Cognitive Function Complete Test (MCCB). Results: The serum α-synuclein and MT levels in observation group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05). The scores and total scores of PSQI in observation group were higher than those in control group (all P＜0.05). The proportion of absolute night type and middle night type in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the proportion of moderate morning type and absolute morning type were lower than those in the control group (all P＜0.05). The total score of MEQ in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The MCCB scores and total scores in observation group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, serum α-synuclein and MT levels were negatively correlated with PSQI total score and PANSS score, while positively correlated with MEQ and MCCB total score (all P＜0.05). Conclusion: Serum α-synuclein and MT levels are decreased in patients with schizophrenia, which are closely related to sleep quality, circadian rhythm preference and cognitive function impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo compare the sex differences in cognitive function and its influencing factors among Chinese older adults.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study by using data from the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). According to the 32 provinces and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government of China, 3–5 counties or districts were randomly selected in each province or city (except Tibet), and then 1–3 villages or streets were randomly selected in each county or district, from which the target population was sampled. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function of 9,262 older adults aged 65 and above in China. Descriptive analysis was applied to demonstrate the participants’ demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, social and non-social activity, disease status, mental and sleep condition. And then, univariate and multifactor analyses were performed to validate different risk factors for cognitive function, respectively in the general population, male older adults and female older adults.ResultThe older adults with cognitive impairment accounted for 10.4% of the total population. There are significant differences in cognitive function between male and female older adults. The odds of cognitive impairment in older adult women was 1.291 times that of older adult men (OR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.084–1.538). Among the male older adults, those who were older, highly educated, spouseless, had depressive symptoms, and lacked social activities were more likely to have cognitive impairment, whereas among the female older adults, those who were older, highly educated, and lacked social activities were more likely to have cognitive impairment.ConclusionOverall, there are subtle differences in potential influencing factors for cognitive function between the male older adults and female older adults. Attention should be paid to the different cognitive protection measures for the older adults with different sexes.

Background: Cognitive impairment is the most frequent complication of stroke. However, erobic exercise is considered to have potential effect in inhibiting the post-stroke cognitive degradation and increasing cognitive performance through neuroplasticity-influenced long term potentiation in hippocampus. Aim: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum level in stroke subjects with cognitive function impairment. Material and Methods: Experimental pre-post study on sub-acute stroke male and female, 12 subjects on each group. Intervention group given standard therapy and aerobic exercise using static cycle. Control group treated with standard therapy 30 minutes/session 3x/week, for 6 weeks. Parameter being evaluated was BDNF serum level. Result: No significant difference (p=0.21) in BDNF serum level in both control group (246.03±40.81 pg/ml) and intervention group (280.98±73.53 pg/ml) after treated with treatment. Although there was a significant increase of BDNF serum level in the intervention group (p

Background: Nutritional status has been recognized as an important factor influencing cognitive function-related diseases, but few comprehensive nutrition indicators are available to assess the risk of cognitive decline.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and cognitive function in an elderly population, and the differences in nutrient intake between different levels of nutritional risk.Methods: Based on cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, we included 2,564 older participants. The lower quartile of each of the four cognitive tests was considered to have cognitive function impairment (CFI). Binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the PNI and the odds ratio of CFI.Results: After adjustment for confounding variables, we found that the odds of CFI were significantly lower for participants with normal PNI levels than for those with low PNI levels. In a comparison of global cognitive impairment scores, participants with a normal PNI had lower ratios of poor cognitive performance than those with a low PNI. By comparing the nutrient intake at different PNI levels, we found a reduction in the intake of protein, dietary fiber, total saturated fatty acids, and multiple micronutrients in the low PNI group.Conclusion: Our study shows that the PNI can be a good predictor of the odds of CFI in the elderly population and that it is a convenient indicator of reduced intake of nutrients which may be important to brain health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the neurotoxicity caused by anesthetics in mammalian brain development has gained increasing attention. Exposure to anesthetics leads to neurotoxicity and apoptosis of nerve cells, which in turn induces cognitive dysfunction. Although most of the data came from animal studies, general anesthetics have been shown to have adverse effects on cognitive function in infants and young children in recent years. This concern has led to a number of retrospective studies that observed an association between general anesthesia in pregnant women and neurobehavioral problems in fetuses or offspring. Every year, many pregnant women undergo non‐obstetric anesthesia due to various reasons such as traffic accidents, fetal interventions, acute appendicitis, symptomatic cholelithiasis, and trauma. A matter of concern for these pregnant women is whether anesthesia has a detrimental effect on fetal brain development in the womb and whether the fetus has cognitive impairment after birth. In humans, the association of anesthetic exposure in infants with the long‐term impairment of neurologic functions has been reported in several retrospective clinical studies. Recently, we have found that sevoflurane anesthesia during pregnancy in mice‐induced cognitive impairment in the offspring by causing iron deficiency and inhibiting myelinogenesis. Sevoflurane is a commonly used general anesthetic in the hospitals, which can induce neurotoxicity and cause cognitive impairment in fetuses, infants, children, and adults. However, the exact mechanism of sevoflurane‐induced damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully understood. Based on our recent results, this paper reviewed the effects of sevoflurane on cognitive impairment and pathological changes such as neurogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, and iron metabolism dysfunction in the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objectives: Excessive use of mobile phones has raised a great concern about adverse health effects on human health. The present study's aim was to investigate the association of the usage of smartphones with cognitive function impairment in the Saudi adult population. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during September 2019 to January 2020. A total of 251 Saudi adults who were using mobile phones were recruited, and knowledge, attitude and practices were assessed by interview using a predesigned proforma. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) tool was employed to assess the cognitive functions, comparison was made between daily mobile phone usage group and their correlated Montreal Cognitive Score (MOCA). Results: The mean age for 251 Saudi adult participants was 32.43±12.8 years. More than 80% of the participants used their mobile phone for more than two hours daily. About 61% of the participants were not aware of the side effect of the radiation generated from mobile phone. The participants showed a decrease in MOCA score with increased daily mobile phone usage (MOCA=26.8 for <1 hour daily usage, 26.1 for 1-2 hours, and 24.6 for >2 hours with P< 0.05). In addition, participants showed decreased MOCA score by keeping their mobile phone near their pillow while sleeping; MOCA=24.35 for near pillow groups and >25.5 for the groups that placed their mobile phone away from the pillow. Conclusions: Excessive use of mobile phones can cause cognitive function impairment. Strict policies must be implemented to control the use of smartphones in order to minimize the effects on mobile phone radiation on cognition. The media has to be on the forefront in educating the public about the proper usage of mobile phones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical treatment and effectiveness of cognitive impairment in infants with brain injury combined with IEDs. Methods 476 cases were randomly divided into 4 groups: drug group， intervention group， combined group and control group， and were evaluated by Gesell developmental scale (GDS)， DQ scores of GDS in social behavior， cognitive level and Language as a measure of the cognitive level of the standard， and in the end of the 2 years’follow-up the same method was used for reevaluation. DQ in social behavior， cognitive level and Language of GDS were compared beween before and after treatment and between groups. Results DQ scores in social behavior， cognitive level and Language of GDS of the drug group， intervention group and combined group were higher than the pre-test DQ; DQ scores in social behavior， cognitive level and Language of GDS of the drug group， intervention group and combined group were higher than control group，DQ scores in social behavior， cognitive level and Language of GDS of the combined group were higher than drug group and intervention group， the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05) . Conclusion Combined group，the intervention group and the drug group can improve the infant brain injury with IEDS cognitive impairment，the effect of combined is better than drug therapy and the intervention group， so we suggest that comprehensive rehabilitation therapy should be given on the basis of active drug treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the sex differences in cognitive function and its influencing factors among Chinese older adults., Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study by using data from the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). According to the 32 provinces and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government of China, 3-5 counties or districts were randomly selected in each province or city (except Tibet), and then 1-3 villages or streets were randomly selected in each county or district, from which the target population was sampled. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function of 9,262 older adults aged 65 and above in China. Descriptive analysis was applied to demonstrate the participants' demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, social and non-social activity, disease status, mental and sleep condition. And then, univariate and multifactor analyses were performed to validate different risk factors for cognitive function, respectively in the general population, male older adults and female older adults., Result: The older adults with cognitive impairment accounted for 10.4% of the total population. There are significant differences in cognitive function between male and female older adults. The odds of cognitive impairment in older adult women was 1.291 times that of older adult men (OR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.084-1.538). Among the male older adults, those who were older, highly educated, spouseless, had depressive symptoms, and lacked social activities were more likely to have cognitive impairment, whereas among the female older adults, those who were older, highly educated, and lacked social activities were more likely to have cognitive impairment., Conclusion: Overall, there are subtle differences in potential influencing factors for cognitive function between the male older adults and female older adults. Attention should be paid to the different cognitive protection measures for the older adults with different sexes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Huang, Deng and Liu.)

The aim of this study is to design and develop a fun cube (FC) based brain gym (BG) cognitive function assessment system using the wireless sensor network and multimedia technologies. The system comprised (1) interaction devices, FCs and a workstation used as interactive tools for collecting and transferring data to the server, (2) a BG information management system responsible for managing the cognitive games and storing test results, and (3) a feedback system used for conducting the analysis of cognitive functions to assist caregivers in screening high risk groups with mild cognitive impairment. Three kinds of experiments were performed to evaluate the developed FC-based BG cognitive function assessment system. The experimental results showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the system's evaluation outcomes and the traditional Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores was 0.83. The average Technology Acceptance Model 2 score was close to six for 31 elderly subjects. Most subjects considered that the brain games are interesting and the FC human-machine interface is easy to learn and operate. The control group and the cognitive impairment group had statistically significant difference with respect to the accuracy of and the time taken for the brain cognitive function assessment games, including Animal Naming, Color Search, Trail Making Test, Change Blindness, and Forward / Backward Digit Span., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)