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Background: Codependence is a form of relationship addiction, described as a "disease of lost selfhood." Codependence among primary caregivers adversely impacts treatment outcomes in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) patients. Personality traits of the caregiver may also influence codependency and its severity. However, in routine clinical practice, codependence among primary caregivers of alcoholic patients is not assessed and addressed. This study aimed to identify codependence among caregivers of ADS patients and determine its association with personality traits in various subgroups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a private mental health establishment in urban Karnataka, India, among 125 adult primary caregivers of ADS patients who were spending at least 4 h daily with the patient for more than a year. Spann-Fischer codependence scale and Big Five personality inventory were used to assess codependence and personality domains, respectively. Codependence scores were correlated with Big Five personality scores and examined in various subgroups. Results: Among 125 study participants, 103 (82.4%) were female and 81 (64.8%) were spouse of ADS patients. Moderate and high codependency was found in 86 (68.8%) and 38 (30.4%) participants, respectively. Codependence was found to be significantly higher among females (64.5 ± 7.7) than males (57.6 ± 10.9), (t = −2.8, df = 25.6, P = 0.000), independent of the type of relationship with the patient. There was a significant positive correlation with neuroticism personality trait. Sociocultural and economic conditions of the caregiver also contributed to codependence. Conclusions: The study identified the presence of moderate-to-severe codependence, especially among female caregivers of ADS patients. This emphasizes the need for a protocol to assess codependency and personality traits among caregivers of ADS patients to improve treatment outcomes in urban Indian settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfire disturbance propagation along fluvial networks remains poorly understood. We use incident, atmospheric, and water-quality data from the largest wildfire in New Mexico's history to quantify how this gigafire affected surface runoff processes and mobilized wildfire disturbances into fluvial networks after burning 1382 km2. Surface runoff post-fire increased compared to pre-fire conditions, and precipitation events that are frequently observed in the affected watershed (<2-year recurrence) and fell during the post-fire first rainy season resulted in uncorrelated, less frequently observed runoff events (10-year recurrence). Besides these shifts in runoff generation, the magnitude and fluctuation of daily water quality parameters and relevant ecosystem processes also shifted over multiple months, even at sites located >160 km downstream of the burn perimeter. Our findings emphasize the need to incorporate spatially resolved longitudinal sampling designs into wildfire water quality research and highlight the spatiotemporal co-dependency among atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic processes in defining the net outcome of wildfire disturbance propagation along impacted fluvial networks. This study quantifies how the largest wildfire in New Mexico's history altered runoff processes and generated water quality disturbances that propagated along hundreds of kilometers and over multiple months, affecting key aquatic ecosystem processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on clinical psychology, psychosexual development and gender studies, this article examines the mother-daughter dysfunctional co-dependent dyad and eating disorders in McCurdy's I'm Glad My Mom Died, a memoir that McCurdy published 10 years after the death of her mother. With a focus on Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, this article scrutinizes the control-based mother-daughter relationship between Jennette and her mother Debra. This paper closely studies the internalized overbearing (m)other figure in McCurdy's memoir in relation to McCurdy's internalized anorexic voice in light of the dysfunctional co-dependent mother-daughter relationship. This ambivalent mother-daughter relationship is illuminated through inappropriate caretaking, manipulation, parentification, projection and intrusiveness, which are effects of co-dependency. Laced with shame and economic guilt, this enmeshed mother-daughter relationship shapes McCurdy's memoir-pathography. Paradoxically, we contend that the loss of this ambivalent mother-daughter relationship is what triggers McCurdy to start her journey of self dis(re)covery through the writing of her memoir, thus reclaiming her subjective identity and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In geosciences, multi-model ensembles are helpful to explore the robustness of a range of results. To obtain a synthetic and improved representation of the studied dynamic system, the models are usually weighted. The simplest method, namely the model democracy, gives equal weights to all models, while more advanced approaches base weights on agreement with available observations. Here, we focus on determining weights for various versions of an idealized model of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This is done by assessing their performance against synthetic observations (generated from one of the model versions) within a data assimilation framework using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In contrast to traditional data assimilation, we implement data-driven forecasts using the analog method based on catalogs of short-term trajectories. This approach allows us to efficiently emulate the model's dynamics while keeping computational costs low. For each model version, we compute a local performance metric, known as the contextual model evidence, to compare observations and model forecasts. This metric, based on the innovation likelihood, is sensitive to differences in model dynamics and considers forecast and observation uncertainties. Finally, the weights are calculated using both model performance and model co-dependency and then evaluated on averages of long-term simulations. Results show good performance in identifying numerical simulations that best replicate observed short-term variations. Additionally, it outperforms benchmark approaches such as strategies based on model democracy or climatology when reconstructing missing distributions. These findings encourage the application of the proposed methodology to more complex datasets in the future, like climate simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codependency (COD) is a pattern of dysfunctional interpersonal bonding characterized by excessive attention to others´ needs and behaviors, neglecting oneself. It is often confused with emotional dependency (ED) and dependent personality disorder (DPD). In order to contribute to the debate regarding COD as an independent phenomenon, this study evaluates the relationship between these constructs. For this purpose, the Argentine Codependence Scale, the Emotional Dependence Questionnaire and the dependent subscale of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory were applied to a sample of 261 participants. COD was more strongly related to ED than to DPD. Although the results indicate some overlap between these concepts, this overlap does not seem to be so high as to suggest that COD is equivalent to ED or DPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Based on the "linked lives" tenant of the life course perspective, this longitudinal study aims to examine the actor and partner effects of social participation on cognitive function in older Chinese couples. Methods A total of 1,706 couples aged 60 and older were included in the final analyses. Social participation was measured using 2 questions regarding types of activities and frequency. Cognitive function was measured using a combination of memory, orientation, visuoconstruction, attention, and calculation. The lagged-dependent APIM was used to model the dyadic associations between social participation and cognitive function. Results The time-averaged actor effects of both husbands' and wives' social participation on their own cognitive function were significant (p <.001 for both). The time-averaged partner effect of husbands' social participation on wives' cognitive function was significant (p <.001) but the reverse—the effect of wives' social participation on husbands' cognitive function—was not (p  = .381). The time-specific actor and partner effects were not significant (p  > .05 for all). Discussion Our findings indicate an asymmetrical pattern of actor–partner interdependence, where husbands' social participation may affect their wives' cognitive function on average, but wives' social participation does not affect their husbands' cognitive function. Clinical practitioners should invite both partners, especially husbands, to participate in social participation interventions to facilitate crossover benefits for wives. Moreover, policymakers should build more facilities to encourage older couples to engage in social activities to prevent cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Linguagens, Educação e Sociedade (LES) is the property of Revista Linguagens, Educacao e Sociedade (LES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study explored the perceptions, lived experiences, and coping approaches of women who live with spouses who have alcohol use disorder (AUD) in response to implicit and explicit messages from professionals and others in their environment. Background: Women who live with a spouse with AUD are affected by their spouses' behavior and experience high levels of mental stress. These women are viewed as problem‐solvers and rescuers, on the one hand, or as enablers and "codependents" on the other. These attitudes may reflect society's ideas of women's gender‐related caretaking role. Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 women whose spouses had a diagnosis of lifetime AUD. Results: Content analysis yielded three themes regarding the kinds of messages the women received: responsible and guilty, distanced and silenced, and reinforced and supported. The women indicated internalization of these messages and expressed they felt guilty, ashamed, and excluded, but in some cases, strengthened. Conclusion: Society and the people around these women bear responsibility for the negative images they internalize. Implications: Awareness of the implicit and explicit messages conveyed to these women is needed. Specific interventions should be designed to validate their difficulties and support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Currently, psychological knowledge integrates theories on codependent behavior, advancing our understanding of this phenomenon. However, empirical research is lacking to understand its specific manifestations in relation to different types of addiction. Objective. To identify the features of self-attitude and reflection in codependent women. Design. The study included 233 women (ages 18–70), including 102 in relationships with a person addicted to alcohol, drugs, or suffering from a non-chemical addiction). The study was conducted using the following methods: Self-Attitude Questionnaire (Stolin & Panteleev, 1988); Differential Type of Reflection Questionnaire (Leontiev, 2009); and Codependency Self-Inventory Scale (CSIS; Weinhold & Weinhold, 1989; translated by A. G. Cheslavskaya, 2002). Results. Significant differences were observed in self-attitude and reflection. Women with high codependency have lower self-esteem and tend to underestimate their abilities, compared to the control group. They also exhibit a lower sense of control over their lives, lower self-consistency; they tend to focus on their weaknesses and shortcomings and are more inclined to self-blame. Quasi-reflexivity is more common in codependent women who have relationships with non-chemical addicts or do not identify an addict in their lives. Conclusion. There are significant differences in self-attitude and reflection between the control group and subgroups of women in relationships with different types of addicts; the same differences were observed in comparison of women with low and high codependency levels. The study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying codependent behavior in women and has implications for future research and clinical practice.

The aim of this paper is to advance psychological theory and research on attitudes and behavior towards low status minority groups by discussing group-level indispensability as an important yet largely unexplored factor in intergroup dynamics. Drawing on theory and international research from psychology and the social sciences, the distinction between functional indispensability and identity indispensability is first discussed. Subsequently various positive intergroup implications of perceived indispensability are considered, and for giving a balanced account possible negative outcomes are also discussed. Then, the minority perspective is considered and the question of when positive or negative intergroup implications of perceived indispensability are less or more likely. The paper concludes with future directions for theoretical and empirical development of the notion of group-level indispensability and its intergroup consequences in a range of settings and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents key problems and the most common disorders in the functioning of adult co-dependent people. The main aim of the research was to understand the functioning of co-dependent adults as family members with alcohol problems. Particular attention was paid to the problems experienced by co-dependent adults in their biological family, their own family and professional work. The empirical material was collected using an original survey questionnaire, which consisted of 40 questions. The selection of the sample for the study was purposeful, in which the researcher selected units that met the criteria he specified and had specific properties. The study involved 143 co-dependent people who live or lived (were raised) in a family with an alcohol problem. The research results prove that in all indicated areas, co-dependent people experienced various problems and functioning disorders. They show that co-dependent people require a holistic approach from social work to the individual experiencing a problem (addicted person or co-dependent person), focused on heterogeneous influence, which increases the chances of long-term independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new class of exact solutions depicting anisotropic compact objects is presented in the current work. This spherically symmetric matter distribution assumes a specific form of anisotropy to obtain the exact solution for the field equations. The obtained interior solutions are smoothly matched with the Schwarzschild exterior metric over the bounding surface of a compact star and together with the condition that the radial pressure vanishes at the boundary, the form of the model parameters are attained. One of the interesting features of the obtained solutions is the codependency of the metric potentials. We have considered the pulsar 4U1608-52 with its current estimated data (mass = 1. 57 - 0.29 + 0.30 M ⊙ and radius = 9.8 ± 1.8 km [Özel in Astrophys J 820(1):28, 2016]) to study the model graphically. Moreover, we have studied the physical features and some important stability conditions for the model. Tabular comparison with other known pulsars infers that the obtained model represents a compact star within a radius of 8–12 km. Finally, we have found the angular momentum that causes the dragging of inertial frames of the slowly rotating equilibrium compact objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background & Aim: Codependency is a type of pathological relationship. Pediatric nurses' liking of children may make them accept children more easily, but it may also lead to codependency. This study aims to examine the relationship between pediatric nurses’ liking of children's levels and their codependency. Methods & Materials: This study is a descriptive correlational study. Data were collected online via Google Forms by exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling using the Demographic Form, the Barnett Liking of Children Scale (BLCS), and the Nurse Codependency Questionnaire (NCQ). The study was completed with 260 nurses. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: In this study, the nurses' BLCS median score was 86 (78-93) and their NCQ median score was 72 (64-82). A significant but weak correlation was observed both between age and the BLCS score (r=0.132; p

This study examines the multiple mediation of forgiveness in the relationship between self-esteem and codependency. The participants of the study consist of 520 individuals, 325 of whom are women (65%) and 175 of whom are men (35%). Two-dimensional self-esteem, forgiveness and codependency scale were used in the study. According to the results of the study, self-liking and self-competency significantly predict codependency negatively. Self-liking significantly predicts forgiveness of self positively and forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations negatively. Self-competence significantly predicts forgiveness of self, others and situations positively. Self-liking and self-competence have significant direct effects on codependency. However, this correlation becomes insignificant when mediating variables of forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations are included in the model. This result shows that forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations have a full mediating role. As a result, it can be seen that increasing self-esteem and teaching individuals the skills to forgive are very important in preventing codependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-dependency and enmeshment have been used interchangeably in psychological and psychotherapeutic practice. The commentary offers a discussion on the conceptual development of both concepts, highlighting the historical differences and similarities. It suggests that there are specific schemas and modes which operate within the scope of both concepts. The Bacon & Conway - CODEM Model 2022. is introduced to describe the schemas and modes associated with enmeshment and co-dependency. The conceptual model of enmeshment and co-dependency is offered with the intention to help the reader to identify and find ways to address these patterns. A fictional clinical case scenario was offered to illustrate the discussion. Further research is currently being developed to offer a robust empirical base for the model proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a paradigm shift from considering physical activity and sedentary behaviour as "independent" risk factors of health to acknowledging their co-dependency and compositional nature. The focus is now on how these behaviours relate to each other rather than viewing them in isolation. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) is a methodology that has been developed specifically for compositional data and the number of publications using CoDA in physical activity and sedentary behaviour research has increased rapidly in the past years. Yet, only a small proportion of the published studies in physical activity and sedentary behaviour research have investigated the time-use composition as dependent variables. This could be related to challenges regarding the interpretation of the results and the lack of guidelines for deciding which statistical approach to use. Therefore, in this paper, four different approaches for analysing the time-use composition as dependent variables are presented and discussed. This paper advocates that the aim of research should guide how the dependent variable is defined and which data analysis approach is selected, and it encourages researchers to consider analysing time-use components as dependent variables in physical activity and sedentary behaviour research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic revealed a dramatic need for modes of solidarity and responsibility that take into account welfare of others and simultaneously stem from the recognition of global co-dependency and shared vulnerabilities. Using the concepts of ‘imagined immunity’ and ‘competing responsibilities’, this article examines the ways in which experiences, skills and discourses of the socialist past were mobilized during the first year of the pandemic in the Czech Republic in diverse, often contradictory ways to articulate the complexities of and hindrances to such modes of biopolitical solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the gender equality, codependency, and sociodemographic variables as predictors of psychological well-being in homemakers. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in three Ladies' Mansions, which gave permission for the study, among 12 Ladies' Mansions located in a central district of Ankara Province. The sample consisted of 263 homemakers who came to these mansions between March and November 2019. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form," the "Psychological Well-being Scale," the "Gender Equality Scale," and the "Codependency Assessment Tool." Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 IBM software. Descriptive analysis methods were used to evaluate sociodemographic data, t-test, Mann--Whitney U test, and Kruskal--Wallis test were used for comparison between groups and Pearson's correlation test was used to examine the correlation between dependent variables, and stepwise regression analysis was applied to understand which independent variables predicted the dependent variable. Results: Only 19.7% of the homemakers had a high level of psychological well-being, 12.9% had a high level of gender equality perception and 21.3% had a low level of codependency characteristic. Gender, codependency, duration of marriage, age, and marital status significantly predicted psychological well-being, whereas other variables did not have a significant effect. All the predictive variables together accounted for 52.0% of the total variance in the total score of the "Psychological Well-being Scale." Conclusion: The psychological well-being of homemakers is affected by gender equality, codependency, marriage duration, and increasing age, so it is closely related to homemaker roles. For this reason, protecting and promoting the mental health of homemakers should be one of the priority issues in the field of community mental health, and the correlation between the sociocultural dimension and the mental health of housewives should be examined more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Hungarica is the property of Hungarian Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-quality indoor air is essential in open-kitchen restaurants for ensuring a healthy workplace and comfortable conditions for visitors. In this study, indoor air quality interdependence between the kitchen and the dining zones in open-kitchen restaurants was analyzed. The method was based on measurements of selected air parameters using a sensor technique and mutual information (MI) analysis. A long-term approach (based on a several-hour time series) and a short-term approach (based on a several-minute time series) were applied. This study involved four open-kitchen restaurants. The indoor conditions were represented by the temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and content of the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in the air. The MI analyses showed that the long-term co-dependence of the indoor conditions between the kitchen and the dining zones was smaller during business hours (MI = 0.12 ÷ 0.40) compared to night hours (MI = 0.24 ÷ 0.58). The ranking of the long-term MI values for the individual air parameters was MICO2 (0.34) ≅ MIT (0.34) > MIRH (0.28) > MITVOC (0.23). The short-term interdependencies were smaller during night hours (median MI = 0.01 ÷ 0.56) compared to business hours (MI = 0.23 ÷ 0.61). Additionally, the short-term MI was subject to high temporal variability. The ranking of the short-term MI values for the individual air parameters was MICO2 (0.48) > MIT (0.46) > MIRH (0.37) > MITVOC (0.26). Due to the weak and highly variable co-dependence of the air parameters between the kitchen and dining areas, multi-zone monitoring of air parameters with an emphasis on TVOC measurements is recommended to ensure proper indoor conditions in open-kitchen restaurants. The presented approach may be applied to design indoor air quality monitoring and ventilation systems not only in open-kitchen restaurants but also in other interiors with functionally different zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this practice article we present a group counseling model based on Bowen theory for college students with codependency traits and related symptoms developed and piloted in Taiwan. Along with principles of Bowen theory applied to the group counseling model, we discuss group goals, leader roles, group process and development. We present preliminary outcome data on differentiation of self and on therapeutic factors of the group and offer suggestions for future group practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined psychological characteristics and behavioral regulation in codependent women. The study aimed to identify personality traits, approval motivation, and empathy levels as predictors of behavioral regulation in codependent women. A total of 102 women (mean age 30.39 years) in relationships or related to alcohol, drug, or non-chemical addicts participated. Psychological testing and survey were used to assess codependence, aggression, empathy, need for approval, cognitive regulation of emotions, and self-regulation strategies: codependency Self-Inventory scale (CSIS; B. Weinhold, J. Weinhold); questionnaire "Auto- and Aggression to others" (E.P. Ilyin); method "Diagnosis of the level of empathy" (V. V. Boyko); Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (adapted by Yu.L.Khanin); The questionnaire of cognitive regulation of emotions (Rasskazova E.I., Leonova A.B., Pluzhnikov I.V.) and the questionnaire "Style of self-regulation of behavior" (Morosanova V.I.). Results suggest that personal characteristics, approval motivation, and empathy can predict the severity of codependence, manifestation of aggressiveness, self-regulation strategies, and cognitive regulation strategies in codependent women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interplay between chromatin-associated complexes and modifications critically contribute to the partitioning of epigenome into stable and functionally distinct domains. Yet there is a lack of systematic identification of chromatin crosstalk mechanisms, limiting our understanding of the dynamic transition between chromatin states during development and disease. Here we perform co-dependency mapping of genes using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated fitness screens in pan-cancer cell lines to quantify gene-gene functional relationships. We identify 145 co-dependency modules and further define the molecular context underlying the essentiality of these modules by incorporating mutational, epigenome, gene expression and drug sensitivity profiles of cell lines. These analyses assign new protein complex composition and function, and predict new functional interactions, including an unexpected co-dependency between two transcriptionally counteracting chromatin complexes - polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and MLL-MEN1 complex. We show that PRC2-mediated H3K27 tri-methylation regulates the genome-wide distribution of MLL1 and MEN1. In lymphoma cells with EZH2 gain-of-function mutations, the re-localization of MLL-MEN1 complex drives oncogenic gene expression and results in a hypersensitivity to pharmacologic inhibition of MEN1. Together, our findings provide a resource for discovery of trans-regulatory interactions as mechanisms of chromatin regulation and potential targets of synthetic lethality. Co-dependency mapping assays have revealed genetic dependencies in cancer and could shed light on chromatin crosstalk mechanisms. Here, the authors establish a pipeline to integrate co-dependency mapping screens with molecular information in pan-cancer cell lines in order to reveal chromatin complexes and potential drug targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codependency is a serious mental, emotional, social, and physical problem. Little is known about the spiritual mechanism of recovery among codependent individuals participating in Al-Anon self-help groups. The aim of this study was to verify whether spiritual struggles are indirectly through spiritual growth and hope, related to life satisfaction of codependent individuals. The achieved results confirmed the indirect effect of spiritual struggles on life satisfaction through the spiritual growth and hope of codependent individuals participating in Al-Anon. The research confirmed the mechanism underlying the relationship between spiritual struggles and the life satisfaction of codependent individuals participating in Al-Anon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychology / Revista de Psihologie is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study is to test the model developed in relation to the mediator role of the need for social approval in the relationship between perfectionism and codependency. The study was conducted on a total of 188 students (144 females and 44 males) attending the Education Faculty of Amasya University. In the study, Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale, Need for Social Approval Scale and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale were used. The theoretical model proposed in the study was tested with the structural equation model. In the analysis of the collected data, LISREL 8.51 was used. The goodness-of-fit indices calculated for the model were found to be good. The goodness-of-fit indices found for the structural model are as follows: RMSEA=0.07, Standardized RMR=0.08, NNFI=0.90, CFI=0.91 and IFI=0.91. It was found that the structural model constructed to reveal the mediator role of the need for social approval in the relationship between perfectionism and codependency has a good fit and the need for social approval was found to have a partial mediator role in the model.

In this study, we interpret codependency as a dysfunctional pattern of relating to others, and based on this approach, we hypothesized an association with negative forms of dyadic coping, relationship problems and life satisfaction. A total of 246 Hungarian participants (167 females, 79 males), aged 18–72 years (M = 35.3, SD = 11.6) completed our online survey including measures of codependency, dyadic coping, perceptions of relationship, and life satisfaction. In our cross-sectional research, the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale (SF-CDS), the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI), the Shortened Marital Stress Scale (MSS-R), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were used. Correlational and pathway analyzes were applied to confirm our hypotheses. Codependency was associated with negative dyadic coping, while we found no measurable influence on positive dyadic coping. Individuals with higher codependency rated both their own and their partner's negative dyadic coping more pronounced, while at the same time they characterized their relationships as more problematic. Structural Equation Modelling proved that codependent attitudes, along with the emergence of negative dyadic coping forms and perception of relationship problems, reduce a person's life satisfaction. Overall, it can be stated that the more codependent the participants were, the more negative their own and partner's behaviour was perceived in stressful situations and the more problematic their intimate relationship was found to be. Our results support the idea that codependency is a specific, largely stable attitude that determines a person's perception and behaviour relating to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oligotrophy of the southern Adriatic Sea is characterized by seasonal stratification which enables nutrient supply to the euphotic layer. A set of interdisciplinary methods was used to elucidate the diversity and co-dependency of bacterio- and phytoplankton of the water column during the stratification period of July 2021. A total of 95 taxa were determined by microscopy: 58 diatoms, 27 dinoflagellates, 6 coccolithophores, and 4 other autotrophs, which included Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Cryptophytes. Nanophytoplankton abundances were higher in comparison to microphytoplankton. The prokaryotic plankton community as revealed by HTS was dominated by Proteobacteria (41–73%), Bacteroidota (9.5–27%), and cyanobacteria (1–10%), while the eukaryotic plankton community was composed of parasitic Syndiniales (45–80%), Ochrophyta (2–18%), Ciliophora (2–21%), Chlorophytes (2–4%), Haptophytes (1–4%), Bacillariophyta (1–13%), Pelagophyta (0.5–12%) and Chrysophyta (0.5–3%). Flow cytometry analysis has recorded Prochlorococcus and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes as more abundant in deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), and Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria as most abundant in surface and thermocline layers. Surface, thermocline, and DCM layers were distinct considering community diversity, temperature, and nutrient correlations, while extreme nutrient values at the beginning of the investigating period indicated a possible nutrient flux. Nutrient and temperature were recognized as the main environmental drivers of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton community abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1.5°C target is now widely considered as the maximum acceptable limit for global warming. However, it is at once recent and, as it appears increasingly unreachable, already almost obsolete. Adopted as an aspirational target in the Paris Agreement in 2015, the 1.5°C objective originated with a political impetus within UNFCCC negotiations. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) endorsed this policy‐driven target when it produced the Special Report on 1.5°C. This article highlights the continuity of the history of the 1.5°C target with that of the 2°C target, but also the differences between the two. Because the 1.5°C target considerably raises the bar on mitigation efforts, it exacerbates political tensions and ambiguities that were already latent in the 2°C target. This article retraces the emergence of the 1.5°C in diplomatic negotiations, the preparation of the IPCC Special report on 1.5°C, and the new kinds of debates they provoked among climate scientists and experts. To explain how an unreachable target became the reference for climate action, we analyze the "political calibration" of climate science and politics, which can also be described as a codependency between climate science and politics. This article is categorized under:Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Assessment ModelingClimate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical PerspectivesAssessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a concrete definition and diagnostic need for addiction in romantic relationships. The present study aims to develop a scale to identify individuals' addiction levels in romantic relationships. The Addiction in Romantic Relationships Scale was developed and tested on 1110 Turkish university students (61.4% female; mean age 21.2 ± 2.08 years). The factor structure was investigated with exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale consisted of a 13-item, three-factor structure (dedication, withdrawal, and obsession) that explained 62.4% of the total variance. The correlation coefficients between the Addiction in Romantic Relationships Scale subscales and the total score ranged from .74 to .86. The scale had good fit rates in terms of the confidential factor analysis (comparative fit index = .96, normed fit index = .95, goodness of fit index = .96, root mean square error of approximation = .55). Concurrent validity results showed that the Addiction in Romantic Relationships Scale had a high positive correlation between the love addiction criteria (r = .51) and Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised (r = .60). The scale had high reliability (Cronbach's alpha= .87). As a result, the Addiction in Romantic Relationships Scale is a valid and reliable scale consisting of 13 items and a three-factor structure for evaluation of addiction in romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently a lack of systematic study examining the integration of verbal-visual elements in science textbooks. In particular, few research has investigated how different types of visual representations (e.g. photograph, diagram, table) vary across the major written genres of science (e.g. information report, explanation). Based on the perspective of social semiotics, this paper aims to understand the co-dependency between visual representations and written genres by analysing a corpus of multimodal texts from a major Australian textbook series. Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal a number of interesting patterns in terms of how several types of representations tend to appear with certain genres, as well as possible reasons for this co-dependency. In particular, the analysis accounts for why and how: (a) photographs and tables are used to support information report, (b) diagrams and photographs for explanation, and (c) diagrams and tables for experimental account. This study provides empirical evidence to support the importance of analysing multimodal genre for science teaching and learning as well as science education research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined psychological characteristics and behavioral regulation in codependent women. The study aimed to identify personality traits, approval motivation, and empathy levels as predictors of behavioral regulation in codependent women. A total of 102 women (mean age 30.39 years) in relationships or related to alcohol, drug, or non-chemical addicts participated. Psychological testing and survey were used to assess codependence, aggression, empathy, need for approval, cognitive regulation of emotions, and self-regulation strategies: codependency Self-Inventory scale (CSIS; B. Weinhold, J. Weinhold); questionnaire “Auto- and Aggression to others” (E.P. Ilyin); method “Diagnosis of the level of empathy” (V. V. Boyko); Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (adapted by Yu.L.Khanin); The questionnaire of cognitive regulation of emotions (Rasskazova E.I., Leonova A.B., Pluzhnikov I.V.) and the questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior” (Morosanova V.I.). Results suggest that personal characteristics, approval motivation, and empathy can predict the severity of codependence, manifestation of aggressiveness, self-regulation strategies, and cognitive regulation strategies in codependent women.

Background. Relatives of patients with addictive disorders often face significant difficulties in their daily lives. Although the burnout concept is currently considered a significant and promising theoretical framework for studying family members who care for chronically ill patients, its application has encountered considerable difficulties in the area of addiction treatment. Objective. This article explores the methodology for studying the psychological issues arising in families affected by addictive disorders. We analyzed the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the different study models developed in this field, and identified the difficulties hindering the acceptance of the burnout concept as a theoretical construct for investigation. Results. There are several main obstacles to the burnout concept’s application to studying the psychology of addictive patients’ families. These obstacles are: 1) a stigmatizing attitude toward the relatives, labelling them as dysfunctional/codependent, or merely passive recipients adjusting to stressful and challenging circumstances; 2) a sole focus on the destructive elements of the “informal caregiver — addicted patient” relationship dynamics; 3) underestimation of relatives’ willingness, experience, and knowledge in the care of their addicted family member and failure to recognize their right to participate in treatment decision-making; and 4) lack of specialized tools for assessing burnout and its opposite pole — the engagement of addicts’ relatives during the patients’ care. Conclusion. Application of the burnout concept as a theoretical framework allows us to reformulate many psychopathological phenomena described in the family members of addicts, and expands the perspective of psychotherapy by providing the opportunity to conduct interventions to improve relatives’ functioning as caregivers. This, in turn, will contribute to the effectiveness of treatment outcomes for both addicts and their families.

A young couple came to therapist, when wife was at 8 months pregnant. The husband was inclined to mindlessly spend money, get into microloans and loans. Thus, almost everything that spouses earned was given back to banks to pay off debts. This was presented as the main problem. The discussion reveals key vectors of further therapy with the couple.

Housewives are individuals who assume the role of caregiver in the family in almost every society and experience serious psychological difficulties in line with this role. These psychological difficulties may develop due to the pathological relationships that women have, especially with their family members. In this context, the study aims to examine the mental health states of housewives within the framework of codependence and self-perceptions. This study, which was planned as descriptive, relational, and cross-sectional, by online questionnaire method, consists of 371 housewives. Personal information form, Codependency Assessment Tool (CODAT), social comparison scale (SCS), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to collect data. In the analysis of the research, a structural equation model was established by using SPSS 25 and AMOS 23 package programs. It was found that the mean age of the housewives included in the study was 35.19 ± 9.85 and 35.5% of the participants were university graduates, 13.2% lived in an extended family, 13.7% had a poor relationship with their spouse, and 51.5% were only responsible for housework. Besides, according to the results of the study, it was found that the total mean score of SCS was 75.16 ± 21.73, SCL-90-R was 1.96 ± 0.95, and CODAT was 76.16 ± 17.75. In the case of analysis, there was strong correlation between the mental status of housewives and both their codependency levels and their self-perceptions. It has been determined that increased levels of codependency and negative self-perception of housewives increase the psychological symptoms experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giving birth encompasses a spectrum of potentialities: it can range from a deeply traumatic experience to an empowering experience that increases the birthing person's confidence in their abilities and in their environment. The element we analyze here to understand these potentialities is the specific vulnerability of childbirth. We argue that the vulnerability of the birthing process involves a radical openness and codependency that exposes us to harm, but also enables the creation of unique bonds with one's own body and with others. We explore pain and uncontrollability as central features of the childbirth experience and propose a re-signified notion of control as key to making childbirth a positive and even empowering experience. We understand this empowerment from the coordinates of relational autonomy, since it would only be possible to achieve it if, after opening ourselves to the world and to others, we find the necessary support, trust, and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]