Search

Introduction: Early detection of individuals at risk for onset of severe illness is crucial for prevention and early intervention, aiming to mitigate the long-term impact on both the individual and the community. While well-established models exist for predicting the onset and prolonged severity of illness, there is a gap in understanding illness-onset severity. This pilot study aimed to investigate premorbid objective and subjective dimensions of participation in daily life occupations, as well as sensory and cognitive functions as potential markers of the recent-onset mental illness severity. Methods: A total of 50 participants (men: N=26, 52%; women: N=24, 48%), aged 18–40 (M=26.2, SD=5.8) with recent-onset mental illness completed standard, well-established assessments of illness severity, cognitive biases and failures, neurocognitive status, participation in daily life, and sensory responsiveness thorough cross-sectional design. The differences between the groups of the illness severity were explored with descriptive statistics, followed by a Kruskal–Wallis test. Discriminant analysis was used suggesting a multi-varied model for the separation between the groups of illness severity. Results: Three groups of illness severity exhibited differences in premorbid cognitive functions (F(2)=5.8, p<.01) and participation diversity (F(2)=3.8, p<.05). Combining these two indices explained 92% of the variance between the groups (Wilks' Λ =.68, χ2(4) = 17.7, p=.001), accurately classifying mild to marked illness severity (62.5–88.5%). Conclusions: The study contributes to revealing factors involved in the formation of more severe mental illness and suggesting possible avenues for early intervention and prevention. Cognitive biases and sensory modulation dysfunction may contribute to the illness formation. Still, the most effective markers of more severe mental illness onset are functional cognition and limited participation diversity. Since addressing these markers is a unique specialization within occupational therapy, the findings highlight the potential contribution the profession can make to the early identification of the most vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones can increase productivity and ease accessing information, however the possible negative implications for high smartphone use or problematic smartphone use (PSU) are not fully understood. The current study examined anxiety-linked memory and attention deficits to determine whether PSU moderates these relationships. Cross-sectional data from 506 young adults aged 18–29 years (68% female) were analysed in separate regression models to investigate whether PSU (Mobile Phone Problem Use scale) moderated the relationship between state and trait anxiety (State-Cognitive and Trait-Cognitive subscales of State Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety) and everyday memory and attentional failures (the False Triggering, Forgetfulness and Distractibility subscales of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire). Our results showed that PSU moderated the combined influence of state and trait anxiety for distractibility, such that those who reported higher PSU and higher trait anxiety reported greater errors of distractibility during higher, but not lower state anxiety. However, our predictions for false triggering and forgetfulness were not supported; the only significant finding was a trend for higher trait anxiety to be related to increased failures of false triggering and forgetfulness. Real-world implications of findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between cognitive complaints, systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and psychological generalwell-being (PGWB) after mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to the presence of long COVID and work tasks. Methods: University employees and metal workers were recruited in a cross-sectional study 4 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection to assess cognitive impairment, individual PGWB index, inflammatory biomarkers, namely platelet-lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte, and lymphocytemonocyte ratios, and the presence of long COVID symptoms. Results: A significant increase in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers was observed in subjects with long COVID. Furthermore, the PGWB index was influenced by long COVID symptoms and subjective cognitive and depressive symptoms, but not by work activity. Conclusions: In occupational settings, it is crucial to detect the presence of long COVID symptoms and systemic inflammation early, as they may be associated with lower PGWB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional outcomes associated with subjective well-being (SWB) and the detrimental aspects of psychological distress (PD) make it essential to explore contributing factors. The present study investigated a model about the existing gap in the determining role of trait anger (TA), state anger (SA), cognitive reappraisal (CR), rumination and cognitive failure (CF) as predictors of SWB and PD. The study contributes by exploring the interaction of dispositional, situation factors and emotional regulation strategies in shaping SWB and PD in the Indian Sample. A cross-sectional survey design was employed wherein 600 young adults aged 18–40 (Mage = 22.13, SDage = 4.06) were recruited from Uttar Pradesh, India using a multi-level cluster sampling method. The data were collected using questionnaires in the field setting during August–December 2021. Regression and path analysis revealed that the proposed predictors explained significant variance in SWB and PD, i.e., R2 = 0.24, F (5, 594) = 38.03, p < 0.01, Cohen f2 =0.31 and R2 = 0.35, F (5, 594) = 66.40, p < 0.01, Cohen f2 = 0.53, respectively. The models also fit well with the statistical indices. Except CR, all predictors emerged as significant risk factors. The findings suggest that the interventions to reduce PD and enhance SWB may consider inculcating CR and reducing higher levels of TA, SA, rumination and CF to enhance an individual's adaptive functioning. The findings pave the way for conducting a pre-planned experiment to study the outcomes of various levels of TA in regulating incidental anger (SA) employing CR and rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With globalization, computerization, and accompanying fast-paced work environments, employees often work under high production pressure and in the context of heightened job insecurity. Although these hostile work conditions often co-occur, their negative synergetic effects have been rarely examined. This study aimed to investigate whether these two hostile work environments (i.e., high production pressure coupled with a qualitative job insecurity climate) are related to workplace cognitive failures and subsequent injuries. In particular, we tested the mediating role of cognitive failures in the above-mentioned relationships as well as the interaction effect between the two hostile work environments on cognitive failures. Using 1-month lagged survey data from N = 176 U.S. workers, we found that both production pressure and qualitative job insecurity climate were significantly and positively associated with cognitive failures, which in turn were related to injuries. Further, it was revealed that workers experienced more cognitive failures in response to production pressure when they perceived higher levels of qualitative job insecurity climate compared to workplaces that reported lower levels of qualitative job insecurity climate. We discuss these results in light of their contributions to advancing theoretical understanding of the multiplicative effect of job demands and the practical implications for workers' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionEarly detection of individuals at risk for onset of severe illness is crucial for prevention and early intervention, aiming to mitigate the long-term impact on both the individual and the community. While well-established models exist for predicting the onset and prolonged severity of illness, there is a gap in understanding illness-onset severity. This pilot study aimed to investigate premorbid objective and subjective dimensions of participation in daily life occupations, as well as sensory and cognitive functions as potential markers of the recent-onset mental illness severity.MethodsA total of 50 participants (men: N=26, 52%; women: N=24, 48%), aged 18–40 (M=26.2, SD=5.8) with recent-onset mental illness completed standard, well-established assessments of illness severity, cognitive biases and failures, neurocognitive status, participation in daily life, and sensory responsiveness thorough cross-sectional design. The differences between the groups of the illness severity were explored with descriptive statistics, followed by a Kruskal–Wallis test. Discriminant analysis was used suggesting a multi-varied model for the separation between the groups of illness severity.ResultsThree groups of illness severity exhibited differences in premorbid cognitive functions (F(2)=5.8, p

Mohammed Hasan Ali Al-Abyadh,1,2 Marwan Atallah Alatawi,3 Eslam Abdelhafiz Mohamed Emara,4 Sahar Abdulaziz Almasoud,5 Omar Alsetoohy,6 Ahmed Ramadan Mohammed Ali7 1Department of Special Education, College of Education in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2College of Education, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen; 3Department of Special Education, College of Education and Art, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Special Education, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt; 5Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Hotel Management, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt; 7Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, The New Valley University, Kharga, EgyptCorrespondence: Omar Alsetoohy; Mohammed Hasan Ali Al-Abyadh, Email Omar.alsetoohy@fth.usc.edu.eg; m.alabyadh@psau.edu.saPurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how smartphone addiction and self-regulation failure influence students’ academic life satisfaction considering the impacts of students’ mind wandering and cognitive failures. It also sought to look at how students’ minds wander, and cognitive failures are affected by smartphone addiction and self-regulation failure among university students.Methods: The WarpPLS-SEM software was used to analyze the research data retrieved from a sample of 950 undergraduate students from universities in Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Results: In both countries, the findings revealed that students’ smartphone addiction and self-regulation failures negatively affect students’ academic life satisfaction and positively affect students’ mind wandering and cognitive failures. Additionally, smartphone addiction is positively related to failures of students’ self-regulation. Besides the negative influences of students’ cognitive failures on their academic life satisfaction, cognitive failures mediated negatively the relationship between mind wandering and students’ academic life satisfaction. Finally, students’ mind wandering mediated the relationship between smartphone addiction, self-regulation failure, and academic life satisfaction.Discussion: The study introduces fresh insights into the study variables that can be used to expand the literature on academic life satisfaction. The study provides theoretical and practical contributions to students, educators, and policymakers of education.Keywords: smartphone addiction, self-regulation failures, mind wandering, cognitive failures, academic life satisfaction, Egypt, KSA

Findings on the association between smartphone use and cognitive and socioemotional outcomes in middle-aged and older adults are mixed. Given that previous studies have not considered smartphone-use patterns across a variety of applications, we examined the relations between latent smartphone-use profiles and depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and cognitive failures. We analyzed data from 7,810 healthy middle-aged and older adults (Mage = 61.45, SD = 5.89) who participated in the Singapore Life Panel study. By concurrently considering 10 smartphone activities—calling, messaging, alarms, photography, social networking services, watching videos, playing games, online banking/ shopping, maps/navigation, and voice assistance—we identified five distinct profiles: nonuse, basic and restrained use, social interaction and entertainment, traditional communication, and advanced maximization. We found significant profile differences in depressive symptoms and life satisfaction but not in cognitive failures. Specifically, the traditional communication profile showed significantly fewer depressive symptoms than the social interaction and entertainment, basic and restrained use, and nonuse profiles. Advanced maximization profile also yielded similar results but to a lesser extent. Regarding life satisfaction, the advanced maximization—followed by the social interaction and entertainment—profiles were found to be more beneficial than the other profiles. These results held when multiple covariates were controlled for. Together, our findings demonstrate that individuals with more active use of advanced and wide-ranging functions—particularly communication, social interaction, and entertainment—experience higher life satisfaction and reduced depressive symptoms. Using a person-centered approach, our findings underscore substantial heterogeneity in middle-aged and older adults' smartphone activities and their different psychological implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with love addiction (LA) may experience psychological, social, and cognitive difficulties in everyday life. However, no study has explored the psychological symptoms, subjective cognitive complaints, and personological aspects associated with LA. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological, behavioral, and cognitive correlates of LA by comparing individuals with high (H-LAI) and low (L-LAI) levels of LA and to clarify the role of resilience and coping style as protective factors of LA. Methods: The online questionnaire used to recruit the sample included the Love Addiction Inventory (LAI) to assess the levels of LA and cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, depression, and anxiety assessment. Participants were equally divided into H-LAI and L-LAI groups based on the median LAI value. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 600 participants (446 females; mean age = 29.5, SD = 9.44). Compared to L-LAI, H-LAI participants were younger and showed more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms; moreover, they complained more frequently about memory and attention failures. Male sex was found to be a risk factor in the development of LA, resilience emerged as a significant protective factor. Limitations: Longitudinal research is needed to better explore the causal link between love addiction and psychological or cognitive failures. Additionally, objective neuropsychological tests should deeply investigate this connection. Conclusions: Our findings indicated a cognitive and psychological profile associated with love addiction characterized by more severe psychological symptoms and perceived cognitive failures. An early identification of individuals most at risk to develop love addiction and the implementation of timed strategies reinforcing resilience might avoid detrimental consequences.

Adolescents with problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) have been demonstrated to experience more cognitive failures than healthy controls. To help them better cope with surroundings and improve the quality of life, the present study aimed to discover how PMPU was associated with cognitive failures and if there was any protective factor acting as a buffer in this effect. Emotional distress and coping style are thought to be linked in this association. Thus, this study examined the mediating role of emotional distress and the moderating role of coping style using self-reported questionnaires in a sample of 953 high school and undergraduate students. The results indicated that emotional distress partially mediated the association between PMPU and cognitive failures. In addition, although coping style didn't moderate the direct association between PMPU and cognitive failures, it moderated the two stages of the mediation process. In other words, adolescents with positive coping style could successfully attenuate the adverse effects of PMPU on emotional distress, which in turn had weaker association with cognitive failures. Our study advanced a better understanding of the negative consequences induced by PMPU and suggested effective coping might be a crucial intervention target to prevent further deterioration of emotional distress and cognitive function for PMPU adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of particular targets is critical in applied contexts, such as identifying cancers in diagnostic medical imaging and finding weapons in airport baggage security screening. Missed targets can have dire consequences in such contexts. These contexts are also typically characterized by low prevalence or rare targets such that most searched-through images do not contain targets. A substantive body of evidence demonstrates that humans are much more likely to miss targets when they are rare. Therefore, it is critical to understand the factors that may mitigate or exacerbate this general tendency to miss rare targets. The present study considered the relative role of individual differences in cognitive failures, cognitive empathy, and negative affect (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in predicting the detection of rare targets. Across two experiments, there was evidence that individuals experiencing elevated cognitive failures were more likely to miss the rare targets. In Experiment 1, negative affect was also related to performance, but it was only cognitive failures that made a unique contribution to explaining target-present accuracy when they were pitted against one another. There was no evidence that cognitive empathy was linked to performance. These findings have important theoretical implications and also highlight potential avenues for intervention to improve the detection of rare targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heart surgery is a risk factor for objectively and subjectively assessable postoperative cognitive decline (POCD), which is relevant for everyday life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early postoperative cognitive training has an impact on health‐related quality of life and cognitive failures in daily living after cardiac surgery. Methods: The study was a two‐arm, randomized, controlled, outcome‐blinded trial involving older patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Recruitment took place at the Departments of Cardiac Surgery of the Kerckhoff Clinic in Bad Nauheim (Germany) and the University Hospital in Giessen (Germany). The patients were randomized (1:1 ratio) to either a paper‐and‐pencil–based cognitive training group or a control group. We applied the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) prior to surgery and 3 months after the cognitive training. Data were analyzed in a per‐protocol fashion. Results: Three months after discharge from rehabilitation, the training group (n = 31) showed improvement in health‐related quality of life compared to the control group (n = 29), especially in role limitations due to emotional problems (U = −2.649, p =.008, η2 = 0.121), energy and fatigue (F[2.55] = 5.72, p =.020, η2 = 0.062), social functioning (U = −2.137, p =.033, η2 = 0.076), the average of all SF‐36 factors (U = −2.374, p =.018, η2 = 0.094), health change from the past year to the present time (U = −2.378, p =.017, η2 = 0.094), and the mental component summary (U = −2.470, p =.013, η2 = 0.102). Conclusion: As our cognitive training has shown beneficial effects, this intervention could be a promising method to enhance health‐related quality of life after cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing everyday tasks and impacting health and quality of life. Cognitive failures associated with trait neuroticism can prompt some negative psychological outcomes and risky behaviors. Accumulating evidence shows that augmenting mindfulness can benefit cognitive health and general well-being. However, little is known regarding potential cognitive-behavioral pathways through which individual differences in trait neuroticism could influence the propensity to cognitive failures. Using a sample of 1003 undergraduate college students (females: n = 779) consisting of self-reported questionnaire data, we conducted correlational and mediational analyses to investigate the interrelationship between neuroticism, mindfulness, and cognitive failures. Higher neuroticism scores (females: r = −0.388, males: r = −0.390) and higher cognitive failures scores (females: r = −0.339, males: r = −0.407, p <.001) were significantly correlated with lower self-reported mindfulness scores. Mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive failures (β = 0.50, 95%, CI: 0.37, 0.65). These findings indicate that higher mindfulness may help ameliorate negative effects of neuroticism on everyday cognitive failures. Future research will determine how college students may benefit from positive impact of mindfulness to improve their psychological and physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While smartphones have brought many benefits and conveniences to users, there is continuing debate regarding their potential negative consequences on everyday cognition such as daily cognitive failures. A few cross‐sectional studies have found positive associations between smartphone use and cognitive failures. However, several research gaps remain, such as the use of cross‐sectional designs, confounds related to stable individual differences, the lack of validity in self‐report measures of smartphone use, memory biases in retrospective self‐reports, and the lack of differentiation between smartphone checking and smartphone screen time. To simultaneously address the aforementioned shortcomings, the current study examined the within‐person associations between various objective indicators of smartphone use and daily cognitive failures using a 7‐day daily diary study. Multilevel modelling revealed that smartphone checking, but not total smartphone screen time, predicted a greater occurrence of daily cognitive failures at the within‐person level. Surprisingly, we also found negative within‐person associations between smartphone screen time for social‐ and tools‐related applications and daily cognitive failures, suggesting that some types of smartphone use may temporarily benefit one's cognitive functioning. This finding demonstrates the importance of studying the specific functions of smartphone use and their differential cognitive consequences, as well as highlights the complex relations between smartphone use and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed an extremely high number of lives worldwide, causing widespread panic and stress. The current research examined whether COVID-19 stress was associated with everyday cognitive failures, using data from a seven-day daily diary study of 253 young adults in Singapore. Multilevel modeling revealed that COVID-19 stress was significantly associated with cognitive failures even after adjusting for demographic factors, both at the within-person and between-persons levels. Specifically, individuals experienced more cognitive failures on days they experienced more COVID-19 stress (as compared to their own average levels of COVID-19 stress), and individuals who experienced more COVID-19 stress overall (as compared to individuals who experienced less COVID-19 stress overall) experienced more cognitive failures in general. While a large body of work has evidenced the detrimental effects of COVID-19 stress on individuals' well-being, the current findings provide novel insights that these stressors may negatively impact individuals' cognitive functioning as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults with hearing loss have difficulties during conversation with others because an elevated auditory threshold reduces speech intelligibility, especially in noisy environments. Listening and comprehension often become exhausting tasks for hearing-impaired elders, resulting in social isolation and depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the advantages of hearing aid use in relation to relief from listening-related fatigue, which is still controversial. Participants included a sample of 49 hearing-impaired elders affected by presbycusis for whom hearing aids were prescribed. The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale was used to assess cognitive, physical and psychosocial fatigue. The vitality subscale of the Short Form Health Survey 36 and a single item of the multi-dimensional Speech, Spatial and Quality Hearing Scale (“Do you have to put a lot of effort to hear what is being said in conversation with others?”) were also used. The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire was used to investigate daily errors related to lack of memory and reduced mindedness. Hearing aids rehabilitation resulted in improved speech intelligibility in competing noise, and a significant reduction in cognitive and psychosocial fatigue and listening effort in conversation. Vitality was also improved and a significant reduction in the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire scores was observed. Findings from the study indicate that the use of hearing aids in older impaired-listeners provide them not only with an increased auditory function but also with a reduction in listening-related fatigue and mindedness.

Abstract Background Heart surgery is a risk factor for objectively and subjectively assessable postoperative cognitive decline (POCD), which is relevant for everyday life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early postoperative cognitive training has an impact on health‐related quality of life and cognitive failures in daily living after cardiac surgery. Methods The study was a two‐arm, randomized, controlled, outcome‐blinded trial involving older patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Recruitment took place at the Departments of Cardiac Surgery of the Kerckhoff Clinic in Bad Nauheim (Germany) and the University Hospital in Giessen (Germany). The patients were randomized (1:1 ratio) to either a paper‐and‐pencil–based cognitive training group or a control group. We applied the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) prior to surgery and 3 months after the cognitive training. Data were analyzed in a per‐protocol fashion. Results Three months after discharge from rehabilitation, the training group (n = 31) showed improvement in health‐related quality of life compared to the control group (n = 29), especially in role limitations due to emotional problems (U = −2.649, p = .008, η2 = 0.121), energy and fatigue (F[2.55] = 5.72, p = .020, η2 = 0.062), social functioning (U = −2.137, p = .033, η2 = 0.076), the average of all SF‐36 factors (U = −2.374, p = .018, η2 = 0.094), health change from the past year to the present time (U = −2.378, p = .017, η2 = 0.094), and the mental component summary (U = −2.470, p = .013, η2 = 0.102). Conclusion As our cognitive training has shown beneficial effects, this intervention could be a promising method to enhance health‐related quality of life after cardiac surgery.

Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) is a widely utilized tool to measure the frequency of everyday cognitive lapses. Here we present a validation study of the Hungarian translation of CFQ. A subsample (n = 157) filled out the questionnaire twice within a 7–21 days interval to determine test-retest reliability. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) method was run on a larger sample (n = 382) for testing a different number of potential factors. Although the multiple-factor solutions showed good fit, the one-factor solution described the data more adequately. The composite reliability of the final model (CR = .822) as well as test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .900) and the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .920) of the CFQ were high. Higher CFQ scores (i.e., more cognitive slips) correlated positively with anxiety and depression while a negative relationship was present with well-being. Furthermore, women were characterized with higher CFQ scores compared to men. Our results are in line with previous studies, and the excellent psychometric properties make the Hungarian version of CFQ an appropriate measure of cognitive failures.

Objective: Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it is critical to look at the impact of high levels of worry and stress on people's cognitive health. This study examines the relationship between anxiety, despair, and perception of threat as coronavirus disease 2019 distress and cognitive failures. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 818 people aged between 18 and 81 years. Structural equation modeling was carried out to reveal the existing relationships. In addition, demographic variables that predict cognitive failures during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period are expressed in the simple linear regression analysis. Finally, an independent samples t-test was applied according to gender for anxiety, despair, perception of threat, cognitive failures, perception, attention, forgetting, and motor functioning. Results: The results obtained from the structural equation modeling show that the coronavirus disease 2019 distress latent variables (anxiety, despair, and perception of threat) predict perception, attention, forgetting, and motor functioning during the pandemic period. It was found that cognitive failures were predicted by age, gender, educational status, media exposure, having a chronic disease, and compliance with hygiene rules. Conclusion: In cognitive failures total score, perception, forgetting, attention, and motor functioning men exhibit more cognitive failures than women during the pandemic period. Women have higher anxiety and perception of threat scores than men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the dynamic and complex nature of a construction site, the ability to recognize hazards in a surrounding environment is highly associated with worker safety. While many studies have examined the hazard identification skills of workers, researchers have not yet explored how the dynamic nature of hazards impacts workers' hazard anticipation, hazard identification, and cognitive perception of hazards within dynamic construction scenarios. This study investigates (1) whether hazard characteristics (i.e., static versus dynamic) impact workers' hazard identification performance; and (2) how two cognitive steps (i.e., attention and perception) influence hazard identification performance for these dynamic hazards. Employing state-of-the-art 360° video panoramas, this study performed an empirical investigation experiment to assess 30 construction workers' hazard identification skills and corresponding attention and perception behaviors. The results of this study indicate that worker's hazard identification abilities are affected by the static and/or dynamic nature of hazards: Generally, workers better anticipate dynamic hazards thanks to target and context anticipatory cues. In addition, a major discriminator between workers with higher hazard identification skills and those with lower hazard identification skills for dynamic hazards manifested in their continuous awareness of hazardous situations and proper prediction of emerging or potential hazards. Beyond identifying these factors, this study discusses multiple reasons underpinning attentional failures and misperception. The study highlights the importance of applying an integrated personalized training program to address cognitive failures and hazard anticipation skills to improve occupational safety in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ; Broadbent et al., 1982) is an established and commonly used self-report measure of cognitive errors experienced in daily life, capturing perceived difficulties with forgetfulness, distractibility, and thinking blunders. Despite frequent use in clinical research and established associations with psychological and neuropsychological disorders, the psychometric properties and construct validity of the CFQ remain ambiguous. This study sought to critically assess the factor structure and external validity of the CFQ. A sample of 839 people (62% female) between 16 and 85 years of age (M = 44.12, SD = 19.54) was drawn from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample. Previously published CFQ factor structures were compared via confirmatory factor analysis and the unique variance explained by each factor was assessed. Next, we related the CFQ latent variables to neuropsychological tasks and symptom measures of depression, anxiety domains, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A single-factor model was best supported by the data, indicating that the CFQ represents a global measure of subjective cognitive difficulties rather than errors in specific domains. Scores on the CFQ did not predict poorer performance on objective neuropsychological tasks but were related to a range of psychological distress symptoms. Subscales derived from previously published factor structures may provide misleading impressions of the construct validity of the CFQ and are not recommended for use in future research or clinical contexts. Public Significance Statement: The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) is a commonly used self-report measure to capture subjective cognitive difficulties experienced throughout the day. Our study suggests that these subjective difficulties are unrelated to underlying deficits in cognition, as traditionally measured, and instead may simply reflect elevated psychological distress. The method used to assess daily cognitive difficulties can have a considerable impact on the conclusions drawn and should be selected with intention and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the comparison of cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience among the girl students with and without test anxiety. The present research is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study was 203 students studying tenth and eleventh grade in Rasht in 2019. 92 students of this sample were with test anxiety and 111 students of it were without test anxiety. The sample of study has been identified and selected from students by cluster sampling with the cutoff point of 50. The students completed Spielberger Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Baker’s Emotional Processing Scale and Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed by multivariable analysis of variance. Results showed that the students with test anxiety have higher scores in cognitive failures, also they have higher scores in emotional processing and lower scores in resilience than students without test anxiety. These results show that cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience have determinant role in test anxiety.

Attentional control is the process that enables focusing on executing goals without succumbing to distraction, and it is implicated in meaningful outcomes such as driving safety, perspective-taking, and emotion regulation. Across three studies we investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits (egocentricity, callousness, and antisocial tendencies) and: a) subjective experiences of attentional control in real-world contexts, b) performance on a task that differentiates proactive from reactive attentional control, and c) performance on a real-world relevant task that demands endogenous maintenance of a goal with minimal scaffolding from the task (low prevalence visual search). A strong and consistent finding was that antisocial tendencies were associated with poorer subjective real-world attentional control. Psychopathic traits were not reliability associated with individual differences in either proactive or reactive attentional control. Egocentricity was associated with poorer performance in low prevalence visual search, but this was mediated by a reduced quitting threshold (i.e., giving up on searching for the target earlier). This likely reflects reduced motivation rather than impaired ability. Altogether, there was no evidence for psychopathic traits being associated with enhanced attentional control. The differential relationships between different psychopathic traits and attentional control highlights the importance of distinguishing them. • Here examined association between psychopathic traits and attentional control • Antisociality associated with impaired attentional control • Callousness unrelated to attentional control • Egocentricity correlated with worse visual search performance due to early quitting [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas University, Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kafkas Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Older adults with hearing loss have difficulties during conversation with others because an elevated auditory threshold reduces speech intelligibility, especially in noisy environments. Listening and comprehension often become exhausting tasks for hearing-impaired elders, resulting in social isolation and depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the advantages of hearing aid use in relation to relief from listening-related fatigue, which is still controversial. Participants included a sample of 49 hearing-impaired elders affected by presbycusis for whom hearing aids were prescribed. The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale was used to assess cognitive, physical and psychosocial fatigue. The vitality subscale of the Short Form Health Survey 36 and a single item of the multi-dimensional Speech, Spatial and Quality Hearing Scale ("Do you have to put a lot of effort to hear what is being said in conversation with others?") were also used. The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire was used to investigate daily errors related to lack of memory and reduced mindedness. Hearing aids rehabilitation resulted in improved speech intelligibility in competing noise, and a significant reduction in cognitive and psychosocial fatigue and listening effort in conversation. Vitality was also improved and a significant reduction in the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire scores was observed. Findings from the study indicate that the use of hearing aids in older impaired-listeners provide them not only with an increased auditory function but also with a reduction in listening-related fatigue and mindedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNCR) is a common and serious complication after radical prostatectomy. We hypothesized that patients with DNCR in the early postoperative period would report reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and more cognitive failures 12 months after surgery, compared with patients without DNCR. Methods We performed a 12-month follow-up on 367 patients who had been enrolled in a prospective observational trial to study the incidence of DNCR after radical prostatectomy. Patients were screened for preoperative cognitive impairment and depression. We defined DNCR as a decline in cognitive function between days 3 and 5 after surgery, compared with baseline assessments. We evaluated HRQoL and cognitive failures 12 months after surgery with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. General linear models were used to analyze associations of DNCR with HRQoL and cognitive failures. Results Delayed neurocognitive recovery in the early postoperative period was significantly associated with self-reported cognitive failures (B for no DNCR = − 0.411 [95% CI: − 0.798;0.024], p = 0.038), but not with physical (B = 0.082 [95% CI: − 0.021;0.186], p = 0.118) or mental HRQoL (B = − 0.044 [95% CI: − 0.149;0.062], p = 0.417) 12 months after surgery. Preoperative depression screening scores were significantly associated with self-reported cognitive failures and both physical and mental HRQoL 12 months after surgery. Conclusions Delayed neurocognitive recovery in the early period after radical prostatectomy has a long-term impact on patients’ daily lives by impairing memory, attention, action, and perception. Therefore, prevention of DNCR must be a priority for physicians and researchers. Consequent preoperative screening for depressive symptoms may facilitate early psycho-oncological intervention to improve postoperative HRQoL. Trials registration DRKS00010014 , date of registration: 21.03.2016, retrospectively registered.

Introduction Medication adherence by persons with bipolar disorder (BD) is inconsistent. This is disconcerting, as BD is treatment responsive, side-effects are few, and the impact of both hypo/manic and depressive mood episodes can be considerable (e.g., self-harm). Objectives For this study, we computed a path model to identify both direct and indirect predictors of medication adherence. This included both clinical and psychosocial independent variables (e.g., BD symptoms, psychological well-being, alcohol misuse). Methods From the BADAS (Bipolar Affective Disorder and older Adults) Study, we identified a global sample of adults with the BD. Participants were recruited using microtargeted, Facebook advertising. This sample included persons living in Canada, U.S., U.K., Ireland, Australia and New Zealand (M = 55.35 years, SD = 9.65). Results Direct predictors included perceived cognitive failures and alcohol misuse. Of note, medication adherence is inversely associated with number of prescribed antipsychotic medications. Neither symptoms of depression nor hypo/mania emerged as direct predictors of medication adherence. Similarly, psychological well-being appears indirectly associated with adherence (via BD symptoms). Conclusions Despite the wide age range of participants (22 – 73 years), age did not emerge as a predictor of adherence. Nor do cognitive failures appear significantly associated with age suggesting that both young and older adults with BD perceived cognitive loss. Disclosure No significant relationships.

• Personality traits alone should not be considered as antecedents of the propensity to engage in DDB but researchers should also consider that driver's cognitive failure plays a key role in distracting young drivers. • Four of the five Big Five personality traits (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) along with cognitive failure play a major role in the propensity to engage in distracted driving behavior. • The results from this research can be used to develop custom initiatives to decrease the amount of distraction among young adults. Distracted driving is a major safety concern. This paper explores the role personality traits and self-reported cognitive failures play in the propensity towards distracted driving behavior (DDB) among young adults in the United States. Two independent time-separated studies (study 1 with 522 participants; study 2 with 314 participants) confirm the role of cognitive failures as a mediator between specific personality traits and DDB propensity among young adult drivers. The results of this study suggest drivers' personality traits such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism have a direct impact on DDB propensity. In addition, there is evidence that cognitive failure mediates the relationship between these three personality traits and DDB propensity. Lastly, based on the results, agreeableness moderates the relationship between cognitive failure and DDB propensity. Together, these findings suggest that personality traits should be considered in conjunction with driver's cognitive failure in explaining DDB propensity. Future research using a combination of self-reported, naturalistic and simulation studies may provide additional insight into the relationships between personality traits, cognitive failures, and the propensity towards DDB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the processes through which personnel understaffing and expertise understaffing jointly shape near misses among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: Inadequate staffing is a chronic issue within the nursing profession, with the safety consequences of understaffing likely being exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: This study used a three‐wave, time‐separated survey design and collected data from 120 nurses in the United States working on the frontline of the pandemic in hospital settings. Methods: Participants were recruited through convenience sampling in early April 2020. Eligible nurses completed three surveys across a 6‐week period during the COVID‐19 pandemic from mid‐April to the end of May 2020. Study hypotheses were tested with path analyses. Results/Findings: Results reveal that personnel understaffing and expertise understaffing jointly shape near misses, which are known to precede and contribute to accidents and injuries, through different mechanisms. Specifically, personnel understaffing led to greater use of safety workarounds, which only induced near misses when cognitive failures were high. Further, higher levels of cognitive failures appeared to be the result of greater expertise understaffing. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of addressing issues of understaffing, especially during times of crisis, to better promote nurse and patient safety. Impact: This study was the first to examine the distinct mechanisms by which two forms of understaffing impact safety outcomes in the form of near misses. Understanding these mechanisms can help leaders and policymakers make informed staffing decisions by considering the safety implications of understaffing issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare emotion regulation strategies, worry, meta mood and cognitive failures in patients with GAD and healthy individuals. The curent study was a causal-comparative research. The statistical population included all male and female patients with GAD that were referred to psychiatric centers in the city of Ardabil. The study sample consisted of 47 patients with generalized anxiety disorder based on psychiatrist's diagnosis and 47 normal individuals based on clinical interview who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected, using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-version short, Penn state worries questionnaire, treat meta mood scale and cognitive failure’s questionnaire. To analyze the data, MANOVA was used in SPSS software. The results showed that the average scores of the negative emotion regulation strategies, worry and cognitive failures in patients with GAD were significantly more than the normal individuals. The average scores of the positive emotion regulation strategies and meta mood in patients with GAD were significantly lower than the healthy individuals. These findings suggest that emotion regulation strategies, worry, meta mood and cognitive failures can be applicable in the pathology and prevention of generalized anxiety disorder.

The lockdown due to the coronavirus outbreak in 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused psychological distress and cognitive discomfort for emerging adults, who have experienced increased rumination, intrusive thoughts and cognitive failures. States of mindfulness and being in the moment can prevent anxiety and fear associated with the lockdown and alleviate ruminative and automatic negative thinking. This longitudinal study investigated the role of mindfulness before and during the COVID‐19 lockdown in protecting a sample of emerging adults from experiencing cognitive failures, intrusive thoughts and rumination and examined how lockdown‐related variables—emotions, socio‐economic status and housing conditions—influenced this mindfulness profile. The results showed overall more cognitive failures and rumination during lockdown, especially in participants whose mindfulness status diminished. However, these signs of cognitive distress remained stable or decreased among participants who reported improved changes in mindfulness. Financial difficulties and a reduced sense of privacy associated with the lockdown predicted lower stability in mindfulness profiles. The state of being fully aware of what is happening in the present moment may be helpful in reducing cognitive discomfort and psychological maladjustment, especially during stressful times such as lockdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive failures are commonplace within the general population but may be particularly heightened in those with higher levels of schizotypy. This is especially salient in the context of enduring trait and momentary state negative emotion which often contributes to increases in daily impairments, leading to a more debilitating and distracted life. Particularly, individuals with elevated levels of schizotypy may be more likely to experience cognitive failures, especially in the presence of negative trait emotion such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, little is known about the influence of state emotion and the distinct roles that state and trait emotion may have with cognitive failures and schizotypy. Methods: To replicate and extend previous findings, 306 (58% males) undergraduate students aged 18–50 years (M = 19.343; SD = 2.493) completed self-report measures of cognitive failures, trait and state emotion, and schizotypy. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed in SPSS to examine the potential effects of trait and state emotion on the relationship between schizotypy and cognitive failures. Results: Consistent with previous findings, mood symptomology, in addition to negative affect, mediated cognitive failures in those with higher levels of schizotypy. However, in our sample, positive affect did not appear to buffer against cognitive failures. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest there may be a nuanced relationship between both negative trait and state emotions on the relationships between cognitive failures and schizotypy. Understanding the interaction of enduring versus momentary emotion on cognition as they relate to an elevated risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum phenomena may be a point for earlier and more targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mothers involved in child care may be prone to various cognitive failures (e.g., leaving things behind) as a result of being overburdened with maternal duties, with limited attentional capacity for responding to children’s frequent demands. Therefore, this study aimed to explore factors associated with cognitive failure among mothers involved in child care in Japan. The participants were 310 mothers aged 25–45 (155 full-time workers, 155 housewives). The self-reported questionnaire covered cognitive failure (outcome variable), basic demographic characteristics, sociological factors, health status, and personality. Cognitive failure was assessed using the 15-item Japanese version of the Short Inventory of Minor Lapses. The variables evaluated for potential associations with cognitive failure included mother’s age, youngest child’s age, number of children, employment status, daily sleep duration, time spent on leisure activities, fatigue, social support (instrumental and emotional), use of child care services, and the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Multiple regression analysis showed that number of children, fatigue, emotional support, neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were independently and significantly associated with cognitive failure. Our results may help facilitate the development of effective strategies to prevent adverse effects on children’s and parents’ health by preventing cognitive failure among mothers.

Background: The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly. Methods: An online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post‐traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine. Results: The sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1. Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms at T1. Conclusions: The fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long‐term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long‐term psychological and cognitive consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The quarantine/self-isolation measures implemented to retard the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may negatively affect the mental health of the population. The present study aimed to explore the impact of the psychological symptoms on the occurrence of cognitive failures in a large sample of home-dwelling Italian individuals during quarantine/self-isolation for COVID-19. Methods: We employed an online questionnaire using a virtual platform of Google Moduli. The questionnaire included an assessment of cognitive failures evaluated by the Perceived Memory and Attentional Failures Questionnaire (PerMAFaQ) and of resilience, coping style, depression, anger, and anxiety. Results: The online questionnaire was completed by 4175 participants revealing that about 30% of participants complained of cognitive failures at least sometimes during quarantine/self-isolation, whereas some respondents reported very frequent cognitive failures. Moreover, resilience was found to mediate the relationships between depressive and anger symptoms and cognitive failures. Although no difference was found on PerMAFaQ among smart-workers, non-smart-workers, and those currently not at work, people not working at the moment complained of more frequent cognitive failures. Conclusions: These findings indicate the need to implement psychological support intervention, particularly for vulnerable groups, to reduce anxiety, depression, and anger, and of psychoeducational interventions to enhance resilience reducing possible long-term cognitive consequences of the quarantine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive failure can be understood as mental lapses that occur during the execution of a simple task. These failures can occur in different contexts, such as, for example, in occupational activities, in university students, in everyday life or in any other non-occupational context. The Occupational Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (OCFQ) is a measurement instrument that helps to understand cognitive failures in workers. However, the OCFQ was originally developed in English, requiring cross-cultural adaptation and testing of measurement properties to assess whether the adapted questionnaire can be used with the same confidence as the original questionnaire. This study aims to test the measurement properties of the Occupational Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, translated, and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of workers of both sexes, aged between 18 and 60 years.; and minimum working time on the task of three months. Workers with self-reported cognitive impairment (due to neurological diseases, mental disorders, dependence on alcohol and other drugs, depression) were excluded from the study. Participants were recruited by sharing the questionnaire through the UFSB e-mail, and digital media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram. For data collection, the following questionnaires were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire – PRMQ; Occupational Cognitive Failures Questionnaire - OCFQ, were made available online through the Google Forms platform. The measurement properties were sociodemographic data; reproducibility; internal consistency; and ceiling and floor effect. The sample consisted of 113 workers, of whom 13 were excluded for not meeting the requested criteria, mostly female workers with an average age of 29.4 years who perform office activities. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha index, with an adequate value of 0.84. The construct validity of the OCFQ and PRMQ instruments obtained Pearson's Correlation Coefficient value r = 0.5. The reproducibility evaluates the reliability tested with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), consistency coefficient (ICCConcistency) with a value of 0.84, and agreement coefficient (ICCAgreement) of 0.1, showing a substantial reliability, and the agreement analyzed through the standard error of measurement (EPM) by the measurement (S.E. mean), with a value of 1.3%. No ceiling and floor effect was found. We concluded that when testing the measurement properties of the Occupational Cognitive Failures Questionnaire instrument, in the translated and adapted version for Brazilian-Portuguese, it showed good results in terms of content validity, internal consistency, reproducibility, and construct validity. Testing the measurement properties of the OCFQ questionnaire and its results makes it possible for professionals who work in occupational environments to use it, with the aim of detecting cognitive deficits in the workplace, to enable preventive actions for the worker, as well as greater safety in the work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Older adults with bipolar disorder (BD) commonly present with cognitive deficits (e.g., attention, memory, verbal fluency). Concomitantly, older adults with BD commonly report subjective or perceived cognitive failures. For this study, we confirmed a 3-factor model of cognitive failures first validated with older adults free of mental illness (i.e., forgetfulness, distractibility, false triggering). We then computed a structural equation model (SEM) demonstrating the construct validity of perceived cognitive errors in relation to quality of life with BD. Use of SEM enabled us to measure quality of life broadly and germane to BD (i.e., well-being, life satisfaction, alcohol misuse, sleep quality).Methods: We obtained responses from an international sample of 350 older adults with BD (M = 61.26 years of age, range 50-87), recruited via micro-targeted social media advertising. Most lived in Canada, the U.S., U.K., Ireland, Australia and South Africa.Results: As hypothesized, perceived cognitive failures were predicted by BD symptoms (depression and hypo/mania). And cognitive failures directly and indirectly predicted quality of life.Limitations: Future research is needed to replicate this QoL model over time with younger patients and those recruited using more traditional methods.Conclusions: Perceived cognitive failures may not be strongly correlated with objective indices of cognitive deficits; nonetheless perceived cognitive failures are significantly associated with quality of life for older adults with BD. For both cognitive errors and BD symptoms, their indirect effect on quality of life (via suicide ideation) is greater than the direct effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted 3 studies to investigate how poor quality sleep relates to work injuries. First, using a sample of employed people living in the United Kingdom (N = 4,238; Study 1), we found that poor quality sleep was related to more frequent workplace injuries via negative affect rather than cognitive failures. Second, we again compared parallel pathways using a sample of USA employees (N = 202; Study 2): poor quality sleep was related to more frequent work injuries via work-related negative affect but not work-related cognitive failures. Third, we used a 2-wave sample of employees from the United Kingdom (N = 71; Study 3) finding that poor quality sleep was related to more frequent work injuries 7 weeks later via negative affect. Comparing high arousal and low arousal negative affect as competing pathways showed that there was a significant indirect effect of the former on the poor quality sleep-work injuries relationship but not the latter. Across 3 studies, we implicated the role of self-control failure stemming from poor quality sleep in predicting more frequent work injuries and suggested initiatives targeting high arousal negative affect as a way of reducing work injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the predicting role of physical and mental fatigue in cognitive failures among employees of national and international pharmaceutical companies. It was also intended to determine the influence of various demographics (such as gender and job experience) in relation to study variables. Sample consisted of 406 employees of pharmaceutical companies' employees with age range of 22-55 years. Measures of Chalder Fatigue Scale (Chalder et al., 1993) and Workplace Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (Wallace & Chen, 2011) were used to assess the constructs of fatigue and cognitive failures. Results indicated that physical and mental fatigue significantly positively predicted cognitive failures. Findings based on 2x3 ANOVA showed that female employees with lesser job experience exhibited higher levels of mental and physical fatigue and cognitive failures as compared to male employees with extended job experience. Additionally, employees working in international pharmaceutical companies displayed elevated levels of physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and cognitive errors as compared to their counterparts. It was concluded that physical and mental fatigue are significant predictors of cognitive failures in workplace setting of pharmaceutical companies. Being a female with lesser job experience puts an individual at higher risk of developing fatigue whereas; employees in international pharmaceutical companies at a greater risk for experiencing fatigue and cognitive failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attempts to mitigate the unprecedented health, economic, and social disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are largely dependent on establishing compliance to behavioral guidelines and rules that reduce the risk of infection. Here, by conducting an online survey that tested participants’ knowledge about the disease and measured demographic, attitudinal, and cognitive variables, we identify predictors of self-reported social distancing and hygiene behavior. To investigate the cognitive processes underlying health-prevention behavior in the pandemic, we co-opted the dual-process model of thinking to measure participants’ propensities for automatic and intuitive thinking vs. controlled and reflective thinking. Self-reports of 17 precautionary behaviors, including regular hand washing, social distancing, and wearing a face mask, served as a dependent measure. The results of hierarchical regressions showed that age, risk-taking propensity, and concern about the pandemic predicted adoption of precautionary behavior. Variance in cognitive processes also predicted precautionary behavior: participants with higher scores for controlled thinking (measured with the Cognitive Reflection Test) reported less adherence to specific guidelines, as did respondents with a poor understanding of the infection and transmission mechanism of the COVID-19 virus. The predictive power of this model was comparable to an approach (Theory of Planned Behavior) based on attitudes to health behavior. Given these results, we propose the inclusion of measures of cognitive reflection and mental model variables in predictive models of compliance, and future studies of precautionary behavior to establish how cognitive variables are linked with people’s information processing and social norms.

We aimed to explore the relationships between mobile phone addiction and cognitive failures in adolescents. Our study sample consisted of 816 adolescents from two high schools in China (female = 413; mean age = 15.86 years, SD = 0.80 years). The adolescents completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling and multiple mediation analysis showed that high mobile phone addiction predicted high scores on rumination and low scores on mindfulness, which in turn were positively associated with cognitive failures. Rumination and mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and cognitive failures. Moreover, high levels of rumination predicted low levels of mindfulness. Rumination and mindfulness sequentially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and cognitive failures. These mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive failures have potential implications in preventing or treating adolescents' cognitive failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNCR) is a common and serious complication after radical prostatectomy. We hypothesized that patients with DNCR in the early postoperative period would report reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and more cognitive failures 12 months after surgery, compared with patients without DNCR.Methods: We performed a 12-month follow-up on 367 patients who had been enrolled in a prospective observational trial to study the incidence of DNCR after radical prostatectomy. Patients were screened for preoperative cognitive impairment and depression. We defined DNCR as a decline in cognitive function between days 3 and 5 after surgery, compared with baseline assessments. We evaluated HRQoL and cognitive failures 12 months after surgery with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. General linear models were used to analyze associations of DNCR with HRQoL and cognitive failures.Results: Delayed neurocognitive recovery in the early postoperative period was significantly associated with self-reported cognitive failures (B for no DNCR =  - 0.411 [95% CI: - 0.798;0.024], p = 0.038), but not with physical (B = 0.082 [95% CI: - 0.021;0.186], p = 0.118) or mental HRQoL (B =  - 0.044 [95% CI: - 0.149;0.062], p = 0.417) 12 months after surgery. Preoperative depression screening scores were significantly associated with self-reported cognitive failures and both physical and mental HRQoL 12 months after surgery.Conclusions: Delayed neurocognitive recovery in the early period after radical prostatectomy has a long-term impact on patients' daily lives by impairing memory, attention, action, and perception. Therefore, prevention of DNCR must be a priority for physicians and researchers. Consequent preoperative screening for depressive symptoms may facilitate early psycho-oncological intervention to improve postoperative HRQoL. Trials registration DRKS00010014 , date of registration: 21.03.2016, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attempts to mitigate the unprecedented health, economic, and social disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are largely dependent on establishing compliance to behavioral guidelines and rules that reduce the risk of infection. Here, by conducting an online survey that tested participants' knowledge about the disease and measured demographic, attitudinal, and cognitive variables, we identify predictors of self-reported social distancing and hygiene behavior. To investigate the cognitive processes underlying health-prevention behavior in the pandemic, we co-opted the dual-process model of thinking to measure participants' propensities for automatic and intuitive thinking vs. controlled and reflective thinking. Self-reports of 17 precautionary behaviors, including regular hand washing, social distancing, and wearing a face mask, served as a dependent measure. The results of hierarchical regressions showed that age, risk-taking propensity, and concern about the pandemic predicted adoption of precautionary behavior. Variance in cognitive processes also predicted precautionary behavior: participants with higher scores for controlled thinking (measured with the Cognitive Reflection Test) reported less adherence to specific guidelines, as did respondents with a poor understanding of the infection and transmission mechanism of the COVID-19 virus. The predictive power of this model was comparable to an approach (Theory of Planned Behavior) based on attitudes to health behavior. Given these results, we propose the inclusion of measures of cognitive reflection and mental model variables in predictive models of compliance, and future studies of precautionary behavior to establish how cognitive variables are linked with people's information processing and social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research looked at workers' satisfaction with the work environment, cognitive failures and safe work behaviour. Results indicated that safe work behaviour was positively related to workers’ satisfaction with their physical work environment and negatively related to cognitive failures. There was also a negative relationship between satisfaction with the physical work environment and cognitive failures. This paper contributes to a further understanding of how organisations can enhance safe work behaviour with a view to reducing occupational injuries and safety-related incidents by understanding the influence that satisfaction with the physical work environment has on workers.

Objectives: Recently, attention has been paid to the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in children. DCD occurs silently in child development stages; the child is involved with deficiencies that affect his / her social relationships, academic achievement and emotional perception. In this study, we tried to investigate the state of emotion recognition and the cognitive profiles of the children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotion recognition and cognitive failures of children with DCD. Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study. The research sample included 120 students with a developmental coordination disorder. The research tools were Battery test: The Cambridge Mindreading (CAM) Computer Version of Revised Reading the Mind in the Eye Test; The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) skills. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis for DCD model was done by using Laserl. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate the fitness of the model. The second root of the squared mean of the test of the case model is closer to zero. This difference is between the predicted value of the model or the estimator and the actual value. That is, estimating the model is near to actual value, therefore the model is approved. In this model, some amount of inertia RMR (0.55) and SRMR (0.666) was an indication of the proper explanation of covariance. Discussion: Study of the state of emotion recognition in children with DCD can help us to provide training programs, therapy and counseling to improve their social skills, self-confidence and academic achievement.

This research examined the dimensionality and the correlates of self-reported cognitive failures. The first goal was to determine what factors, in addition to a general one, are needed to explain self-reported cognitive failures. To explore this issue, both Rasch measurement and confirmatory factor analysis were employed. The second goal was to determine if cognitive failures might be predicted with personality factors, general cognitive ability, and the need for cognition. A sample of 552 USAF airmen responded to the Broadbent Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), a Big-Five personality inventory, the Abstract Reasoning Test, the Speeded Cognitive Ability Test, and the Need for Cognition survey. Both Rasch modeling and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a single factor dominated CFQ responses. Regression analysis showed that CFQ responses were predicted well by personality factors (R = .60).